DE19808505A1 - Solar energy extractor for housing roof - Google Patents

Abstract

The extractor has a warm waste air stream (9) guided out of an object (13) to be heated flowing along in at least one transparent guide (1) to the or bottom side of some solar energy extraction elements (3). The elements warm up at least partly, not only through the light energy falling on the transparent guides, but also through the warm waste air. Snow lying on the guides, or ice found there, melt due to an increase of the efficiency of the elements. The elements comprise a gaseous or liquid heat-carrying medium (16) which flows in a closed circuit through the elements, with or without a heat pump connected in front or behind. Alternatively, instead of a closed circuit after the passage of the elements, it flows directly into at least one room that is to be brought to the right temperature and/or into a thermal reservoir.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for Extraction and use of solar energy, in particular a thermal solar cell in combination with a vent system with heat recovery, with those in the preamble of claim 1 specified features.

Thermal or photo known from the prior art voltaic solar cells for the production of solar energy include, for example, one on a sloping roof seen thermal or photovoltaic solar cell.

Such devices for the production of solar energy white sen in particular on the disadvantage that on the solar cell snow or ice on top of it significant reduction in the efficiency of the solar cell have as a consequence.

The object of the present invention is therefore the ready provision of a device for the production of solar energy gie, which even after heavy snowfall or verei solutions within a very short time efficiency unfolded.

According to the invention, this task is in a genus moderate device by the in the characterizing part of Features specified claim 1 solved. Especially preferred embodiments are the subject of the sub Expectations.  

Embodiments of the invention are based on the Drawings described in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-section through an installed on a house roof according to the invention apparatus for obtaining solar energy with a ventilation system and heat recovery,

Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a thermal solar cell,

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through an inter-ventilated box window,

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a further exporting approximate shape of a solar cell according to the invention,

Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment of a device installed on a house roof according to the invention for the production of solar energy with a ventilation system and additional heating.

As clearly shown in Fig. 1, a special feature of the present invention is that a from an object to be heated ( 13 ) out mer air flow ( 9 ) in a translucent guide ( 1 ) on the top and / or on the Underside of a solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ), in particular an absorber chamber ( 3 ), flows along.

The solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) is consequently as well due to the light energy incident through the translucent guide ( 1 ) as well as the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) running along the top and / or underside of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ). he warms.

Advantageously, on the top of the translucent guide ( 1 ) of the warm exhaust air flow ( 9 ), snow or ice located there, with a considerable improvement in the efficiency of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) automatically and after a short time by the heat of the exhaust air ( 9 ) melted.

The solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) is generally flushed through by a gaseous or liquid heat transfer medium ( 15 , 16 ). In a preferred embodiment, the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) is designed in the form of a closed circuit ( 14 ). At least one heat exchanger ( 17 ), with or without upstream or downstream heat pump ( 19 ), is then connected to the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ).

Alternatively or in addition to this, the heat transfer medium ( 15 , 16 ) after passing through the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ), optionally also without a passage of the heat exchanger ( 17 , 25 ), the object ( 13 ) to be heated directly.

Preferably, however, the heat transfer medium ( 15 , 16 ) is passed to at least one heat exchanger ( 17 , 25 ) after passage of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) and then introduced directly into the rooms ( 13 ) to be tempered and / or into a heat reservoir ( 24 ) .

The heat exchanger ( 17 , 25 ) can be, for example, a tube bundle heat exchanger in which one or more tubes are provided inside and / or outside a horizontal tube for carrying out the heat transfer medium ( 15 , 16 ).

The heat transfer medium ( 18 ) of the heat transfer medium circuit ( 31 ), which starts from the heat exchanger ( 17 ) in the direction of the heat reservoir ( 24 ), for example, is preferably liquid and, for example, water. The heat from the heat exchanger ( 17 ), as a rule, from the transporting heat transfer medium ( 18 ) can also heat the object ( 13 ) to be heated, for example in the form of warm air.

Alternatively or in addition to this, the heat transfer medium ( 18 ) can only be passed to a further heat exchanger ( 25 ) to remove excess heat and / or to supply heat from a heat reservoir ( 24 ), it warms or cools the object ( 13 ) will.

The heat transfer medium ( 18 ) heated in the heat exchanger ( 17 ) is preferably introduced in a closed circuit ( 31 ) into a heat reservoir ( 24 ) for storing the heat.

It is particularly advantageous in the case of the present invention that the entire solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) according to the invention can be made of industrially prefabricated panels, for example with a field size of 6 m in length and 1 in width.

Such industrially prefabricated panel-like solar heat megwinnungselemente ( 3 , 39 ) are ready for use immediately after laying with a mobile crane.

Since all functional components can be integrated into the panels during the industrial production under particularly rational conditions, the manufacture and assembly of the solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) is extremely fast and cost-effective.

Examples of components that can already be integrated into the solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) according to the invention, in particular in the case of industrial pre-manufacture, are a transparent roof covering, including heat exchanger, black absorber, air collection channels ( 43 ) and air deflection, drainage channels for condensation and insulation of the house roof.

In preferred embodiments, the solar heating element ( 3 , 39 ) is inclined and is provided on the outside of a roof or integrated therein.

Of course, however, it is possible to align the solar heat generating element ( 3 , 39 ) horizontally.

In particular in the case of diffuse lighting conditions ( 42 ), a horizontal alignment of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) leads to a higher power consumption compared to a solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) inclined in the direction of the cloud-covered sun.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a supply air stream ( 16 ) to be heated is fed to the inclined solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) in the upper region from the underside. The supply air ( 16 ) to be heated then flows down along the underside of the light absorber ( 2 ). In the deepest section of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ), the supply air flow ( 16 ) is deflected upwards and then returned upwards along the top of the light absorber ( 2 ). When viewed from the side, the path of the supply air ( 16 ) within the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) according to the invention can thus essentially be in the form of a letter "U", whose lower, horizontal leg compared to the length of the two vertical, lateral legs is significantly shortened.

The heated supply air ( 16 ) leaves the inclined solar heat recovery element in the upper area and is either fed directly to the object ( 13 ) to be heated or fed to one or more other identical solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) located on the same or on the opposite roof side which flows through them in an analogous manner.

The supply of the already from a first Solarwärmege gain element ( 3 , 39 ) on one roof side preheated supply air ( 16 ) to another, essentially identical solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) on the opposite roof side ge is in particular for the purpose of another Heating of the supply air flow ( 16 ).

As particularly shown in Fig. 5, for example at least one heat exchanger ( 25 ) for removing excess heat and / or for supplying heat in the supply air flow ( 16 ) after passage of a second solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) and before it occurs hen hen in the at least one room to be tempered ( 13 ).

A particular advantage of the device according to the invention with at least 2 solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) on the opposite roof sides can be seen in the fact that in particular the energy of diffuse solar radiation can also be used almost completely to heat the supply air ( 16 ).

According to the invention, all roofs can be covered with the solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) regardless of their direction of inclination, including the north roof or the east / west roof.

In particularly preferred embodiments, the warming to he supply air first via said on north or east / west roof solar heat gain element (3, 39) and subsequently via said on-South and West / East roof solar heat gain element (3, 39) guided.

In the case of a configuration of the device according to the invention in accordance with FIG. 5, it is particularly advantageous that the cold, oxygen-rich supply air ( 16 ) is preheated day and night, even in winter:
On cold winter nights, for example, the residual heat rising from the attic warms the incoming air flowing downwards ( 16 ). On cold winter days with clouds, the diffuse radiation ( 42 ) leads to an additional increase in the temperature of the supply air ( 16 ) by about 8 ° C on both roof sides, even on the north side. In winter days with sun, for example, on the south side there is an additional increase in the temperature of the supply air ( 16 ) by 10 to 50 ° C, depending on the position of the sun and roof pitch.

To bring from the or the solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) supply air ( 16 ) to a constant temperature, for example, to 25 ° C, can automatically from the local heat storage ( 24 ) via the heat exchanger ( 25 ) energy can be called up to heat the supply air ( 16 ), which may be too cool. The supply air can then be introduced, for example, via 18 watt direct current fans into the rooms ( 13 ) to be tempered.

The heat reservoirs ( 24 ) can be accommodated, for example, in the attic, in the basement or in any room.

The warm supply air ( 16 ) is preferably blown directly into the rooms ( 13 ) to be temperature-controlled, without going through a radiator or the like.

The translucent guide ( 1 ) of the warm exhaust air flow ( 9 ) is preferably formed in the form of a single-chamber hollow chamber.

However, it can, for example, also be an at least two-chambered, at least partially translucent hollow chamber inner plate ( 1 ), which is brought in at a light-exposed point.

As a rule, a multi-chamber hollow chamber plate ( 1 ) comprises at least two mutually parallel and one above the other, each essentially quaderför shaped chambers ( 11 , 12 ) (see Fig. 2). In preferred embodiments, these two cuboid chambers ( 11 , 12 ) are flowed through by the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) discharged from the object ( 13 ) to be heated.

Preferably, the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) of the hollow chamber plate guide ( 1 ) is supplied day and night. About 70% of the energy of the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) is transferred to the supply air ( 16 ) to be heated. A heat exchanger is consequently integrated into the roof skin, which itself does not require any external energy for operation.

As can be seen in Fig. 1, the exhaust air ( 9 ) is preferably removed from at least one fan ( 27 ) with the aid of at least one fan ( 27 ), preferably from rooms which are subject to odor and / or moisture, for example from the bathroom, the toilet, the kitchen or the utility room for example transported into the gable area of the object ( 13 ).

Preferably there is a feed of the warm air ( 9 ) into the possibly inclined hollow chamber plates ( 1 ), which lead the exhaust air ( 9 ) obliquely downwards. Condensate that may have formed during the cooling of the exhaust air ( 9 ) can thus flow into the gutter without any problems.

To avoid a congestion of the condensate liquid due to freezing at temperatures below the freezing point, the condensate drain or the rain gutter can be discharged through the exhaust air ( 9 ) escaping from the object ( 13 ) and / or via a heater that can be operated by the photovoltaically obtained current, for example with a counter standing wire to be heated.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to use part of the supply air ( 16 ) that has already flowed through one or two solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) as part of a controllable feedback into the flow of the heated exhaust air ( 9 ) flowing to the light-transmitting guide ( 1 ) ) lead back via a controllable throttle valve ( 41 ).

In this way, the temperature of the exhaust air ( 9 ) is increased, thereby reducing the heat loss of the heated supply air ( 16 ) to the ambient air during the passage of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) and any condensate located in the hollow chamber guide ( 1 ) quickly evaporates.

A portion of the heated supply air ( 16 ) can thus be controlled and regulated according to the invention in the exhaust air ( 9 ) flowing to the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ).

By means of this feedback according to the invention, the system quickly rises to high air temperatures. On the one hand, this enables rapid melting of snow and ice on the outside of the hollow chamber guide ( 1 ). On the other hand, there is a significantly lower heat loss of the heated supply air ( 16 ) to the environment during the passage through the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ), so that the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) heats up faster and to higher temperatures.

Preferably, the throttle valve ( 41 ) for returning a portion of the heated supply air ( 16 ) into the exhaust air flow ( 9 , 39 ) flowing into the solar heat megawinning element ( 3 , 39 ) is also at least slightly open in the basic position, so that a basic feedback is ensured .

In particular, only immediately before, during or after a snowfall does the throttle valve ( 41 ) open further and thus a more pronounced feedback takes place.

In preferred embodiments, the Solarwärmege comprises winnungselement (3, 39) at least one absorber chamber (3) which is formed, for example, substantially tubular, rectangular or disk-shaped (see Fig. 2 and 4).

This absorber chamber ( 3 ) is preferably located below half of the hollow chamber plate ( 1 ) and is at least substantially in heat-conducting contact with the underside thereof.

To improve the efficiency of the device according to the invention for the production of solar energy, the absorber space ( 3 ) contains at least one absorber material ( 2 ) which absorbs light and converts it into heat and / or electrical energy.

This absorber material ( 2 ) can be, for example, a corrugated or zigzag-folded, dark sheet with preferably a rough surface, which is generally flowed around on both sides by the circulating air ( 15 ). Of course, a flat foil or a flat sheet in dark color can also be used (see Fig. 4). The absorber material ( 2 ) usually has a shape which leads to the largest possible heat transfer surface within the predetermined absorber space ( 3 ).

Through the absorber chamber ( 3 ), a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium ( 15 , 16 ), in a closed circuit or open and in cocurrent to the exhaust air ( 9 ) and / or in countercurrent to this. The countercurrent principle is preferably used in the outer region of the absorber chamber ( 3 ) which is adjacent to the underside of the hollow chamber guide ( 1 ).

The heat transfer medium ( 15 , 16 ) of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) is generally a gaseous heat transfer medium, for example circulating air or the supply air ( 16 ). As an alternative or in addition to the recirculating air ( 15 ), the supply air ( 16 ) to be heated can of course also be passed directly through the solar heat recovery element ( 3 ) in cocurrent to the exhaust air ( 9 ) and / or in countercurrent to it (see Figs. 4 and 5).

In particularly preferred embodiments, at least one photovoltaic element ( 21 ) for generating electrical energy is also provided in the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) and / or in the transparent guide ( 1 ) of the exhaust air ( 9 ).

The photovoltaic element ( 21 ) is preferably located on the front side in the lower section of a possibly inclined absorber space ( 3 ). In this case, the operating heat emitted by the photovoltaic element ( 21 ) is used to support the convection-related rise in the circulating air ( 15 ) in the circulating air circuit ( 14 ). By the circulating air ( 15 ) of the circulating air circuit ( 14 ) is also the photo voltaic element ( 21 ) cooled, which increases its efficiency significantly.

The electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements ( 21 ) is used, for example, to supply at least all electrical equipment of the device according to the invention. The electricity generated is generally fed to the fans ( 19 ) for moving the circulating air ( 15 ) and / or the fans ( 27 ) for moving the exhaust air ( 9 ) and / or the fans for occupying the supply air ( 16 ).

Alternatively or in addition to this, the current generated by the photovoltaic element ( 21 ) can be used for the electrical supply of a pump ( 23 ) for the heat transfer medium ( 18 ) of the heat transfer medium circuit ( 31 ) with controllable electrical energy.

Of course, all the heat exchangers ( 17 , 30 , 25 ) and heat pumps ( 19 ) used according to the invention can also be operated and controlled by the photovoltaic elements ( 21 ).

In particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention, the circulating air ( 15 ) to be heated in the circulating air circuit ( 14 ) or the supply air ( 16 ) to be heated flows in the front area of, for example, an inclined solar heat recovery element ( 3 ) using its buoyancy from bottom to top.

When the circulating air out (15) in the circuit (14), it can upward, front-side passage in a are shown in particular in Fig. 2 rear return chute for freezing air recirculation circuit (14) from top to bottom is recycled, for example, following the .

It is obvious that such a return shaft is not necessary if the supply air ( 16 ) to be heated is passed only once through the respective solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) (see Fig. 4).

As an alternative to a rearward guidance of the refluxing heat transfer medium ( 15 ) with respect to the front-side absorber space ( 3 ) through a rear shaft shown in FIG. 2, the heat transfer medium ( 15 ) of the heat transfer medium cooled by a heat exchanger ( 17 ) can be Circuit ( 14 ), for example, in essence immediately after the passage of the heat exchanger ( 17 ) again from above into the front absorber space ( 3 ).

In preferred embodiments, the refluxing heat transfer medium ( 15 ) is then carried out essentially in parallel, rectilinear or winding in countercurrent and in thermally conductive contact with the upward flowing, heating heat transfer medium ( 15 ) for cooling it down to un th.

To safely avoid overheating of the upward flowing heat transfer medium ( 15 ) in the heat transfer medium circuit ( 14 ), for example, further heat exchangers ( 17 ) or at least partially or in terms of their degree of darkening, controllable covers of the absorber space ( 3 ) and / or the translucent Guide ( 1 ) can be seen for example in the form of lamella-like metal strips.

As can be seen, for example, from FIG. 5, in particularly preferred embodiments, the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) according to the invention rests directly on the roof formwork and is not ventilated. This measure prevents considerable heat losses due to the otherwise occurring flushing of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) with cold, freely circulating ambient air.

The lack of ventilation of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) according to the invention enables, inter alia, that the heat flowing from the interior of the house ( 13 ) through the roof is recovered, especially on cold winter nights. By the inventive solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) the roof has practically no heat loss.

The warmed or cooled supply air ( 16 ) is preferably not supplied to the rooms that are affected by moisture and / or odors, but to the other living rooms.

To cool the supply air ( 16 ), which may be too warm in summer, and to preheat the supply air, which is too cool ( 16 ) in winter, at least one geothermal heat exchanger tube ( 32 ) can be seen.

In particularly simple embodiments, the supply air ( 16 ) is fed directly to the object ( 13 ), for example via the geothermal heat exchanger tube ( 32 ). As an alternative or in addition to this, however, it is possible to draw in the supply air ( 16 ) via a geothermal heat exchanger tube ( 32 ) and to supply it to the heat exchanger ( 17 ) provided in the gable area of the object ( 13 ) via a line (not shown in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity) and after its passage heated to feed into the object ( 13 ).

Due to the cooling of the supply air ( 16 ) sucked in via the geothermal heat exchanger tube ( 32 ), the moisture originally contained in the supply air ( 16 ) largely condenses in the ground. The object ( 13 ) can consequently be fed to a strongly pre-dried air ( 16 ) at any time of the year. This fact affects in particular the avoidance of microbial contamination, for example in the ventilation pipes.

However, it is obvious that one or several humidifiers to the ventilation according to the invention system can be switched on centrally or by room.

As can be seen in Fig. 1, the heat removed from the heat exchanger ( 17 , 25 ) from the circulating air circuit ( 14 ) is transferred, for example, to the heat transfer medium ( 18 ) and in the heat transfer medium circuit ( 31 ) into at least one heat reservoir ( 24 ). spent.

With the device according to the invention for the production and use of solar energy is therefore for the first time an integrated system for generating warm air for heating rooms ( 13 ) on the one hand and warm water on the other hand.

In the heat reservoir (24), the heat of the heat transfer medium (18) is in the lower loading of the heat reservoir rich example by means of one (24) provided in the heat exchanger (33) transferred to the heat storage medium of the heat reservoir (24). Solid or liquid heat storage media, in particular water, are particularly suitable as heat storage media in the heat reservoir ( 24 ).

To remove heat from the heat reservoirs ( 24 ), for example in the upper regions of the heat reservoirs ( 24 ), at least one heat exchanger ( 30 ) is provided in each case.

This leads the heat removed from the heat reservoir ( 24 ), for example via a further closed heat transfer medium circuit ( 28 ) to the heat exchanger ( 25 ) for heating the supply air ( 16 ) (see Fig. 1).

As an alternative or in addition to this, the heat exchanger ( 30 ) can supply the heat removed from the heat reservoir ( 24 ), for example via at least one further closed heat transfer medium circuit ( 29 ), to at least one space heating device ( 26 ).

The peculiarity of a Raumheizvorrich device ( 26 ) is that it is as large as possible and can be operated with inlet temperatures from 25 ° C.

A room heating device ( 26 ) which can be used according to the invention can be, for example, a radiator, a fan, a rear-ventilated wall heater, a ventilated box window or a floor heating.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a room heating device according to the Invention ( 26 ) in the form of a box window ( 8 ) ventilated between them.

The heat removed from a heat exchanger ( 30 ), for example, from a heat reservoir ( 24 ) is fed via a preferably closed heat transfer medium circuit ( 29 ) to a horizontal ventilation duct ( 7 ) below the window sinter ( 8 ). The heat transfer medium of the heat transfer medium circuit ( 29 ) is preferably a gaseous heat transfer medium, for example air.

The circulating air ( 29 ) rises from the lower horizontal ventilation duct ( 7 ), for example in a vertical ventilation duct ( 5 ) between the wall of the object ( 13 ) and a wall covering ( 4 ) vertically upward into the area between the front and the Rear window pane of the box window ( 8 ) From there, the warm circulating air is taken up, for example, by a horizontal ventilation duct ( 6 ) above the window ( 8 ) and in a closed circuit ( 29 ) again the heat exchanger ( 30 ) in the heat reservoir ( 24 ) fed.

During the ascent in the lower, possibly widened and flattened, vertical ventilation duct ( 5 ), the heat transfer medium circuit ( 29 ) fulfills the function of a large-area wall heating.

The passage of the warm circulating air ( 29 ) between the panes of the box window ( 8 ) facing the interior of the object ( 13 ) brings the pane of the box window ( 8 ) substantially to room temperature. The usual considerable heat losses in the window area in the window of the prior art are thus excluded.

In Fig. 1, starting from the two heat exchangers ( 17 ) in the gable region, a heat transfer medium circuit ( 31 ) runs to a heat exchanger ( 33 ) in the lower region of a heat reservoir ( 24 ).

Furthermore, if necessary, a supply air line ( 16 ) running through a heat exchanger ( 25 ) extends into the individual rooms of the object ( 13 ).

It is therefore advantageous, before the entry of the air to (16) in the heat exchanger (17) a way to optional by-passing the supply air (16) to the heat exchangers to provide (17).

In particular when warm supply air ( 16 ) is supplied on hot days, the passage of the already warm supply air ( 16 ) through the heat exchanger ( 17 ) can lead to undesired additional heating.

For this reason, the heat exchangers ( 17 ), for example, a controllable control valve. This control flap conducts depending on the temperature in the interior of the object ( 13 ) and / or the temperature of the supply air ( 16 ) and / or the outside temperature in one position to the air flow ( 16 ) through the heat exchanger ( 17 ). In a further position, however, the control flap directs the supply air flow ( 16 ) completely or partially directly into the object ( 13 ) to be heated or cooled.

The control flap is preferably dependent on the Exceeding or falling below a preset temperature temperature limit controlled.

In the case of falling below a preset limit value, the supply air flow ( 16 ) is passed, for example, through the heat exchanger ( 17 ), while it is fed directly into the object ( 13 ) at temperatures above this limit value bypassing the heat exchanger ( 17 ).

To prevent contamination of the panes of, for example, Fig. 3, between-ventilated box window ( 8 ), preferably instead of the possibly contaminated with dust particles or other impurities supply air ( 16 ), for example, the possibly cleaned recirculating air of a heat exchanger ( 30 ) heated closed heat transfer medium circuit ( 29 ) through the space between the front and rear window of a box window ( 8 ).

The heat exchanger that heats this circulating air ( 29 ) can tap heat directly from the heat transfer medium circuit ( 31 ) between the heat exchanger ( 17 ) and a heat reservoir ( 24 ) or, for example, a heat exchanger ( 25 ) of the heat transfer medium shown in FIG. 1 dium circuit ( 28 ) or a heat exchanger ( 30 ) positioned in a heat reservoir ( 24 ). The heat transfer medium used in the closed heat transfer medium circuits ( 28 , 29 ) can in principle be liquid or gaseous. These are preferably gaseous heat transfer media, in particular circulating air.

The essential meaning of the heat reservoir ( 24 ) is therefore that at least one heat exchanger ( 30 ) provided within the heat reservoir ( 24 ) provides the heat introduced therein via a heat exchanger ( 33 ) provided in its lower region in a preferably closed heat transfer medium. Circuit ( 28 , 29 ) example, a large-area heating device ( 26 ) or a ventilated box window ( 8 ) can be supplied in a controlled manner.

Naturally, it is also possible, however, that for nally only in the small heat transfer medium circuit (14) of the solar heat gain element (3) flowing a heat transfer medium (15), optionally as part of a larger circuit, directly for operating a large, rear-ventilated heating and / or to use for ventilation of a box window ( 8 ).

In order to safely prevent the ventilation ducts ( 7 , 5 , 6 ), the ventilated box windows ( 8 ), the conduit pipes and the translucent guide ( 1 ) from being populated with microbes, for example, the walls of the ducts and shafts of the supply air and exhaust air can be used such as the air circulation can be coated with agents that inhibit the growth of fungi, yeasts, spores, microbes, algae, bacteria or viruses.

Alternatively or in addition to this, in principle any place devices for filtering, in particular also for filtering dust and pollen will.

If value is placed on an essentially germ-free air within the object ( 13 ), known measures can be taken from surgical operating areas to render microorganisms harmless. A particularly simple method for this purpose is short-term irradiation, for example of the incoming air ( 16 ) entering the object ( 13 ) and / or the ambient air there by means of a UV lamp.

Of course, the gaseous heat transfer medium also serve as a germicidal and particle absorbing Gas washing or filtering in an electrical field be subjected. Even an addition of fungicidal and / or bactericidal agents, especially those in the circle run heat transfer media is conceivable.

In Fig. 2 there are two large-volume layers of insulating material below the solar heat recovery element ( 3 ). Mineral wool, polyurethane or styrofoam plates, for example, can be considered as insulating material, which can be laminated on one or both sides with a reflective metal foil.

In the channel-like space shown below these insulation layers, for example with a rectangular cross-sectional area, in preferred embodiments, the heat transfer medium ( 15 ) guided in the circuit ( 14 ) of the circulating air circuit ( 14 ) flows back.

In the case of an inclined solar heat recovery element ( 3 ), the heat transfer medium ( 15 ) preferably flows back from top to bottom.

It goes without saying that the locations of the two insulating layers on the one hand and the recirculation air return duct on the other are interchangeable. This means that the circulating air ( 15 ) can, for example, also be recirculated directly along the underside of the absorber space ( 3 ).

In Fig. 2 the translucent guide ( 1 ) of the obliquely downward flowing exhaust air ( 9 ) is in the form of a hollow chamber plate ( 1 ) with at least two superimposed chambers ( 11 , 12 ).

The exhaust air ( 9 ) guided in the outer chamber ( 11 ) can cool down at least somewhat, for example, when snow is melting. This cooling effect of the outer chamber ( 11 ) is intercepted by the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) in the underlying be inside chamber ( 12 ). The heat transfer medium ( 15 ), which is guided in the circuit ( 14 ) in the absorber chamber ( 3 ) and, for example, the return duct below it, is free of charge and highly effective before cooling through the intermediate further chamber ( 12 ) with warm exhaust air ( 9 ) maintains.

From Fig. 2 also shows that the hollow chamber plate ( 1 ) usually comprises at least one sealing separating web, which passes through the hollow chamber plate vertically and / or horizontally. It is obvious that the absorber space ( 3 ) can also have such a separating web. This is particularly advantageous when the heat transfer medium ( 15 ) is returned from the top downward parallel to the heating path directed from the bottom upward.

In Fig. 1 it is shown that the uppermost area of the gable of a house-shaped object ( 13 ) with a pointed roof can be designed to accommodate the device according to the invention and to improve its efficiency.

For example, the uppermost gable room in one or several extend parallel to each other and horizontally de chambers.

To avoid heat loss, it is particularly geous before to accommodate the heat exchanger ( 17 ) of the heat medium circuit ( 14 ) in its own chambers, the dimensions of which essentially correspond to the dimensions of the heat exchanger ( 17 ). The routing of the conduits used according to the invention in such closed chambers has also proven itself in particular in terms of avoiding heat losses.

Studies have shown that the device according to the invention unfolds its full effectiveness not only in blazing sunshine, but already in diffuse solar radiation. Since the diffuse radiation is essentially independent of the direction, the alignment of the pediment of an object ( 13 ) with the device according to the invention does not play a role. In view of this fact, a clear advantage can be seen over the thermal or photovoltaic solar cells of the prior art.

The inventive device for the production of solar Energy has numerous advantages over from the known thermal and photovoltaic technology solar cells.

For example, in the case of the invention direction the use of the efficiency of a plant min Antifreeze is not required. Kick it no frost problems. Even boiling problems are device according to the invention unknown.

If the device according to the invention is operated with circulating air and water as heat transfer media, the heat transfer media are available free of charge. Air is particularly suitable as a heat transfer medium because it is particularly easy to transport and does not contain any deposits, such as lime, poisons or the like. It is also advantageous to use the energy from the exhaust air ( 9 ) of the ventilation system free of charge. Expensive separate heat exchangers are not necessary, since the twin-wall plate ( 1 ) already fulfills the function of a heat exchanger.

Part of the energy in the exhaust air ( 9 ) from the ventilation system is automatically used to immediately defrost the snow when it is falling. Sunlight can thus bring significant amounts of energy into the inventive solar heat recovery element ( 1 ), particularly in the winter months when energy is most urgently required.

The device of the invention can fully in the flat roof can be integrated. So there are none futuristic looking houses by the majority of Builders would not be accepted.  

The provision of roof tiles, battens and counter battens are not required. The roof structure in new buildings can also be built much cheaper because the snow load and the weight of the heavy gel is eliminated.

Excess thermal energy becomes inexpensive for example in water tanks with the help of air-water or Water-water heat exchangers saved and with if necessary retrieved automatically with minimal effort and in a controlled manner. A particularly low what is sufficient according to the invention storage temperature of, for example, 25 ° C, has in ver equal to a higher water storage temperature significantly reduced heat loss and can be already ensure optimal heating of rooms.

To additionally reduce the heat loss, all the cavities in the space for storing the heat reservoirs ( 24 ) can be blown out with insulating material, for example polystyrene residues or recycling material. During inspection work, the insulating material can be vacuumed off easily and economically.

The integration of the photovoltaic cells ( 21 ) in the thermal solar cells according to the invention results in the following advantages:
Neither a cover nor a housing is required for the photovoltaic cells. The constant flow of the circulating air ( 15 ) leads to permanent cooling of the photovoltaic cells, which is expressed in a significant improvement in efficiency. The operating heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic cells ( 21 ) can be used for space heating ( 26 ) or heat storage in the heat reservoirs ( 24 ). For the drive of the pumps, heat pumps, heat exchangers and fans used according to the invention, electrical energy in the form of direct current with 12/24 volts is also available free of charge.

The inventive device for the production of solar Energy is also through a particularly distinctive host economy and a full payback short operating time.

In comparison to a building constructed in a conventional manner, there are cost advantages when using the device according to the invention, in particular under the following aspects:
Because of the lower load, the roof structure costs are lower. There are no costs for the roof tiles and battens. It is not necessary to build a chimney. The purchase of a boiler and burner is unnecessary. There are no running costs for the chimney sweep and maintenance of the heating system. Even the considerable cost of oil or gas is saved.

Another advantage of the ventilation system according to the invention with heat recovery is that they are not essential caused additional costs in the construction and that they not a drastic change in the external image that leads to residential buildings.

It is also particularly advantageous that the invention Device itself in the possibly snow and ice range from December to February and a fuel-independent, self-sufficient heating system from Guaranteed residential buildings and commercial buildings.

In conclusion, it should be mentioned that the insulation material used to line the absorber chamber ( 3 ) and / or the return shaft, if any, which is below it, or the area between this return shaft and the absorber chamber ( 3 ) should be heat-stable. Mineral fiber boards such as gypsum fiber boards are particularly suitable for this purpose.

Claims (20)

1. Device for the production and use of solar energy, characterized in that a warm exhaust air flow ( 9 ) led out from an object to be heated ( 13 ) in at least one translucent guide ( 1 ) on the upper side and / or on the underside of at least one solar heat gain elements (3, 39) flowing along, with the solar heat gain element (3, 39) tenergie both by the light incident through the transparent guide (1) Lich as well as by at the top and / or bottom of the solar heat gain element (3, 39) ent long-circulating warm exhaust air ( 9 ) at least partially warms it, on the translucent guide ( 1 ) of the warm exhaust air flow ( 9 ) snow or ice located there, with an increase in the efficiency of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ), and thereby the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) a gaseous or liquid heat transfer medium ( 15 , 16), which through the at least one solar heat gain element (3, 39) with or without upstream or downstream heat pump (19, 25) flows in a closed circuit or in place of a closed circuit after the passage of at least one solar heat gain element (3, 39 ) flows directly into the at least one room ( 13 ) to be temperature-controlled and / or into a heat reservoir ( 24 ). 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar heat recovery element ( 3 ) is designed in the form of a closed circuit ( 14 ), at least one heat exchanger ( 17 ) with or without upstream or downstream heat pump ( 19 ) with the Circuit ( 14 ) of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 ) is connected, where the liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium ( 18 ) from the heat exchanger ( 17 ) discharging heat transfer medium circuit ( 31 ) and / or the supply air flowing through the heat exchanger ( 17 ) ( 16 ) the object to be heated ( 13 ) is heated or cooled immediately or after the passage of a further heat exchanger ( 25 ) for removing excess heat and / or for supplying heat from a heat reservoir ( 24 ) and / or in a closed circuit ( 31 ) flows into a heat reservoir ( 24 ). 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply air flow ( 16 ) flows to the inclined solar heating element ( 3 , 39 ) in the upper region from the bottom, so that the supply air to be heated ( 16 ) is next to the underside of the light absorber ( 2 ) flows downwards, in the deepest section of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) deflects upwards and then flows upwards along the top of the light absorber ( 2 ), in order to then either flow directly to the object ( 13 ) to be heated or to flow analogously through one or more additional solar heat recovery elements ( 3 , 39 ) on the same or on the opposite roof side for identical heating purposes, at least one heat exchanger ( 25 ) for removing excess heat and / or for supplying heat in the supply air flow ( 16 ) before it enters the at least one room ( 13 ) see is. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least part of the supply air ( 16 ) which has already flowed through the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) as part of a controllable feedback into the storm of the translucent guide ( 1 ) flowing in, he heated exhaust air ( 9 ) flows over a controllable throttle valve ( 41 ) to increase the temperature of the exhaust air ( 9 ) and thereby the heat loss of the heated air ( 16 ) to the ambient air during the passage of the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) and any condensate in the guide ( 1 ) evaporate quickly. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the translucent guide ( 1 ) of the warm exhaust air flow ( 9 ) is formed as a single chamber or an at least two-chamber, at least partially translucent hollow chamber plate at a light-exposed point, the hollow chamber plate ( 1 ) in the case of at least a two-chamber design, comprises at least two essentially parallel and superimposed, essentially cuboid chambers ( 11 , 12 ), the translucent guide ( 1 ) from the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) of the object ( 13 ) to be heated is flowed through. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the solar heat recovery element ( 3 , 39 ) comprises at least one substantially tubular, cuboid or disc-shaped absorber space ( 3 ), which is un underneath the hollow-chamber plate guide ( 1 ) is located, with the underside of which is essentially in heat-conducting contact, contains an absorber material ( 2 ) which absorbs light and converts it into heat and / or electrical energy and through which a liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium ( 15 ) in a closed circuit and / or the supply air ( 16 ) to be heated is conducted in cocurrent to the incoming air ( 9 ) and / or in countercurrent to it. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat transfer medium ( 15 ) or the supply air ( 16 ) on both sides around the absorber material ( 2 ) has a shape which forms a largest possible heat transfer surface within the pregiven NEN absorber space ( 3 ) leads and that the longitudinal axis of the sorber material ( 2 ) is aligned substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the solar extraction element ( 3 , 39 ). 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) comes from odor and / or moisture-laden rooms ( 20 ). 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the absorber space ( 3 ) and / or in the translucent guide ( 1 ) of the exhaust air ( 9 ) at least one photovoltaic element ( 21 ) is provided for generating electrical energy is. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photovoltaic element ( 21 ) with fans ( 19 ) for moving the circulating air ( 15 ) and / or fans ( 27 ) for moving the exhaust air ( 9 ) and / or fans for moving the supply air ( 16 ) and / or with the at least one pump ( 23 ) for the heat transfer medium ( 18 ) for supplying controllable electrical energy. 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circulating air to be heated ( 15 ) or the supply air to be heated ( 16 ) flows in the inclined absorber space ( 3 ) using its buoyancy from un th upwards. 12. The device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that by a heat exchanger ( 17 ) from cooled heat transfer medium ( 15 ) of the heat transfer medium circuit ( 14 ) substantially immediately after the passage of the heat exchanger ( 17 ) again from above fed into the absorber space ( 3 ) and essentially in parallel as well as rectilinear or winding in countercurrent and in thermally conductive contact with the upward flowing, heating heat transfer medium ( 15 ) for cooling it down to th. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust air ( 9 ) is removed from the bathroom and / or the toilet and / or the kitchen and / or the utility room, while the supply air ( 16 ) is supplied to the other living rooms . 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply air ( 16 ) via a geothermal heat exchanger tube ( 32 ) immediately or after the passage of the heat exchanger ( 17 , 25 ) is supplied to the object to be tempered ( 13 ). 15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the upper region of the min least one heat reservoir ( 24 ) at least one heat exchanger ( 30 ) is provided, which the heat taken from the heat reservoir ( 24 ) over at least a wide range Ren closed heat transfer medium circuit ( 28 , 29 ) leads to the heat exchanger ( 25 ) for heating the supply air ( 16 ) and / or at least one space heating device ( 26 ), the heat transfer medium of this heat transfer medium circuit ( 28 , 29 ) being gaseous or liquid is. 16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space heating device ( 26 ) is large-area and can be operated with inlet temperatures already from 25 ° C, the space heating device being a Ra diator, a blower, a rear-ventilated wall heater, a ventilated box window or is underfloor heating. 17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 17 ) is connected upstream of a controllable control flap which, depending on the temperature in the interior of the object ( 13 ), guides the supply air flow ( 16 ) through the heat exchanger ( 17 ) or feeds directly into the object to be heated or cooled ( 13 ), with the supply air flow ( 16 ) being passed through the heat exchanger ( 17 ) if the temperature falls below a preset limit, while at temperatures above this limit it is directly passed into the ob jekt ( 13 ) is fed. 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the warm exhaust air ( 9 ) by means of at least one fan ( 27 ) is conveyed into the gable area and there is fed into the oblique hollow chamber plates ( 1 ), then to obliquely below to drain. 19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all current-consuming devices can be operated via the current generated by the photovoltaic element ( 21 ). 20. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the walls of the lines and shafts of the intake air drawn in from the outside ( 16 ), the heated supply air ( 16 ), the exhaust air ( 9 ) and the circulating air ( 15 ) with the growth of fungi, yeasts, spores, microbes, algae, bacteria or viruses inhibiting agents are coated and / or that at least one device for filtering them and for filtering dust and pollen and / or for rendering them harmless are provided.