US20090313913A1 - Polymeric concrete for wind generator towers or other large structural applicatons - Google Patents

Polymeric concrete for wind generator towers or other large structural applicatons Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090313913A1
US20090313913A1 US12/441,276 US44127607A US2009313913A1 US 20090313913 A1 US20090313913 A1 US 20090313913A1 US 44127607 A US44127607 A US 44127607A US 2009313913 A1 US2009313913 A1 US 2009313913A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tower
polymeric concrete
reinforcement
polymeric
superimposed rings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/441,276
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexandre Francisco Malheiro De Aragão
Ana Margarida Goncalves Terra
André Ferreira Vieira
Célia Maria Moreira Parente Novo
Paulo Manuel Ferreira Sobral
Daniel Da Fonseca Farias Rodrigues
Paulo Luis Cardoso Osswald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HYTOWER LDA
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HYTOWER LDA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HYTOWER LDA filed Critical HYTOWER LDA
Assigned to HYTOWER, LDA. reassignment HYTOWER, LDA. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FERREIRA VIEIRA, ANDRE, GONCALVES TERRA, ANA MARGARIDA, MALHEIRO DE ARAGAO, ALEXANDRE FRANCISCO, MOREIRA PARENTE NOVO, CELIA MARIA
Assigned to HYTOWER, LDA. reassignment HYTOWER, LDA. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CARDOSO OSSWALD, PAULO LUIS, DA FONSECA FARIAS RODRIGUES, DANIEL, FERREIRA SOBRAL, PAULO MANUEL, FERREIRA VIEIRA, ANDRE, GONCALVES TERRA, ANA MARGARIDA, MALHEIRO DE ARAGAO, ALEXANDRE FRANCISCO, MOREIRA PARENTE NOVO, CELIA MARIA
Publication of US20090313913A1 publication Critical patent/US20090313913A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • E04H12/12—Structures made of specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material, with or without internal or external reinforcements, e.g. with metal coverings, with permanent form elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/50—Building or constructing in particular ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/40—Organic materials
    • F05B2280/4003—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to towers for wind generators or other large structural applications and applies a new construction concept, based on polymeric concrete.
  • Wind generators have gained wide acceptance as an alternative source for the production of renewable and clean energy.
  • state of the art wind energy converters had a dramatic development in energy output/production, by using longer blades and more powerful generators.
  • Rotor diameter of state of the art units has reached 120 m and generator power has reached 5 MW.
  • Wind generators are supported to a convenient height by towers, in order to expose them to a convenient wind flow and prevent interaction between the rotor blades and the ground.
  • the towers themselves are adequately attached to the foundations.
  • the development trend described above requires increased hub height, and tower height for the same state of the art unit has reached 120 m.
  • the same energy converters have also been applied off-shore, where wind flows are more convenient and where there are fewer implications with ground occupancy.
  • the supporting towers have been attached to steel pylons or concrete foundations that reach above maximum sea water level.
  • the towers have a significant impact in the overall cost of the wind generator unit and several solutions have been proposed both to support the development trend to higher hub heights and to reduce the costs in manufacture, transport, assembly and maintenance, which become more and more relevant with increasing height.
  • a viable solution has to provide necessary mechanical resistance both to static and dynamic loads at increasing heights and prove cost-effectiveness in manufacture, transport, assembly and maintenance.
  • the present invention provides a solution for building large scale towers, including towers beyond 80 m height, reducing substantially the maintenance needs, avoiding the logistics restrictions of the maximum transportable diameter and reducing the production costs of the current state of the art steel tower solutions, through the application of polymeric concrete.
  • Polymeric concrete is composed of thermosetting resin and aggregates such as sand or gravel.
  • Polymeric concrete has low maintenance costs and exceptional high resistance to corrosion, justifying its main usage in non-structural applications and in small size parts where corrosion is the main problem.
  • Complementary, polymeric concrete has been increasingly used in recent years in the rehabilitation of civil structures, especially retrofitting of bridges and heritage buildings using polymeric mortar. Its advantages for these applications are the adherence to the traditional materials, a compressive strength higher than traditional concrete and low specific weight.
  • polymeric concrete allows adequate reinforcement through addition of fibre reinforced plastic materials or steel, thus complementing its mechanical properties, namely flexure strength.
  • polymeric concrete can be successfully employed as a basis material on its own for large structures.
  • the casting process of polymeric concrete allows plasticity in form modelling in a very cost-effective way, thus allowing adaptation and optimization of the structural design to loads and logistic restraints, while contributing with its chemical properties to reduce maintenance costs.
  • Towers for large structural applications typically have a base diameter of more than 4 m and reach heights above 50 m, supporting heavy loads.
  • Examples of towers for large structural applications are towers for windmills, lighthouses or pillars supporting highways in viaducts.
  • For all of these polymeric concrete can be used as the base material, presenting advantages in lower maintenance and in lower logistics and production costs.
  • the polymeric concrete is prepared by thorough mixing of the binder and filler materials in adequate ratios, and adding the hardener to promote the complete polymerization. Large scale production of polymer concrete is performed in proper equipment. Binder and filler have separate hoppers and their mixture is promoted through a screw mechanism. Granulometry and viscosity are controlled to assure the adequate flow of the resulting mixture and the final mechanical characteristics of the polymeric concrete. The finished mixture is then filled into a mould and compacted through vibration. The moulds are made of steel and/or other adequate materials. After polymerization the final product is removed from the mould.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tower ( 1 ) made of several superimposed horizontal sections, or rings ( 2 ), of cast polymeric concrete, with convenient wall thickness.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of one section ( 2 ), or ring.
  • FIG. 3 shows the cross-section of another section( 2 ), or ring, being built of 3 shell segments ( 3 ), joined together, using appropriate chemical bonding, like structural glue ( 4 ).
  • FIG. 4 shows how two superimposed rings ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) are joined together using appropriate chemical bonding, like structural glue ( 7 ), between conveniently fitted ends, respectively ( 8 ) and ( 9 ), of the adjoining sections or rings.
  • the same figure shows an example of a reinforcing element ( 10 ) within the polymeric concrete wall ( 11 ), used to adequately increase stiffness of the tower and decrease risk of fatigue failure.
  • the casting process not only allows modelling the internal wall surface, but also allows fitting into the wall any kind of fixtures needed for installation of the internal cabling system, stairs, platforms, etc.
  • FIG. 5 shows an inserted fixture ( 15 ) to fix cables, or other means of handling the sections or rings, inserted into the polymeric concrete wall ( 16 ) of a segment or ring.
  • the tower is built of two or more superimposed ring sections in conical or cylindrical form, each ring being built of one or more shell segments, these segments are joined by means of mechanical and/or chemical bonding and made of pre-cast polymeric concrete.
  • the segments are moulded after mixture of the binder and filler materials, as described above.
  • the binder is a thermosetting resin like polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, vinyl ester resin or others. Before filling the moulds with polymer concrete, chopped fibres mixed with the thermosetting resin can be sprayed onto the mould external wall, to enhance the tensile resistance of the segment.
  • the rings have specially designed ends in order to assemble into each other when building a tower.
  • the one in the bottom has the top end shaped like a step with, from the interior to the exterior, first a bottom horizontal surface ( 12 ), second a inclined middle surface ( 13 ), and third a top horizontal surface ( 14 ).
  • the top ring in each pair of superimposed rings, has a bottom end shaped as an inverted step ( 12 ′, 13 ′, 14 ′) matching the corresponding top end surfaces of the bottom ring.
  • a post tensioned reinforcing element such as a steel or a polymeric cable, or a composite profile
  • this reinforcement is positioned near the external surface of the ring and is stressed when fixing the top ends at assembly.
  • this reinforcing element extends through two or more adjacent rings, it can be used as a mechanical joining method between these rings, complementing or substituting the structural glue.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
US12/441,276 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Polymeric concrete for wind generator towers or other large structural applicatons Abandoned US20090313913A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT103562 2006-09-13
PT103562A PT103562B (pt) 2006-09-13 2006-09-13 Torres em betão polimérico para geradores eólicos e outras grandes aplicações estruturais
PCT/IB2007/053696 WO2008032281A1 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Polymeric concrete for wind generators towers or other large structural applications

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090313913A1 true US20090313913A1 (en) 2009-12-24

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ID=38924495

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/441,276 Abandoned US20090313913A1 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Polymeric concrete for wind generator towers or other large structural applicatons

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20090313913A1 (pt)
EP (1) EP2076642A1 (pt)
PT (1) PT103562B (pt)
WO (1) WO2008032281A1 (pt)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100132877A1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-06-03 General Electric Company Vertical manufacturing of composite wind turbine tower
US20110138730A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2011-06-16 Jacob Johannes Nies Wind turbine tower segment, wind turbine and method for erecting a wind turbine
CN102678480A (zh) * 2012-05-16 2012-09-19 广东明阳风电产业集团有限公司 风力发电机组塔架
US20140298737A1 (en) * 2011-06-09 2014-10-09 Esteyco Energia S.L. Socket-projection fixing assembly
US20150159635A1 (en) * 2012-08-23 2015-06-11 Blade Dynamics Limited Wind turbine tower
US20150176299A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Method for the Assembly of Frustoconical Concrete Towers and Concrete Tower Assembled using said Method
USD768282S1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-10-04 Alva Alta Lda Structural support for solar envelope and solar collector
US10113327B2 (en) * 2014-12-01 2018-10-30 Lafarge Section of concrete
US10267054B2 (en) * 2012-12-21 2019-04-23 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Precast concrete dowel, wind turbine tower comprising said dowel, wind turbine comprising said tower and method for assembling said wind turbine
US10711763B2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2020-07-14 Wobben Properties Gmbh Wind-turbine rotor blade and method for producing a wind-turbine rotor blade

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8511013B2 (en) * 2009-09-03 2013-08-20 General Electric Company Wind turbine tower and system and method for fabricating the same
WO2011147473A1 (en) * 2010-05-25 2011-12-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Jacket structure for offshore constructions
US9062651B2 (en) 2010-09-03 2015-06-23 Grant Vent Power Llc Offshore wind power system
CN105257070B (zh) * 2015-09-30 2019-02-15 中国电力科学研究院 一种风沙流场中输电铁塔体型系数的修正方法

Citations (7)

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US1346687A (en) * 1919-12-10 1920-07-13 United Concrete Pipe Company Reinforced-concrete conduit
US2488245A (en) * 1947-10-06 1949-11-15 Standard Concrete Products Cor Pipe joint
US3825037A (en) * 1972-04-05 1974-07-23 Price Brothers Co Jacking pipe
US5012622A (en) * 1985-03-05 1991-05-07 Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. Structural filler filled steel tube column
US5082878A (en) * 1988-04-15 1992-01-21 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn Shrink controlled low-temperature-curable polyester resin compositions
US20060213572A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-28 Andre Beaulieu Multi-sectional conduit and a method of repairing existing conduits using said multi-sectional conduit
US7866121B2 (en) * 2005-07-25 2011-01-11 The University Of Manitoba Composite wind tower systems and methods of manufacture

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JPS58208165A (ja) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-03 日本油脂株式会社 鋼線補強ポリマ−コンクリ−ト
DE20013774U1 (de) * 2000-08-10 2000-11-23 Arand Wilfried Baumodul zum Herstellen von Brücken, Gebäuden und Türmen, z.B. für Windkraftanlagen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1346687A (en) * 1919-12-10 1920-07-13 United Concrete Pipe Company Reinforced-concrete conduit
US2488245A (en) * 1947-10-06 1949-11-15 Standard Concrete Products Cor Pipe joint
US3825037A (en) * 1972-04-05 1974-07-23 Price Brothers Co Jacking pipe
US5012622A (en) * 1985-03-05 1991-05-07 Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. Structural filler filled steel tube column
US5082878A (en) * 1988-04-15 1992-01-21 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn Shrink controlled low-temperature-curable polyester resin compositions
US20060213572A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-28 Andre Beaulieu Multi-sectional conduit and a method of repairing existing conduits using said multi-sectional conduit
US7866121B2 (en) * 2005-07-25 2011-01-11 The University Of Manitoba Composite wind tower systems and methods of manufacture

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100132877A1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2010-06-03 General Electric Company Vertical manufacturing of composite wind turbine tower
US7927445B2 (en) * 2009-04-17 2011-04-19 General Electric Company Vertical manufacturing of composite wind turbine tower
US20110138730A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2011-06-16 Jacob Johannes Nies Wind turbine tower segment, wind turbine and method for erecting a wind turbine
US20140298737A1 (en) * 2011-06-09 2014-10-09 Esteyco Energia S.L. Socket-projection fixing assembly
CN102678480A (zh) * 2012-05-16 2012-09-19 广东明阳风电产业集团有限公司 风力发电机组塔架
US9651029B2 (en) * 2012-08-23 2017-05-16 Blade Dynamics Limited Wind turbine tower
US20150159635A1 (en) * 2012-08-23 2015-06-11 Blade Dynamics Limited Wind turbine tower
US10267054B2 (en) * 2012-12-21 2019-04-23 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Precast concrete dowel, wind turbine tower comprising said dowel, wind turbine comprising said tower and method for assembling said wind turbine
US20150176299A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Method for the Assembly of Frustoconical Concrete Towers and Concrete Tower Assembled using said Method
US9624687B2 (en) * 2013-12-20 2017-04-18 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Method for the assembly of frustoconical concrete towers and concrete tower assembled using said method
US10113327B2 (en) * 2014-12-01 2018-10-30 Lafarge Section of concrete
USD768282S1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2016-10-04 Alva Alta Lda Structural support for solar envelope and solar collector
USD802527S1 (en) * 2015-05-27 2017-11-14 Alva Alta Structural support for solar envelope and solar collector
US10711763B2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2020-07-14 Wobben Properties Gmbh Wind-turbine rotor blade and method for producing a wind-turbine rotor blade

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008032281A1 (en) 2008-03-20
PT103562B (pt) 2008-08-14
EP2076642A1 (en) 2009-07-08
PT103562A (pt) 2008-03-31

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Owner name: HYTOWER, LDA., PORTUGAL

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MALHEIRO DE ARAGAO, ALEXANDRE FRANCISCO;GONCALVES TERRA, ANA MARGARIDA;FERREIRA VIEIRA, ANDRE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:023201/0977

Effective date: 20090903

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Effective date: 20090903

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