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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/14—Drugs for dermatological disorders for baldness or alopecia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings

Definitions

• This application is directed to novel metabolites of talarozole (formerly referred to as rambazole).
• the application is also directed to the use of these metabolites for the treatment of various skin-, hair- and nail-associated disorders.
• Talarozole (R)-N-[4-[2-ethyl-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazole-lyl)butyl]phenyl]-2- benzothiazolamine) (formerly referred to as rambazole) is a novel enantiomerically pure retinoic acid metabolism-blocking agent (RAMBA).
• RAMBA retinoic acid metabolism-blocking agent
• topical talarozole has demonstrated potential effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis, acne and photo-damage.
• Oral talarozole is being developed for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and potentially acne. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos.
• An aspect of the invention is a novel isolated metabolite of talarozole as represented by Formula I.
• R H, OH, OSO 3 H or O-gly
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound selected from the group consisting of
• Another aspect of the invention is the treatment of keratinization-associated disorders (e.g., various skin-, hair- and nail-associated disorders) in a warm-blooded mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of a talarozole metabolite of Formula I.
• keratinization-associated disorders e.g., various skin-, hair- and nail-associated disorders
• Another aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a novel metabolite of talarozole and a diluent or carrier.
• Figure 1 shows a comparison of the various talarozole metabolites across selected animal species.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the metabolites of the invention include the conventional non-toxic salts that are known in the art and which are formed by the addition of inorganic or organic acids or bases.
• acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, acetate, adipate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, citrate, camphorate, dodecylsulfate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nitrate, oxalate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, sulfate and tartrate.
• Base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine salts and salts with amino acids such as arginine. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with, for example, alkyl halides.
• the glycoside is a glucuronide formed by the reaction between glucuronic acid and one or more hydroxyl groups present in the metabolite.
• compositions of the invention may also include stabilizers and preservatives.
• stabilizers and adjuvants known to those of skill in the art, see Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21 st ed. (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins (2005)).
• novel metabolites of this invention may be administered alone or preferably as a pharmaceutical formulation comprising the metabolite together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• other therapies known to those of skill in the art may be combined with the administration of the metabolites of the invention. More than one metabolite may be present in a single composition.
• the metabolites of the invention are potential biological process modulators that likely impact cell proliferation and differentiation (e.g., keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, sebocytes), immune function (e.g., hemapoeic cells) and may be used in the treatment of skin-, hair- and nail- disorders such as, but not limited to, psoriasis, acne, actinic keratosis, eczema, rosacea, ichthyosis, alopecia and photodamaged skin. Further, the metabolites of the invention may be use in the treatment of cancer, such as prostate cancer, basal and squamous cell carcinomas and melanoma.
• cancer such as prostate cancer, basal and squamous cell carcinomas and melanoma.
• This invention includes methods for the treatment of keratinization disorders in a mammal, including a human, comprising administering to said mammal an amount of the compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising or consisting of the compound of the invention, that is effective in inhibiting or arresting IP-IO dependent growth of abnormally proliferating epidermal cells, such as keratinocytes, without the addition of other therapeutic agents.
• the abnormal cell growth is a type of carcinoma, including but not limited to, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma.
• the abnormal cell growth is a type of melanoma.
• an "effective amount” is an amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results.
• a therapeutic amount is one that achieves the desired therapeutic effect.
• the daily dose may range from about 0.005 to about 5 mg/kg. This amount may be the same or different from a prophylactically effective amount, which is an amount necessary to prevent the onset of disease or disease symptoms.
• An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations, applications or dosages.
• Methods of determining the most effective means and dosage of administration are well known to those of skill in the art and will vary with the composition used for therapy, the purpose of the therapy, the target cell being treated and the subject being treated. Single or multiple administrations can be carried out with the dose level and pattern being selected by the treating physician.
• the recipient of the metabolites of the invention is a warm-blooded mammal, preferably a human.
• compositions containing the metabolites of the invention can be administered by any suitable route, including oral, rectal, intranasal, topical (including transdermal, aerosol, buccal and sublingual), parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), intraperitoneal and pulmonary. It will be appreciated that the preferred route will vary with the condition and age of the recipient, and the disease being treated.
• Mouse, rat, dog and human were the species used for the safety evaluations of talarozole. More specifically, the disposition of 14 C-labeled talarozole was examined in mice, rats, dogs and humans after oral administration to provide information regarding the absorption, metabolism and excretion of talarozole.
• Example 1 Analysis of Talarozole Metabolites
• LSC liquid scintillation counting
• Metabolite characterization and identification were accomplished by LC/MS (Finnigan MAT LCQ in positive or negative ESI mode) in conjunction with an appropriate radioactive monitor (RAM).
• Plasma was analyzed at several time-points out to 24 hours.
• Urine was analyzed over one time-interval (0-24 hours for mouse, 0-48 hours for rat, 0-72 hours for dog, and for in the human study, 0-12, 12-24, 24-48, 0-48 hours.
• Feces was analyzed over 2-3 time intervals (0-24 and 24-48 hours for mouse and rat; 0-24, 24-48, and 48-72 hours for male dogs; and 24-48, 48-72, and 72-96 hours for female dogs).
• PK parameters for l4 C-labeled talarozole radioactivity was determined from the mean (mouse and rat) or individual (dog and human) plasma concentration versus time data. PK parameter values were determined by non-compartmental methods using WinNonlinTM.
• Example 2 Effects on Epithelial Differentiation in Rat Vagina: Inhibition of Vaginal Keratinization Induced by Estrogenic Treatment in Ovariectomized Rats by Oral Administration of Talarozole Metabolite M4
• RA retinoic acid
• Example 3 Talarozole Metabolites for Suppression of IP-IO Production by IFN ⁇ - Activated Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
• IP-10 a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines, attracts T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. IP-10 is upregulated in, for example, psoriasis. In particular, epidermal keratinocytes of psoriatic lesions express elevated levels of IP-10. Suppression of IP-10 expression by activated keratinocytes may represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention of inflammatory skin disorders. Talarozole, its enanantiomer and metabolite M4 were observed to down regulate dose-dependently IP-10 expression as shown in Figure 1.
• talarozole was extensively metabolized, with the majority of metabolites excreted in the feces. In addition to uncharged drug, 17, 26 and 19 radioactive components were observed in plasma, urine, and feces from mouse, rat and dog, respectively. Unchanged 14 C -labeled talarozole, M3, M4, M9 and Ml 3 were the prominent radioactive components in mouse plasma. Rat had the greatest number of circulating metabolites in plasma. In addition to the metabolites observed in mouse, Ml 1, Ml 2 and Ml 6 were observed in rat plasma. In the dog, only unchanged 14 C-labeled talarozole and M4 were characterized.
• Unchanged 14 C-labeled talarozole and M4 were the prominent metabolites in mouse feces, accounting for 6.1 1 and 10.56% of the dose in male mouse feces and 7.04 and 15.16% of the dose in female mouse feces.
• Unchanged 1 4 C-labeled talarozole, M4, M14 and Ml 5 were the major metabolites in rat feces, and accounted for 5.34, 4.95, 5.05 and 6.42% of the dose in male rat feces and 4.60, 7.76, 4.82 and 2.38% of the dose in female rat feces.
• M8 and M4 were the major metabolites in dog feces, and accounted for 11.73 and 19.88% of the dose in male dog feces and 8.86 and 17.01% of the dose in female dog feces.
• No unchanged 14 C-labeled talarozole was detected in mouse urine.
• Unchanged C-labeled talarozole and M4 were observed as minor radio-components in rat urine, accounting for 0.07-1.90% of the dose.
• Two minor metabolites, M9 and MlO were identified in dog urine, accounting for 0.45-1.34% of the dose.
• talarozole was extensively metabolized. In addition to the unchanged talarozole, a total of seven metabolites were characterized or identified.
• M3 and M4 were identified as monohydroxylated talarozole.
• M 14a and M 14b were proposed as dihydroxylated talarozole.
• Ml 8 and Ml 9 were characterized as the glucuronides of dihydroxylated talarozole.
• the protonated molecular ion was determined for Ml 7, but no structure could be proposed based on the available data.
• the major metabolic routes for ( 14 C)-labeled talarozole in humans were oxidation at multiple sites, followed by glucuronidation. Based on AUCo -24h , unchanged talarozole accounted for 6.03% of the total plasma radioactivity.
• M4 Three major circulating metabolites, M4, M14a, and Ml 8, accounted for 27.8%, 12.8% and 10.7% of the total plasma radioactivity, respectively. Ml 9 accounted for 5.60% of the total plasma radioactivity. Unchanged talarozole, M4, M14a, M18, and M19 accounted for 62.9% of the total plasma radioactivity based on AUCo -24h values. Metabolite M4 was a major fecal metabolite, accounting for 16% of the dose in the human feces. Unchanged talarozole and all other fecal metabolites were minor, accounting for less than 5% of the dose.
• Unchanged talarozole was not found in the 0 to 48 hour human urine samples and all urine metabolites accounted for ⁇ 1% of the dose. Unchanged talarozole and M4 were minor radioactive components in the semen samples and M 14a was a major semen metabolite.
• Table 3 lists the talarozole metabolites characterized and/or identified by LC/MS/MS. 14 C-labeled talarozole was observed to metabolize to M4 via oxidation of the benzthiazole ring, and to M3 and Ml 3 via oxidation of the alkyl side change. Dioxidation of both the benzthiazole ring and the alkyl side chain yielded M 14 and Ml 5. Conjugation of M4 with a glucuronyl or sulfate moiety resulted in M9 and M 16, respectively. Conjugation of M14 and Ml 5 with a sulfate moiety yielded Ml 1 and M12, respectively. Another metabolite route found only in dogs yielded the addition of 162 atomic mass units (likely, a monosaccharide) to M4 or M9 to provide M8 and MlO, respectively.
• 162 atomic mass units likely, a monosaccharide
• Rl 15866 talarozole

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• 2007
  • 2007-10-17 EP EP07854136A patent/EP2114895A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-10-17 JP JP2009533511A patent/JP5343267B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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• 2012
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