DE102004025189B4 - Arrangement for the production of water - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrangement for the production of pure water from natural water, which is made of a directly in connection with a water intake structure (1) in the sense of a caisson with free interior for receiving incoming natural water running, the building (1) an inlet for entering into its interior Inlet water has to be found for draining accumulated condensate and rainwater channel systems use and incorporate the in the domestic water drainage, characterized in that
- For the evaporation of the in the building (1) entering water within the building (1) arranged below the inlet water level and provided with outlet openings pipe coil (2) is formed, which is the supply line and the outlet of air serving and the coil ( 2) has recesses of small diameter for this purpose,
- over the building (1) down to substantially in the vicinity of the vertical reaching down a self-contained domed roof is present, the light is converted into heat converting,
- under the...

Description

The Invention relates to a ratio to the known prior art improved device for the production of process water from natural water, in connection with a Water intake, which is also a body of water, preferably a sea can be arranged. With the help of this device can off Natural water great Amounts of nearly chemically pure water are generated in the further for irrigation low-vegetation or vegetation-less soils and / or for supply the population living there can be used.

to irrigation Areas without vegetation or poor areas become large quantities of water needed if this use of whatever kind for the benefit of Fed to people should be. Likewise, industrial companies, preferably power plants, reliant on significant amounts of service water, the requirements to a certain water quality have to do justice.

Usually For this purpose wells are drilled to pump with the help of needed Water to over To promote days. On the one hand, the energy demand for such systems is considerable, and it causes problems to introduce this energy when the extraction of Domestic hot water in large Scope should be operated. On the other hand, very often there are waters here, in which unwanted Chemicals such as salts and the like are included, so that a Separation unwanted Substances in already low-energy areas must be made, something new Difficulties mean.

Around To improve such processes is described in "Solar Distillation", Pergamon Press Ltd. 1984, page 52, a cone-shaped Device proposed in which the ground in a black Material executed and the cone sheath is made transparent. The floor is with low altitude covered with (sea) water to be evaporated. Through the transparency the cone sheath, the sun's rays get inside. On reason as the absorption surface trained blackened Soil evaporates water and condenses on the inside of the cone shell. By its inclination runs the condensed water to the outside in a arranged there circumferential Gutter, from which the recovered chemically pure water dissipates and fed to a use becomes. This device is to operate on the one hand advantageous because it is circular and the solar energy is constantly turned towards one Surface meets. Despite this advantageous design, the performance is low, because the effective usable area in relation to to the overall dimension is small.

A Variation of this principle is described in "Renewable energy", Vol. 4, no. 7 from 1994, pages 839 ff. shown. about an oblique employed adsorber surface, in a box-shaped container is arranged, moves by gravity, a water film. Water evaporates and condenses on a superposed, the kastenfömige arrangement covering at an angle hired disk. Again, following the flow of gravity, condensed flows Water in a arranged at the lower edge of the obliquely inclined disc Gully, from which the condensed water is drained off and used.

At one in the US 4 3,986,936 A As shown, a float is present into which the sunlight also penetrates via a transparent pane and brings the water present in a sump or in an evaporator tube to evaporate. Laterally on the float a bow-shaped chamber is present. The charged with water droplets atmosphere rises and enters the arcuate chamber formed laterally, wherein at least the upper surface is cooled by the surrounding water. Condensing water passes through the arcuate formation down into a collection container and is withdrawn there. The arcuate configuration causes the channel to lead downwards as a result of the cooling and the part serving essentially as the condensation surface. As a result, the air, which is still loaded with uncondensed liquid droplets, also falls downwards and re-enters the float above the sump. The cycle begins anew by recharging the existing atmosphere with water droplets. This creates a circulating flow. Nevertheless, the recoverable amount of water is relatively low, especially since the operation of the device can be done undisturbed only in quiet water surface.

In Scripture DE 9115232 U1 proposed the arrangement of photovoltaic elements in the sense of the establishment of a solar power plant on floats on the open sea, with a part of the energy obtained to operate unspecified desalination plants or to produce hydrogen.

After DE 196 20 214 A1 Natural water is dehydrated into a heated by solar energy flow of air. This dissolution can also be done in several stages to increase the humidity even more. The air flow charged in this way is then fed to a condenser, from the bottom of which condensed and thus unrestricted usable water is withdrawn. The cooling of the capacitor takes place by at least two circuits are connected in series, in which the last a fresh water circuit and the first one Natural water cycle is. Even if hot water production in oil-rich and thus financially strong countries takes place in industrial plants in which crude oil can be used as an energy source, the energy quantities required for production are considerable and lead to high costs for the water thus obtained. It should be noted that a relative amount of moving drive elements in a continuous operation is always a source of interference.

In Scripture EP 0 922 676 A1 It is proposed to improve the evaporation performance achieved exclusively by ambient temperature by introducing air into the water to be evaporated, whereby the formation of condensate is not adequately supported.

In Scripture WO 98/01202 A1 an arrangement is described in which over a transparent roof in a tub located saltwater evaporates and condenses on the roof. In addition to a collecting channel for the condensate, a spraying device in the salt water to be evaporated and a heating device are proposed.

The font US 6,342,127 B1 includes a solution that also evaporates water. In a pipeline containing the water to be evaporated, the volatilizing component is condensed at the top of the vault. If the upper part of the pipeline is not centered, gutters are laterally formed, through which the condensate is discharged. If the upper part is pulled in the middle, the gutter is formed under the change of direction of confiscation. Although with a different cross-section, the solution is according to US 2002/0112949 A1 similarly constructed.

The font DE 33 32 499 A1 describes a solution in which under a radiation-permeable inclined roof surface of a greenhouse, a man-made biotope or even an animal habitat, which may also be cooled, high humidity air is routed past vertical coolers. This creates a condensing entrained moisture favoring flow. which should be further reinforced by appropriately designed baffles. The condensate is used to supply water to plants or animals, and to avoid harmful high temperatures and resulting high temperatures, a cooling not described in detail is provided. The aim is also to convey the recovered water as intensively as possible to the room air.

In in all cases, in those over a translucent Roof the daylight on the water surface is a burden the plant by algae and bacteria considerably and for the extraction pure Water undesirable.

task The invention is therefore to develop an arrangement with their help in the extraction of pure water from natural or Hot water by means of heat the vaporizing ability of the Water and the precipitate of the resulting condensate improves and algae and bacteria formation is reduced.

The Task is solved by a device according to Claim 1.

The Heating coil is conveniently over a solar thermal system, the air to be supplied to the heating coil warming is designed, operated, and it is also possible, such with the heating coil connected heating device To train, the resulting hot water of a power plant can be operated.

Of the structure can be executed as a page-only element to the work surface to limit and to carry the closed roof construction. He but can also be designed as a bottom closed container, for Example, if process-accompanying won salt from seawater shall be. He can be trained buoyant in a usual way be at the bottom of a body of water sit up or float on Be fastened supporting elements.

In order to the condensation performance of the external weather conditions independent will, can below the inner roof vault and preferably spaced parallel thereto further bulges be appropriate, in which case the flat elements existing vertical hanging arranged hanging surfaces for the Condensation precipitation attached to the lowest vault are.

These Aufhangflächen can in greenhouses customary Abtropffolien be. An inventive Preferred variant provides to carry out these hanging surfaces like a wire mesh. As well is the use of so-called expanded metal possible. Thereby the dripping of condensate is promoted.

The roof outer skin is, as in other facilities known for a similar purpose, designed as a sloping surface on the underside of condensate expires. The preferred variant according to the invention provides that the roof outer skin has a curved U-shaped cross section which extends in the longitudinal direction of the building, anyway a design of the type that the longitudinal extent of the ground body is greater than its width, the roof is curved transversely to the longitudinal direction and gutters and guttering system in longitudinal Direction are arranged, has proved to be expedient.

It is also the aim of the invention, condensate there in the condensation room to catch up and for to provide targeted derivation, where targeted extraction not readily possible is. This is especially the case where for condensate extraction suitable areas with gutter system for water intake are no longer available. Therefore are as drainage surfaces designated areal elements present, with the gutters arranged under the end of the roof vaults connected and inwards obliquely upwards into the condensation chamber into it to near the hanging surfaces are sufficiently formed. In particular, dripping water is thus captured and derived.

Around to achieve optimal evaporation performance, see the invention that on the one hand all outside of the building located parts as well as the building itself a light to heat converting coloring exhibit. This can be a dark color, but it can be as well to be a coating. In any case, this training leads to one Reduction of algae growth.

A inventive preferred variant sees before that over to heat the coil of air to be blown in. The warming of this Air can be made by adding heat over one provided solar thermal system and a known heat transfer medium a heat exchanger is abandoned. The warming but can also be done by being from a nearby Power plant accumulating hot water for warming is being used. It is also possible biogas or natural gas to be used by a heat input by a biogas or natural gas fed fuel system. Of course Combinations of these facilities are possible.

Around carried by the natural water foreign body essentially to be able to withstand is the natural water feed known to be a purpose appropriate Upstream filter.

In order to the condensation drainage preferably appropriate, the invention provides that under the lateral edges of the Roof located gutters and the running off of the hanging surfaces Condensate collecting gutter drainage system inclined to drain water accomplished are.

On the roof outer skin precipitation can come down in the form of rain, which in the end too and that in the outside of the final edges of the arched one Roof under gutter is detected. That's why one is on the outside outside the gutter as a filter opposite the disturbing particles in the incoming rainwater acting obliquely up to the outer surface of the Roof reaching there and for the derivation of the incoming Rainwater located disturbing Particle serving brush row available. This brush row can also be folded be. However, here, when using this detail, must be on the extraction dispensed chemically pure water and provided a post-treatment become.

The Inlet water can be any type of natural water, including seawater, also from greater depths. It is also possible from greater depths to use a land mass recovered water in the process.

The the supply line heated Air serving pipe coil is preferably in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the inner water level and below this by floats in natural water arranged horizontally. This gives the possibility of the coil to optimize the process to different depths. Furthermore, in this coil, the air to additionally heated Incorporating integrated heating, one with biogas or with Natural gas is working.

The in the tube existing recesses of small diameter can changing with increasing length pressures to be adjusted by increasing with the air intake point Distance adequate the adjusting pressure drop adapted this one larger Have diameter.

It is self-evident possible, several structures in the sense of modules to couple together to larger units.

By the inventive design of a for the Purposes of water extraction, especially for low-vegetation or vegetation-less soils in the Tropics suitable plant, it is possible to self-sufficient energy supply the treatment of process water and drinking water to a minimum to reduce. Likewise, near human life fall like whatever type of organic waste, which for many reasons too eliminate and if possible beneficial, so that a processing and production of biogas is reachable. Independently thereof are also near the coast power plants created, on the one hand not insignificant amounts of water in one specific quality need and secondly process-accompanying waste products such as steam, which can be advantageously used for the recovery of water.

The Invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment become.

In the associated Drawing shows

1 the cross section of an inventively designed arrangement and

2 the section X-X 'the 1 ,

On the shore of a country body with almost tropical climatic conditions, near the shore of the sea, in the same near the beach, is a pontoon-like and buoyant hull 1 trained building body of 10 m width and 80 m length anchored. For one, this hull can 1 with the changes in water level caused by ebb and flow, and on the other hand, this hull is 1 stabilized so that its interior is about 2 m high filled with water.

About 5 cm below the water level in the longitudinal direction of the hull 1 are pipe coils 2 arranged, which have in a row recesses in the sense of small holes with the action of nozzles. In these coils 2 is via a pump 3 Blown in air. In addition, before supplying the preferably flexible air supply line 10 to the coils 2 a heat exchanger 4 integrated into the system. Through this flows the air to be injected. In this heat exchanger 4 is supplied by a near-shore power plant hot steam, which is obtained as residual steam during operation of the turbines, via a steam supply line 11 fed. This heats the air to be injected before entering the coils 2 entry. The heat exchanger 4 is statically stable on the grown ground and raised and the air supply 10 to the coils 2 is isolated.

In addition, alternate with the coils 2 arranged heating coils 12 formed, via which the befindli in the interior of the hull che water is additionally heated by a heat transfer medium. This heating is expediently carried out over accumulating energy, whose formation will not be discussed further in the exemplary embodiment. This energy can also be obtained from biogas.

The blowing of air over the coils 2 , in particular heated air, accelerates the evaporation of the hull 1 located seawater. Likewise, the water softens, promoting evaporation as well.

The hull 1 is completely roofed in the longitudinal direction arc-like. Through this arched curvature 5 The roofing forms forming condensate at the arched vault 5 down inside. Following gravity, this condensate runs laterally at the curvature 5 down.

Inside the room, on the inside of the arch-like vault 5 are in the longitudinal direction of the hull 1 slid in grooves mesh-like trained hanging surfaces 6 arranged. So that they have a relatively low weight, they are made of a mesh of synthetic fibers. These hanging surfaces 6 However, they can also be made from silage foil.

At these hanging areas 6 This is reflected in the condensation room 7 forming condensate down. Furthermore, this is the arch-like curvature 5 self-adjusting condensate also over these hanging surfaces 6 discharged downwards. The wire mesh-like design leads to a volume concentration of the condensate and thus to a faster expiration of relatively small but compact quantities. Below the hanging surfaces 6 are open-topped gutters 8th arranged. In this the condensate enters. By a one-sided tended ge attaching the gutters 8th follows the water obtained from the condensate of gravity and is fed to collecting vessels, from which it is supplied for further use.

The longitudinal side walls of the hull 1 are broken below the roof above the mirror of the surrounding sea, and they are gullies 8th' for collecting and discharging the inside and - in case of precipitation - outside accumulating water available. In order to continue to collect condensate dripping from the arcuate curvature, are with the gutters 8th' connected drainage surfaces 10 present, following the central axis of the hull 1 inclined upwards inwards and up to the vicinity of the hanging surfaces 6 are carried out reaching. On the representation of these grooves 8th' Covering foldable rows of brushes, which retain foreign bodies entrained in the rainwater, have been dispensed with.

An example is the arcuate curvature 5 made in triplicate in order to create isolation rooms which counteract cooling, and to obtain additional condensation surfaces.

The arched vault 5 is designed so that there are two longitudinally displaceable, complementary parts, which are dimensioned so that one part can be moved under the other.

If the salt-loaded water is too thick due to the evaporation process, can after removing the hanging surfaces 6 Both roof parts are pushed into each other and the brine, which has been adjusted, can be removed by means of a gripping tool.

1

hull

2

coils

3

pump

4

heat exchangers

5

arcuate bulge

6

Aufhangflächen

7

condensation chamber

8th; 8th'

run

9

drainage area

10

air supply

11

steam supply

12

heating coil

Claims (11)

Arrangement for the production of pure water from natural water, which consists of a structure arranged in direct connection with a water intake ( 1 ) is designed in the sense of a caisson with free interior for receiving incoming natural water, the building ( 1 ) has an inlet for entering into its interior inlet water, used for the discharge accumulated condensate and rainwater channel systems use and incorporate the in the process water drainage, characterized in that - for the evaporation of the in the building ( 1 ) entering water within the building ( 1 ) arranged below the inlet water level and provided with outlet openings pipe coil ( 2 ) is formed, which is the supply line and the outlet of air serving and the coil ( 2 ) has for this purpose recesses of small diameter, - over the building ( 1 ) is present in substantially close to the vertical reaching down a self-contained domed roof, the light is converted into heat, - under the roof surface inwardly and parallel thereto further curved surfaces are formed, - another, the heating and thus the self-heating coil connected to a heating device for increasing the evaporation rate of the natural water in the building ( 12 ) is formed, - on the inner surfaces of each of the lowest parallel to the roof surface spaced curved surface consisting of flat elements vertically hanging arranged hanging surfaces ( 6 ) are present for the condensate precipitation and in their longitudinal direction and in the fastening direction of the suspension surfaces ( 6 ) under these dripping condensate collecting a known guttering system ( 8th ; 8th' ) is present, - for detecting next to the hanging surfaces ( 6 ) in the condensation chamber ( 7 ) dripping condensate from the inside to the outside obliquely downward sloping drain surfaces ( 9 ) are formed, the irregularly dripping condensate outwards to the longitudinal sides of the building ( 1 ) laxative and there a bottom of the final edges of the roof gutter ( 8th' ) are formed zuleitend. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized that - the Roof arched on both sides is executed. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized that - all outside the arrangement laid the natural water leading Lines a light in heat have converting coating. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - with the heating coil ( 12 ) connected heating device is one which is configured to operate the heating coil to be supplied air by heating a solar thermal system heated. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - with the heating coil ( 12 ) connected heating device is one which is designed operated by the resulting hot water of a power plant. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that - in the air supply line ( 10 ), which are the coils ( 2 ) receives the heated air to be supplied, a heat exchanger which additionally heats the air ( 4 ) is integrated. Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that - the heat exchanger ( 4 ) has a biogas-powered heating device. Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that - the heat exchanger ( 4 ) has a natural gas-powered heating device. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that - the bottom of the outer side of the final edges of the roof below gutters ( 8th' ) acting as a filter against the disturbing particles located in the incoming rainwater obliquely reaching up to the outer surface of the roof there fitting and for the derivation of the There is a brush row located on the incident rainwater which contains disturbing particles. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that - the vertically suspended hanging surfaces ( 6 ) are designed like a wire mesh. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that - in the coil ( 2 ) existing recesses of small diameter with increasing from the Aufgabestelle the air distance adequate to the pressure drop adjusting this have a larger diameter.