WO2008087009A1 - Élément profilé servant de structure portante pour la construction de murs - Google Patents

Élément profilé servant de structure portante pour la construction de murs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008087009A1
WO2008087009A1 PCT/EP2008/000260 EP2008000260W WO2008087009A1 WO 2008087009 A1 WO2008087009 A1 WO 2008087009A1 EP 2008000260 W EP2008000260 W EP 2008000260W WO 2008087009 A1 WO2008087009 A1 WO 2008087009A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
profile element
braces
profile
bridge region
support
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/000260
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alfons Jean Knauf
Original Assignee
Knauf Insaat Ve Yapi Elemanlari Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Knauf Insaat Ve Yapi Elemanlari Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. filed Critical Knauf Insaat Ve Yapi Elemanlari Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.
Priority to EP08701116.9A priority Critical patent/EP2106487B1/fr
Priority to DK08701116.9T priority patent/DK2106487T3/en
Priority to EA200900916A priority patent/EA014816B1/ru
Publication of WO2008087009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008087009A1/fr
Priority to EG2009071085A priority patent/EG25165A/xx
Priority to TNP2009000301A priority patent/TN2009000301A1/fr
Priority to MA32167A priority patent/MA31184B1/fr
Priority to HRP20171253TT priority patent/HRP20171253T1/hr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/32—Columns; Pillars; Struts of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0473—U- or C-shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a profile element to serve as a carrier structure for the construction of walls, in particular walls consisting of gypsum plaster boards, said profile element comprising at least one bridge region and at least one flange region, such that the at least one flange region additionally comprises fixation means that can be brought into engagement with wall segments, in particular gypsum plaster boards or the like.
  • a profile element of this kind is known in principle in the state of the art, for the construction of, e.g., lightweight double partition walls.
  • Such partition walls as a rule consist of two or more gypsum plaster boards that are connected to one another with an insulating layer, preferably made of mineral fibres or the like, disposed between them.
  • an insulating layer preferably made of mineral fibres or the like, disposed between them.
  • a profile element is provided to serve as the actual carrier structure of the partition wall, by means of which most of the forces imposed on the partition wall are diverted away.
  • Such profile elements as a rule are vertically oriented supporting components, which absorb and transmit forces mainly in the direction of their long axis.
  • These profile elements can in principle be made of any of the building materials that are sufficiently resistant to pressure. In the building trade the materials mainly employed are wood or metal, e.g. aluminium.
  • the carrying capacity of a profile element depends in particular on the stability of the chosen material, the cross-sectional dimensions and shape, the length or height of the profile element, and the characteristics of the bearings at their ends (rotation permitted or prevented). Other factors that crucially affect the carrying capacity of a profile element are geometric imperfections, for example slanted positions, distortions, twisting or the like. Customarily so-called C or U profiles are used as profile elements, i.e.
  • profile elements that comprise a bridge region to take up transverse forces and two flange regions, which as a rule are disposed at right angles to the bridge region and serve to take up moments of flexion. It is to these flange regions that the wall segments, for instance gypsum plaster boards or the like, are screwed, riveted, nailed or fastened by some other means.
  • the conventional profile elements must however be so arranged, in particular with respect to their cross-sectional dimensions, that the planned loading will with adequate reliability not cause the wall construction to fail, i.e. break down or be bent away.
  • partial safety factors to ensure that the profile elements will remain useful even in extreme cases.
  • profile elements employed as carrier structure for the construction of in particular high partition walls must be correspondingly strongly dimensioned, which distinctly increases the overall weight of the partition wall and also the costs of such a partition wall.
  • the present invention is directed to the problem that it has not previously been possible for profile elements that are to be used as carrier structure for the construction of walls, in particular lightweight partition walls, to be made with minimal weight, because the static calculation of the forces, tensions and deformations that will be imposed on such a wall construction demands overdimensioning of, in particular, the profile elements.
  • the present invention is directed to the technical objective of disclosing a profile element to serve as carrier structure for the construction of walls, of the kind cited at the outset, which is made light in weight with no negative influence on the static properties, in particular the stiffness and stability of the profile element and hence, in a broader sense, of the wall construction.
  • the profile element should still ensure the performance capability determined by static calculation as previously.
  • a profile element of the kind cited at the outset incorporates, firstly, a bridge region comprising at least two support braces oriented substantially in the long direction of the profile, by way of which forces acting on the profile are taken up and transmitted away.
  • the bridge region further comprises a plurality of connecting braces, each of which is disposed between the support braces and mechanically connected to at least two support braces in such a way that by way of the connecting braces, the torsion forces acting on the profile element can be taken up without hindrance and transmitted to the associated support braces.
  • the solution according to the invention is thus distinguished by the fact that a profile element such as is used for conventional wall construction is replaced by a specially designed moulded part that, because of structural features, conducts all forces impinging on the profile element directly into the support braces that run in the longitudinal direction of the profile, as a result of which the properties of this component are the same even though the thickness of the wall is less.
  • the bridge region of the profile element comprises at least two support braces that are oriented in the long direction of the profile and serve to transmit forces, so that in the long direction of the profile almost all forces are taken up and transmitted away by the support braces.
  • the longitudinal stability of the profile element is determined substantially by the dimensioning and the number of the support braces extending on the long direction of the profile. Because in contrast to a conventional profile element, force is no longer transmitted by the entire bridge region, in the solution according to the invention it is no longer necessary for the entire bridge to be dimensioned accordingly, which results in a saving of material. Furthermore, the provision of support braces extending in the long direction of the profile makes it possible for the course followed by the forces that are transmitted away by the profile element to be determined precisely in advance.
  • the connecting braces it is provided that at least some of the several connecting braces are set at an acute angle to the support braces.
  • acute angle should be understood to include every angle between 0° and (including) 90°.
  • at least a proportion of the connecting braces form such an angle with the support braces.
  • This arrangement ensures optimal force transmission as is known, for example, from trellis technology.
  • the angle enclosed between the connecting braces and the support braces amounts to approximately 45°. In this case, the profile element exhibits an optimal transverse stability.
  • the plurality of connecting braces is uniformly and regularly disposed along the profile.
  • this preferred embodiment makes it possible for the length of the profile element to be made shorter, depending on the requirements of the current application, regardless of the pattern of connecting braces provided in the bridge region.
  • the regular arrangement of the connecting braces offers the added advantage that with this profile element a direction-independent transmission of force is always ensured.
  • both the connecting braces and the support braces are formed by rolling in the bridge region of the profile element.
  • This "roll forming" of profiles is a continuous bending method in which wall material made of sheet metal is shaped by stepwise passage through a number of paired rollers, until the desired final cross section has been reached. It is an especially economical manufacturing procedure when relatively large lengths or large quantities are to be produced. Of course, however, other manufacturing procedures can also be considered.
  • the plurality of support braces includes one central support brace disposed in the middle of the bridge region which, being situated in the surface cross section of the bridge region, forms the long axis of the profile.
  • the support braces and connecting braces have substantially the same widths, which on the whole simplifies the layout, i.e. design, of the profile element.
  • the support braces e.g. altogether, to have a greater width than the connecting braces.
  • the flange region comprises a plurality of flange sections adjacent to one another, each of which is mechanically connected to the bridge region.
  • the bridge region comprises at least one preferably V-shaped groove that is oriented in the long direction and, given an appropriate design, serves as a absorbing means.
  • profile elements so-called C or U profiles, double-T profiles, Z profiles or the like can be considered.
  • Fig. 1 a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the profile element in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2a a cross section along the line IIA-IIA in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 2b a cross section along the line IIB-IIB in Fig.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the profile element 1 in accordance with the invention.
  • the illustrated embodiment is a C or U profile, the invention is not limited to a special basic profile shape of this kind.
  • the profile element 1 consists of a bridge region 2 and at least one flange region 3.
  • a total of two flange regions 3 are provided, each of which projects substantially orthogonally away from the bridge region 2.
  • the flange regions 3 further comprise fixation means 4, for instance fixation holes, which can be brought into engagement with wall segments not explicitly shown in Fig. 1 , in particular gypsum plaster boards or the like.
  • each of the outer regions 2' of the bridge region 2 there are two support braces 5 with a somewhat greater width, while the support brace 5' disposed in the middle of the bridge region 2, i.e. the central support brace, is correspondingly less wide.
  • the dimensions of each of the support braces 5, 5' depend in particular on the intended use of the profile element 1. In particular, however, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • All of the support braces 5, 5' are connected to one another by connecting braces 7 disposed at an angle. It is evident that the connecting braces 7 are disposed uniformly and regularly over the length of the profile, and in particular are symmetrical with respect to the support braces 5, 5'. These connecting braces 7 serve to transmit to the associated support braces 5, 5' transverse forces that act on the profile element 1.
  • the profile element 1 in accordance with the invention is preferably produced by a roll-forming method. Accordingly, it can be seen that in such a case the support braces 5, the central support brace 5' and the connecting braces 7 each occupy a common plane, whereas the triangular region enclosed by the central support brace 5' and the associated connecting braces 7 lies in another plane.
  • other manufacturing procedures can also of course be considered.
  • the indent depth is between 0.5 and 1.2 of the thickness of the material being used to make the profile element 1 , more preferable to be approximately in the order of the thickness of the material being used to make the profile element.
  • the indent depth — or the offset between the two planes — is between 0,5 and 1,2 of the thickness of the support braces 5 and/or the central support brace 5' and/or the connecting brace 7.
  • the plane in which the support brace 5, central support brace 5' and connecting brace 7 lies is approximately the thickness of the material above the plane in which the triangular indents lie.
  • a profile element 1 which has the support brace 5, central support brace 5' and connecting brace 7 formed by means of indenting the material of the bridge region 2, rather than removal of sections of the profile element 1.
  • the braces lead to an increase in the strength of the profile element 1 in general, in particular by directing the stresses along predefined channels.
  • the overall strength of the profile element 1 is further improved.
  • material between the braces 5, 5' and 7 will add to the general strength of the profile element 1 , in particular to certain stresses which are not necessarily directed along the lengths of each of the braces 5, 5' and 7.
  • the profile element 1 is likely to be subjected to a twisting motion or moment, which is directed around the longitudinal axis of the profile element 1. That is, according to the figures, and in particular Figure 1, the twisting motion arises if one end of the profile element 1 were to be rotated in the clockwise or anticlockwise direction in relation to the other end, which is maintained in the same position.
  • the twisting motion arises if one end of the profile element 1 were to be rotated in the clockwise or anticlockwise direction in relation to the other end, which is maintained in the same position.
  • the bridge region 2 will respond with a more elastic type deformation to, which will tend to absorb the momentary stress applied by attaching the wall pieces thereto, rather than being bent and permanently deformed.
  • the indenting of the interstitial regions leads to an increase in the strength of the profile element 1.
  • the compression strength of the bridge region 2 taken in the direction joining the two flange regions 3 is increased by maintaining the triangular sections between the braces 5, 5' and 7. If the sections between the braces 5, 5' and 7 were removed, force applied along the plane of the bridge region 2 in the direction between the flange regions 3, or roughly in such a direction, could lead to deformation of the braces 5, 5' and 7, in particular the connecting braces 7, if the interstitial triangular regions are removed. By maintaining these indented portions, the compression strength is improved, as the braces 5, 5' and 7, in particular the connecting braces 7, are much less likely to be deformed by a compressive force.
  • the profile element 1 With the great improvement to the strength of the profile element 1 as a result of the indent portions rather than specifically removing portions, it is possible to use a thinner material to manufacture the profile element 1.
  • the necessary strength requirements of the profile element 1 can be more readily achieved with a thinner material, by structuring this with the support brace 5, central support brace 5' and connecting braces 7 wherein indented portions of the bridge region 2 remain there-between.
  • this reduces the general cost of the profile element 1.
  • Further cost reduction is achieved by means of producing the braces 5, 5' and 7 by the technique of roll pressing, rather than having to actively remove sections of the material to form the brace 5, 5' and 7 pattern.
  • a particularly advantageous structure for the patterning of the indented triangle regions can be seen in the figures.
  • This pattern relates to the use of right-angled isosceles triangles. These right-angled isosceles triangles are positioned either side of the central support brace 5', and alternate in their orientation along the longitudinal direction. As can be seen in the figures, two of the right-angled isosceles triangles are oriented lying adjacent to each other either side of the central support brace 5', with one pair opposing each other with their hypotenuse, and the next adjacent pair opposing each other with the right-angle. This pattern repeats along the whole length of the profile element 1, to form the brace 5, 5' and 7 structure.
  • a preferable thickness of the material used for forming the profile element (1) is between 0,3 mm and 0,8 mm, preferably between 0,4 mm and 0,6 mm.
  • the offset between the plane of the indents and the plane of the support braces 5, 5' and the connecting braces 7 can be between 0,2 mm and 0,96 mm, preferably around 0,3 mm to 0,4 mm.
  • the material connecting the main plane of the support braces 5, 5' and the connecting braces 7 and the second plane of the indents is formed as a connecting slope 9, the slope extending over a length between 0,5 mm and 2 mm, preferably of around 1 mm.
  • the solution in accordance with the invention is not limited to the especially preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • the profile element 1 it would of course also be conceivable for the profile element 1 to comprise more than three support braces 5, 5'. It is further conceivable that the support braces 5 provided at the two side edges 2' of the bridge region 2 may be of thinner dimensions than the central support brace 5'. It is also possible to do without the V-shaped groove 6 in one or more of the support braces
  • connecting braces 7 to be disposed at angles other than ca. 45° with respect to the support braces 5, 5', for example under 90°.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément profilé (1) conçu pour servir de structure portante pour la construction de murs. Ledit élément profilé (1) comprend au moins une zone transversale (2) et au moins une zone de rebord (3). Le but de l'invention est d'offrir un élément profilé (1) léger dans lequel les exigences statiques continuent à être satisfaites comme auparavant. Ainsi, la zone transversale (2) comprend au moins deux entretoises de support (5, 5') sensiblement orientées dans le sens de la longueur du profilé, au moyen desquelles les forces agissant sur l'élément profilé (1) sont absorbées et diffusées dans le sens de la longueur du profilé. Par ailleurs, la zone transversale (2) comprend en outre une pluralité de croisillons (7) qui sont disposés entre les entretoises de support (5, 5') et reliés mécaniquement à au moins deux entretoises de support (5, 5') de manière à absorber les forces de torsion et à les transmettre aux entretoises de support associées (5, 5').
PCT/EP2008/000260 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 Élément profilé servant de structure portante pour la construction de murs WO2008087009A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08701116.9A EP2106487B1 (fr) 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 Élément profilé servant de structure portante pour la construction de murs
DK08701116.9T DK2106487T3 (en) 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 PROFILE ELEMENT AS CARRIAGE CONSTRUCTION FOR BUILDING WALLS
EA200900916A EA014816B1 (ru) 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 Профиль, применяемый в качестве элемента каркаса для сооружения стен
EG2009071085A EG25165A (en) 2007-01-15 2009-07-14 Profile elements as carrier structure for the consstruction of walls.
TNP2009000301A TN2009000301A1 (en) 2007-01-15 2009-07-15 Profile element as carrier structure for the construction of walls
MA32167A MA31184B1 (fr) 2007-01-15 2009-08-12 Élément profilé servant de structure portante pour la construction de murs.
HRP20171253TT HRP20171253T1 (hr) 2007-01-15 2017-08-16 Element profila kao nosiva struktura za gradnju zidova

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EPPCT/EP07/000300 2007-01-15
PCT/EP2007/000300 WO2008086818A1 (fr) 2007-01-15 2007-01-15 Élément profilé comme structure porteuse pour la construction de parois

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008087009A1 true WO2008087009A1 (fr) 2008-07-24

Family

ID=38442008

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/000300 WO2008086818A1 (fr) 2007-01-15 2007-01-15 Élément profilé comme structure porteuse pour la construction de parois
PCT/EP2008/000260 WO2008087009A1 (fr) 2007-01-15 2008-01-15 Élément profilé servant de structure portante pour la construction de murs

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/000300 WO2008086818A1 (fr) 2007-01-15 2007-01-15 Élément profilé comme structure porteuse pour la construction de parois

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2106487B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2106487T3 (fr)
EA (1) EA014816B1 (fr)
EG (1) EG25165A (fr)
HR (1) HRP20171253T1 (fr)
MA (1) MA31184B1 (fr)
TN (1) TN2009000301A1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2008086818A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013092910A1 (fr) 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Delica Ag Capsule, système et procédé de préparation d'une boisson
WO2015070919A1 (fr) 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Knauf Gips Kg Procédé pour produire un élément de profilé renforcé
WO2015070921A1 (fr) 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Knauf Gips Kg Système de paroi à deux couches et élément de profilé pour un système de paroi à deux couches
WO2015070920A1 (fr) 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Knauf Gips Kg Élément profilé permettant de supporter au moins une cloison murale, en particulier au moins une cloison sèche en placoplâtre
US11927009B2 (en) 2017-05-24 2024-03-12 Saint-Gobain Placo Corrugated construction element
USD1021151S1 (en) 2021-04-26 2024-04-02 Jaimes Industries, Inc. Framing member

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011020093A2 (fr) 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Dmfcwbs, Llc Elément d'ossature structural amélioré
USD751222S1 (en) 2010-08-16 2016-03-08 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Framing member
USD751733S1 (en) 2010-08-16 2016-03-15 Clark Western Dietrich Building Systems Llc Framing member
IT201800004060A1 (it) * 2018-03-29 2019-09-29 Eclisse Srl Metodo per l’ottenimento di un profilo verticale od orizzontale per la interconnessione a pareti in cartongesso ed il relativo metodo per il suo ottenimento
RU196497U1 (ru) * 2019-10-24 2020-03-03 Вячеслав Александрович Гринько Перфорированная балка-ферма
RU2744549C1 (ru) * 2020-06-25 2021-03-11 Александр Игоревич Павлов Несущие элементы для металлокаркаса (варианты).

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EP2985240A1 (fr) 2011-12-21 2016-02-17 Delica AG Capsule et système pour la préparation d'une boisson
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EA014816B1 (ru) 2011-02-28
TN2009000301A1 (en) 2010-12-31
EP2106487A1 (fr) 2009-10-07
EP2106487B1 (fr) 2017-05-31
EG25165A (en) 2011-10-02
HRP20171253T1 (hr) 2017-10-20
MA31184B1 (fr) 2010-02-01
DK2106487T3 (en) 2017-09-11
WO2008086818A1 (fr) 2008-07-24
EA200900916A1 (ru) 2009-12-30

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