WO2008074043A2

WO2008074043A2 - System for using an up-draught and use of such a system

Info

Publication number: WO2008074043A2
Application number: PCT/AT2007/000572
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alois Penz
Original assignee: Alois Penz
Priority date: 2006-12-21
Filing date: 2007-12-19
Publication date: 2008-06-26
Also published as: WO2008074043A3; AT504692A1; AT504692B1; EP2102500A2

Abstract

A system for using an up-draught comprises a tubular up-draught tower (4) having a height difference, and a translucent collector roof (1) which extends in a planar manner adjoining and at least partially surrounding the up-draught tower (4) and defines an air space (150) linked to the up-draught tower (4). An insulating layer (58) which reduces transfer of heat into the underlying surface (31) is provided on the underlying surface (31) surrounding the collector roof (1). Furthermore, sensors (36) are provided for measuring the moisture content of the air in the air flow in the air space (150). The system can advantageously be used to produce current, to obtain drinking water and salt and also to produce rain.

Description

Plant for the use of updraft and use of such a plant

The invention relates to a plant for the use of updraft, comprising a height difference having a tubular Aufwindkamin and a translucent collector roof, which then extends to the updraft chimney and at least partially surrounding area and defines an air chimney associated with the air space, and the use of such a system for Generation of energy, production of rain, desalination of seawater and extraction of salt and collection of rainwater.

Aufwindanlagen are known in many forms for a long time. For example, from DE 29 31 349 Al a solar thermal power plant emerges, which has a transparent collector canopy, a chimney and a vertical wind utilization. The soil located under the canopy can itself be used as an absorber, which, for example, at night emits its heat back to the working medium.

From DE 40 36 658 Al, a method and a system of the type described above for the production of drinking water from salt water by means of a solar updraft system is clear, which consists of a chimney pipe and a large-area solar panel. Moisture in the form of evaporated and / or sprayed seawater is supplied to the updraft.

A disadvantage of DE 40 36 658 Al is in particular that the increase in the humidity of the updraft through the chimney is largely left to the external weather conditions without being specifically influenced. This is at the expense of efficiency and, accordingly, the profitability of the system.

The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a system which eliminates the disadvantages of the known systems and a more efficient flow through the updraft chimney and improved efficiency of the system even with reduced solar radiation, unfavorable wind conditions, changing air pressure, etc. achieved.

The object is achieved by a system of the type described above, by providing a heat transfer into the ground down insulting insulating layer on the surface surrounding the collector roof, and wherein further in the air flow in the Air space sensors are provided for measuring the moisture content of the air.

The insulating layer thereby ensures particularly efficient heating of the air passing over and entering the air space below the collector roof, thereby increasing the efficiency of the installation. The sensors measure the moisture content of the air in the air space below the collector roof and thus provide information about the conditions under which the system can be optimally operated.

Further advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plant for the use of updraft, which comprises a difference in height having a tubular Aufwindkamin and wherein on the Aufwindkamin surrounding substrate is provided a heat transfer into the ground reducing insulating layer, the lower opening of the updraft fireplace directly connects to the free environment, and preferably wherein sensors are provided for measuring the moisture content of the air in the air stream in the region of the updraft chimney.

The plant is preferably used for the generation of rainfall. Advantageously, the construction of a collector roof surrounding the updraft chimney can be avoided, which on the one hand reduces the high space requirement of such and, on the other hand, reduces the costs for the construction of such a system.

Another object of the invention is to provide a plant for the use of updraft, which comprises a translucent collector roof, which extends over a plane and defines an air space. On the subsurface surrounding the collector roof, there is provided an insulating layer which reduces the heat transfer into the ground, wherein an opening leading out into the air is provided in the collector roof for air discharge, and sensors are preferably provided for measuring the moisture content of the air in the air stream in the air space.

Advantageously, the erection of a Aufwindkamins can be avoided on or in the collector roof, which on the one hand reduces the susceptibility of the building to wind and on the other hand, the cost of the establishment of such a system. Another object of the system according to the invention is the use of such a system for generating electrical energy by the arranged under the updraft duct generator is driven by the turbine driven by the updraft.

Furthermore, the inventively designed plant for generating rain is suitable by the humidity of the updraft is increased by atomizing water in the vicinity of the system and / or at the top of the updraft chimney.

Another object of erfmdungsgemäß configured system lies in the desalination of sea water and / or the extraction of salt by evaporation of salt water to the baffles, the substrate and / or an insulating layer.

The plant may be further advantageously used to collect rainwater by collecting and draining rainwater from the collector roof by means of a gutter or by collecting and draining rainwater from an insulating layer in cisterns in the region of an insulating layer.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in detail in the figures and explained in more detail in the following description. In the figures show:

1 shows a first embodiment of an inventively designed system in a schematic side, partially sectioned view,

2 shows a section through the system according to FIG. 1 along the section A-A in FIG. 1,

3 is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 1,

4 is a plan view of a second embodiment of an inventively designed system,

Fig. 5 is a side partially sectioned view of a third

Exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system on a mountain slope, 6 is a side partially sectioned view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system with an additional downcomer,

7 is a side partially sectioned view of a fifth exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system with an additional downcomer,

Fig. 8 is a section through the embodiment of FIG. 7 along the in FIG.

7 with B - B designated cutting guide,

9 is a side view of a sixth exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system with a lockable Aufwindkamin,

10 is a plan view of a seventh exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system,

11 shows a section through the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10 along the in FIG

10 with C - C marked Schnittfuhrung,

FIG. 12 shows a schematic side view of a collector roof construction for installations designed according to the invention along the line labeled D - D in FIG. 2, FIG.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of an inventively designed

Plant co-operating saltwater thermal pool,

14 is a plan view of an eighth embodiment of an inventively designed system,

FIG. 15 shows a section through the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 14 along the in FIG

14 with E - E designated cutting guide,

16 is a plan view of a ninth embodiment of an inventively designed system, 17 shows a schematic side view of a collector roof construction for rainwater collecting systems designed according to the invention along the line designated F-F in FIG. 16, FIG.

18 is a plan view of a tenth embodiment of an inventively designed system,

19 shows a section through the embodiment according to FIG. 18 along the in FIG

18 with G - G designated cutting guide,

20 is a plan view of an eleventh exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system,

21 shows a section through the embodiment according to FIG. 20 along the in FIG

20 with H - H designated cutting guide,

22 is a plan view of a twelfth exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system,

FIG. 23 shows a section through the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 22 along the in FIG

22 with J - J designated cutting guide,

24 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an inventively designed system in a design for generating rain with a blower,

25 shows a section through the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 24 along the in FIG

24 with K - K marked Schnittfuhrung,

26 shows a section through the fan of the exemplary embodiment of a system designed according to the invention according to FIGS. 24 and 25 along the section line indicated by L - L in FIG. 25, and FIG

Fig. 27 in the same view as Fig. 26 is a section through another

Embodiment of a blower. The mode of operation of a system designed according to the invention is explained below in principle with reference to FIG. 1, before going into detail on the special features of the individual exemplary embodiments.

The operation of a Aufwindanlage is known per se. The sun heats the ambient air and water, which is sprayed under a large, open at the edge, translucent collector roof 1. The collector roof 1 can be partially or completely thermally insulated.

Due to the resulting difference in density between the warm moist air under the collector roof 1 and the colder air in the environment, the warm moist air flows into a Aufwindkamin 4, which may also be partially or completely thermally insulated, and rises in this high. The humidity is thereby increased the evaporation of the sprayed water. In Aufwindkamin 4 at least one turbine 3 is arranged, which are driven by the air flow, and coupled to at least one generator 2. In this case, electrical energy is provided to supply the aggregates and possibly fed into a power grid 20. In Aufwindkamin 4 at least one capacitor 8 is installed. The condenser 8 cools the warm humid air, this separates distilled water, which is collected in a condensate collection 7 and is available for further use. With a turbine 16, the potential energy of the condensed water 7 can be used. The turbine 16 drives a generator 18, which provides electrical current 19.

In a cooling circuit 28 of the condenser 8 normal water is present. However, any other usable medium can be used instead of normal water. The water used in the present case is circulated by a circulation pump 27. The cooling circuit 28 ensures an increase in the humidity of the updraft. The cooling of at least one arranged in the cooling circuit 28 heat exchanger 24 is preferably carried out by cold salt water. The heat exchanger 24 may be provided at least twice for cleaning and maintenance reasons, wherein the units may be connected in parallel.

The seawater, salty well or brackish water, which is taken from a reservoir 21 and used to cool the heat exchanger 24 and the condenser 8, is sucked by a pump 23, passed through the heat exchanger 24 and via a pipe 26 back to the reservoir 21st or the sea, well or brackish water returned. For environmental and / or energy use reasons, the salt water of the Pipeline 26 are also used for salt production, energy production, such as by means of a heat pump, a Stirling engine, etc. or for a Salzwassertherme 108.

By at least one solar panel 25, the salt water temperature in the pipe 26 can be increased. At least one solar collector 25 may be provided twice for cleaning and maintenance reasons, wherein the units may be connected in parallel.

The salt water to be sprayed is sucked in by a pump 11, heated by at least one solar collector 12 and sprayed by water atomizer 6 on baffles 5, which may be black, for example, and the substrate 31, which may also be black and in addition partially or completely thermally insulated. In this case, just as many water atomizers 6 are provided that the air after leaving the collector roof 1 is saturated with approximately 100% moisture. The at least one solar panel 12 may be provided twice for cleaning and maintenance reasons, wherein the units may be connected in parallel.

The water atomizers 6 preferably operate in an operating range which covers a realistic average between operating time and cleaning intervals.

Accordingly, since the amount of condensate to be recovered increases in proportion to the chimney air temperature, since warm air may contain proportionally more water than cold, it is desirable to maintain the chimney air temperature as high as possible, e.g. at 99 to 100% relative humidity. This is measured by at least one air temperature, humidity and air velocity sensor 9, which is located at the outlet of the collector roof 1 or at the foot of the updraft chimney 4 and regulated by the at least one pump 11, at least one valve 37 and the water atomizer 6. If the air temperature and humidity sensors 9 measure a rapid increase in relative humidity to 100%, the amount of sprayed water is regulated or reduced. If more water is sprayed than can evaporate, the chimney air temperature lowers, which in turn reduces the condensate recovery.

The water atomizers 6 are controlled by the valves 37 and controlled by a controller 38 and at least one air temperature, humidity and water drop sensor 36. The water drop formation sensor 36 functions, for example, as in known sensors of a motor vehicle windshield wiper system. The controller 38 is connected to the at least one pump 11, valve 37, air temperature, humidity and water drop formation sensor 36 and air temperature, humidity and air velocity sensor 9 via lines 62, 60, 61 and 10. The at least one pump 11 is controlled and regulated by the controller 38.

The water atomizers 6 are set so that they do not spray the bottom of the collector roof 1 or almost not. If necessary, the underside of the collector roof 1 can be cleaned.

In order to achieve an optimal water droplet distribution on the ground 31 and on the baffles 5, one can charge the water atomizer 6 and the sprayed water opposite polarity to the ground 31 and the baffles 5. For this reason, the substrate 31 and the baffles 5 may be made of electrically conductive materials, e.g. stainless and electrically conductive metal, made of textiles and floor coverings with wire mesh inserts, etc.

All components which are operated with saline water or come into contact with it, are continuously cleaned or replaced.

A controller 39 controls the pumps 11 and 23, a compressor 46 and valves 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 51 and 52. The controller 38 and the controller 39 are interconnected and programmable.

In order to keep the formation of deposits as low as possible in all components which come into contact with salt or brackish water, they are rinsed at certain times with a flushing medium 47 such as, for example, superionized condensed water, revitalized water, etc. and then blown through with a compressed air compressor 46. To prevent bacteria formation, water to be sprayed on the water to be sprayed, e.g. Superionized water etc. or chemical agents are added.

In order to prevent bacterial and deposit formation in all salt and condensation water-relevant components, they can each be equipped with a frequency generator, which puts the respective components in a resonant frequency, so that no bacteria and no deposit forms. The process can also be used for salt production for the chemical industry. In this case, as much anti-fouling and anti-scaling agent (additives) is supplied to the salt water to be sprayed 32, that the salt water relevant parts 96, 13, 40, 11, 12, 37 and 6 no longer need to be cleaned and maintained as often. The anti-fouling and anti-scaling agent is added to the extracted salt and is then reprocessed and used by the chemical industry like all other chemicals.

By flow favorable channels 30, similar roof gutters, the condensation, which is reflected on an inner wall of the updraft chimney 4, collected and passed into containers. The channels 30 can also be used as a twisting device to impart to the updraft chimney 4 flowing through a swirl and thus to allow a rise of the air in higher air layers.

By condensation-improving measures, the condensation recovery can be increased. One of these measures would be, for example, to charge the chimney air in front of the condenser 8 by a metal construction 33 electrically opposite pole to the capacitor 8, if the rising air is not charged enough by the charging of the sprayed water.

So that the water supply can be maintained in the rain, the rainwater falling on the collector roof 1 can be collected by at least one gutter 14, which extends circumferentially around the collector roof 1, and collected in containers.

Since the evaporation of salt water, the salt accumulates on the ground 31 and on baffles 5, it must be from time to time off and together. This is preferably done at night with special salt sweepers 105 when everything is dry. The salt sweepers 105 may in particular be automated and thus require fast and without human effort to clean the system of salt, which can then be recycled. The baffles 5 are arranged so that the salt sweepers 105 can pass between them.

With little solar radiation or little updraft speed in the updraft chimney 4, the turbine 3, driven by the generator 2, which receives the power from the mains, or by external energy, also act as a fan. As a result, the updraft speed in the updraft chimney 4 and thus the condensation water recovery 7 elevated. The Kondenswassersarnmelbehälter 7 can also be used as a water tower.

Without turbine 3 and generator 2, the units could also be powered by external energy. In this case, the air resistance decreases, thus increasing the updraft speed in the updraft chimney 4 and thus also the condensation water recovery.

The fact that the spraying of the salt water is controlled so that drops settle only on the ground 31 and the guide plates 5, you can also arrange the system in a sloping or inclined position. This is advantageous because it increases the efficiency because the sun is at normal sun-rise to the ground 31.

The updraft chimney 4 may also be mounted on a mountain slope or be designed as a mine shaft. The condenser 8 and the condensed water collecting tank 66 are then attached to the mountain 67. A condenser 8 downstream diffuser 68 increases the efficiency.

The condensate collecting tank 66 on the mountain 67 can also be used as a water tower and / or as a night electricity storage. At night, the generator 18, driven by the turbine 16, can supply electrical power to a power grid 19. The turbine 16 is driven by the daytime collected condensate 66.

The condenser 8 can also be cooled directly by salt water, a compressor or absorber refrigerant system. In this case, the condenser 8 is the refrigerant evaporator. The waste heat of the refrigerant condenser 8 can also be used.

Filter systems 96, such as. As cyclone filters or the like, which may be located in or outside of the reservoir 21, filter up to a certain grain size impurities out of the water. The sucked in water is constantly examined for pollutants, so that only clean water is used. As a result, it is no longer necessary to purify the salt obtained. It can thus be used immediately for further processing. However, it is also possible to use the process for recovering industrial and road salt. Then the sucked salt water does not need to be pre-cleaned or only slightly pre-cleaned. The plant can also be used to effect rain, making it particularly suitable for areas where there are drought areas near the sea. There are many such areas where on the one hand dry and warm land and on the other hand an inexhaustible reserve of seawater confront each other. This is largely the case in northern and southern Africa, the Middle East, India, Australia and the Americas.

The plant should be near the coast and is operating as previously described. It makes sense to create a pre-construction meteorological survey to estimate how large the plant must be to be used to irrigate the hinterland.

The system can be constructed as described above. In operation, the following features change during operation: the condenser 8 is switched off, i.e. the pump 27 and the heat exchanger 24 are switched off by closed valves 48 and 49. The salt water drain is closed or reduced via a valve 51. As a result, the updraft in the updraft chimney 4 is not cooled, but remains hot with 100% relative humidity and thus rises rapidly into cooler air layers, where condensation forms clouds and precipitation, i. Rain can arise. The rising of the air is supported by the over the hot sunny, usually sandy, soil existing thermals. The increasingly local upwind develops a suction effect.

If this is not enough, the effect can be further enhanced as described below. In the vicinity of the updraft, a preferably black insulating layer 58 is applied over a large area to the substrate 31 for insulation against this in order to reduce the heat conduction into the substrate 31 and to increase the heating power. The insulating layer 58 is preferably formed as an absorber layer, may be partially or completely insulated and be designed in the form of a film, a sheet or an asphalt layer. On or next to the insulating layer 58 and also at the top of the updraft chimney 4 you can atomize with at least one water atomizer 54 saltwater. The water atomizer 54 is fixed by means of a holder 59 on the updraft chimney 4. The water atomizer 55 is fixed, for example, on a stand 56. The pump 23, driven by electricity from the updraft generator 20, pumped by solar power or by external energy, seawater from the reservoir 21 under high pressure through a pipe 50 and the solar collector 25 to the water atomizers 54 and 55. The solar collector 25 can even heat up the sea water until the formation of steam, which promotes evaporation.

Of course, to obtain a sufficiently great effect, it is necessary to maintain the seawater for an extended period of time, e.g. several days or several weeks, and to atomize in sufficient quantity in the air. Often without salt spray it will not start to rain, since water droplets that form on dust particles in the atmosphere often remain too small to fall down as raindrops; That's why they stay in the balance. When sea salt aerosols enter the clouds, the aerosols attract the droplets, causing large drops and rain. Also, the local conditions regarding the location of the site to be wetted area and the prevailing wind conditions is of great importance. The rising air is dry again after the moisture has been released and slides back into the sea via the moist air flowing inland and upwards, where new moisture can be absorbed. This natural cycle, stimulated and intensified thanks to the process, changes the air pressure conditions in the desired area. In the area of the job site, a small depression area forms, while above the sea a corresponding high-pressure area can form. The pressure of the high pressure area above the sea and the suction of the low pressure area above the land cause an acceleration of the wind flow between the two different pressure centers. Due to the increasingly occurring wind, waves and spray can cause additional humidification, which is then also detected by the vertical air flow present at the place of installation and pulled upwards. It can develop its own momentum, which makes it possible that the artificially induced meteorological conditions are naturally reinforced and so over the desired area enough moisture is accumulated, so that there is sufficient rainfall activity. The amount of precipitation of the corresponding area can thereby be considerably increased.

Li Fig. 9 is a further embodiment of an inventively designed system shown.

The system can essentially be configured as already described for FIG. 1, but in addition it is provided that the updraft chimney 4 has two head openings. With a Absperrvoπϊchtung 97, which rotates about a pivot point 98, a first opening with capacitor 8 or a second Öffhung.ohne condenser 8 can be shut off. Shut off with the shut-off device 97, the opening without condenser 8, the process wins condensation, electrical energy and salt and provides thermal water and thermal energy, as previously described, ready.

In Fig. 9, the condenser 8 is shut off by the shut-off device 97, so that the updraft leaves the updraft chimney 4 without the flow resistance of the condenser 8. As a result, the updraft speed is higher, thereby improving the effect of rain.

The updraft can also leave the updraft chimney 4 with a twist when the updraft does not have to flow through the condenser 8. As a result, the free jet of the updraft gets into higher air layers, which in turn improves the effect of rain. The swirl can be formed by a guide device 113 under the collector roof 1 and / or in the updraft chimney 4.

The system can also be designed from scratch without the condenser 8. The production of water is then carried out by causing rain. It collects the rainwater with the collector roof 1 and the gutters 14 in containers. The condensation, which forms on the inner wall of the updraft chimney 4, can also be captured by the streamlined channels 30, similar roof gutters, and collected in containers.

In Fig. 6, an embodiment of an inventively designed system for operation with a system-closed process for generating utility water and electrical energy, for salt extraction, for collecting rainwater, for providing thermal water and thermal energy and for effecting rain is shown, with a Downcomer 71 is located in the updraft chimney 4.

The operating principle is the same as already described in Fig. 1, with the difference that the method is closed, that is to say that in the case of condensed water production, the air circulates in the system. The air is the circulating energy mass carrier medium. The circulation of the energy-mass carrier medium is effected by the removal of heat in the condenser 8. The waste heat of the condenser 8 can be reused as described in FIG.

The condensate recovery works as follows: the collector roof 1 is formed closed to the ground 31. The hot moist air rises in the updraft chimney 4 high and is through heat exchanger supports 75 and flow guides 76 for Heat exchanger 8 is deflected and cooled in this, whereby the water condenses and falls into the condensate collection basin 70. The water in the condensate collection basin 70 is available for further use. The condensate can also be collected only partially or in the condensate collection 7. After the air has passed through the heat exchanger 8, it is cooled and heavier, so it sinks in the downcomer 71 down. The sinking air flow drives one or more turbines 3 at the foot of the downcomer 71. The air continues to flow into at least one, preferably heat-insulated connection channel 77 and from there back into the air space 150 below the collector roof 1.

In the at least one connecting channel 77, one or more turbines 3 may be located. Also at the foot of the updraft chimney 4, one or more turbines 3 may be arranged. All turbines 3 are coupled to electric generators 2. Furthermore, a likewise preferably thermally insulated bypass 80 may be provided in the at least one connecting channel 77. The shut-off device 79 seals the turbine 3 and the generator 2 shown on the one hand for cleaning and maintenance and on the other hand at low flow rate for maintaining the optimized operating speed of the other non-sealed turbines 3.

At low flow rate one or more turbines 3 may be blocked to maintain the optimized operating speed of the other turbines 3. When rain is caused, in contrast to FIG. 1, the at least one shut-off device 73 between the collector roof 1 and the base 31 and the heat exchanger supports 75 at the top of the updraft chimney 4 must be opened. As a result, the Aufwindaustrittsfunktion is given as in Figs. 1 and 9. So that the updraft can leave the updraft chimney 4 without air resistance, the flow directing devices 76 are removed from the updraft air stream.

In Fig. 7 and 8, the system closed process for electrical energy, collecting rainwater, providing hot water and thermal energy and causing rain, but here without the ability to recover commercial water from salt water. As in the embodiment described above, a downcomer 71 is provided, which is located next to the updraft chimney 4.

The air heated by the sun rises in the updraft chimney 4 and is conducted through the heat exchanger supports 75 and the flow guides 76 to the heat exchanger 8. The heat exchanger 8 cools the air. The cold air falls in the downdraft chimney 71 Direction surface 31, from there it enters at least one connecting channel 83 and on through distribution pipes 84 and finally passes through openings 85 again under the collector roof 1, where the heating starts again.

In the updraft chimney 4, in the downdraft chimney 71 and in the connection channels 83 there is in each case at least one turbine 3, which is coupled to at least one generator 2. The at least one generator 2 drives the units and supplies the remaining power to the network 20.

The heat exchanger 8 is cooled by the driven by a circulation pump 93 cooling circuit 86. The heat of the refrigeration cycle 86 may be delivered to baths 87, industrial facilities 88, heat pumping facilities 89, heating installations 90, natural waters 91, and cooling towers 92.

Not only to effect rain but also to clean and maintain and prevent overheating, flaps 73 and 82 are simultaneously opened so that the ambient air 74 cools the system and escapes through the flap 82. To prevent freezing of the cooling water 86, antifreeze may be added. In order to prevent the icing and the remaining snow on the collector roof 1, a heater 72 is provided.

To start the system, it is necessary to drive the circulation pump 93 in the cooling circuit 86 for the heat exchanger 8 with external energy. A very quick start can be achieved by driving one or more turbines 3 with external energy. The external energy can come, for example, from the electrical mains or from an internal combustion engine.

The plant according to FIGS. 7 and 8 can also be functionally constructed the same as in FIG. 6 and also obtain condensed water from salt water.

10 and 11 show a system which has a wind chimney 4 and a spiral arrangement of the baffles 5 below the collector roof 1. It is the floor plan without collector roof 1 shown. The operation is the same as that shown in Fig. 1 and explained in the accompanying description.

The baffles 5 are formed here as a simple spiral. The shape may also be another, in particular a multiple spiral shape. To increase the evaporation surface may be between the baffles 5 further measures to increase the evaporation surface, as shown in Fig. 2, may be provided. The baffles 5, which limit the spiral path, should be as close as possible to the collector roof 1 and the ground 31. For this reason, it is useful in this construction of the collector roof 1 for cost reasons to build the collector roof 1 using flat glass.

Since flat glass always bends slightly and can accumulate dirt at the deepest bent point on the flat glass top, it makes sense to build the collector roof 1 on a slope so diagonally that no more pollution occurs. The flat glass surface is then cleaned every time it rains.

To increase the efficiency of the input into the spiral is designed as a diffuser 99. It is possible to mount the at least one turbine 3 with the at least one generator 2 everywhere. For the purpose of accessibility, however, it makes sense to mount the turbines 3 with the generators 2 on the outside.

Fig. 12 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an inventively designed system. The illustrated construction of a collector roof 1 allows the collection of rainwater and salt extraction.

The domed glass 101 may be adhesively bonded by an adhesive 102 to the roof beams 63 or fastened by means of clamping and sealing elements 103. Flat glasses can also be attached in the same way.

Since the glasses are arched outwards, the rainwater runs off with the dirt to the roof girders 63. Thus, the curved glasses have a self-cleaning effect. To improve this self-cleaning effect, you can still provide the curved glasses and the flat glasses with a lotus effect coating on one or both sides. Instead of glass also foil or plastic can be used.

The collector roof 1 can also be designed, for example, as a shet roof construction. The rainwater can then be collected as follows: the collector roof trusses 63 have a slight slope to rain gutters 14 arranged on the circumference of the collector roof 1. The rainwater 106 runs along the roof trusses 63 into the gutters 14 and further into collecting tanks where it is available for further use stands. Fig. 13 shows a saltwater thermal pool 108. The saltwater thermal pool 108 receives heated salt water through the condenser 8 and solar collector 25. The saltwater thermal pool 108 may be sized so that the amount of inflowing salt water is the same as the loss due to evaporation. If the saltwater thermal pool 108 is dimensioned smaller, the inflow length 109 and the inflow width 110, for example to the sea, must be large enough so that the permissible seawater warming is not exceeded. The saltwater thermal pool 108 can be used for tourism or for salt extraction. The salt water to be sprayed under the collector roof 1 can also be taken out of the saltwater thermal pool 108, which increases the salt recovery rate, since the salt content is higher there.

14 and 15 show a system with a Aufwindkamin 4, which is outside the collector roof 1, and with a spiral arrangement of the collector roof 1 and the baffles 5, which are in a parallel arrangement to the collector roof support structure 63. It is the floor plan without collector roof 1 shown. The function is the same as described in FIG. 1. The guide surfaces 5 are also formed here as a simple spiral. It can also be a different spiral shape.

The fact that the updraft chimney 4 is outside and not in the middle of the collector roof 1, the updraft chimney 4 casts no shadow on the collector roof 1, taking into account the course of the sun, which increases the efficiency.

The air is sucked in the middle of the collector roof 1 or at the spiral entrance. With increasing air heating and consequent increase in air volume, it is necessary to increase the number of spiral passages and / or to increase the spiral cross-section to the updraft chimney 4 in order to achieve high efficiency. The chimney stacks 113 are designed as a flow guide. The turbine 3 with the generator 2 can also be arranged in the spiral, preferably in the middle, where there is only one spiral path. To increase the evaporation surface can be between the baffles 5 more evaporation surfaces, as shown in Fig. 2, install.

The baffles 5, which limit the spiral, should be as close as possible to the collector roof 1 and the ground 31, which is very costly in curved glass, plastic or film roofs 101.

This is very easily solved here, since, except for the deflectors 111 and 112, the guide plates 5 can be mounted under the collector roof carrier 63. The Umlenkecken 111 and 112, which must complete as close as possible with the glass, plastic or film roofs 101, can also be kept relatively cheap, since they are all identical parts. So that no rain falls into the spiral entrance, this is covered by a roof 116 and sealed off by the shut-off device 114. The rainwater is collected with the gutter 14 and collected in storage tanks.

16 and 17 show an embodiment of a system according to the invention with a Aufwindkamin 4, which is within the collector roof 1, and with a spiral arrangement of the collector 1 and the baffles 5, which are in a parallel arrangement to the collector roof support structure 63. It is the floor plan without collector roof 1 shown.

The function is the same as described in FIGS. 14 and 15, except that the updraft chimney 4 is arranged in the middle and the air inlet is arranged on the circumference of the collector roof 1. To increase the efficiency, the spiral inlet is designed as a diffuser 119. The turbine 3 with the generator 2 can also be arranged in the spiral, for the purpose of accessibility best on the circumference of the collector roof 1.

18 and 19 show a system-closed system with outside upwind and 4 Abwindkaminen 71 and with a spiral arrangement of the collector roof 1 and the baffles 5, which are in a parallel arrangement to the collector roof support structure 63. It is the floor plan without collector roof 1 shown.

The collector roof construction 1 can be designed as described in FIGS. 14 and 15. Because the updraft 4 and the downdraft chimney 71 are outside and not in the middle of the collector roof 1, the chimneys 4 and 71 cast no shadow on the collector roof 1, taking into account the course of the sun, which increases the efficiency. To keep the heat losses low, the not so hot spiral channel is placed on the outside of the collector 1.

The method also runs closed system in the illustrated embodiment. By a shut-off device 130, the ambient air supply is shut off. The flap 82 is closed and directs the updraft to the condenser 8. The hot moist air rises in the updraft chimney 4 and is deflected by the heat exchanger supports 75 and the flow guide 76 to the heat exchanger 8 and cooled in the heat exchanger 8, whereby the water condenses and into the condensate collection basin 70 falls. The water in the condensate collection basin 70 is available for further use Available. The condensed water can be collected exclusively or only partially in the condensate collecting tank 7. After the air has passed through the heat exchanger 8, it is cooled and heavier, therefore it sinks in the downcomer 71 and flows back under the collector roof 1.

The air is heated under the collector roof 1 and saturated with water and drives at least one turbine 3 with coupled generator 2 at. To effect rain, the shut-off device 130 shuts off the spiral passage cross-section so that ambient air can flow under the collector roof 1. The flap 82 is opened and the flow guide 76 is adjusted so that the updraft can ascend unhindered to cause rain. The cooling circuit 28 of the capacitor 8 does not necessarily have to be switched off, since the updraft does not flow through the condenser 8. Moreover, the system can be designed and operated as described in FIG. 1.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19 of a system designed according to the invention, instead of the chimneys 4 and 71 arranged next to one another, the chimney arrangement 71 shown in FIG. 6 can be used in the updraft comb 4. The arrangement Aufwindkamin 4 in Abwindkamin 71 is also possible. The updraft chimney 4 and downcomer 71 may also be based on a mountain slope.

22 and 23 show an inventively designed system-closed system without Aufwindkamin 4 and with a spiral arrangement of the collector roof 1 and the baffles 5, which are in a parallel arrangement to the collector roof support structure 63. It is the floor plan without collector roof 1 shown.

The function is the same as described in FIGS. 18 and 19, except that instead of the chimneys 4 and 71, the air is only deflected. To reduce the flow losses, a flow guide 124 is used. The condensation in the condensate tank 70 is ready for further Verfugung. Upon rain, the flap 122 is opened, which corresponds to the flap 82 in Fig. 19, so that the hot humid air 123 can rise.

20 and 21 show an inventively designed system without Aufwindkamin 4 and with a spiral arrangement of the collector roof 1 and the baffles 5, which are in a parallel arrangement to the collector roof support structure 63. It is the floor plan without collector roof 1 shown. The function is the same as shown in Figs. 18, 19, 22 and 23 except that the method as shown in Fig. 1 is open. The condensation in the condensate tank 70 is available for further disposal. When rain is generated, the flap 122 is opened, which corresponds to the flap 82 in Fig. 19, so that the hot moist air 123 can ascend. To reduce the flow losses, the diffuser 120 is provided at the collector inlet and the diffuser 121 at the collector outlet.

FIGS. 24, 25, 26 and 27 show systems designed according to the invention, which are particularly suitable for the method for rain and rainwater harvesting. The rainwater is generated by cisterns, which collect the rainwater.

If no electric current and no salt are to be obtained, the process can also be operated without the collector roof 1, the saline-extraction-relevant components and the capacitor-relevant parts, if the meteorological conditions are sufficient to cause rain.

The operation is described in principle already in Fig. 1. Due to the omission of the collector roof 1 no updraft arises in the updraft chimney 4, since no chimney effect occurs. The strong updraft 140 is here generated by at least one blower 136 and causes it comes to the faster onset of momentum. The blower impeller 137 is driven by a motor 138. The drive energy for the motor 138 may be power from the grid or solar power. The engine 138 may also be an internal combustion engine or a wind turbine.

The at least one fan 136 may be disposed on or adjacent to the insulating layer 58. The at least one blower 136 may continue to be always in the same place or be mobile. For mobile use, the blower 136 is constructed so that it is very easy to assemble and disassemble and as small as necessary for transport in order to be used in various positions.

Fig. 26 shows the fan 136 with a guide 142, which puts the updraft 140 in a twisting motion. This twisting motion boosts the updraft 140.

Fig. 27 shows the fan 136 with a guide 143, which does not put the updraft 140 in a twisting motion. The twisting motion can then through the Guide 141 are generated in Fig. 25. It is also possible to combine the guide 142 with the guide 141.

In order to prevent cyclone formation, one can build the fan 136 without guide means 141 and 142, so that no Aufwinddrallbewegung arises. The cyclone formation is also prevented by using at least 2 blowers 136 with the same Aufwinddrallbewegung. The Aufwinddrallbewegung is slowed down. The updraft 139 is formed by the insulating layer 58. The size of the insulating layer 58, the number of blowers 136 and the water atomizer 55 results from the local meteorological conditions.

Depending on the meteorological conditions, it is possible to combine the components differently:

Insulating layer 58 with water atomizers 55

- Insulating layer 58 with at least one fan 136th

- Water atomizer 55 with at least one blower 136th

The blower 136 and brine sprayers 55 may also be mounted on a ship offshore.

Depending on the size of the insulating layer 58, the ambient air located above heats up by 30 to 40 ⁰ C. Therefore, the insulating layer 58 is preferably disposed at the collector input (s) where the ambient air is drawn. As a result, the collector temperature and subsequently the chimney air temperature, chimney air humidity, chimney air speed, industrial water, electricity and salt production is increased with the same collector size. The insulating layer 58 may be made of wholly or partially thermally insulated, in particular black film, concrete, asphalt, etc.

The rain clouds obtained can, in addition to the known "seeding" with condensation nuclei, such as salts, etc., also be brought down by electrical charges controlled from the earth.The rain effect can also be accelerated or improved, in addition to the sea salt aerosols, additionally by airplanes or rockets, the well-known agents such as silver iodide, frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice), carbon black, sodium, magnesium, calcium chloride, etc. or a mixture of sodium, magnesium and calcium chloride, etc. are introduced into the clouds be brought where it is needed more urgently by the rain clouds can move so far from the wind, until the rain clouds above the desired area and there, by the means above, are brought to the rain.

The seawater can be atomized without preheating by the water atomizer 55. However, it is convenient and zielfuhrender to heat the sea water in the supply line 135 to the water atomizers 55 by utilizing the sun heat. In this way, the process of evaporation can be favorably influenced or even cause evaporation. This could be implemented, for example, by using black metal lines 134. The seawater can also be passed through appropriately designed solar panels 134.

Claims

claims:

1. A plant for the use of updraft, comprising a height difference having a tubular Aufwindkamin (4) and a translucent collector roof (1), which then extends to the Aufwindkamin (4) and at least partially surrounding area and one with the Aufwindkamin (4) related Air space (150) defines, characterized in that on the collector roof (1) surrounding the substrate (31) a heat transfer into the substrate (31) reducing insulating layer (58) is provided, and wherein sensors (36) for measuring the moisture content of the Air in the air flow in the air space (150) are provided.

2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer (58) is formed as an absorber layer, preferably as a foil, sheet or asphalt layer, particularly preferably as a black absorber layer.

3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the system further comprises at least one of the resulting updraft turbine (3) and at least one with the at least one turbine (3) electrically connected generator (2).

4. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the system further comprises at least one on the Aufwindkamin (4) arranged capacitor (8), wherein the at least one capacitor (8) in a cooling circuit (28) with at least one heat exchanger ( 24) is arranged.

5. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that below the collector roof (1) laminar baffles (5) are arranged, wherein in the region of the baffles (5), preferably between the baffles (5), water atomizer (6) are provided ,

6. Plant according to claim 5, characterized in that the guide plates (5) are arranged substantially perpendicular to a substrate (31) and to the collector roof (1).

7. Plant according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the guide plates (5) are arranged so that a preferred wind direction in the direction of the updraft chimney (4) is generated.

8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the guide plates (5) are arranged in the form of a grid with at almost right angles crossing baffles (5).

9. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the guide plates (5) seen in plan view are arranged in the form of at least one spiral.

10. Plant according to claim 9, characterized in that a plurality of spiral arrangements of guide plates (5) arranged one inside the other are provided.

11. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the translucent collector roof (1), the absorber layer (58) and the updraft chimney (4) are at least partially thermally insulated.

12. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the system comprises at least a first solar collector (12), which is connected by conduction to the heat exchanger (24) and the cooling circuit (28).

13. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that the system comprises at least a second solar collector (25), which is connected in line with the water atomizers (6).

14. Plant according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the heat exchanger (24) and the solar panels (12, 25) are provided at least twice and each connected in parallel.

15. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the system with salt, brackish or well water from a reservoir (21) is operable.

16. Plant according to claim 15, characterized in that the salt, brackish or well water to the solar panels (12, 25), the condenser (8) and the water atomizers (6) can be fed.

17. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in the updraft chimney (4) at least one electrically charged metal insert (33) is provided, through which the air flowing through the updraft chimney (4) can be communicated with respect to the condenser (8) opposite polarity electrical charge.

18. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one collecting container (7) is provided for condensate on the updraft chimney (4) in the vicinity of the at least one capacitor (8).

19. Installation according to claim 18, characterized in that potential energy of the condensed water in the at least one collecting container (7) by diverting and operating at least one with at least one generator (18) connected turbine (16) is usable.

20. Plant according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the condensate collecting tank (7) is usable as a water tower.

21. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that on the updraft chimney (4) a shut-off device (97) for the updraft channel (4) is provided.

22. Plant according to claim 21, characterized in that the shut-off device (97) is adjustable so that the updraft through the updraft chimney (4) leaves it without passing through the at least one condenser (8).

23. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that on an inner wall of the updraft chimney (4) a spiral-like device (30) is provided, which serves to generate a twist and / or the discharge of condensed water.

24. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that further water atomizers (54) in the region of an outlet opening of the updraft chimney (4) are arranged.

25. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that over the absorber layer (58) further water atomizers (55) are arranged.

26. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the collector roof (1) at least partially comprehensive gutter (14) is provided, which is arranged so that from the collector roof (1) running rain and / or condensation in the gutter (14) is trappable.

27. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the system comprises a control device (38) which controls the functions of the system by evaluating the by the sensors (36) determined air temperature and humidity values.

28. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that in the updraft chimney (4) channels (30) are formed, through which condensate, which forms on an inner wall of the updraft chimney (4), collectable and derivable.

29. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that by the water atomizer (6) water to the baffles (5), the bottom (31) and the insulating layer (58) is sprayed.

30. Plant according to claim 29, characterized in that the substrate (31) and the guide plates (5) against the water atomizers (6) and the salt water to be sprayed opposite polarity are electrically charged.

31. Plant according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the temperature and the relative humidity of the updraft chimney (4) flowing through the water atomizer (6) via the regulation of the controlled variables of the water to be atomized are adjustable.

32. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the system has at least one frequency generator which notifies all salt water and condensate relevant components a resonant frequency, so that the formation of deposits and bacterial cultures can be avoided.

33. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the salt water to be sprayed anti-scaling and anti-fouling additives and water revitalizing agents, especially superionized water, are added.

34. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that salt which accumulates by evaporation on the substrate (31), on the baffles (5) and on the insulating layer (58), in particular by automated or non-automated vehicles ( 105) and can be returned.

35. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that when there is insufficient solar radiation or insufficient upwind speed in Aufwindkamin (4) the turbine (3) by the generator (2) or by external energy can be driven supportive.

36. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the condenser (8) is cooled by a compressor or absorber refrigerant system, the waste heat is available.

37. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the water atomizers (6) are arranged and oriented so that the underside of the collector roof (1) is almost unwetted.

38. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the system is arranged on a flat surface (31), so that the updraft chimney (4) is oriented substantially perpendicular to the ground (31).

39. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the system is arranged on a mountainside (67), so that the shape of the updraft chimney (4) is substantially adapted to the shape of the mountainside (67).

40. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the system in the form of a chimney-like vent in the ground (31) is formed.

41. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that in the updraft chimney (4) a downdraft chimney (71) is provided, whose axial length corresponds approximately to that of the updraft chimney (4).

42. Plant according to claim 41, characterized in that the downdraft chimney (71) is arranged inside or outside of the updraft chimney (4).

43. Plant according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the downdraft chimney (71) with at least one connecting channel (77) is in communication, which in the air space (150) under the collector roof (1) is formed ausmündend.

44. Installation according to claim 43, characterized in that the at least one connecting channel (77) in the ground (31) or within the air space (150) below the collector roof (1) is formed.

45. Installation according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that in the at least one connecting channel (77) at least one with at least one generator (2) electrically connected turbine (3) is arranged.

46. Installation according to one of claims 41 to 45, characterized in that the updraft chimney (4) and the downdraft chimney (71) by a flow guide (76) for deflecting the flow of air from the updraft chimney (4) in the downcomer (71) connected to each other are.

47. Installation according to one of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that on the at least one connecting channel (77), a bypass (80) is formed.

48. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized in that the system by blocking the updraft chimney (4) is operable without this.

49. Plant according to claim 48, characterized in that for the derivation of the air flow, a coverable opening (122) in the collector roof (1) is provided.

50. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 49, characterized in that the system without collector roof, preferably by lowering the collector roof (1), is operable.

51. Plant according to claim 50, characterized in that in the updraft chimney (4) at least one turbine (137) is provided in connection with a twisting device (141).

52. Plant according to claim 51, characterized in that the at least one turbine (137) can be driven by at least one motor (138).

53. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 52, characterized in that the system is operable as a closed system.

54. Installation for the use of updraft, comprising a height difference having a tubular Aufwindkamin (4), characterized in that on the Aufwindkamin (4) surrounding the substrate (31) provides a heat transfer into the substrate (31) insulting insulating layer (58) is, wherein the lower opening of the updraft chimney (4) directly adjoins the free environment, and wherein preferably sensors (36) are provided for measuring the moisture content of the air in the air stream in the region of the updraft chimney (4).

55. Plant for the use of updraft, comprising a translucent collector roof (1), which extends flat and an air space (150) determines, characterized in that on the collector roof (1) surrounding the substrate (31) a heat transfer into the ground (31) is provided insulatively insulating layer (58), wherein in the collector roof (1) opening into the outside opening (122) is provided for air discharge, and preferably sensors (36) for measuring the moisture content of the air in the air stream in the air space (150 ) are provided.

56. Use of a system according to one of the preceding device claims for the production of energy by driving the turbine (3) in the air space (150) under the collector roof (1) generated updraft, in particular with shutdown of the salt and condensation relevant components.

57. Use of a plant according to claim 50 for generating rain by atomizing water in the vicinity of the plant and / or at the head of the updraft chimney (4), in particular using at least one fan acting as a fan and of at least one motor (138) driven turbine (137) in the updraft chimney (4) and without the use of the collector roofs (1).

58. Use of a plant according to one of the preceding device claims for desalination of seawater and recovery of salt by evaporation of salt water from the baffles (5), the substrate (31) and / or the insulating layer (58).

59. Use of a system according to one of the preceding device claims for collecting rainwater by collecting and draining rainwater from the collector roof (1) by means of a gutter (14).

60. Use of a plant according to any one of the preceding apparatus claims for collecting rainwater by collecting and draining rainwater from the insulating layer (58) in cisterns, the cisterns preferably being arranged in the region of the insulating layer (58).