WO2008141592A1 - Palier autolubrifiant sans plomb et son procédé de production - Google Patents

Palier autolubrifiant sans plomb et son procédé de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008141592A1
WO2008141592A1 PCT/CN2008/071081 CN2008071081W WO2008141592A1 WO 2008141592 A1 WO2008141592 A1 WO 2008141592A1 CN 2008071081 W CN2008071081 W CN 2008071081W WO 2008141592 A1 WO2008141592 A1 WO 2008141592A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
lead
powder
bearing
sintering
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/071081
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhihua Sun
Original Assignee
Zhejiang Changsheng Sliding Bearing Co., Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang Changsheng Sliding Bearing Co., Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Changsheng Sliding Bearing Co., Ltd
Priority to CA2670200A priority Critical patent/CA2670200C/en
Publication of WO2008141592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008141592A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201Composition of the plastic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
    • F16C33/206Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with three layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/12Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2208/00Plastics; Synthetic resins, e.g. rubbers
    • F16C2208/20Thermoplastic resins
    • F16C2208/30Fluoropolymers
    • F16C2208/32Polytetrafluorethylene [PTFE]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/08Time
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/48Particle sizes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plain bearing, and more particularly to a lead-free self-lubricating bearing made of a three-layer composite.
  • the DU bearing which was introduced as early as the 1970s, is such a three-layer composite bearing, but because its friction layer lining is sintered from a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and lead (P b ). Although it can replace the copper alloy bushing in some application fields and achieve the purpose of reducing cost and improving service life, since it contains metal lead component in the friction layer of the bearing, the lead and lead compounds are toxic substances due to When the bearing is working, it will cause abrasive wear to cause lead-containing powder and lead gas to escape in high temperature, and the recovery of used bearings will cause harm to the human body and the environment.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • P b lead
  • the plastic layer that is, the anti-friction and wear-resistant working layer, is an ideal ideal for traditional products as long as it effectively overcomes the key problem of not containing heavy metals such as lead and harmful substances and achieves satisfactory results. Upgraded product.
  • the main object of the present invention is to explore and invent the composition of the lining layer (frictional plastic layer) of the bearing, not only to remove the harmful substance-lead used in the DU bearing, but also to use the polymer composed of the following materials instead of the low friction.
  • the lead of the coefficient at the same time makes the mechanical, physical and friction properties of the bearing better than the DU bearing;
  • PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Polyimide, abbreviated as PI has similar properties and is therefore an alternative material.
  • polyphenylene sulfide is first chemically crosslinked. Chemical crosslinking is a mature technology, usually requiring the addition of magnesium fluoride. Equal accelerator, cross-linking time 20 minutes.
  • Aramid fiber trade name kevlar (produced by DuPont, USA), English name: Aramid Fibre, is a high-performance organic fiber with ultra-high strength, ultra-high modulus, high temperature resistance and light weight. Its strength is more than 3 times higher than that of ordinary organic fibers, and the modulus is 10 times that of nylon and 9 times that of polyester. Aramid fiber has good impact and fatigue resistance, good dielectric properties, chemical stability, low expansion, low thermal conductivity, non-combustible, non-melting and so on. Aramid fiber filling in PTFE can greatly enhance the mechanical properties, load bearing capacity and friction and wear properties of the bearing.
  • Molybdenum disulfide referred to as MoS 2
  • MoS 2 is a layered structure of hexagonal crystal system, which is easy to slip from layer to layer, so it has good self-lubricating property, and it can be strongly adsorbed on metal surface even when rubbed. It is also not easy to break, so it can withstand higher loads.
  • the data shows that the 2. 5 ⁇ m thick MoS 2 film can withstand pressures above 2800 MP a while experiencing a friction speed of 40 m/s. After the addition, the friction and wear are significantly improved, and the initial wear of the bearing is reduced, and sometimes the MoS 2 can be replaced by graphite.
  • the conventionally used sliding bearing and DU bearing described in the above technical background fully demonstrate the progress of human beings in the development of science and technology.
  • the main object of the present invention is to explore and invent the composition of the lead-free formulation of the self-lubricating bearing friction lining layer, while at the same time making the mechanical, physical and frictional properties of the bearing superior to the DU bearing.
  • the ultimate goal is to find a three-layer composite lead-free self-lubricating bearing and its manufacturing method.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lead-free self-lubricating bearing and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the lead-free self-lubricating bearing can not only work under the lubrication condition of the oil medium, but also has corrosion resistance, and can also be less oily or even less lubricated in lubrication conditions.
  • Working under dry friction, especially its lead and lead-free compounds, can meet the requirements of European R0HS heavy metals and hazardous substances, self-lubricating bearings, can be widely used in automotive, food, pharmaceutical, home appliances, beverages, office medical machinery, etc. In the manufacturing industry.
  • the lead-free self-lubricating bearing is mainly composed of a metal substrate, a spherical porous copper powder layer sintered on the substrate, and a friction-reducing plastic which penetrates and covers the copper powder layer.
  • Layer composition and adopting a rolling process to manufacture a sliding bearing; characterized in that the spherical bronze powder does not contain lead in the lead and the friction layer plastic formulation; the antifriction and wear resistant plastic layer is the polymerization of the bearing lining layer
  • the material composition is 10-20% by weight of polyphenylene sulfide ultrafine powder, 10 ⁇ 20% of polyphenylene ultrafine powder, 10-20% of aramid fiber, and fiber length of 40 ⁇ 120 ⁇ m.
  • Two The ultrafine powder of molybdenum sulfide is 6 to 10%, and the rest is ultrafine powder of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the metal substrate is a steel coil tape made of high-quality low-carbon steel, the width of the steel coil is 150 ⁇ 300 mm, and the thickness is 0. 25 ⁇ 2. 70 let, and copper plating on the surface, copper plating layer The thickness is 4 to 6 ⁇ m ; the spherical copper powder grade sintered on the metal substrate is selected to be CuS n 8P or CuS n 10 .
  • a method of manufacturing a lead-free self-lubricating bearing comprising:
  • the lead-free spherical bronze powder layer is sintered on the metal substrate of the steel coil with a spherical diameter of 60 ⁇ 140 ⁇ ⁇ and a sintered thickness of 0. 25 ⁇ 0.
  • the powder mixture and the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion must be added with 4 ⁇ 6 % ethanol in an appropriate amount to make the software. More soft.
  • the paste-like soft body is automatically rolled on the copper powder layer of the two-layer composite porous ball powder belt on the assembly line, so that a part of it penetrates into the pores of the porous spherical bronze powder and leaves a layer of lining covering the ball.
  • the thickness of the cover layer is usually 0. 20mm;
  • the dried sheet is subjected to a single rolling, the rolling amount is 0. 015-0. 03mm, to increase the density and bonding force of the polytetrafluoroethylene in the pores of the copper ball powder;
  • sintering, sintering of the plastic friction layer in the channel type nitrogen gas protection sintering furnace followed by three processes of preheating, heating and heat preservation; sintering heating temperature 380-390 ° C, total time 15-25 min, wherein sintering preheating The temperature is in the range of 8 to 10 min.
  • nitrogen is used as a shielding gas in the furnace, and the purity thereof is 99.9 % or more, and the flow rate of the different sintering furnaces is not oxidized to a minimum flow rate;
  • the invention sinters a layer of lead-free spherical bronze powder on the metal substrate of the steel coil, and the sintering furnace adopts a channel type hydrogen-nitrogen mixed atmosphere protection furnace, the hydrogen is 50%, the nitrogen is 50%, and the sintering time is 880 ⁇ 900°. 8 to 10 minutes in C; during the powder and fiber compounding process, it is possible to add a pigment which has a certain color to the bearing finished lining layer and is resistant to 400 ° C sintering;
  • the material composition of the anti-friction and wear-resistant plastic layer is further optimized as described above, in particular, the high-performance organic fiber kevlar is added, and the friction and wear, fatigue strength and bearing capacity of the bearing are greatly improved.
  • the metal substrate of the present invention adopts a steel coil, and the manufacturing process of the entire three-layer composite material realizes the flow of water.
  • the whole coil of steel tape ordered from the steel mill is copper plated and installed on the unwinder. After leveling, the copper powder is automatically laid, sintered and rolled into a two-layer composite porous ball powder belt; After the soft anti-friction and wear-resistant plastic layer is dried, medium-rolled, sintered, and finally rolled until winding, the whole process of three-layer composite self-lubricating bearing material flow production is completed.
  • the invention overcomes the shortcomings of the composite bearing friction plastic layer which is not suitable for use in automobile, food, pharmaceutical, home appliance, office, beverage and other mechanical manufacturing industries because of lead-containing; has the advantages of simple product structure, good use effect, long service life and manufacturing process Simple, reasonable and so on.
  • the CSB-50 three-layer composite lead-free self-lubricating bearing of the invention is compared with the DU bearing on the market under the same three test conditions, and the test results are as follows:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the process flow of the present invention.
  • the present invention is mainly composed of a metal substrate, a spherical porous copper powder layer sintered on the substrate, and a friction-reducing and wear-resistant plastic layer which penetrates and covers the copper powder layer, and Using a rolling process to produce a sliding bearing;
  • the spherical bronze powder does not contain lead in the lead and friction layer plastic formulation;
  • the friction reducing wear resistant plastic layer is the polymer material of the bearing lining layer, by weight It is 10 ⁇ 20% of polyphenylene sulfide ultrafine powder, 10 ⁇ 20% of polyphenylene ultrafine powder, 10 ⁇ 20% of aramid fiber, fiber length is 40 ⁇ 120 ⁇ , molybdenum disulfide ultrafine powder 6 ⁇ 10%, the rest is ultra-fine powder of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the metal substrate is a steel coil made of high-quality low-carbon steel.
  • the width of the steel coil is 150 ⁇ 300mm, the thickness is 0.25 ⁇ 2.70, and the surface is plated with copper.
  • the thickness of the copper plating layer is 4 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ; the spherical copper powder grade sintered on the metal substrate is selected as CuS n 8P or CuS n 10 .
  • the method for manufacturing a lead-free self-lubricating bearing according to the present invention comprises the following steps, as shown in FIG. 1:
  • Powder and fiber ingredients, powders are added according to the above weight ratio, and if necessary, a pigment which has a certain color and a 400 ° C sintering resistance can be added; (3) stirring, mixing the mixture of the powder and the fiber three times, each time for 5 to 10 minutes, into a mixture, the speed of the mixer is 2000 ⁇ 4000r/min, three times of sieving, and the mesh size is above 100;
  • the powder mixture and the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion must be added with 4 ⁇ 6 % ethanol in an appropriate amount to make the software. More soft.
  • the paste-like soft body is automatically rolled on the copper powder layer of the two-layer composite porous ball powder belt on the assembly line, so that a part of it penetrates into the pores of the porous spherical bronze powder and leaves a layer of lining covering the ball.
  • the thickness of the cover layer is usually 0. 20mm;
  • the dried sheet is subjected to a single rolling, the rolling amount is 0. 015-0. 03mm, to increase the density and bonding force of the polytetrafluoroethylene in the pores of the copper ball powder;
  • sintering, sintering of the plastic friction layer in the channel type nitrogen gas protection sintering furnace followed by three processes of preheating, heating and heat preservation; sintering heating temperature 380-390 ° C, total time 15-25 min, wherein sintering preheating The temperature is in the range of 8 to 10 min.
  • nitrogen is used as a shielding gas in the furnace, and the purity thereof is 99.9 % or more, and the flow rate of the different sintering furnaces is not oxidized to a minimum flow rate;
  • the corresponding three-layer composite lead-free self-lubricating coil material should be selected and unrolled into strips of the same width or different width and rolled into coil materials;
  • the material formula is 10-15% by weight of polyphenylene sulfide powder; 10-15% of polyphenylene powder; 15 ⁇ 20% of aramid fiber; 7-8 % of molybdenum disulfide; the rest is polytetrafluoroethylene powder.
  • the sintering is carried out in a nitrogen-protected sintering furnace at a sintering temperature of 380-390 ° C, a sintering time of 10-20 minutes, and a nitrogen gas purity of 99.9% or more.
  • the nitrogen flow rate and pressure are also different. It is preferred that the steel substrate is not oxidized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

无铅自润滑轴承及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种滑动轴承, 尤其是一种采用三层复合材料制造的无铅自润滑轴 承。
背景技术
早在 20世纪 70年代就已问世的 DU轴承就是这样一种三层复合轴承, 但因为它的摩 擦层衬里层是采用聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 和铅 (Pb) 的混合物烧结而成的, 虽然在部分应用 领域中可以取代铜合金轴套并取得降低成本和提高使用寿命的目的, 但因为它在轴承摩擦 层中含有金属铅成份, 这种铅元素和铅的化合物是有毒物质, 由于轴承在工作时会造成磨 粒磨损使含铅的粉末和高温场合铅气体逸出, 以及废旧轴承的回收等问题对人体和环境带 来危害, 随着人们对环保意识的提高, 这种产品在汽车、 食品、 制药、 家电、 健身、 办公、 饮料等机械制造业中的使用受到排斥或限制。 我们注意到欧美已有相应的环保标准出现, 如欧洲 R0HS重金属及有害物质标准对此已专门提出了要求。
类似于 DU轴承这种产品, 其塑料层, 即减摩耐磨工作层只要有效的克服不含有铅等 重金属及有害物质这一关键问题并取得满意的使用效果就将是传统产品的一种理想的升 级换代产品。
本发明的主要目的是探索并发明这种轴承的衬里层 (摩擦塑料层) 的成份组成, 不但 去掉 DU轴承所用的有害物质一铅, 并应用了以下几种材料所组成的聚合物替代低摩擦系 数的铅, 同时使轴承的机械、 物理、 摩擦性能优于 DU轴承;
聚四氟乙烯, 简称 PTFE, 其有优良的摩擦性能, 摩擦系数是塑料中最小的一种, 常常 用作滑动轴承衬里润滑材料, 可以作为其低摩擦系数的填充物, 但如果单独使用, 则机械 强度与弹性模量极差, 因此单独使用聚四氟乙烯的机会不多。 对于实际用途而言, 要适用 于高载低速或轻载高速运动的场合下应用必须添加耐磨填料和 /或增强衬里的其它材料, 这已是众所周知的道理。
聚苯脂, 简称 EK0N0I , 英文名: Aromatic Polyester, 与其它工程塑料相比, 最大特点 是具有类似金属的性能和最高的热导率, 此外还具有优良的尺寸稳定性, 有很高的耐压缩 蠕变性、 耐磨性和优良的自润滑性能和硬度, 以上特点正好有效地克服单独使用聚四氟乙 烯所存在的问题。 聚酰亚胺, 简称 PI, 具有相近似的特性, 因此是它的替代材料。 聚苯硫醚, 简称 PPS, 英文名: Polyphenylene Sulfide,是一种耐高温热塑性聚合物。 它具有优异耐热性、耐蚀性、化学稳定性以及提高对金属和各种粉体、纤维的高粘附强度, 作为高温粘结剂是最佳的选择。 试验证明加入聚苯硫醚后的塑料摩擦层会改善疲劳强度和 减少出现的气穴现象, 但是聚苯硫醚先要作化学交联, 化学交联已是成熟技术, 通常需要 加入氟化镁等促进剂, 交联时间 20分钟。
芳纶纤维, 商品名为 kevlar (美国杜邦公司生产), 英文名: Aramid Fibre,是一种高 性能的有机纤维, 具有超高强度、 超高模量、 耐高温和比重轻等特点。 其强度比一般有机 纤维高 3倍以上, 模量是尼龙的 10倍, 涤纶的 9倍。 芳纶纤维具有良好的抗冲击和疲劳 性能、 良好的介电性、 化学稳定性、 低膨胀、 低导热、 不燃、 不熔等特点。 芳纶纤维填充 在 PTFE中可大大增强轴承的力学性能、 承载能力和摩擦磨损性能。
二硫化钼, 简称 MoS2,属于六方晶系的层状结构, 极易从层与层之间滑移, 所以具有 良好的自润滑性能, 它能较强地吸附在金属表面, 即使在摩擦时也不易破坏, 因此能承受 较高的负荷,资料表明, 2. 5 μ m厚的 MoS2薄膜,能承受 2800MPa以上的压力,同时经受 40m/s 的摩擦速度。 加入后明显改善摩擦磨损作用, 并减少轴承的起始磨损, 有时 MoS2可用石墨 替代。
从以上技术背景所述的传统使用的滑动轴承、 DU轴承充分说明人类在科学技术发展中 的进步。 本发明的主要目的是探索并发明自润滑轴承摩擦衬里层的无铅配方成份组成, 同 时使轴承的机械、 物理、 摩擦性能优于 DU轴承。 而最终目的是寻求一种三层复合无铅自 润滑轴承及其制造方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无铅自润滑轴承及其制作方法, 该无铅自润滑轴承, 不但 可在油介质润滑条件下工作, 耐腐蚀, 同时还可在润滑条件比较苛刻的少油甚至干摩擦状 态下工作, 特别是它不含铅和铅的化合物, 可以满足欧洲 R0HS 重金属及有害物质标准要 求的自润滑轴承, 可广泛应用在汽车、 食品、 制药、 家电、 饮料、 办公医用等机械制造业 中。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的: 这种无铅自润滑轴承, 它主要由金属基 板、 烧结于基板上面的球状多孔铜粉层和渗入并且覆盖铜粉层的减摩耐磨塑料层组成, 并采 用卷制工艺, 制造成滑动轴承; 其特征在于所述球形青铜粉中不含铅和摩擦层塑料配方中不 含铅; 所述减摩耐磨塑料层即轴承衬里层的聚合物材料组成, 以重量计为聚苯硫醚超细粉体 10〜20 %、 聚苯脂超细粉体 10〜20 %、 芳纶纤维 10〜20%, 纤维长度为 40〜120 μ m , 二 硫化钼超细粉体 6〜10 %, 其余为聚四氟乙烯超细粉体。
所述的金属基板为采用优质低碳钢制成的钢卷带, 钢卷带的宽度为 150〜300mm, 厚度 为 0. 25〜2. 70讓, 并在其表面进行镀铜, 镀铜层厚度在 4〜6 μ πι; 烧结在金属基板上的球 形铜粉牌号选为 CuSn8P或 CuSn10。
一种无铅自润滑轴承的制造方法, 该方法包括:
A、 选用牌号为 SAE1010或 SAE1008和 SPCC钢卷带作为金属基板;
B、 在钢卷带的金属基板上烧结一层球径为 60〜140 μ πι , 烧结厚度为 0. 25〜0. 40讓 的无铅球形青铜粉层;
C、 制作减摩耐磨层的可铺展糊状软体:
( 1 )聚苯硫醚化学交联, 因属已有公知成熟技术, 这里不再详细介绍;
(2)粉体与纤维配料, 按前述重量比例配粉料;
(3)搅拌, 将配比好的粉体与纤维混合并至少搅拌三次, 每次 5〜10分钟, 成为混合物, 搅拌机转速 2000〜4000r/min, 至少三次过筛, 筛目 100以上;
(4)制备可铺展软体, 将 1000克混合物粉体和 800克含固量 60 %的聚四氟乙烯乳液混 合, 在转速为 20〜60r/min搅拌机内搅拌 5〜10min, 环境温度适宜在 15〜25°C;
( 5 ) 为了使制成的糊状软体在球粉烧结带上铺辊的良好延展流动性, 粉体混合物和 聚四氟乙烯乳液在搅拌中还须适量加入 4〜6 %的乙醇, 使软体更稠软。
D、 铺轧, 将糊状软体在流水线上自动铺轧在二层复合多孔球粉带的铜粉层上, 使其一部 分渗入到多孔球形青铜粉孔隙内并留下一层衬里层覆盖在球粉板上, 以不露铜粉为宜, 覆盖 层的厚度通常为 0. 01〜0. 03mm, 特殊需要可加厚至 0. 20mm;
E、 烘干, 以 220-280°C烘 15-25分钟, 以聚四氟乙烯乳液中水份完全挥发为准;
F、 中轧, 烘干后的板材进行一次辊轧, 轧制量为 0. 015-0. 03mm, 以增加铜球粉孔隙中的 聚四氟乙烯密度和结合力;
G、 烧结, 在通道式氮气体保护烧结炉进行塑料摩擦层烧结, 先后经过预热、 加温、 保温 三个流程;烧结加热温度 380-390°C,总时间 15-25min,其中烧结预热温度的时间为 8〜10min, 为了使带材在烧结过程中不氧化,所以在炉道 中采用氮气作为保护气体,其纯度为 99. 9 %以 上, 不同烧结炉的流量以不氧化为最小流量;
H、 最终辊轧, 将烧结后的带料, 最终辊轧至成品板材要求, 最少轧下 0. 02mm以上;
I、 收卷, 将已完成的三层复合无铅自润滑成品带材整齐地收到收卷机上, 经捆扎固定后 卸下; J、 带料分切条料, 根据轴承规格要求, 对大批量产品应选用相应的三层复合无铅自润滑 卷材开卷分割成同一宽度或不同宽度的带材并卷成盘料;
κ、轴承制造, 按要求将分切成条的盘料在自动成型机上完成三层复合无铅自润滑轴承的 加工全过程; 对小批量产品, 不适宜在自动成型机上作业, 则可以按常规的卷制轴承制造工 艺, 采用常规设备分工序完成三层复合无铅自润滑轴承成品。
本发明在钢卷带的金属基板上烧结一层无铅球形青铜粉层, 其烧结炉采用通道式氢氮 混合气氛保护炉, 氢气为 50 %, 氮气为 50 %, 烧结时间在 880〜900°C中 8〜10分钟; 所 述的粉体与纤维配料过程中, 可视需要加入使轴承成品衬里层有一定色泽耐 400°C烧结的颜 料;
本发明对减摩耐磨塑料层的材料组成如上述作了进一步优化, 特别是增加了高性能的 有机纤维 kevlar, 使轴承的摩擦磨损、 疲劳强度、 承载能力得到了极大的提高。
本发明所述的金属基板采用钢卷带, 整个三层复合材料的制造流程全部实现流水作 业。 将从钢厂订购来的整卷钢带经镀铜后安装在放卷机上, 通过校平, 自动铺铜粉、 烧结 和轧制成为二层复合的多孔球粉带; 再经过自动铺轧呈软体状的减摩耐磨塑料层后烘干、 中轧、 烧结、 最终辊轧直到收卷, 就完成三层复合自润滑轴承材料流水生产的全过程。
按上述方法制成的三层复合自润滑无铅轴承, 商品命名为 CSB-50。
本发明克服了复合轴承摩擦塑料层因含铅而不宜在汽车 、 食品、 制药、 家电、 办公、 饮料等机械制造业中使用的缺点; 具有产品结构简单, 使用效果好, 使用寿命长, 制造工 艺简单、 合理等特点。 本发明 CSB-50三层复合无铅自润滑轴承与市场上的 DU轴承在相同 的三种试验工况下进行对比试验, 试验结果情况如下:
( 1 ) 在 M2000摩擦磨损试验机下对比 (F=196N, V=0. 4m/s, 时间 120分钟)
Figure imgf000005_0001
(2)在 MMU-12端面摩擦磨损试验机下对比 (干摩擦 P=8N/mm2, V=0. 2m/s, 时间 180 分钟)
轴承型号 摩擦系数 ( ) 温度 ( °C ) 磨损量 ( μ m) 市场上的 DU 0. 13 93 16 CSB-50 0.12 87 11
(3)超声波对 PTFE摩擦层失重试验
振动频率 20KHz, 振幅 50μπι, 介质: 水, 间隙 1.3讓, 时间 10分钟。
Figure imgf000006_0001
从以上三种不同的试验结果可见,无论哪种型式试验, CSB-50无铅自润滑轴承的摩擦 磨损性能都明显优于市场上的 DU轴承。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的工艺流程简图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作详细的介绍: 本发明主要由金属基板、 烧结 于基板上面的球状多孔铜粉层和渗入并且覆盖铜粉层的减摩耐磨塑料层组成, 并采用卷制工 艺, 制造成滑动轴承; 所述球形青铜粉中不含铅和摩擦层塑料配方中不含铅; 所述减摩耐磨 塑料层即轴承衬里层的聚合物材料组成, 以重量计为聚苯硫醚超细粉体 10〜20%、聚苯脂超 细粉体 10〜20%、 芳纶纤维 10〜20%, 纤维长度为 40〜120μπι , 二硫化钼超细粉体 6〜 10%, 其余为聚四氟乙烯超细粉体。
所述的金属基板为采用优质低碳钢制成的钢卷带, 钢卷带的宽度为 150〜300mm, 厚度 为 0.25〜2.70讓, 并在其表面进行镀铜, 镀铜层厚度在 4〜6μπι; 烧结在金属基板上的球 形铜粉牌号选为 CuSn8P或 CuSn10。
本发明所述的无铅自润滑轴承的制造方法, 其包括如下几道工序, 见附图 1所示:
A、 选用牌号为 SAE1010或 SAE1008和 SPCC钢卷带作为金属基板;
B、 在钢卷带的金属基板上烧结一层球径为 60〜140μπι , 烧结厚度为 0.25〜0.40讓 的无铅球形青铜粉层,烧结炉采用通道式氢氮混合气氛保护炉,氢气为 50%,氮气为 50%, 烧结时间在 880〜900°C中 8〜10分钟;
C、 制作减摩耐磨层的可铺展糊状软体:
(1)聚苯硫醚化学交联;
(2)粉体与纤维配料, 按前述重量比例配粉料, 并可视需要加入使轴承成品衬里层有一 定色泽耐 400°C烧结的颜料; (3)搅拌, 将配比好的粉体与纤维混合搅拌三次, 每次 5〜10分钟, 成为混合物, 搅拌 机转速 2000〜4000r/min, 三次过筛, 筛目 100以上;
(4)制备可铺展软体, 将 1000克混合物粉体和 800克含固量 60 %的聚四氟乙烯乳液混 合, 在转速为 20〜60r/min搅拌机内搅拌 5〜10min, 环境温度适宜在 15〜25°C;
( 5 ) 为了使制成的糊状软体在球粉烧结带上铺辊的良好延展流动性, 粉体混合物和 聚四氟乙烯乳液在搅拌中还须适量加入 4〜6 %的乙醇, 使软体更稠软。
D、 铺轧, 将糊状软体在流水线上自动铺轧在二层复合多孔球粉带的铜粉层上, 使其一部 分渗入到多孔球形青铜粉孔隙内并留下一层衬里层覆盖在球粉板上, 以不露铜粉为宜, 覆盖 层的厚度通常为 0. 01〜0. 03mm, 特殊需要可加厚至 0. 20mm;
E、 烘干, 以 220-280°C烘 15-25分钟, 以聚四氟乙烯乳液中水份完全挥发为准;
F、 中轧, 烘干后的板材进行一次辊轧, 轧制量为 0. 015-0. 03mm, 以增加铜球粉孔隙中的 聚四氟乙烯密度和结合力;
G、 烧结, 在通道式氮气体保护烧结炉进行塑料摩擦层烧结, 先后经过预热、 加温、 保温 三个流程;烧结加热温度 380-390°C,总时间 15-25min,其中烧结预热温度的时间为 8〜10min, 为了使带材在烧结过程中不氧化,所以在炉道 中采用氮气作为保护气体,其纯度为 99. 9 %以 上, 不同烧结炉的流量以不氧化为最小流量;
H、 最终辊轧, 将烧结后的带料, 最终辊轧至成品板材要求, 最少轧下 0. 02mm以上;
I、 收卷, 将已完成的三层复合无铅自润滑成品带材整齐地收到收卷机上, 经捆扎固定后 卸下;
J、 带料分切条料, 根据轴承规格要求, 对大批量产品应选用相应的三层复合无铅自润滑 卷材开卷分割成同一宽度或不同宽度的带材并卷成盘料;
K、轴承制造, 按要求将分切成条的盘料在自动成型机上完成三层复合无铅自润滑轴承的 加工全过程; 对小批量产品, 不适宜在自动成型机上作业, 则可以按常规的卷制轴承制造工 艺, 采用常规设备分工序完成三层复合无铅自润滑轴承成品。
本发明在具体实施时, 其中优选数据如下:
材料配方按重量比聚苯硫醚粉体 10-15 % ;聚苯脂粉体 10-15 % ;芳纶纤维 15〜20 %; 二硫化钼 7-8 % ; 其余为聚四氟乙烯粉体。
烘干湿度 250-280°C, 烘 15-25分钟, 视 PTFE乳液中的水份完全发挥的最佳点。 烧结时, 在氮气保护烧结炉中进行, 烧结温度 380-390°C, 烧结时间 10-20分钟, 氮 气纯度 99. 9 %以上。针对不同烧结炉,其氮气流量、压力亦不同。 以钢基板不氧化为最佳。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种无铅自润滑轴承, 它主要由金属基板、 烧结于基板上面的球状多孔铜粉层和渗入 并且覆盖铜粉层的减摩耐磨塑料层组成, 并采用卷制工艺, 制造成滑动轴承; 其特征在于所 述球形青铜粉中不含铅和摩擦层塑料配方中不含铅; 所述减摩耐磨塑料层即轴承衬里层的聚 合物材料组成, 以重量计为聚苯硫醚超细粉体 10〜20 %、 聚苯脂超细粉体 10〜20 %、 芳纶 纤维 10〜20 %, 纤维长度为 40〜120 μ πι , 二硫化钼超细粉体 6〜10 %, 其余为聚四氟乙烯 超细粉体。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的无铅自润滑轴承, 其特征在于所述的金属基板为采用优质低 碳钢制成的钢卷带, 钢卷带的宽度为 150〜300mm, 厚度为 0. 25〜2. 70mm, 并在其表面进 行镀铜, 镀铜层厚度在 4〜6 μ πι; 烧结在金属基板上的球形铜粉牌号选为 CuSn8P或 CuSn10。
3、 一种如权利要求 1或 2所述的无铅自润滑轴承的制造方法, 其特征在于:
A、 选用牌号为 SAE1010或 SAE1008和 SPCC钢卷带作为金属基板;
B、 在钢卷带的金属基板上烧结一层球径为 60〜140 μ πι , 烧结厚度为 0. 25〜0. 40讓 的无铅球形青铜粉层;
C、 制作减摩耐磨层的可铺展糊状软体:
( 1 )聚苯硫醚化学交联;
(2)粉体与纤维配料, 按前述重量比例配粉料;
(3)搅拌, 将配比好的粉体与纤维混合并至少搅拌三次, 每次 5〜10分钟, 成为混合物, 搅拌机转速 2000〜4000r/min, 至少三次过筛, 筛目 100以上;
(4)制备可铺展软体, 将 1000克混合物粉体和 800克含固量 60 %的聚四氟乙烯乳液混 合, 在转速为 20〜60r/min搅拌机内搅拌 5〜10min, 环境温度适宜在 15〜25°C;
( 5 ) 粉体混合物和聚四氟乙烯乳液在搅拌中还须适量加入 4〜6 %的乙醇;
D、 铺轧, 将糊状软体在流水线上自动铺轧在二层复合多孔球粉带的铜粉层上, 使其一部 分渗入到多孔球形青铜粉孔隙内并留下一层衬里层覆盖在球粉板上, 以不露铜粉为宜, 覆盖 层的厚度通常为 0. 01〜0. 03mm, 特殊需要可加厚至 0. 20mm;
E、 烘干, 以 220-280°C烘 15-25分钟, 以聚四氟乙烯乳液中水份完全挥发为准;
F、 中轧, 烘干后的板材进行一次辊轧, 轧制量为 0. 015-0. 03讓;
G、 烧结, 在通道式氮气体保护烧结炉进行塑料摩擦层烧结, 先后经过预热、 加温、 保温 三个流程;烧结加热温度 380-390°C,总时间 15-25min,其中烧结预热温度的时间为 8〜10min;
-1- 在炉道中采用氮气作为保护气体, 其纯度为 99. 9 %以上, 不同烧结炉的流量以不氧化为最小 流量;
H、 最终辊轧, 将烧结后的带料, 最终辊轧至成品板材要求, 最少轧下 0. 02mm以上;
I、 收卷, 将已完成的三层复合无铅自润滑成品带材整齐地收到收卷机上, 经捆扎固定后 卸下;
J、 带料分切条料, 根据轴承规格要求, 对大批量产品应选用相应的三层复合无铅自润滑 卷材开卷分割成同一宽度或不同宽度的带材并卷成盘料;
K、轴承制造, 按要求将分切成条的盘料在自动成型机上完成三层复合无铅自润滑轴承的 加工全过程; 对小批量产品, 不适宜在自动成型机上作业, 则可以按常规的卷制轴承制造工 艺, 采用常规设备分工序完成三层复合无铅自润滑轴承成品。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的无铅自润滑轴承的制造方法, 其特征在于: 在钢卷带的金属 基板上烧结一层无铅球形青铜粉层, 其烧结炉采用通道式氢氮混合气氛保护炉, 氢气为 50 % ,氮气为 50 %,烧结时间在 880〜900°C中 8〜10分钟;所述的粉体与纤维配料过程中, 可视需要加入使轴承成品衬里层有一定色泽耐 400°C烧结的颜料。
-2-
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EP2727653A1 (en) 2012-10-31 2014-05-07 Technymon Tecnology Europe SpA Device to settle an uniform layer of powder on a metallic layer

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CN106166663A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-11-30 嘉善凯蒂滑动轴承有限公司 卷制轴套加工方法
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CN102553806A (zh) * 2011-12-27 2012-07-11 上海埃尔特压缩空气系统工程有限公司 一种干螺杆压缩机防腐层喷涂工艺
CN102553806B (zh) * 2011-12-27 2014-03-12 上海英格索兰压缩机有限公司 一种干螺杆压缩机防腐层喷涂工艺
EP2727653A1 (en) 2012-10-31 2014-05-07 Technymon Tecnology Europe SpA Device to settle an uniform layer of powder on a metallic layer

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