WO2008071348A1 - Dispositif de chauffage ou de chauffage auxiliaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou de climatisation de véhicule à moteur - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage ou de chauffage auxiliaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou de climatisation de véhicule à moteur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008071348A1
WO2008071348A1 PCT/EP2007/010652 EP2007010652W WO2008071348A1 WO 2008071348 A1 WO2008071348 A1 WO 2008071348A1 EP 2007010652 W EP2007010652 W EP 2007010652W WO 2008071348 A1 WO2008071348 A1 WO 2008071348A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
webs
heater
electric heater
width
heating element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/010652
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Kohl
Otto Jürgen
Erwan Gogmos
Dieter Gross
Original Assignee
Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg
Behr France Rouffach Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg, Behr France Rouffach Sas filed Critical Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2008071348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008071348A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • Electric heater or auxiliary heater in particular for a heating or air conditioning system of a motor vehicle
  • the invention relates to an electric heater or auxiliary heater, in particular for a heating or air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • heat exchangers which are constructed of flat tubes through which a heat transfer medium flows, which emits heat in the heating case, at least at the outermost tubes an additional heating in
  • BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE Provide PTC heating elements form, which are usually ceramic PTC devices, which usually sets a surface temperature of between 110 and 160 0 C, regardless of the boundary conditions, such as applied voltage, nominal resistance, air flow. Due to limitations in design and geometry, the attachment or construction of an electric auxiliary heater is quite expensive. In addition, the ceramic PTC devices are relatively heavy.
  • Conventional PTC ceramic heaters which offer a very limited degree of freedom in the selection of a design form, use a fin member to improve the heat-radiating properties due to these design problems.
  • a radiator is known for example from JP-B2-3274234.
  • a corrugated fin is combined with the heater of the PTC heater by a metal plate, and heat exchange between the PTC heater and air is performed by this corrugated fin.
  • the generated heat of the PTC heater is thermally conducted through the metal plate to the corrugated fin and radiated from the corrugated fin to the air.
  • the disadvantage here is that the temperature of the corrugated fin, which is in contact with the air flow, is significantly lower than the temperature of the PTC radiator.
  • Electrode element known.
  • the radiator panels are for example, an electrically conductive resin in which an electrically conductive filler is mixed.
  • the electrically conductive resin generally has a positive resistance-temperature characteristic in which the electrical resistance increases at a predetermined temperature or higher. The current flows from one electrode element through the radiator plates to the other electrode element. This eliminates the corrugated fins in this direct heat transfer.
  • Plastic PTC elements themselves form the heating grid directly.
  • DE 10 2004 045 668 A1 shows such electrically heatable
  • Plastic matrices which may have, for example, a honeycomb structure or an air-foam structure.
  • Inlet and outlet of the stream contact means may be provided, for example in the form of combs with tines, which channels in the
  • Honeycomb structure are introduced by glued to the contact surfaces
  • Metal foils or by means of applied metal layers are Metal foils or by means of applied metal layers.
  • the application of the metal layers for example, by sputtering, the PVC process,
  • US 5,206,476 A discloses a PTC heater unit, which is arranged in the region of the outlets, wherein the PTC heater unit is formed by a polymer material having PTC properties, which has a plurality of rectangularly formed and arranged in a row air passages, which are traversed by air , On the top and bottom of the PTC element contact plates are provided for electrical contacting, so that the flow of current from the upper contact plate over the top of the PTC element through the individual webs to the bottom of the PTC element and then to the lower contact plate or vice versa.
  • Such a heater unit leaves nothing to be desired.
  • an electric heater or auxiliary heater in particular for a heating or air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, is provided, with at least one heating element, which has at least one PTC element, which serves to heat a flowing medium, and the PTC element at least one row, consisting of a plurality of webs, which are connected to each other via at least one connecting portion, and the PTC element for current in and out at two opposite edge regions, which are arranged perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the medium, electrically contacted is, wherein the connecting portion spaced from the electrically contacting edge regions is formed, and the spaced apart, outer ends of outer, outer webs of Stromein- or serve -out, ie there is no large-scale Stromein- or -austechnisch in or out the PTC element nt over the entire (closed) side surface.
  • the current transfer region (contact plate and PTC element) flows around air or possibly another suitable medium, so that the PTC element does not de-regulate in this area and ensures the power supply of the inner region and thus the heating power can be.
  • the medium is usually air, but the medium may be any other medium, in particular also a liquid, such as, in particular, oil, it being possible to provide corresponding properties and suitable measures for avoiding a flow of current through the medium.
  • simplicity is referred to the medium only as air.
  • the heating element is arranged directly in the air flow, a high power density can be achieved in conjunction with a homogeneous temperature distribution over the entire heat transfer surface of the heating element. Furthermore, since no additional heat transfer elements, such as corrugated fins or the like, have to be provided in the air stream (but possibly can), the pressure drop is not unnecessarily increased.
  • the heating element preferably has at least three rows, in particular preferably exactly three rows, of webs which are separated from one another by connecting areas. Such a heating element has a relatively high stability.
  • the width of the webs is preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 1 to 2.5 mm. Particularly preferably, the ridge widths of the inner and outer webs correspond.
  • the width of the connecting portion is preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 1 to 2.5 mm.
  • the width of the connecting regions corresponds to the width of the webs
  • the width of a connecting region corresponds to the width of a web.
  • the width of the air channels formed between the webs is preferably 1 to 10 mm, particularly preferably 2 to 8 mm.
  • connection region is formed at least in a sectional plane as a surface extending over the entire width of the heating element, and particularly preferably two mutually parallel connecting regions which are flat over the entire width of the heating element are provided.
  • the connecting region can be formed at least between two adjacent webs in a slope to the outer sides of the heating element arranged adjacent to the contact metal sheets. This allows a change in the direction of air flow and thus influences the flow direction of the air flowing out of the heater or heater. With a corresponding embodiment, for example, a directional or a diffuse air flow can be achieved.
  • the connecting portion is preferably disposed within a height range and spaced from the electrical contact, the height range being from a minimum height corresponding to the minimum width of a land or the minimum width of a joint region to a maximum height which is one third of the total height of the heating element corresponds, is enough.
  • At least a part of the webs runs parallel to each other.
  • at least a portion of the webs fan-like or otherwise at an angle not equal to 180 ° be arranged to each other, so that the air flow is fanned out or merged.
  • the fanning or merging can take place in the height and / or width direction of the heating element.
  • At least a part of the webs, in particular of the inner webs, is formed such that these webs extend over only a part of the total depth of the heating element.
  • At least the outer webs are formed continuously in the depth direction, i. the outer air ducts preferably extend over the entire depth direction of the heating element.
  • the outer webs are shorter than the inner webs formed.
  • the inner webs are formed at least twice, particularly preferably at least three times or four times as long as one of the outer webs.
  • connection region is zigzag-shaped or wave-shaped, with a web being provided on each mountain or under each valley.
  • a configuration shortens the path of the current through the heating element something. Furthermore, a more uniform current distribution over the entire area of the heating element results.
  • the width of the connecting region is preferably 40% to 60%, particularly preferably 50%, of the width of a web.
  • the webs and / or the connecting regions may have a surface-enlarging structure.
  • This structure may, for example, be formed by a plurality of grooves of any shape, nubs or ribs.
  • the PTC elements are preferably made of plastic elements with PTC
  • the PTC element especially in the case of a plastic PTC element, may be injection molded, extruded, sintered, or otherwise fabricated.
  • the heating element preferably consists of a polymer, particularly preferably a polyolefin, with electrically conductive filling materials, in particular with carbon, in particular in the form of soot particles. However, other suitable materials may also be used.
  • the plastic PTC element is partially, ie in the present case in the region of the ends of the outer webs, provided with at least one electrically conductive surface coating, hereinafter referred to as coating.
  • coating an electrically conductive surface coating reduces the surface resistance and thus the contact resistance, wherein a direct electrical connection of electrically conductive particles in the PTC element takes place, and thus simplifies the power supply and / or -deritung, so that a large-area contact can be omitted, thereby reduce the cost and also the weight of the heater.
  • the PTC elements are preferably provided with two electrically conductive coatings which are spatially separated from one another by the PTC element.
  • the coatings are arranged so that the PTC element flows through as large as possible and is thus heated accordingly.
  • the thickness and thus the distance of the two coatings of the PTC element is formed as constant as possible.
  • the current flow is preferably along the shortest path through the PTC element.
  • a corresponding coating also results in an improvement of the heat transfer.
  • the coating will preferably formed by silver, aluminum, copper or gold and corresponding alloys, other good current conducting materials are also possible.
  • the coating can also be of multilayer design, for example by a copper layer applied to plastic.
  • the coating may preferably be by vapor deposition (e.g., PVC process, CVD process), plating, electrodeposition, and / or thermal spraying. Other methods are also possible.
  • vapor deposition e.g., PVC process, CVD process
  • plating e.g., plating, electrodeposition, and / or thermal spraying.
  • thermal spraying e.g., plating, electrodeposition, and / or thermal spraying.
  • Other methods are also possible.
  • an electrically conductive film can be glued, wherein the film can also be designed to be self-adhesive.
  • the contact plate and / or the heating element can be connected to each other by means of mechanical joining, for example by means of compression, for example in a frame, or a biasing spring which is inserted into the frame with the other components. Also, a bonding is possible.
  • the adhesive can be applied and cured in any desired manner.
  • the adhesive may form a continuous layer, but preferably contact points for electrical contacting are provided, on which the parts to be connected are in direct contact with each other. In particular, in this case, the use of a low-cost, insulating adhesive is possible.
  • a particularly simple electrical contact between heating element and contact plate is possible in that slots are formed in the contact plate, in which elongated outer webs or the outer ends of spacers are inserted and fixed therein.
  • the slots may be double-T-shaped, so that tongues are provided on both sides in the depth direction of the heating element, which bear resiliently against the side surfaces of the webs or spacers and hold the same.
  • a staggered arrangement of extended trained webs or spacers can be mounted on both sides of the contact plate heating elements on the same, so that a very simple and compact construction of a heater or auxiliary heater, for example. For two heating zones is possible.
  • the contact sheets preferably have a thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 mm, in particular 0.5 to 2.0 mm. They are preferably made of aluminum, copper, a copper-zinc alloy, optionally with silicon, or steel, in particular spring steel. However, other electrically conductive materials are possible.
  • the outer contact plates are preferably connected to the minus pole and / or the inner contact plates are connected to the plus pole.
  • One or more such electrical heaters or heaters are preferably used in a motor vehicle heating or air conditioning system.
  • a corresponding arrangement of PTC elements both in the region of the heater, i.
  • the housing of an air conditioner used as a heater and in the area of the air ducts just before the vents, where the PTC elements generate additional heat when needed "on site”.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of FIG. 1 to illustrate the flow of current
  • 3 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of Fig. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of Fig. 5,
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of Fig. 7,
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of Fig. 9,
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the seventh embodiment, 13 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of Fig. 12,
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to a variant of the seventh embodiment
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to another variant of the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the eighth embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the ninth embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the tenth embodiment
  • FIG. 19 is a section through the heater of FIG. 18,
  • 21 is a section through the heater of FIG. 20,
  • FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an electric auxiliary heater according to the twelfth embodiment
  • FIG. 23 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of FIG. 22;
  • FIG. FIG. 24 shows an edge region of an auxiliary heater according to the first exemplary embodiment, FIG.
  • FIG. 25 shows a schematic representation of the edge region of FIG. 24 in the case of a clamped auxiliary heater
  • Fig. 26 is a schematic illustration of the edge portion of Fig. 24im
  • Fig. 27 is a schematic representation of the edge region of Fig. 24 in the case of an auxiliary heater, wherein the contact plate with the
  • Ends of the outer webs is encapsulated
  • Fig. 29 is a fragmentary enlarged view of the auxiliary heater of Fig. 28, and
  • FIG. 30 is a fragmentary, enlarged view of an additional heater according to a variant of the auxiliary heater of Fig. 28.
  • An electric heater 1 with a depth of 25 mm for an automotive air conditioning system (not shown), according to the first
  • Embodiment a block-like design and with a plurality of continuous in the air flow direction, parallel to each other
  • the heating element 2 consists of a plastic with PTC properties, in the present case of a polyolefin with soot particles, for which reason reference is also made below to the heating element 2 as a PTC element.
  • the PTC element is produced by means of spraying; alternatively, other production methods, such as are known in particular from the production of plastics, are possible, such as, for example, extrusion or sintering.
  • a plastic PTC element another suitable material with PTC properties can also be used.
  • the contact plates 3 are electrically highly conductive metal sheets, which are connected to a power source (not shown).
  • the contact plates 3 forming the electrodes are in the present case steel sheets with a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • the auxiliary heater 1 is arranged downstream of the heater in the airflow flowing through the motor vehicle air-conditioning system, but the auxiliary heater can also be arranged elsewhere in an air duct, for example shortly before the outflows, through which the air enters the vehicle interior flows. In this case, the air to be heated is passed both through the openings in the heating element 2.
  • the heating element 2 in the present case has three rows of webs 4 arranged parallel to one another and with respect to the contact sheets 3, namely upper and lower outer webs 4a and central, inner webs 4b, which are each provided with air passages 5, namely outer air passages 5a between the outer webs 4a and inner air passages 5b between the inner webs 4b, are separated from each other and offset with respect to the adjacent web row gap to each other.
  • connection regions 6 are formed, via which a transverse distribution of the current flow between the webs 4th can be done.
  • the two connection regions 6 are arranged parallel to one another and to the contact plates 3 and each have a thickness which corresponds to the width of the webs 4.
  • the connecting regions 6 are each closer to the outside of the heating element 2, that is arranged at the corresponding contact plate 3, as at the other connection region 6, that is, the outer webs 4a are shorter than the inner webs 4b.
  • the width of the webs 4 of the individual rows is the same here and is 2 mm.
  • the width of the air channels 5, which are formed between the webs 4, is slightly larger than the width of the webs 4 and in the present case is 2.5 mm.
  • the length of the outer webs 4a, which corresponds to the distance of the contact plates 3 from the connection region 5, is presently 3 mm, the length of the inner webs 4b is in the present case 30 mm.
  • the PTC element heats up in the corresponding one
  • the power densities of the surface of the individual webs 4 of the PTC element are presently about 0.45 watts / cm 2 in an air flow with an air volume of more than 1 kg / min, and an air inlet temperature in the heater 1 of less than 40 0 C.
  • the power densities under corresponding conditions based on the volume of the entire PTC element in the present case is about 4.0 watts / cm 3 .
  • the second exemplary embodiment which is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, does not correspond explicitly to the first exemplary embodiment, so that identical or equivalent components or regions of components are provided with the same reference numerals as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the webs 4a and 4b are not arranged on a gap, but are aligned with one another, so that a grid-like structure is produced in the contact plate-side outer regions of the heating element 2. Furthermore, the transition to the connecting regions 6, in contrast to the first embodiment, is rounded and not angular.
  • the air flow through the heater 1 is shown schematically in FIG. As indicated here, a flow through the outer air channels 5a is again provided in this embodiment in order to To cool the Stromeinleit- and -ausleit Scheme in or out of the outer webs 4a.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show a third embodiment of an auxiliary heater 1, which corresponds in principle to the two embodiments described above, so that the same or equivalent components or areas of components are provided with the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment.
  • the distribution of the inner and outer webs 4b and 4a is different, since the widths b of the outer air ducts 5a is different from the widths a of the inner air ducts 5b, wherein in the present case, the width b of the outer air ducts greater than that Width a of the inner air channels is (see Fig. 6).
  • the transitions of the webs 4a and 4b to the connecting portions 6 is rounded in accordance with the second embodiment.
  • the third embodiment not shown in the drawing also varies the distance of the inner and the outer webs across the width of the auxiliary heater, wherein in the present case, the distance in the outer regions is slightly less than in the central region. Any other variations in the distance of the inner and / or outer webs from each other are possible.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show a further, fourth exemplary embodiment of an auxiliary heater 1 according to the invention.
  • the transition regions between the webs 4 and the connecting regions 6 are designed to be completely rounded, ie the individual regions flow into one another in a flowing manner. Further, the end portions are chamfered and thereby an improved flow path in the air inlet region is possible.
  • the outer and inner webs 4a and 4b are aligned with each other, but also an offset can be provided.
  • the fifth exemplary embodiment of an auxiliary heater 1 illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 substantially corresponds to the first exemplary embodiment, so that identical or equivalent components or regions of components are provided with the same reference numerals as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • each of the two connection regions 6-in contrast to the first exemplary embodiment-runs in a zig-zag shape with presently right angles in the region of the branching of the inner and outer webs 4b and 4a.
  • the width of the webs 4 is constant.
  • the width of the connecting portion 6 is presently about half as large as the width of the webs 4.
  • the two connecting portions 6 are - according to the first embodiment - respectively arranged in the vicinity of the corresponding contact plate 3, but between the connecting portion 6 and the contact plate 3 a A plurality of outer air channels for cooling the outer webs 4a is provided.
  • connection region instead of right angles in the zig-zag-shaped connection region, as provided according to the fifth embodiment, also blunt or more acute angles can be provided. Likewise, for example, a wave-shaped course of the connection region can be provided.
  • the sixth exemplary embodiment of an auxiliary heater 1 illustrated in FIG. 11 substantially corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment, so that identical or equivalent components or regions of components are provided with the same reference numerals as in the second exemplary embodiment.
  • the inner Webs 4b formed in the depth direction of the heating element 2 is not over the entire depth, but each only over half of the depth, wherein adjacent webs 4b are arranged offset, ie a luftanström deviser web 4b 1 , which extends from the air inlet side to the center of the heating element 2 , is disposed in the center of the heating element 2 (viewed in the depth direction) adjacent an air downstream web 4b "extending from the center of the heating element 2 to the air exit side of the heating element 2.
  • the outer webs 4a are formed continuously in the depth direction and over the Width of the heating element at equidistant intervals and each aligned with an air-upstream web 4b 1 and a luftabström disorderen web 4b "arranged, ie, the outer air channels 5a are formed continuously.
  • a configuration as provided in the inner webs of the present embodiment, possible.
  • the lengths of the air-upstream and downstream edges correspond to each other, and the sum of the ridge lengths gives the length of an outer ridge.
  • the webs may be spaced apart in the depth direction, so that the sum of the web lengths of the air-upstream and downstream webs is smaller than the length of an outer web, but this reduces the heating power in relation to the overall depth.
  • a (short) overlap would be possible.
  • the air upstream and downstream air webs need not be the same length.
  • variations of the individual web lengths over the width of the heating element are possible.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show a seventh embodiment of an additional heater 1 according to the invention, wherein the same or equivalent components or areas of components with the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment are provided.
  • the sectional profile in a section perpendicular to the (normal) air flow direction centered by the heating element 2 according to the seventh embodiment corresponds in this case to a section through the heating element according to the second embodiment, but missing the rounding.
  • a clear offset of the individual connecting regions 6, which originate from a web 4 results on the air inlet side and the air outlet side.
  • the maximum offset on the air inlet side and the air outlet side corresponds approximately to the width of a web, which in the present case also corresponds to the width of the connecting regions.
  • Figures 14 and 15 show variants of the seventh embodiment.
  • the connecting region 6 is widened.
  • the maximum offset on the air inlet side and the air outlet side, as shown in Fig. 14, is greater than the width of a land, but slightly smaller than the width of the joint areas.
  • the width of the webs 4 and the connecting region 6 is the same.
  • the maximum offset is about twice the width of a web.
  • Fig. 16 shows a heater 1 according to the eighth embodiment.
  • the arrangement of the webs 4 and connecting portions 6 on the air inlet side corresponds to that of the second embodiment, However, the rounding between the webs and connecting portions are formed smaller.
  • the connecting regions 6 extend upwards or downwards, so that again an offset results on the air outlet side.
  • the connecting regions between two adjacent webs 4 run parallel to one another, but another embodiment is also possible.
  • FIG. 17 shows a further heater 1, which has different angles of inclination of the connecting regions 6, so that the cross-sectional areas of the individual air passages 5 vary greatly.
  • the maximum offset of a portion of the connecting portions 6, the same extends up to about one third of the height of the heating element 2 zoom.
  • Figures 18 and 19 show a tenth embodiment of an auxiliary heater 1, which parallel to each other and to the contact plates 3 extending connecting portions 6 but different orientations of
  • outer and inner webs are aligned in the present case. In order to avoid too large a distance between the individual webs 4, in each case between the web forming the outside and the adjacent web
  • Jetty provided in its depth significantly shortened jetty.
  • Figures 20 and 21 show an eleventh embodiment of a combination of the two previous embodiments, so that the heater
  • Width of the heating element 2 varying inclination angles and different orientations of the webs 4, wherein the webs 4 - apart from the two outer sides forming webs - are aligned fan-shaped.
  • the outer and inner webs are aligned in the present case.
  • Figures 22 and 23 show a tenth embodiment, which substantially corresponds to the second embodiment.
  • a plurality of U-shaped grooves running in the depth direction are provided in the region of the webs 4, which enlarge the surface, so that the power density can be increased.
  • connection regions 6 are formed without such structures, but a corresponding configuration can also be made in this region.
  • each of the connection regions is designed to extend in a continuous line in at least one sectional plane, or at least is arranged within a certain height range.
  • the height range in this case extends from a minimum height, which corresponds to the minimum web width or the minimum width of the connecting region, to a maximum height, which corresponds to one third of the total height of the heating element, in particular up to a height which corresponds to a quarter of the total height of the heating element ,
  • connection of the contact plates 3 to the ends of the outer webs 4a can be done in any way.
  • the contact sheets 3 can be clamped, as shown schematically in FIG. For this are
  • Heating element and contact plates arranged in a frame and the required force for clamping the elements can, for example, be applied by a spring.
  • clip connections in the form of spring arms, which are formed on the contact plate, and projections or openings, which are formed on the heating element, may be provided for fixing the elements together.
  • Alternatively - or in conjunction with a terminal - heating element and contact plate 3 can be glued, as shown schematically in Fig. 26.
  • an electrically insulating adhesive the same is displaced in the context of compression from the gap between the contact plate and heating element and collects laterally adjacent to the end of the outer web 4a in the throat between contact plate and web.
  • contact sheets 3 are also possible to encapsulate the contact sheets 3 with the PTC material, with the contact sheets 3 preferably having corresponding openings, such as slots and / or bores, in order to be securely held by means of the material which has penetrated through the openings as a result of positive locking ( see Fig. 27).
  • appropriate coatings may be provided on areas of the surface of the heating element.
  • auxiliary heater 1 comprising four independently switchable heating elements 2, with only one centrally arranged connecting region 6, extends from the webs which are aligned with each other.
  • the webs of adjacent heating elements 2 are aligned with each other.
  • the individual heating elements are present alternately arranged with contact plates 3 braced in a frame (not shown). Alternatively, they can be glued, for example or otherwise connected to each other to form a sufficient contact surface.
  • FIG. 30 shows a variant of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 28, according to which webs, which are formed integrally on a central connecting web, are each arranged offset from one another in a gap.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de chauffage ou de chauffage auxiliaire électrique (1), en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou de climatisation de véhicule à moteur, qui comporte au moins un élément de chauffage (2) pourvu d'au moins un élément CTP qui sert à réchauffer un milieu en écoulement. Ledit élément CTP comporte au moins une rangée constituée d'une pluralité de barrettes (4) reliées les unes aux autres par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une zone de liaison (6), et se trouve en contact électrique pour l'entrée ou la sortie de courant au niveau de deux zones de bord opposées qui sont situées perpendiculairement ou pratiquement perpendiculairement au sens d'écoulement du milieu. La zone de liaison (6) est située à une certaine distance des zones de bord en contact électrique et les extrémités externes situées à une certaine distance les unes des autres de barrettes externes (4a) situées à l'extérieur servent à l'entrée ou à la sortie du courant.
PCT/EP2007/010652 2006-12-11 2007-12-07 Dispositif de chauffage ou de chauffage auxiliaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou de climatisation de véhicule à moteur WO2008071348A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06291906.3 2006-12-11
EP06291906.3A EP1933598B1 (fr) 2006-12-11 2006-12-11 Chauffage ou chauffage supplémentaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou climatisation d'un véhicule

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008071348A1 true WO2008071348A1 (fr) 2008-06-19

Family

ID=37916854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/010652 WO2008071348A1 (fr) 2006-12-11 2007-12-07 Dispositif de chauffage ou de chauffage auxiliaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou de climatisation de véhicule à moteur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1933598B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008071348A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014019377B4 (de) 2013-12-31 2022-12-08 Hanon Systems PTC -Heizer

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2161515B1 (fr) * 2008-09-05 2016-11-09 Mahle Behr France Rouffach S.A.S Échangeur de chaleur
DE102013105686B4 (de) 2013-06-03 2015-10-08 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Fahrzeugheizung
DE102016209012A1 (de) * 2015-12-18 2017-06-22 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Heizeinrichtung
DE102017121060A1 (de) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Elektrisches Heizgerät
DE102018200433A1 (de) * 2018-01-11 2019-07-11 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
DE102018200938A1 (de) 2018-01-22 2019-07-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Temperiervorrichtung insbesondere zum Erwärmen eines Innenraums eines Fahrzeugs und/oder von Aggregaten des Fahrzeugs

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2364654A1 (de) * 1973-12-24 1975-06-26 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Heizvorrichtung
DE19804496A1 (de) * 1998-02-05 1999-08-12 Voigtsberger Hans Juergen Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement mit einem Wabenkörper aus Widerstandsmaterial mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandes (PTC-Widerstand)
DE10060301A1 (de) * 2000-12-05 2003-01-30 Hermsdorfer Inst Tech Keramik Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement mit einem Wabenkörper
FR2859866A1 (fr) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-18 Valeo Climatisation Element resistif chauffant et ensemble chauffant comprenant cet element
EP1675433A1 (fr) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-28 Schütz GmbH & Co. KGaA Dispositif de chauffage d'air

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5206476A (en) 1991-09-30 1993-04-27 General Motors Corporation Supplementary automobile duct heater
ES2098394T3 (es) 1992-06-23 1997-05-01 David & Baader Dbk Spezfab Radiador.
JP2005001447A (ja) 2003-06-10 2005-01-06 Denso Corp 電気ヒータ、暖房用熱交換器および車両用空調装置
ATE381241T1 (de) 2003-10-31 2007-12-15 Behr Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrisch beheizbare kunststoffmatrix

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2364654A1 (de) * 1973-12-24 1975-06-26 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Heizvorrichtung
DE19804496A1 (de) * 1998-02-05 1999-08-12 Voigtsberger Hans Juergen Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement mit einem Wabenkörper aus Widerstandsmaterial mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandes (PTC-Widerstand)
DE10060301A1 (de) * 2000-12-05 2003-01-30 Hermsdorfer Inst Tech Keramik Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement mit einem Wabenkörper
FR2859866A1 (fr) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-18 Valeo Climatisation Element resistif chauffant et ensemble chauffant comprenant cet element
EP1675433A1 (fr) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-28 Schütz GmbH & Co. KGaA Dispositif de chauffage d'air

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014019377B4 (de) 2013-12-31 2022-12-08 Hanon Systems PTC -Heizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1933598B1 (fr) 2013-11-13
EP1933598A1 (fr) 2008-06-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1933598B1 (fr) Chauffage ou chauffage supplémentaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou climatisation d'un véhicule
EP1839920B1 (fr) Chauffage électrique pour un système de climatisation d'un véhicule
EP1714810B1 (fr) Chauffage supplémentaire électrique pour un système de climatisation d'un véhicule
WO2006012963A1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage comportant un element chauffant, destine notamment a un vehicule a moteur
EP0194507B1 (fr) Elément chauffant pour chauffer des milieux d'écoulement, en particulier sous forme gazeuse
EP1935684B1 (fr) Chauffage électrique ou chauffage, en particulier pour un climatiseur ou une installation de chauffage d'un véhicule automobile
WO2009087106A1 (fr) Module à lamelles d'échangeur thermique, échangeur thermique et module de chauffage électrique
DE102005026238A1 (de) Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
DE202005008318U1 (de) Heizvorrichtung zum Erwärmen eines Luftstroms, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP1933597B1 (fr) Chauffage ou chauffage supplémentaire électrique, en particulier pour un système de chauffage ou climatisation d'un véhicule
EP2145783A2 (fr) Chauffage de véhicule
DE102010033309A1 (de) Wärmetauscher-Lamellenmodul, Wärmetauscher und elektrisches Heizmodul
DE19804496A1 (de) Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement mit einem Wabenkörper aus Widerstandsmaterial mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandes (PTC-Widerstand)
EP1522439B2 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage avec élément à coefficient positif, en particulier pour un véhicule automobile
EP2562485B1 (fr) Chauffage de milieux
EP2253921A2 (fr) Nervure pour un caloporteur
DE102006025320A1 (de) Wärmetauscher, insbesondere für eine Heizungs- oder Klimaanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs
EP1593536B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour séparer l'écoulement de fluides dans un dispositif de chauffage
EP1445553B1 (fr) Echangeur de chaleur
DE102018207037A1 (de) Elektrische Heizeinrichtung mit einem eine Rippenstruktur aufweisenden Kühlkörper
DE10208153A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme
EP1885159B1 (fr) Ensemble de chauffage électrique, notamment pour véhicule automobile
EP3511645B1 (fr) Dispositif de chauffage électrique
EP3731596B1 (fr) Échangeur de chaleur spirale
DE19712178C2 (de) Elektrische Heizeinrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07856456

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07856456

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1