WO2008032281A1 - Polymeric concrete for wind generators towers or other large structural applications - Google Patents
Polymeric concrete for wind generators towers or other large structural applications Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008032281A1 WO2008032281A1 PCT/IB2007/053696 IB2007053696W WO2008032281A1 WO 2008032281 A1 WO2008032281 A1 WO 2008032281A1 IB 2007053696 W IB2007053696 W IB 2007053696W WO 2008032281 A1 WO2008032281 A1 WO 2008032281A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tower
- polymeric concrete
- concrete
- towers
- ring
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012412 chemical coupling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002986 polymer concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
- E04H12/12—Structures made of specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material, with or without internal or external reinforcements, e.g. with metal coverings, with permanent form elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2230/00—Manufacture
- F05B2230/50—Building or constructing in particular ways
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
- F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05B2280/40—Organic materials
- F05B2280/4003—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/30—Wind power
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to towers for wind generators or other large structural applications and applies a new construction concept, based on polymeric concrete.
- Wind generators have gained wide acceptance as an alternative source for the production of renewable and clean energy.
- state of the art wind energy converters had a dramatic development in energy output/production, by using longer blades and more powerful generators.
- Rotor diameter of state of the art units has reached 120 m and generator power has reached 5 MW.
- Wind generators are supported to a convenient height by towers, in order to expose them to a convenient wind flow and prevent interaction between the rotor blades and the ground.
- the towers themselves are adequately attached to the foundations.
- the development trend described above requires increased hub height, and tower height for the same state of the art unit has reached 120 m.
- the towers have a significant impact in the overall cost of the wind generator unit and several solutions have been proposed both to support the development trend to higher hub heights and to reduce the costs in manufacture, transport, assembly and maintenance, which become more and more relevant with increasing height.
- a viable solution has to provide necessary mechanical resistance both to static and dynamic loads at increasing heights and prove cost- effectiveness in manufacture, transport, assembly and maintenance.
- the industry has used mainly steel towers, made of cylindrical or conical sections of metal wall, flanged at the extremities, the sections being bolted together on site.
- Polymeric concrete is composed of thermosetting resin and aggregates such as sand or gravel. Polymeric concrete has low maintenance costs and exceptional high resistance to corrosion, justifying its main usage in non- structural applications and in small size parts where corrosion is the main problem. Complementary, polymeric concrete has been increasingly used in recent years in the rehabilitation of civil structures, especially retrofitting of bridges and heritage buildings using polymeric mortar. Its advantages for these applications are the adherence to the traditional materials, a compressive strength higher than traditional concrete and low specific weight.
- Towers for large structural applications typically have a base diameter of more than 4 m and reach heights above 50 m , supporting heavy loads.
- Examples of towers for large structural applications are towers for windmills, lighthouses or pillars supporting highways in viaducts.
- For all of these polymeric concrete can be used as the base material, presenting advantages in lower maintenance and in lower logistics and production costs.
- the polymeric concrete is prepared by thorough mixing of the binder and filler materials in adequate ratios, and adding the hardener to promote the complete polymerization. Large scale production of polymer concrete is performed in proper equipment. Binder and filler have separate hoppers and their mixture is promoted through a screw mechanism. Granulometry and viscosity are controlled to assure the adequate flow of the resulting mixture and the final mechanical characteristics of the polymeric concrete. The finished mixture is then filled into a mould and compacted through vibration. The moulds are made of steel and/or other adequate materials. After polymerization the final product is removed from the mould. Description of the Figures [16] The annexed drawings exemplify a solution according to the invention:
- Figure 1 shows a tower (1) made of several superimposed horizontal sections, or rings (2), of cast polymeric concrete, with convenient wall thickness.
- Figure 2 shows a cross-section of one section (2), or ring.
- Figure 3 shows the cross-section of another section(2), or ring, being built of 3 shell segments (3), joined together, using appropriate chemical bonding, like structural glue (4).
- Figure 4 shows how two superimposed rings (5) and (6) are joined together using appropriate chemical bonding, like structural glue (7), between conveniently fitted ends, respectively (8) and (9), of the adjoining sections or rings.
- the same figure shows an example of a reinforcing element (10) within the polymeric concrete wall (11), used to adequately increase stiffness of the tower and decrease risk of fatigue failure.
- the casting process not only allows modelling the internal wall surface, but also allows fitting into the wall any kind of fixtures needed for installation of the internal cabling system, stairs, platforms, etc.
- Figure 5 shows an inserted fixture (15) to fix cables, or other means of handling the sections or rings, inserted into the polymeric concrete wall (16) of a segment or ring.
- the tower is built of two or more superimposed ring sections in conical or cylindrical form, each ring being built of one or more shell segments, these segments are joined by means of mechanical and/or chemical bonding and made of pre-cast polymeric concrete.
- the segments are moulded after mixture of the binder and filler materials, as described above.
- the binder is a thermosetting resin like polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, vinyl ester resin or others. Before filling the moulds with polymer concrete, chopped fibres mixed with the thermosetting resin can be sprayed onto the mould external wall, to enhance the tensile resistance of the segment.
- the rings have specially designed ends in order to assemble into each other when building a tower.
- the one in the bottom has the top end shaped like a step with, from the interior to the exterior, first a bottom horizontal surface (12), second a inclined middle surface (13), and third a top horizontal surface (14).
- the top ring in each pair of superimposed rings, has a bottom end shaped as an inverted step ( 12', 13', 14') matching the corresponding top end surfaces of the bottom ring.
- a post tensioned reinforcing element (10) such as a steel or a polymeric cable, or a composite profile, can be used within the polymeric concrete wall (11) in order to increase the stiffness of the tower and decrease risk of fatigue failure.
- this reinforcement is positioned near the external surface of the ring and is stressed when fixing the top ends at assembly.
- this reinforcing element extends through two or more adjacent rings, it can be used as a mechanical joining method between these rings, complementing or substituting the structural glue.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07826368A EP2076642A1 (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2007-09-13 | Polymeric concrete for wind generators towers or other large structural applications |
| US12/441,276 US20090313913A1 (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2007-09-13 | Polymeric concrete for wind generator towers or other large structural applicatons |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT103562 | 2006-09-13 | ||
| PT103562A PT103562B (pt) | 2006-09-13 | 2006-09-13 | Torres em betão polimérico para geradores eólicos e outras grandes aplicações estruturais |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008032281A1 true WO2008032281A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
Family
ID=38924495
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2007/053696 WO2008032281A1 (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2007-09-13 | Polymeric concrete for wind generators towers or other large structural applications |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090313913A1 (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP2076642A1 (pt) |
| PT (1) | PT103562B (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO2008032281A1 (pt) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101920538A (zh) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-12-22 | 通用电气公司 | 复合式风力涡轮机塔架的竖直制造 |
| WO2011147473A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Jacket structure for offshore constructions |
| WO2012031187A1 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Grand Vent Power, Llc | Offshore wind power system |
| CN105257070A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-20 | 中国电力科学研究院 | 一种风沙流场中输电铁塔体型系数的修正方法 |
| EP2305923A3 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2017-06-14 | General Electric Company | Wind Turbine Tower And System And Method For Fabricating The Same |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110138730A1 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2011-06-16 | Jacob Johannes Nies | Wind turbine tower segment, wind turbine and method for erecting a wind turbine |
| ES2401787B2 (es) * | 2011-06-09 | 2014-01-21 | Inneo Torres, S.L. | Montaje machihembrado de fijación |
| CN102678480B (zh) * | 2012-05-16 | 2014-05-28 | 广东明阳风电产业集团有限公司 | 风力发电机组塔架 |
| GB201215004D0 (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-10-10 | Blade Dynamics Ltd | Wind turbine tower |
| ES2471641B1 (es) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-04-07 | Acciona Windpower, S.A. | Dovela prefabricada de hormigón, torre de aerogenerador que comprende dicha dovela, aerogenerador que comprende dicha torre y procedimiento de montaje de dicho aerogenerador |
| ES2538734B1 (es) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-05-10 | Acciona Windpower, S.A. | Procedimiento de montaje de torres de hormigón de sección troncocónica y torre de hormigón montada con dicho procedimiento |
| FR3029231B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-12-30 | Lafarge Sa | Section en beton |
| USD768282S1 (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2016-10-04 | Alva Alta Lda | Structural support for solar envelope and solar collector |
| DE102015117437A1 (de) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-20 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Windenergieanlagen-Rotorblatt und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Windenergieanlagen-Rotorblattes |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58208165A (ja) * | 1982-05-27 | 1983-12-03 | 日本油脂株式会社 | 鋼線補強ポリマ−コンクリ−ト |
| WO2002012657A1 (de) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Wilfried Arand | Baumodul zum herstellen von brücken, gebäuden und türmen, zum beispiel für windkraftanlagen |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1346687A (en) * | 1919-12-10 | 1920-07-13 | United Concrete Pipe Company | Reinforced-concrete conduit |
| US2488245A (en) * | 1947-10-06 | 1949-11-15 | Standard Concrete Products Cor | Pipe joint |
| US3825037A (en) * | 1972-04-05 | 1974-07-23 | Price Brothers Co | Jacking pipe |
| US5012622A (en) * | 1985-03-05 | 1991-05-07 | Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. | Structural filler filled steel tube column |
| US5082878A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1992-01-21 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn | Shrink controlled low-temperature-curable polyester resin compositions |
| US20060213572A1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Andre Beaulieu | Multi-sectional conduit and a method of repairing existing conduits using said multi-sectional conduit |
| WO2007012201A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | The University Of Manitoba | Composite wind tower systems and methods of manufacture |
-
2006
- 2006-09-13 PT PT103562A patent/PT103562B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-09-13 WO PCT/IB2007/053696 patent/WO2008032281A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-09-13 EP EP07826368A patent/EP2076642A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-09-13 US US12/441,276 patent/US20090313913A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58208165A (ja) * | 1982-05-27 | 1983-12-03 | 日本油脂株式会社 | 鋼線補強ポリマ−コンクリ−ト |
| WO2002012657A1 (de) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Wilfried Arand | Baumodul zum herstellen von brücken, gebäuden und türmen, zum beispiel für windkraftanlagen |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE CA [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; "Steel wire-reinforced polymer concretes", XP002465184, retrieved from STN Database accession no. 1984:193192 * |
| DATABASE CA [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; BRONIEWSKI, T. ET AL: "Long life strength polymer concrete", XP002465185, retrieved from STN Database accession no. 1979:7209 * |
| POLYM. CONCR., PROC. INT. CONGR., 1ST , MEETING DATE 1975, 179-84. EDITOR(S): COHEN, D. H. PUBLISHER: CONSTR. PRESS LTD., HORNBY, ENGL. CODEN: 39KMAM, 1976 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101920538A (zh) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-12-22 | 通用电气公司 | 复合式风力涡轮机塔架的竖直制造 |
| EP2305923A3 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2017-06-14 | General Electric Company | Wind Turbine Tower And System And Method For Fabricating The Same |
| WO2011147473A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Jacket structure for offshore constructions |
| WO2012031187A1 (en) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Grand Vent Power, Llc | Offshore wind power system |
| US9062651B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2015-06-23 | Grant Vent Power Llc | Offshore wind power system |
| CN105257070A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-20 | 中国电力科学研究院 | 一种风沙流场中输电铁塔体型系数的修正方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT103562B (pt) | 2008-08-14 |
| EP2076642A1 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
| US20090313913A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| PT103562A (pt) | 2008-03-31 |
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