Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
  • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
  • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
  • E02D29/1418—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers with implements to assist in lifting, e.g. counterweights, springs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
  • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
  • E02D29/1454—Non-circular covers, e.g. hexagonal, elliptic
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
  • E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
  • E02D29/1463—Hinged connection of cover to frame

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hinge device for a buffer or cover to a frame in the form of a quadrilateral, including a manhole.
• Such a device allows the tilting of the buffer relative to the frame between a lowered position of closure in which the buffer is in thickness in the sides of the frame to apply at least partially on a rabbet of the frame and close the opening bordered by the sides of the frame, and a raised position of access to the opening of the frame.
• the hinge devices that have been proposed until now to switch a buffer or cover from its closed position of the frame to its open position, and vice versa, are of an extremely complex structure and are not adapted to facilitate the maneuvering operations of the buffer at its positions of opening or closing the frame.
• the object of the invention is to provide a hinge device of an extremely simple structure and which also allows an operator to easily switch the buffer from its open position or closing the frame without significant effort.
• the device for hinging a buffer or cover to a frame in the form of a quadrilateral, in particular a manhole, allowing the pad to tilt relative to the frame between a lowered position of closure wherein the pad is thick in the sides of the frame to at least partially apply to a rabbet of the frame and close the opening bordered by the sides of the frame and a raised position of access to the frame opening is characterized in that it comprises two lateral pairs of connecting rods connecting the buffer to the frame, the two links of the same pair being disposed respectively in two planes parallel to the corresponding side of the frame and having two of their connected ends articulated to the side of the frame about two transverse axes to this side and two other opposite ends connected to the buffer hinged under that around two axes parallel to the axes of articulation of the connecting rods to the frame and located near the edge of the pad perpendicular to the hinge side of the connecting rods to the frame being spaced apart from each other in a direction per
• Each pair of links comprises on the one hand a shorter link length whose end articulated to the side of the frame is located at a relatively short distance from the corresponding end of this side and the opposite end connected to the buffer is located near the corresponding bank of the buffer and on the other hand a longer rod whose end hinged to the side of the frame is located at a distance farther from the end of this side than that of the end of the shorter rod length and the opposite end articulated to the buffer is located at a distance from the buffer edge further than that of the hinge end of the rod shorter length.
• the device comprises, secured to each side of the frame therein, a member for exerting on the buffer a thrust force substantially perpendicular to the plane web of the buffer as soon as a lifting force is applied to the pad from its lowered closed position so as to disengage, by the combined forces exerted by the rods 8 and the thrust members, the frame buffer a predetermined height before the links can cause the tilting of the buffer to its raised and inverted position.
• each thrust member comprises a sliding guide rod, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the side of the frame, in a body secured to this side, the rod having an end head on which bears the buffer in its lowered closed position so as to drive the rod into the body against the biasing force of an elastic member, such as a helical compression spring.
• an elastic member such as a helical compression spring
• the device is provided with assistance means for opening or closing the buffer.
• assistance means comprise two lateral gas cylinders each connected articulated between the frame and the buffer and parallel to the plane web of the latter.
• the two rods of the same pair are connected articulated to the buffer via a rigid arm secured to the pad perpendicular to the edge of the pad.
• Each assistance cylinder at one of its ends connected hinged to the buffer arm at a distance farther from the edge of the buffer than that of the end of the rod of greater length to this bank.
• Each assistance cylinder has its end connected hinged towards the end of the side of the frame opposite to that in the vicinity of which is articulated the end of the rod of shorter length.
• Each assistance cylinder has its connected rod hinged to the side of the frame and its connected cylinder articulated to the buffer.
• the longer link of each pair of links is hinged to the corresponding side of the frame at a lower level than that of the hinge end to that side of the shorter link associated length.
• the links and the assistance cylinders are articulated to the parallel sides of the frame by means of two plates removably attached to these two sides and two bars can be fixed at their ends transversely between the two plates in the vicinity of the ends of the latter. and the two plates can be detached from their respective sides of the frame so as to remove from this frame the assembly constituted by the buffer, the rods, the assistance cylinders, the plates and the two connecting bars one to one. other of the two decks.
• the ratio of distances between the axes of articulation of the longest link to the shorter link is about 2.6.
• the distance between the hinge pins of the larger link is about 350 mm and that between the hinge pins of the shorter link is about 135 mm.
• the distance separating the axis of articulation from the shortest link to the corresponding bank of the buffer is approximately 20 mm, the distance separating the two axes of articulation of the two links of the same one from the other.
• the buffer pair is approximately 80 mm and the distance between the hinge axis of the large link and the buffer rebate is approximately 70 mm, while the distance between the hinge pin and the hinge pin is approximately 70 mm. smaller link at this rabbet is about 36 mm.
• the device of the invention is applied to a frame according to which its sides have a determined relief, for example, of approximately 9 ° angle, so that the inclined internal faces of the two opposite sides of the frame are parallel to each other. to one another and that inclined internal faces of the two other opposite sides of the frame parallel to the rods diverge from each other.
• the pad is held by the links in its raised and inverted position at an angle of about 110 ° relative to the frame.
• each small link is provided at its end hinged to the side of the frame of a shoe adapted to compress, during the tilting of the buffer to its open position, an elastically deformable member in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the side of the frame so as to damp the tilting of the buffer.
• the elastically deformable member is a helical compression spring axis parallel to the side of the frame and which is mounted coaxially around a rod between a head thereof and a body secured to the frame side, the rod slidable in the body when the head of the rod contacts a shoe cam portion of the small link to compress the spring.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a buffer assembly and frame of a manhole where the buffer is in its closed position of the frame and is connected thereto by an articulation device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view similar to that of FIG. 1 showing a first phase of disengaging the buffer from its frame;
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 1 and showing a portion of the hinge device of the invention
• Figure 4 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV of Figure 2;
• Figure 5 is a partial sectional view similar to that of Figures 3 and 4 and showing the tilting of the buffer to its open position by the hinge device of the invention;
• FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of the buffer occupying an intermediate open position
• FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view showing the buffer at its final inverted position of opening of the frame;
• Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing the entire hinge device holding the pad at its final open position;
• FIG. 9 is a bottom perspective view of the buffer at its closed position and showing means for damping the tilting of the buffer to its open position;
• FIG. 10 is a side perspective view showing the damping means at an open position of the buffer.
• FIG. 11 is a side perspective view showing the damping means in the reversed opening position of the buffer.
• the reference numeral 1 designates a manhole allowing access for example to a tunnel inspection chimney dug in the ground and comprising a buffer or cover 2 and a frame 3 to which the buffer 2 is articulated between a position lowered closure of the frame and a raised inclined opening position of this frame.
• the look, the buffer 2 and the frame 3 are made of cast iron, is of generally rectangular shape.
• the buffer 2 is in thickness in the walls 4 constituting the sides of the frame 3 to be applied on a rabbet 5 of the frame 3 and thus close the opening bordered by the sides 4 of this frame.
• the sides 4 of the frame 3 have their internal faces 4a inclined so as to have a draft for example of about 9 °.
• two of the parallel sides 4a of the frame 3 called longitudinal sides have their internal faces bevelled so as to diverge from one another to the upper edge of the opening of the frame 3, while the other two sides 4 of this frame, called transverse sides, have their beveled inner faces 4a parallel to each other.
• the external lateral faces 2a of the buffer 2 are bevelled at the same angle as the bevelled inner faces 4a of the sides 4 of the frame 3 so that the buffer 2 can be inscribed in thickness in the frame 3 with its veil plane 2b flush with the upper edge 4b of the walls 4 delimiting the opening of the frame 3 in the lowered position of closure of the buffer 2.
• the frame may be of conventional design, that is to say that the internal faces of its sides are flat and perpendicular to the plane passing through the opening edge 4b of the frame 3.
• the hinge device of the invention comprises two lateral pairs of inner links 6, 7 connecting the buffer 2 to the frame 3 being arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical median plane of the frame 3 and parallel to the two longitudinal sides 4 of the frame.
• the two rods 6 and 7 of the same pair are arranged respectively in two planes parallel to the corresponding longitudinal side 4 of the frame 3 and comprise a rod of shorter length or small rod 6 and a rod of greater length or large rod 7.
• the small link 6 of each pair has one of its ends articulated to the planar inner face of the corresponding side 4 of the frame 3 located below its bevelled face 4a about an axis of articulation 8 perpendicular to this side and located at a relatively short distance dl from the corresponding end of this side.
• the opposite end of the small link 6 is connected hinged to the buffer 2 by means of a rigid arm 9 fixed under the buffer 2 extending perpendicular to the edge or edge 2c of the buffer 2 adjacent to the corresponding transverse side 4 of the frame 3, the arm 9 being parallel to the plane web 2b of the buffer 2.
• the hinge axis 10 of the rod 6 extends perpendicularly to the arm 9, that is to say parallel to the bank 2c of the buffer 2, and is located near this shore.
• the large link 7 has one of its ends connected hinged to the side 4 of the frame 3, which is connected to the link 6, about an axis of articulation 11 perpendicular to this side and located at a distance d2 from the end on this side, greater than the distance dl separating the hinge axis 8 of the rod 6 of the same end.
• the opposite end of the large link 7 is connected hinged to the arm 9 about an articulation axis 12 extending perpendicular to the arm 9 and located at a distance d3 relative to the axis of articulation 10 of the small link 6, that is to say that the hinge axis 12 is further from the corresponding bank 2c of the buffer 2 that the hinge axis 10 of the small rod 6.
• the hinge joint 12 the big link 7 at the side longitudinal corresponding 4 of the frame 3 is designed so that the rod 7 is located at a distance farthest from the inner face of this side as the small rod 6 which is very close to this inner face.
• the small link 6 is articulated between the arm 9, the side 4 of the frame 2 and the large link 7 while the large link 7 is connected hinged to the opposite side of this arm.
• the hinge 11 of the large link 7 to the corresponding side 4 of the frame 3 is located at a lower level, relative to the rabbet 5, that of the hinge 8 of the small link 6 to the same side.
• the two links 6, 7, the arm portion 9 located between the two joints 10, 12, connecting rods 6, 7 to the arm 9 and the connection of the two joints 8, 11 of the links 6, 7 to the side 4 of the frame 3 constitute a deformable quadrilateral during the pivoting movements of the buffer 2 relative to the frame 3 between its lowered positions of closing the frame and opening thereof.
• Each of the two longitudinal sides 4 of the frame 3 in which are articulated the corresponding ends of the links 6, 7 is provided with a member 13 for exerting on the buffer 2 a thrust force substantially perpendicular to the plane web 2b of the buffer 2 from a lifting force is applied to this pad from its lowered closed position.
• Each thrust member 13 comprises a body 14 secured to the inner face of the corresponding side 4, for example by fixing screws, and in which a push rod 15 can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the side 4.
• the rod 15 is driven into the body 14 against the return force of a coil spring 16 mounted concentrically around the rod 15 in support firstly on a not visible shoulder in the body 14 and other under an end head 17 of the rod 15 on which bears the corresponding lower edge of the arm 9 in the closed position of the buffer.
• the transverse side of the frame 3 located near the joints 10 of the small links 6 in the closed position of the buffer 2 has its inclined face from bottom to top of the frame towards the inside of its opening.
• the manhole is also provided with assistance means for opening or closing the buffer 2.
• these assistance means comprise two gas lateral cylinders 18 each associated with a pair of rods 6, 7 and disposed in a plane parallel to these two rods.
• Each assistance jack 18 is thus hingedly connected between the pad 2 and the frame 3. More specifically, the jack 18 has its jack rod 19 whose end is articulated to the inner face of the corresponding longitudinal side 4 of the frame 3 around a hinge axis 20 perpendicular to this side and located at a distance d4 greater than the distance d2 of the hinge 11 of the large link 7 and its cylinder 21 connected hinged near the end of the arm 9 around a hinge pin 22 perpendicular to the arm 9 and located opposite the axis of articulation 10 of the small link 6 to this arm.
• Each jack 18 is located substantially in the same plane as the associated small rod 6.
• the buffer 2 comprises, opposite its end portion comprising the two arms 9, two grip handles 23 removably attached to the web 2b of the buffer 2, substantially at the two corners thereof, for example via 24.
• the two handles 23 may be constituted by two closed arches located respectively in two planes perpendicular to the plane of the web 2b of the buffer 2.
• the rods 6, 7 pivot in the same direction about their hinge axes 8, 11 so as to move the buffer 2 out of the frame 3 and then the rods 6, 7 exert on the arm portion 9 located between their two hinge pins 10, 12 a pair of forces allowing the pad 2 to pivot around itself as indicated by the arrow F 1 to its raised end position at which the 2 buffer is reversed and held by the rods 6, 7.
• this raised position of opening of the buffer 2 it is inclined at an angular position greater than 90 °, for example about 110 °, relative to the plane passing through the upper edge 4b delimiting the opening of the frame 3.
• each of the small links 6 pivoted about its hinge axis 8 to an angular position greater than a right angle so that its articulation 10 is remote from the transverse side of the frame 3 close to the hinge 8, that is to say beyond its position perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the corresponding side 4 of the frame 3 and approximately corresponding to the angle of inclination of the buffer 2 in its inverted position.
• part of the edge of the buffer 2 is in blocking support on the two corresponding edges of the two small links 6.
• the displacement of the buffer 2 from its open position through its tilting around itself at its final raised position is assisted by the two gas cylinders 18.
• the ratio of the distances between the two hinge pins 11, 12 of the large link 6 and the hinge pins 8, 10 of the associated small link 6 is about 2.6.
• the distance between the hinge pins 11, 12 of the large link can be about 350 mm while the distance between the hinge pins 8, 10 of each small link 6 can be d ' about 135 mm.
• the distance d1 and the distance d2 mentioned above can be respectively 150 mm and 440 mm.
• the distance d3 separating the hinge axis 10 of each small link 6 to the hinge axis 12 of the associated large link 7 along the arm 9 is about 80 mm while the height of the hinge pin the hinge axis 8 of the small link 6 relative to the seat rebate 5 of the buffer 2 is about 36 mm and the height separating the hinge axis 11 of the large link 7 of this rabbet is about 70 mm.
• the height between the axis the hinge 10 of the small link 6 and the rabbet 5 in the closed position of the buffer 2 of Figure 3 is about 15 mm.
• the distance d5 separating the hinge axis 10 of each small link 6 from the vertical inner face of the corresponding transverse side of the frame 3 when the pad occupies its closed position of FIG. 3 is about 20 mm. This distance d5 is also that between the axis 10 and the lower outer edge of the edge 2c of the buffer 2.
• the horizontal distance between the hinge pins 11 and 20 of the rod 7 and the jack 18 is about 85 mm.
• each pair of rods 6, 7 and the hinge 20 of the associated assistance cylinder 18 are fixed to a plate 24 removably fixed for example by means of fixing screws 25 , at the flat internal face of the corresponding longitudinal side 4 of the frame 3.
• Each plate 24 is in some way office longitudinal side of the frame.
• the two parallel plates 24 may be secured to one another by two rigid bars 26 visible in Figure 8 arranged transversely between the two plates 24 respectively in the vicinity of the ends of these plates.
• the two bars 26 may be rigidly fixed between the two plates 24 by fixing screws 27 passing through each curved portion 26a and anchored in the plate 24.
• the two plates 24 secured to one another via the two transverse bars 26 are separated from the corresponding sides 4 of the frame 3 by removing the fixing screws 25 and the assembly constituted by the two plates 24, the two bars 26, the pairs of links 6, 7, the two assistance cylinders 8 and the buffer 2 can be removed in one block of the frame 3 in the raised position of the buffer 2.
• the closing operation of the frame 3 by the buffer 2 is effected by tilting the buffer 2 from its raised position of opening of FIGS. 7 and 8 with the aid of the two gripping handles 23, the tilting of the buffer 2 towards its position closing being carried out by the links 6, 7 and assisted by the two jacks 18.
• each small link 6 of a pair of rods 6, 7 is provided at its hinged end to the corresponding plate 24 of a shoe 30 fixed, for example by welding, to the link 6 opposite the plate 24 in FIG. space between the latter and the large rod 7 so as not to interfere with the rod 7 when switching the buffer 2 from its closed position to its open position or vice versa.
• the shoe 30 has a cam face 31 extended by a flat face 32 which can come into contact, when the buffer 2 tilts to its open position, with the head-shaped end 33a of a rod 33 mounted on sliding guided in a body 34 removably attached to the plate 24.
• a compression coil spring 35 is mounted coaxially around the rod 33 between the head 33a and an upstanding face 34a of the body 34.
• the rod 33, the body 34 and the spring compression 35 extend in the same direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the plate 24, that is to say the longitudinal direction of the corresponding side 4 of the frame 3.
• each small link 6 causes the cam face 31 of the shoe 30 to come into contact with the head 33a. of the rod 33 so as to progressively compress the spring 35 as the tilting of the buffer 2 to its open position so that the spring 35 can dampen the tilting of the buffer 2 and, consequently, relieve the operator manipulating this buffer and avoid especially sudden tilting can occur from the standing position substantially 90 ° of the buffer 2 in its fully reversed tilted position.
• the spring 35 is compressed at the most by the flat face 32 of the corresponding shoe 30.
• the articulating device of the invention is of an extremely simple structure and, by means of the assistance means, makes it possible to ensure the opening and closing operations of the buffer 2 according to relatively limited efforts despite the high weight that can have the buffer.
• the structure of the frame equipment and frame hinged buffer is not changed since all elements of the hinge device are simply reported to the frame and buffer.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
• Vibration Dampers (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Closures For Containers (AREA)
• Sewage (AREA)
• Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)
• Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-10-13 FR FR0654268A patent/FR2907143B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-10-12 CN CN2007800457848A patent/CN101583764B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-10-12 RS RS20120143A patent/RS52208B/en unknown
  • 2007-10-12 WO PCT/FR2007/052136 patent/WO2008043972A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2007-10-12 AU AU2007306148A patent/AU2007306148B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-10-12 AT AT07858564T patent/ATE543955T1/de active
  • 2007-10-12 PT PT07858564T patent/PT2078116E/pt unknown
  • 2007-10-12 EP EP07858564A patent/EP2078116B1/de active Active
  • 2007-10-12 SI SI200730906T patent/SI2078116T1/sl unknown
  • 2007-10-12 PL PL07858564T patent/PL2078116T3/pl unknown
  • 2007-10-12 ES ES07858564T patent/ES2381214T3/es active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-04-10 MA MA31778A patent/MA30788B1/fr unknown
  • 2009-05-07 NO NO20091812A patent/NO20091812L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

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