WO2008029898A1

WO2008029898A1 - Method for production of emulsion fuel and apparatus for production of the fuel

Info

Publication number: WO2008029898A1
Application number: PCT/JP2007/067451
Authority: WO
Inventors: Saburo Ishiguro; Tomihisa Naito
Original assignee: Nanomizer Inc.
Priority date: 2006-09-01
Filing date: 2007-08-31
Publication date: 2008-03-13
Also published as: SG174732A1; CN101535718B; US20100186288A1; RU2440403C2; KR20090049085A; CN101535718A; RU2009111851A; EP2068080A1

Abstract

Disclosed is an emulsion-type water-mixed fuel which causes no separation between an oil phase and an aqueous phase and therefore has excellent stability, has a high combustion efficiency, and an extremely high energy-saving effect. Specifically disclosed is an emulsion fuel in which an aqueous phase or an oil phase has an average particle diameter of 1000 nm or less (more preferably 200 to 700 nm), which can be produced by finely dividing and mixing 100 parts by volume of a combustible oil with 10.0 to 150.0 parts by volume (more preferably 25.0 to 120.0 parts by volume) of a water by a finely-dividing/mixing means while adding the water tothe combustible oil. The water preferably has a reduction potential of -100 mv or lower, preferably -300 mv or lower.

Description

Emulsion fuel manufacturing method and fuel manufacturing apparatus

Akira Technical Field

book

The present invention relates to a water-oil type emulsion fuel family, and in particular, the constituent particles of water and flammable oil emulsion are made into an ultrafine particle state, and the obtained emulsion fuel is used as fuel for various power engines or combustion furnaces. This invention relates to an invention that can contribute to energy saving and pollution prevention.

Background art

In recent years, soaring crude oil prices and reducing the amount of oil used due to the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol are major international issues. Along with this, research on emulsion-type hydrofuels has been conducted in Japan, and many patent applications have been filed for their compositions and production methods, and some have been put into practical use.

(Patent Literature) JP 2006-329438

(Patent Literature) JP 2006-1886 16

(Patent Literature) JP 2005-344088

(Patent Literature) JP 2004-1 23947

(Patent Document) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-1 1 3385 As mentioned above, various emulsion-type hydrofuels have been proposed, but they still lack the stability of combustion and are in practical use. Absent. The particle diameters of these emulsions are several β m to several tens m. The present inventors have pursued the stability that is regarded as a disadvantage of the emulsion-type water-added fuel, and in order to stably burn the emulsion of flammable oil and water, it is necessary to mix in an ultrafine particle state (nano level). Based on this idea, we have conducted earnest research.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION As a result of earnest research, the present inventors have found that by making the average particle size of each particle of the emulsion fuel less than 1000 ηm, high-efficiency combustion that cannot be achieved with conventional emulsion fuel can be realized. did.

It was also found that it is preferable to use a mixture in the ultrafine particle state (nano level) to stabilize the combustible oil and water emulsion so as not to separate.

Furthermore, it was found that reducing the water used in the production reduces the surface tension and makes it easier to mix with flammable oil.

The present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and is a method and an apparatus for manufacturing an emulsion fuel having the following configuration.

(1) Add 10.00 to 15.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 12.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil) However, refinement and mixing of water and combustible oil by means of mixing and production of an emulsion fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of 1 000 nm or less. Method.

(2) Refinement · The refinement and mixing of water and combustible oil by mixing means to make ^: Marzillon fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of 200 to 700 nm (1 The production method of emulsion fuel described in the above.

(3) Reduce the water reduction potential to 1 l O Omv or less, add flammable oil to it, and refine the mixture. The production of the emulsion fuel as described in (1) above, characterized in that water and the combustible oil are refined and mixed together to form an emulsion fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of 200 to 700 nm. Method.

(4) In the preceding paragraphs (1) to (3), wherein the water is one or more selected from drinking water, rainwater, domestic wastewater, organic wastewater, industrial wastewater or livestock wastewater. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

(5) The combustible oil is one or more kinds selected from oils such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene and volatile oil, industrial waste oil, tempura oil, soybean oil and sesame oil. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of (1) to (4) above.

(6) Any one of the preceding paragraphs (1) to (5), characterized in that the flammable oil or water or the flammable oil and water contains PCBs or dioxins or PCBs and dioxins. A method for producing an emulsion fuel as described in 1. above.

(7) Miniaturization 'is a device that pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by turbulent flow generated in one or more orifices. The method for producing an emulsion fuel as described in any one of the above items (1) to (6).

(8) Miniaturization · The mixing means pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 mZs or more, and this wall has many holes with a diameter of 500 μm or less. The device according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein the device is a device that accelerates through a hole in a body and refines and mixes by a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow between liquids Manufacturing method of emulsion fuel.

(9) Adding 100 to 15.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil (more preferably, 25.0 to 12.0 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of flammable oil) Primary water and flammable oil The water-flammable oil primary mixing means to be mixed and the water-flammable oil-based primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means are refined and mixed to form fine particles, and the average particle size of water or combustible oil is 10 An apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel, characterized by comprising a refined 'mixing means for producing an emulsion fuel of OOnm or less.

(10) Refinement ・ Mixing means refines and mixes the water-flammable oil primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, and the average particle size of water or combustible oil is 200 to 700 nm. The apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel according to item (9), characterized in that the emulsion fuel is used.

(11) The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to item (9) or 10) above, wherein the reduction potential of the water employed is 1 lOOmv or less.

(12) Miniaturization 'The mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and passes it through one or more small holes, and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by the turbulent flow generated at the orifice. The emulsion fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of the preceding items (9) to (: 11), characterized by comprising an apparatus.

(13) The refinement 'mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 m / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 200 _β m or less. Any one of (9) to (11) above, characterized in that it consists of a device that accelerates through the hole in the wall to be crushed and causes cavitation by the turbulent flow by the orifices of the same liquid flow to refine and mix The apparatus for producing the emulsion fuel according to claim 1.

(14) Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water 10. 0-150.0 parts by volume (more preferably 25.0 parts by volume of water for 100 parts by volume of combustible oil) An emulsion fuel mixed by means, wherein the average particle size of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is lOOOnm or less. (15) The emulsion fuel as described in (14) above, wherein the average particle size of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.

Furthermore, the following another aspect invention is also proposed.

(16) Flammable oil Refinement while adding 25.0-40 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of combustible oil. • Refine the water and combustible oil by mixing means, and mix water or combustible oil. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, characterized in that an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of lOOOOri _m or less is used, and the obtained emulsion fuel is sprayed into a reciprocating engine to operate the internal combustion engine.

(17) Combustion oil Refinement while adding 25.0-40 parts by volume of water to 100 parts by volume of combustible oil. • Refine and mix water and combustible oil by mixing means, and add water or combustible oil. A method for operating an internal combustion engine, characterized by comprising an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of 200 to 7 OOnm and spraying the obtained emulsion fuel into a reciprocating engine to operate the internal combustion engine.

(18) Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water 25. 0-40. 0 part of volume is refined and mixed by mixing means. Emulsion fuel for reciprocating engine operation, and water in the emulsion fuel. Or an emulsion fuel for reciprocating engine operation, wherein the combustible oil has an average particle size of 200 to 700 nm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of a power engine fuel test using an emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing engine oil test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the engine fuel test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing engine oil test results for power using the emulsion fuel and other fuels according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, an emulsion fuel is produced by mixing oil and water in an ultra-fine state, which can contribute to improvement of fuel consumption and cleaner exhaust gas.

As the refinement 'mixing means used for producing the emulsion fuel of the present invention, for example, a turbulent flow generated by one or more orifices by pressurizing a primary mixture of water and combustible oil is used. A device that refines and mixes by the cavity effect of the above can be mentioned. In addition, as a means of miniaturization and mixing, a primary mixture of water and combustible oil is pressurized and flowed through the pump at a flow rate of 5 Om / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 500 μm or less. A device that accelerates through the existing holes in the wall and refines and mixes them by the cavity effect caused by the turbulent flow between the liquid flows. Further, as a preferable method for producing the emulsion fuel, 100 parts by volume of the flammable oil, 10.0 to 15.0 parts by volume of water, more preferably 25.0 to 12.0 parts by volume of water) is preferable. Force S et al., Water-flammable oil primary mixing means for primary mixing of water and combustible oil, and water-flammable oil-based primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means are refined and mixed to form fine particles, It is to use a refining / mixing means to make an emulsion fuel with an average particle size of water or combustible oil of lOOOnm or less. Preferably, add 100 parts by volume of flammable oil, and add 25 to 120 parts by volume of water while adding “Nano-Mizer 1” (trade name, Yoshida Kikai Kogyo Co., Ltd. The mixture of water and combustible oil is refined and mixed to produce an emulsion fuel consisting of a mixture containing ultrafine particles of water and combustible oil. The For example, in the Nanomizer, pressurize the primary mixture with a plunger and let it flow through the pump at a flow rate of 1 O OmZ s or higher. The accelerated primary liquid mixture passes through the grooves (pores) of the disk, and the liquid streams collide with each other to refine and mix. In accordance with the above, water and flammable oil mixture is passed through orifice holes of 200 μπι or less in the nanomizer at high pressure to generate turbulent flow when passing through a narrow orifice. A powerful stirring action of level level occurs.

As a result, water (or oil) is subdivided into nano-levels (for example, the average particle size of water is 200 to 700 nm), which diffuses into the oil (becomes W / O type emulsion) and stabilizes. In the present invention, it is preferable to first reduce the reduction potential of the water used. The method for reducing water is not particularly limited, but an industrial method by electrolysis is preferred. In addition, there are methods using chemicals and ores such as tourmaline. During electrolysis, hydrogen is generated at the cathode and oxygen is generated at the anode. However, during the reduction, oxygen is not required, so oxygen is not required, so it is removed by a diaphragm or reacted with the anode plate and fixed. The electrode plate at that time is made of zinc, magnesium, or an alloy thereof.

The reduction potential of water is preferably 1 l OOmv or less, preferably 1 300mv or less.

Water and oil are difficult to mix because the surface tension of water is large. Lowering the reduction potential reduces the surface tension and facilitates mixing with oil.

When the temperature is raised, the clusters become smaller and the viscosity is lowered, so that it is easy to mix with oil. In this way, flammable oil is added to water whose reduction potential is reduced to 1 lO Omv or less, preferably 1 300 mV to 1 700 mV, and the temperature is increased to 50 ° C or higher, preferably 70 to 90 ° C. In addition, when this oil and water are refined and mixed into a nano-level ultrafine particle state, adjustment of factors such as the reduction potential of water, temperature, and pressure of the nanomizer are related, but these are relative. For example, if the reduction potential is lowered, the pressure of the nanomizer is relatively low.

One by one Example 1 An example of the present invention and a comparative example will be described.

First, 8 liters of water (tap water) was heated to 70 ° C, and this was reduced to 114 mV by using a reducing device for Furumizu manufactured by the Environmental Reduction Research Institute.

The reduced water 1. 96 liters of Λ-heavy oil 5. 88 liters After the primary stirring of the Li-Isumi IJl60cc by manual stirring, it was refined and mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP to produce an emulsion fuel according to the present invention. Each obtained emulsion was a W / O type emulsion, and the average particle size of water in the emulsion was 300 to 500 mn.

The obtained emulsion fuel according to the present invention was sample 2, and sample 3 was an emulsion fuel according to the present invention obtained by passing a mixed solution produced in the same manner as sample 2 at 8 MP through a nanomizer. Sample 1 is treated with A-heavy oil in the comparative example, Sample 4 is treated with the light oil in the comparative example, and Samples 5 and 6 are treated in the same manner as in Samples 2 and 3, but the present invention uses light oil instead of A-heavy oil. Emulsion fuel by.

(Sample 5 was finely mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP and sample 6 at a pressure of 8MP).

Details of each test sample are listed below.

[Emulsion fuel used for engine characteristic test and A-heavy oil, light oil for comparison] Sample 1: A-heavy oil 100% (for comparison)

Sample 2: A—heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 3MP treatment (emulsion fuel)

Sample 3: A—heavy oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 8MP treatment (emulsion fuel)

Sample 4: Light oil 100% (for comparison)

Sample 5: Light oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 3MP treatment (emulsion fuel) Sample 6: Light oil 73.5%, reduced water 24.5%, activator 2% Nanomizer 8MP treatment (emulsion fuel)

Tables 1 to 3 and Figs. 1 to 4 show the results of combustion tests using the above samples in the engine.

【table 1】

[Table 2]

* "!, 400, 1, 800, 2,200rpm average values are compared.

[Table 3]

Table 1 shows the test results when the engine speed is lOOOrpm, Table 2 shows the test results when the engine speed is 1400 to 2200rpm, and Table 3 shows that the engine speed is 2700rpm. It is a test result in the case.

Fig. 1 shows the results of an engine test using Sample 1 (Comparative fuel) and Sample 2 (Emulsion fuel of the present invention). Fig. 2 shows Sample 1 (Comparative fuel) and Sample 3 (Invention of the present invention). Fig. 3 shows the results of an engine test using sample 4 (comparative fuel) and sample 5 (the emulsion fuel of the present invention). Fig. 4 shows sample 4 (sample fuel). FIG. 7 is a graph showing engine test results using Comparative Example Fuel) and Sample 6 (Emulsion Fuel of the present invention).

Example 2 In this example, a diesel generator manufactured by Denyo Co., Ltd. 1 3E S type was used to continuously measure the nitrogen oxide concentration and oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and the amount of power generation per unit heavy oil. And the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention was measured.

As the emulsion fuel of the present invention, a fuel having a composition of 75% by weight of special heavy oil A, 24.7% by weight of water and 0.3% by weight of emulsifier was used.

This Emulsion fuel is made up of 8.33 liters of A-heavy oil and 2.50 liters of water and 0.04 liters of emulsifier (100 parts by volume of heavy oil: 29.7 parts by volume of water: 0.5 parts by volume of emulsifier). The mixture was stirred temporarily by manual stirring, and then refined and mixed through a nanomizer at a pressure of 3MP. The average particle size of water in the emulsion fuel was about 300-5 OOiim.

The diesel generator was continuously operated using the emulsion fuel of the present invention and A heavy oil alone (comparative example) as fuels, and the NOx concentration and power generation amount in the exhaust gas were measured. The NOx concentration and ○ ₂ concentration in the exhaust gas were measured continuously at the generator outlet flue. The measurement results of exhaust gas using the emulsion fuel of the present invention are shown in Table 4, and the measurement results of exhaust gas using special A heavy oil alone as fuel are shown in Table 5. When the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used, the average value of NOx concentration in the exhaust gas is 193 ppm, whereas heavy oil alone is used. When fuel is used, the average value of NOx concentration is 369 _P pm, and it has been found that the concentration of NOx in exhaust gas can be greatly reduced by the fuel of the present invention.

[Table 4]

Combustion results of Emulsion (special A heavy oil 75 <½, Η2θ 24.7%, emulsifier 0.3%)

Instrument used NOx meter Chemiluminescence method (Best instrument BCL 61 type 1)

02 total Zirconia method (Best instrument BCL-61 type 1) Measurement method NOx concentration JIS-B7982 Continuous analysis method

02 Concentration JIS.B7983 Continuous analysis method

Exhaust gas temperature compliant with JIS'Z-8808

[Table 5] Continuous measurement results of NOx, 02 concentration

Special A heavy oil 100% combustion

Instrument used NOx meter Chemiluminescence method (Best meter BC Shiichi type 611)

02 total Zirconia method (Best instrument BCL-611 type) Measurement method NOx concentration JIS-B7982 Continuous analysis method

02 Concentration JIS'B7983 Continuous analysis method

Exhaust gas temperature compliant with JIS'Z-8808

Table 6 shows the results of power generation in this example. The amount of power generated by diesel generator per unit heavy oil is 3.33KWH / Kg when using the emulsion fuel of the present invention, and 2.73KWH / Kg when using the heavy oil alone as the fuel. It has been demonstrated that the power generation efficiency of the emulsion fuel of the present invention has been improved. Application to diesel generators

The generator is DENYO TLG-1 3ESY type

10.5 KVA 200V three phase

From the combustion test results of the above samples, the following was found.

1. There is no significant change in performance at full load operation for all sample fuels.

2. Smoke with emerald fuel has been greatly improved.

3. When the emulsion fuel of the present invention is used to obtain the output and torque that can be achieved by using only the flammable oil, the consumption (use amount) of the flammable oil can be reduced by about 25%.

4. Performance decreased at light load with emulsion fuel. The exhaust temperature also decreased. That is, the emulsion fuel of the present invention in which 24.5% of water was added to A-heavy oil and light oil showed almost the same characteristics as A-heavy oil and light oil 100% up to 2,200 rpm. This is an amazing performance.

However, misfire seems to occur at 2,600 rpm or higher. Therefore, for example, when using the emulsion fuel of the present invention for a ship, it is better to use light oil at the port and switch to the emulsion fuel outside the port. It is done.

Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow when a liquid mixture of water and combustible oil is pressurized and passed through one or more small holes and passes through an orifice. In order to produce an emulsion fuel, the emulsion fuel containing about 25% water that has been refined and mixed does not cause engine trouble even if it is burned in the engine. It showed the same output and torque, and the fuel consumption was the same despite containing 25% water (simply calculating 25% energy saving).

In addition, soot and dioxin are not generated theoretically (l / S l SC), and NOx is about 1/2 to 1 Z3, which is even more energy-saving as a fuel for combustion furnaces, with 25-35% energy savings In addition, waste oil can be used as a raw material. Conventionally, the emulsion fuel (water-one emulsion emulsion fuel) is made by adding 0.5 to 5% of an emulsifier to water and oil and stirring and mixing to form an emulsion, usually several μ πι to several Although it contains an average particle size of 10 μπι, it is a so-called emulsified liquid with an average particle size of about several πι (about 1 to 3 μπι) even when manufactured using a particularly excellent emulsifier. Water fuel (emulsion fuel).

However, the emulsion fuel in this emulsified liquid tends to separate over time, and even if it does not separate, it has the property of increasing in viscosity (dilatancy) over time, contrary to wrinkle denaturation (titatropy), and clogging pipes and nozzles. There was an accident. The emulsion fuel obtained by the present invention is a mixture of oil and water in an ultrafine state (nano level), and the average particle size of the constituent particles of water or combustible oil is 1,000 nm, preferably 200 to 700 nrn. Because it is an emulsion fuel, it has excellent stability, high combustion efficiency, and can be used for engines, combustion furnaces, incinerators, boilers, and power generation.

For example, if the present invention is used for engine fuel of a car or a ship, it will save 15 to 25%, and 煤, dioxin will be 1/2 to 1Ζ5, ΝΟχ will be about 1/2 to 1/3 and low pollution. Since it is obtained and has good stability, it is possible to produce this liquid mixture at a gas station and replenish it to the fuel tank of the car as in the present situation.

Furthermore, it can be applied to boilers, generators, combustion furnaces, incinerators, and waste oil can be used. If it is used for combustion furnaces, the energy saving effect can be increased by 30-40%, for example. Yes.

Claims

Of request

1.Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water While adding 10.0 to 15.0 parts by volume of water, combustible water and combustible oil are mixed and refined and mixed with water or combustible oil. A method for producing an emulsion fuel having an average particle diameter of 100 Onm or less.

2. Refinement · Water and flammable oil are refined and mixed by mixing means to form an emulsion fuel having an average particle size of water or flammable oil of 200 to 700 nm. A method for producing the emulsion fuel described.

3. Reduce the water reduction potential to 1 l OOmv or less and add flammable oil to make it finer.Mix the water and flammable oil with mixing means.Mix the average particle size of water or flammable oil. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.

4. Any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the water is one or more selected from drinking water, rainwater, domestic wastewater, organic wastewater, industrial wastewater or livestock wastewater. Or a method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 1.

5. The flammable oil must be one or more selected from oils such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene and volatile oil, industrial waste oil, tempura oil, soybean oil, sesame oil and other edible oils. The method of producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The combustible oil or water or the combustible oil and water contains PCBs, dioxins, PCBs or dioxins, or any one of claims 1-5. Or a method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 1.

7.Miniaturization 'means that the mixing means pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and refines and mixes by the cavitation effect due to turbulent flow generated by one or more orifices. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:

8. The refined 'mixing means pressurizes the primary mixture of water and combustible oil and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 mZs or more, and it has many holes with a diameter of 500 zm or less. 8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the device is a device that accelerates through the holes of the liquid and refines and mixes them by a cavity effect caused by turbulent flow between the liquid flows. How to make emerald fuel

9. Combustible oil Obtained by water-flammable oil primary mixing means for primary mixing of water and flammable oil while adding water 10.0-15.0 parts by volume to 100 parts by volume, and the primary mixing means. The water-combustible oil-based primary mixture is refined and mixed to form fine particles, and the water or combustible oil has an average particle size of 1000 nm or less as an emulsion fuel. Emulsion fuel production equipment.

10.Refining 'Mixing means refines the water-flammable oil-based primary mixture obtained by the primary mixing means into a fine particle state, and the average particle size of water or combustible oil is 200-700nm 10. The apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 9, wherein the apparatus is an emulsion fuel.

1 1. The method for producing an emulsion fuel according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the reduction potential of water used is 1 lOOmv or less.

12. Refinement 'Mixing means pressurizes water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and passes it through one or more small holes, and refines and mixes it by the cavitation effect caused by turbulent flow generated at the orifice The apparatus for producing an emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by comprising:

13. Refinement · The mixing means pressurizes the water-combustible oil-based primary mixture and flows it through the pump at a flow rate of 50 m / s or more, and there are many holes with a diameter of 200 μιη or less. The apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized by comprising a device that accelerates through the hole in the wall body and causes cavitation by turbulent flow caused by the orifices of the same liquid flow to refine and mix. The apparatus for producing the emulsion fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

14. Combustible oil 100 parts by volume of water 10. 0-15.0. 0 parts by volume of finely-mixed emulsion means, and the average particle of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel Emulsion fuel with a diameter of lOOOnm or less.

15. The emulsion fuel according to claim 14, wherein the average particle size of water or combustible oil in the emulsion fuel is 200 to 700 nm.