WO2016068136A1 - Water-mixed fuel and water-mixed fuel generation device - Google Patents

Water-mixed fuel and water-mixed fuel generation device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016068136A1
WO2016068136A1 PCT/JP2015/080260 JP2015080260W WO2016068136A1 WO 2016068136 A1 WO2016068136 A1 WO 2016068136A1 JP 2015080260 W JP2015080260 W JP 2015080260W WO 2016068136 A1 WO2016068136 A1 WO 2016068136A1
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water
mixed
oil
fuel oil
mixed fuel
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PCT/JP2015/080260
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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▲高▼山敦好
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株式会社Ｍｇグローアップ
丸福水産株式会社
▲高▼山敦好
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Publication of WO2016068136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016068136A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water-mixed fuel produced by mixing and stirring a mixed fuel oil and water without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device for generating this water-mixed fuel.
  • the water-mixed fuel is not an emulsified fuel using an emulsifier like an emulsion fuel, but a fuel in which an emulsifier is not required and water and fuel are uniformly mixed, and is distinguished from an emulsion fuel.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for mixing water and organic base oil with fuel oil to produce a water-mixed fuel with a significantly reduced viscosity, that is, an excellent viscosity reducing effect with respect to high-viscosity fuel oil.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that the addition of an emulsifier is preferable because it reduces the water particle size and improves the stability of the water-mixed fuel (water emulsion).
  • the present invention provides a water-mixed fuel capable of reducing the water particle size and improving the stability of the water-mixed fuel without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device that generates the water-mixed fuel.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • a mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. This mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and produced without using an emulsifier.
  • a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained by mixing the main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and the auxiliary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
  • the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed, the shear stress acting on the water by the mixed fuel oil is increased, and the refinement of water is promoted. Therefore, it is possible to prevent oil / water separation by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the fluid mixer. Furthermore, it is also possible to steadily produce a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less).
  • invention of Claim 2 is invention of Claim 1, Comprising:
  • the auxiliary fuel oil is characterized by having a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
  • the mixing ratio is such that the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
  • Water-mixed fuel oil can be used in the combustion engine.
  • the auxiliary fuel oil having a high viscosity tends to have a high sulfur concentration, but the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved.
  • invention of Claim 3 is invention of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: As the main fuel oil, light oil or A heavy oil is used, while as the auxiliary fuel oil, C heavy oil or coal oil is used.
  • the invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
  • the water is characterized in that it is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of its accumulated weight is 1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel consumption is improved by refining the water so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight becomes 1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
  • the water is characterized by being refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized by refining the water so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the average water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized.
  • the invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
  • the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil to water is 70:30.
  • the fuel consumption can be greatly improved by setting the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water to 70:30.
  • the invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6, As water, in the scrubber apparatus used for exhaust gas treatment, waste water generated after scrubber treatment is used.
  • the waste water mixed fuel can be generated by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water generated after the scrubber treatment.
  • the waste water mixed fuel can be generated by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water generated after the scrubber treatment.
  • tap water is used as the solvent for the scrubber
  • the organic matter and the inorganic matter contained in the exhaust gas are mixed into the wastewater generated after the scrubber treatment. Therefore, when the produced wastewater mixed fuel is burned, it is predicted that sulfuric acid is further generated and that the sulfur content concentration of the wastewater mixed fuel is increased. In that case, the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) at the time of mixing and stirring the wastewater and fuel oil.
  • a main fuel supply unit that supplies a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a sub fuel supply unit that supplies a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and a main fuel oil and a sub fuel oil are mixed and mixed at a certain ratio.
  • the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil are uniformly mixed at a constant ratio by the first fluid mixing section, thereby obtaining a mixed fuel oil in which the viscosity difference from the added water is firmly secured. Yes.
  • the mixed fuel oil as the dispersion medium and the added water as the dispersoid are mixed at a constant ratio by the second fluid mixing unit, so that the added water as the dispersoid can be steadily added due to the difference in viscosity between the two.
  • a shearing force acts to refine the added water (for example, 80% or more of the added water to a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or less) to form fine water droplets, and a mixed fuel as a dispersion medium
  • a water-mixed fuel can be produced without using an emulsifier.
  • the water mixed fuel which can aim at the refinement
  • generation apparatus as this embodiment.
  • Control block diagram The conceptual diagram of the wastewater mixed fuel production and supply system as other this embodiment.
  • the water-mixed fuel according to the present embodiment is generated by a water-mixed fuel generating device (hereinafter also referred to as “generating device”) A shown in FIG. Then, the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of equipment such as an engine and a boiler (engine E in this embodiment) as a combustion apparatus.
  • a water-mixed fuel generating device hereinafter also referred to as “generating device” A shown in FIG.
  • the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of equipment such as an engine and a boiler (engine E in this embodiment) as a combustion apparatus.
  • a water-mixed fuel is made into a mixed fuel oil by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and this mixed fuel oil and water (for example, tap water or pure water). Are mixed and agitated and produced without using an emulsifier.
  • the main fuel oil for example, light oil, heavy fuel oil A, or biofuel can be used.
  • the auxiliary fuel oil for example, C heavy oil or coal oil (specifically, creosote oil or the like) can be used.
  • the second fluid mixer M2 included in the generation device A described later can be miniaturized so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight of water is 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is miniaturized so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be set to, for example, 50 to 98:50 to 2, preferably 80:20. That is, the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be appropriately set in the range of 50:50 to 98: 2 depending on the combination of the types in consideration of the mutual viscosity difference.
  • the auxiliary fuel oil can make up a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
  • the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water can be set, for example, to 60 to 80:40 to 20, and preferably to 70:30.
  • these mixed weight ratios are as follows: 55% light oil as the main fuel oil (0% sulfur content), 15% coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), 30% water % Can be set to a combination. Also, 65% low sulfur A heavy oil as the main fuel oil (0.07% sulfur content), 5% coal oil as the secondary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), and 30% water. You can also. By setting to such a combination, a water-mixed fuel having a sulfur content of 0.1% or less can be generated.
  • a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity are mixed to form a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity increased from that of the main fuel oil.
  • the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and stirred, the shear stress acting on the mixed fuel oil on the water is increased, and the refinement of the water is promoted. Accordingly, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less). .
  • the mixing ratio of the main and secondary fuel oil is such that the weight of the secondary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil, so that the secondary fuel oil having a high viscosity has a sulfur concentration.
  • the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved. Furthermore, the water-mixed fuel produced in this way can be used without heating in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines mainly composed of fuel having a relatively low viscosity.
  • the water is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight is 10 ⁇ m or less, so that the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
  • the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized.
  • the average water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized. And fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the weight ratio of mixed fuel oil and water being set to 70:30.
  • the generator A includes a main fuel oil tank T1 as a main fuel supply unit that supplies main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, and a sub fuel oil that supplies sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
  • the auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 as the fuel supply unit is mixed with the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil at a certain ratio (for example, the weight ratio in which the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is set to 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil).
  • the generator A has a base end portion of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 connected to the bottom of the main fuel oil tank T ⁇ b> 1 containing the main fuel oil.
  • a first electric flow rate adjusting valve V1 and a first flow meter R1 are arranged in series in this order.
  • the base end portion of the auxiliary fuel oil outflow pipe 2 is connected to the bottom portion of the auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 containing the auxiliary fuel oil.
  • a second electric flow rate adjusting valve V2 and a second flow meter R2 are arranged in series in this order.
  • tip part of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 is connected to the front-end
  • the base end portion of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected to the bottom of the water tank T3 containing water.
  • a third electric flow rate adjusting valve V3 and a third flow meter R3 are arranged in series in this order.
  • tip part of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected with the front-end
  • the tip of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 is connected to the inlet of the second fluid mixer M2.
  • An electric pump P is disposed in the middle of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6.
  • a fourth electric flow rate adjusting valve V4 is disposed in the middle of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5.
  • a fifth electric flow rate adjusting valve V5 is disposed at the proximal end of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6.
  • the mixing ratio of the main / sub fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1, V2.
  • the mixing ratio of water and mixed fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3, V4.
  • the electric pump P sucks the combined fluid of the mixed fuel oil and water in the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 and discharges (pressure-feeds) it toward the second fluid mixer M2 to the second fluid mixer M2.
  • a merging fluid is introduced.
  • the base end of the water mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2.
  • the tip of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the fuel inlet of the engine E.
  • the base end portion of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel lead-out pipe 7 located near the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2.
  • the tip of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 located on the upstream side of the electric pump P.
  • the circulation channel J is formed.
  • a sixth electric flow rate adjusting valve V6 is disposed downstream of the branch portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7. In the middle of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8, a pressure regulating valve V7 is provided.
  • R5 is a fifth flow meter disposed in the portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 located on the downstream side of the sixth electric flow control valve V6.
  • the first fluid mixer M1 only needs to be capable of uniformly mixing and stirring the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil.
  • the “stirrer” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6) can be employed.
  • this “stirring device” a mixing rotating body attached to a rotating shaft connected to an electric motor Mo as a rotation driving source is disposed in the liquid in the stirring tank.
  • the mixing rotator overlaps two upper and lower disks as a set, and forms an inflow port in the center of the upper disk, and a large number of cylindrical chambers opening forward are arranged on the front surfaces facing each other. Let it form.
  • the upper disc chamber and the lower disc chamber are arranged at different positions so that the respective chambers communicate with other opposing chambers.
  • a plurality of different fluids can be mixed and stirred.
  • main / sub fuel oils supplied from main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 are employed as a plurality of different fluids.
  • the second fluid mixer M2 only needs to be capable of refining the introduced dispersoid as water and making it uniform to the mixed fuel oil as the introduced dispersion medium.
  • 80% or more of the introduced water as a dispersoid is refined to a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less to form fine water particles, and the introduced dispersion medium As long as it can be made uniform in the mixed fuel oil.
  • a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) can be employed.
  • This “fluid mixing device” is a static fluid mixing device that does not have a drive unit, and is configured by arranging honeycomb structure elements in series inside a unit.
  • a plurality of different fluids (water and mixed fuel oil in the present embodiment) are pressurized and passed to apply a shearing force, thereby shortening the ultrafine and uniform mixing. It can be realized in time.
  • the generating device A configured as described above is provided with a controller C as shown in FIG.
  • the controller C is a computer device that includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like that are connected to each other via an internal bus.
  • the CPU has a built-in timer, reads a control program stored in the ROM into the RAM, and executes calculations such as addition ratios of main / sub fuel oil and water according to the control program.
  • output information from the operation unit Op and the first to fifth flow meters R1 to R5 is input to the controller C via an input interface.
  • the controller C generates control information based on these output information and drives the first to sixth electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V6, the pressure adjusting valve V7, and the first fluid mixer M1.
  • Control information is output to Mo, the electric pump P, and the electric three-way valve Vc via an output interface.
  • the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil.
  • the desired main and auxiliary fuel oil amounts [kg] are respectively calculated, and the opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 adapted thereto are determined and determined.
  • the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are opened for each opening amount.
  • the flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils flowing through the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2, respectively, are detected by the first and second flow meters R1 and R2, respectively. Is input to the controller C.
  • the respective opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are feedback controlled until a desired mixing ratio of the set main / sub fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils reach the set amounts. Then, the main and auxiliary fuel oils are mixed and stirred by the first fluid mixer M1 to generate mixed fuel oil.
  • the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixed weight ratio between water and the mixed fuel oil generated by the first fluid mixer M1.
  • the desired water addition amount [kg] and the mixed fuel oil amount [kg] are calculated, and the respective opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are determined.
  • the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are opened for each determined opening amount.
  • the flow rates of the fluids (water and mixed fuel oil) flowing through the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are detected by the third and fourth flow meters R3 and R4, respectively. Detection information is input to the controller C.
  • the opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are feedback controlled until the set ratio of the desired water and the mixed fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of water and the mixed fuel oil become the set amounts.
  • the mixed fluid in which a desired water addition ratio is obtained is introduced into the second fluid mixer M2 through the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 by the electric pump P by opening the fifth electric flow control valve V5. Is done.
  • water as a dispersoid is refined to an average water particle size of 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m to form fine water particles, and is uniformized in the mixed fuel oil as a dispersion medium.
  • water-mixed fuel is generated.
  • the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E by appropriately opening the sixth electric flow control valve V6.
  • the circulation flow channel J is connected to the second fluid mixer M2. Communicated.
  • the water-mixed fuel is circulated in the circulation channel J and mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2 a plurality of times, so that the desired water droplets that are dispersoids are refined.
  • wastewater mixed fuel can be generated by applying wastewater instead of water. That is, the wastewater mixed fuel uses wastewater generated after scrubber treatment (cleaning dust collection processing) as water in a scrubber device (cleaning dust collection device) used for exhaust gas treatment.
  • the scrubber device is provided in a wastewater mixed fuel generation / supply system (hereinafter also abbreviated as “generation / supply system”) S shown in FIG.
  • waste water mixed fuel can be produced by mixing / stirring with the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water Ww produced after the scrubber treatment. As a result, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of disposing the waste water Ww, and to effectively use the waste water Ww.
  • the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) when mixing and stirring the wastewater Ww and the fuel oil.
  • sulfuric acid deulfurization
  • lime water as a solvent for scrubber treatment, it is possible to collect gypsum mixed with nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides. Therefore, by setting the concentration of sulfur in the mixed fuel oil to be 0.1% or less, the generation of sulfuric acid from the wastewater mixed fuel or the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be significantly reduced. it can.
  • the generation / supply system S includes an exhaust passage 9 in an exhaust port provided in an engine E that is an internal combustion engine as a combustion device.
  • the base end is connected.
  • a base end portion of the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr is connected to the middle portion of the exhaust passage 9 through an electric three-way regulating valve Vc1.
  • a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust passage 9 is caused to flow into the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr by the electric three-way regulating valve Vc1.
  • the front end of the intake passage 10 is connected to an intake port provided in the engine E.
  • the front end of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is connected to the midway portion of the intake flow path 10.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation means A1 includes an exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr and an exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa By driving the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa, a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is sucked into the engine E and recirculated.
  • the generation / supply system S configured as described above forms an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system.
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • a scrubber device Sk as wet exhaust gas purification means is provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr, and is positioned upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa.
  • the scrubber device Sk is a device that collects and separates particles (SOx, dust, etc.) in the exhaust gas in a cleaning liquid droplet or liquid film using a liquid such as water as a cleaning liquid (treated water).
  • exhaust gas (exhaust gas) flowing in the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is brought into gas-liquid contact with the treated water to generate a purified gas that has been purified, and the purified gas and the intake air are combined.
  • the mixed gas is sent to the intake port of the engine E through the downstream side of the intake flow path, and the treated liquid that captures the dust in the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) is used as waste water Ww.
  • the scrubber device Sk is connected to the generating device A instead of the water tank T3 of the generating device A. That is, the scrubber device Sk is connected to the tip end portion of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5 via the wastewater outflow pipe 4a as a wastewater supply channel.
  • the second fluid mixer M2 waste water Ww and mixed fuel oil are supplied through a waste water outflow pipe 4a and a mixed fuel outflow pipe 5, respectively.
  • the waste water Ww and the mixed fuel oil supplied into the second fluid mixer M2 are mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2, so that a mixed fuel is generated.
  • the generated wastewater mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E.
  • the mixed fuel oil to be mixed with the waste water Ww is a mixture of a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
  • the mixing weight ratio of the main and auxiliary fuel oil is the same as in the case of water-mixed fuel. That is, the auxiliary fuel oil has a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
  • the main fuel oil uses light oil, A heavy oil or biofuel, while the auxiliary fuel oil uses C heavy oil.
  • coal oil specifically, creosote oil or the like
  • creosote oil or the like can be used.
  • the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated volume of the waste water Ww is refined by the second fluid mixer M2 so as to be 10 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. More desirably, the fine particles are refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the volume ratio of the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww is desirably 70:30, as in the case of the water mixed fuel.
  • the waste water Ww produced in the scrubber device Sk and the main / sub fuel oils supplied from the main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 as fuel oil supply units are second fluid mixers. Since the waste water mixed fuel is generated by mixing and stirring by M2, and the generated waste water mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E, the waste water Ww can be effectively used as a part of the waste water mixed fuel. . This eliminates the need for a waste disposal device that disposes of waste water Ww, thereby reducing the system construction cost.
  • a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained.
  • the difference in viscosity between the fuel oil and the waste water Ww mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww are mixed and stirred, the shear stress that the mixed fuel oil acts on the waste water Ww is increased, and the refinement of the waste water Ww is promoted. Therefore, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a waste water mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less). it can.
  • the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
  • the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be realized well.
  • the average water particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized.
  • fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the volume ratio of mixed fuel oil and waste water Ww being set to 70:30.
  • Equation (1) the water-mixed fuel is accompanied by an endothermic reaction called a water gas reaction, and the combustion temperature can be lowered from a micro explosion of water. Furthermore, since the contact area between the fuel and air increases dramatically, as shown in equations (2) and (3), the combustibility is improved and the overall heat quantity is increased, and the combustibility by adding water is improved. It is what is done. It is presumed that the combustion mode of diffusion combustion or evaporative combustion determines the effect of water.
  • First fluid mixer M1 As the first fluid mixer M1, “Ramond Stirrer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is the “stirring device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6), was adopted.
  • Second fluid mixer M2 As the second fluid mixer M2, “Ramond Nanomixer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) is adopted. did.
  • This “Ramond nanomixer” is a high-viscosity liquid / heterophasic dispersion system in which uniform mixing is difficult, and can exert more power.
  • Exhaust gas analyzer For the analysis of exhaust gas, testo 350 made by test was used. The measurement is NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO (ppmv), CO 2 , O 2 (%). A part of the exhaust gas (approximately 0.9 L / min) was sucked.
  • EA14-NB is a direct-injection one-cylinder four-cycle diesel engine with a bore of 94 mm, a stroke of 90 mm, that is, 624 cc, and a rated output of 11.5 PS at 2600 rpm.
  • the production method by the production apparatus A that does not use a surfactant (emulsifier) is to mix A heavy oil and C heavy oil by the first fluid mixer M1 to make a mixed fuel, and then add water (tap water) to the mixed fuel. It was produced by mixing with the second fluid mixer M2.
  • the engine load was 3 patterns of 25%, 50% and 75%, and the rotation speed was fixed at 2600 rpm.
  • FIG. 6 shows the microscopic results of the water-mixed fuel.
  • a) is A heavy oil emulsion fuel mixed with 2% surfactant
  • the average water particle size is 2 ⁇ m for a), 100 nm for b), and 1 ⁇ m for c). Comparing a) and c), it can be said that the water particle size was stabilized by adding C heavy oil. This is because the difference in viscosity between water and heavy oil is expected to be greatly related to the mixing property, as seen in b). It can be said that it became.
  • the heavy oil A showed a slight increase or decrease in the NO X concentration of 5.8 to 6.72 g / kWh, and the CO, CO 2 and SO 2 concentrations tended to decrease with increasing load.
  • a diesel engine of 2000 rpm or higher can be said to be an engine that complies with the IMO secondary regulation because the emission amount of the IMO secondary regulation is 7.7 g / kWh or less.
  • C heavy oil, NO X concentration becomes a value lower than the 4.98 ⁇ 5.75 g / kWh and A heavy oil.
  • the concentration of CO and CO 2 was very high, and the concentration of sulfur was about 3 times that of heavy fuel oil A, so the concentration also increased 2 to 3 times. This is because part of the sulfur content in the fuel oil becomes PM (particulate matter).
  • Fig. 8 shows a list of fuel consumption.
  • the fuel consumption was as follows. Heavy oil A is 0.950 kg / h when the load is 25%, that is, 449.2 g / kWh, 1.290 kg / h when the load is 50%, that is, 305.1 g / kWh, and the load is 75%. It was 1.809 kg / h, that is, 285.2 g / kWh.
  • C heavy oil is 1.224kg / h at 25% load, ie 579.1g / kWh, 1.622kg / h at 50% load, ie 383.4g / kWh, 75% load. It was 2.250 kg / h, that is, 354.7 g / kWh.
  • FIG. 9 shows the experimental results of a water-mixed fuel of 66.5% A heavy oil, 3.5% C heavy oil, and 30% water. This fuel is called a mixed oil / water mixed fuel.
  • NO X when the load was 25%, the reduction was about 40%, but as the load increased, a reduction of 60% or more was observed.
  • SO 2 has increased by about 40%, it is due to the addition of C heavy oil, and the CO 2 concentration has increased significantly. From these, it can be said that discharge by water addition is made.
  • Fig. 10 shows a list of fuel consumption.
  • the mixed oil / water mixed fuel can improve the fuel efficiency by 10% or more.
  • it can be said that the fuel consumption is improved even at low load, and that the water particle size is reduced.

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Abstract

Provided are: a water-mixed fuel with which miniaturization of water particle size and an improvement in the stability of the water-mixed fuel can be achieved without using an emulsifier; and a water-mixed fuel generation device that generates said water-mixed fuel. A mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having relatively low viscosity and an auxiliary fuel oil having relatively high viscosity, and said mixed fuel oil is mixed with water to generate the water-mixed fuel without using an emulsifier. Herein, light oil or A-type heavy oil is used as the main fuel oil, and C-type heavy oil or coal oil is used as the auxiliary fuel oil.

Description

水混合燃料及び水混合燃料生成装置Water-mixed fuel and water-mixed fuel generator
　本発明は、混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成した水混合燃料、及び、この水混合燃料を生成する水混合燃料生成装置に関する。ここで、水混合燃料とは，エマルジョン燃料のように乳化剤を用いた乳化燃料ではなく、乳化剤を不要とし、水と燃料を均一に混合させた燃料を指し、エマルジョン燃料と区別したものである。 The present invention relates to a water-mixed fuel produced by mixing and stirring a mixed fuel oil and water without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device for generating this water-mixed fuel. Here, the water-mixed fuel is not an emulsified fuel using an emulsifier like an emulsion fuel, but a fuel in which an emulsifier is not required and water and fuel are uniformly mixed, and is distinguished from an emulsion fuel.
　従来、水混合燃料の一形態として、特許文献１に開示されたものがある。すなわち、特許文献１には、燃料油に、水及び有機塩基油を混合して、粘度が著しく低下した水混合燃料を生成する技術、つまり、高粘度の燃料油に対して優れた粘度低下効果を発揮する技術が開示されている。そして、特許文献１には、乳化剤の添加は、それによって水粒径が小さくなり、水混合燃料（水エマルジョン）の安定性が向上するので好ましいものである、と記載されている。 Conventionally, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1 as one form of water-mixed fuel. That is, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for mixing water and organic base oil with fuel oil to produce a water-mixed fuel with a significantly reduced viscosity, that is, an excellent viscosity reducing effect with respect to high-viscosity fuel oil. A technique that demonstrates the above is disclosed. Patent Document 1 describes that the addition of an emulsifier is preferable because it reduces the water particle size and improves the stability of the water-mixed fuel (water emulsion).
特開昭５８－５９２８７JP 58-59287
　しかしながら、水粒の微細化や水混合燃料の安定性向上化を目的として乳化剤を添加すると、添加する乳化剤が高額であるため、その分、水混合燃料の製造コストが著しく上昇するという不具合や、その乳化剤が水混合燃料の燃焼に悪影響を及ぼしてしまうという問題や、その乳化剤が燃焼することによって、大気汚染の原因となる物質が生成されるという問題がある。 However, if an emulsifier is added for the purpose of refining the water droplets or improving the stability of the water-mixed fuel, the added emulsifier is expensive, and accordingly, the production cost of the water-mixed fuel increases significantly, There is a problem that the emulsifier has an adverse effect on the combustion of the water-mixed fuel, and that the substance that causes air pollution is generated when the emulsifier burns.
　そこで、本発明は、乳化剤を用いることなく、水粒径の微細化や水混合燃料の安定性向上化を図ることができる水混合燃料、及び、この水混合燃料を生成する水混合燃料生成装置を提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a water-mixed fuel capable of reducing the water particle size and improving the stability of the water-mixed fuel without using an emulsifier, and a water-mixed fuel generating device that generates the water-mixed fuel. The purpose is to provide.
　請求項１記載の発明は、
　粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、
　この混合燃料油と水を混合して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したことを特徴とする。 The invention described in claim 1
A mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
This mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and produced without using an emulsifier.
　請求項１記載の発明では、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで、主燃料油よりも粘度が増大した混合燃料油となすことができて、この混合燃料油と、それに混合する水との粘度差を増大させることができる。そのため、混合燃料油と水を混合した際には、混合燃料油が水に作用するせん断応力が増加されて、水の微細化が促進される。したがって、流体混合器により混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌することで、油水分離を防ぐことが可能である。さらに、ナノレベル化（水粒径が１μｍ以下）された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することも可能である。 In the first aspect of the invention, a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained by mixing the main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and the auxiliary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. Thus, the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed, the shear stress acting on the water by the mixed fuel oil is increased, and the refinement of water is promoted. Therefore, it is possible to prevent oil / water separation by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the fluid mixer. Furthermore, it is also possible to steadily produce a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 μm or less).
　請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の発明であって、
　副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の３０％以下の重量割合となしたことを特徴とする。 Invention of Claim 2 is invention of Claim 1, Comprising:
The auxiliary fuel oil is characterized by having a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
　請求項２記載の発明では、混合割合として、副燃料油の重量が、主燃料油の重量の３０％以下となるようにしているため、粘度の比較的低い燃料を主とする内燃機関および外燃機関において水混合燃料油が使用できる。また、粘度が高い副燃料油は硫黄分濃度が高い傾向があるが、主燃料油を硫黄分濃度が低い燃料と組み合わせることで硫黄分濃度を抑制することができる。そのため、混合する主・副燃料油が含有する硫黄分の合計が０.１％以下となるように容易に設定することができて、混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度が０.１％以下となるようにする規制に適応する水混合燃料を生成することができる。 In the second aspect of the invention, the mixing ratio is such that the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil. Water-mixed fuel oil can be used in the combustion engine. In addition, the auxiliary fuel oil having a high viscosity tends to have a high sulfur concentration, but the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved.
　請求項３記載の発明は、請求項１又は２記載の発明であって、
　主燃料油としては、軽油やＡ重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、Ｃ重油や石炭油を使用することを特徴とする。 Invention of Claim 3 is invention of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising:
As the main fuel oil, light oil or A heavy oil is used, while as the auxiliary fuel oil, C heavy oil or coal oil is used.
　請求項３記載の発明では、主燃料油として軽油やＡ重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としてＣ重油や石炭油を使用することで、水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となすことができて、このような混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌装置により混合・撹拌することで、ナノレベルに微細化された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。 In the invention described in claim 3, while using light oil or A heavy oil as the main fuel oil, using C heavy oil or coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil, a mixed fuel oil in which the difference in viscosity from water is firmly secured. By mixing and stirring such a mixed fuel oil and water with a mixing / stirring device, it is possible to steadily produce a water-mixed fuel containing water particles refined to the nano level. .
　請求項４記載の発明は、請求項１～３のいずれか1項記載の発明であって、
　水は、その積算重量の８０％の水粒径が１μｍ以下となるように微細化したことを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The water is characterized in that it is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of its accumulated weight is 1 μm or less.
　請求項４記載の発明では、水を、その積算重量の８０％の水粒径が１μｍ以下となるように微細化することで、ＮＯｘ濃度が低減されるとともに、燃費が改善される。 In the invention according to claim 4, the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel consumption is improved by refining the water so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight becomes 1 μm or less.
　請求項５記載の発明は、請求項１～４のいずれか１項記載の発明であって、
　水は、その平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ～１μｍとなるように微細化したことを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The water is characterized by being refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 μm.
　請求項５記載の発明では、水を、その平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ～１μｍとなるように微細化することで、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率と燃費の改善を良好に実現することができる。ここで、平均水粒径が１μｍ以下においては、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率が悪化する一方、燃費は向上する。つまり、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率と燃費は、トレードオフの関係にあると言えるが、平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ以上においては、ＮＯｘ濃度の適度な低減率と燃費の改善を実現することができる。 In the invention according to claim 5, the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized by refining the water so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 μm. Here, when the average water particle size is 1 μm or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized.
　請求項６記載の発明は、請求項１～５のいずれか１項記載の発明であって、
　混合燃料油と水の重量比は、７０：３０となしたことを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil to water is 70:30.
　請求項６記載の発明では、混合燃料油と水の重量比を、７０：３０となすことで、燃費を大幅に改善することができる。 In the invention according to claim 6, the fuel consumption can be greatly improved by setting the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water to 70:30.
　請求項７記載の発明は、請求項１～６のいずれか１項記載の発明であって、
　水としては、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置において、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水を使用したことを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
As water, in the scrubber apparatus used for exhaust gas treatment, waste water generated after scrubber treatment is used.
　請求項７記載の発明では、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水を廃棄処理することなく、混合燃料油と混合・撹拌することで、廃水混合燃料を生成することができる。その結果、廃水を廃棄処理する手間や費用を削減することができるとともに、廃水を有効利用することができる。この際、スクラバの溶媒として水道水を使用した場合、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水には、排ガス中に含まれる有機物及び無機物が混入される。そのため、生成された廃水混合燃料を燃焼させると、さらに硫酸が発生することや、廃水混合燃料の硫黄分濃度が高くなることが予測される。その場合には、廃水と燃料油との混合・撹拌時に硫酸を発生（脱硫）させることで、廃水混合燃料中の硫黄分濃度を低減することができる。また、スクラバの溶媒として水酸化ナトリウム水を使用することで、廃水のｐＨ値を上昇させることが可能であり、また、スクラバの溶媒として石灰水を使用することで、窒素酸化物や硫黄酸化物が混入した石膏として捕集することが可能である。これらより、船舶燃料に関し２０１５年より施行予定の混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度を０.１％以下にするという規制に適応させることができる。 According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the waste water mixed fuel can be generated by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water generated after the scrubber treatment. As a result, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of disposing of waste water and to effectively use waste water. At this time, when tap water is used as the solvent for the scrubber, the organic matter and the inorganic matter contained in the exhaust gas are mixed into the wastewater generated after the scrubber treatment. Therefore, when the produced wastewater mixed fuel is burned, it is predicted that sulfuric acid is further generated and that the sulfur content concentration of the wastewater mixed fuel is increased. In that case, the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) at the time of mixing and stirring the wastewater and fuel oil. Moreover, it is possible to raise the pH value of wastewater by using sodium hydroxide water as a solvent for scrubber, and nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide by using lime water as a solvent for scrubber. It can be collected as gypsum mixed. From these, it is possible to adapt to the regulation that the concentration of sulfur in the mixed fuel oil scheduled to be enforced from 2015 on ship fuel is 0.1% or less.
　請求項８記載の発明は、
　粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で混合して混合燃料油となす第１流体混合部と、添加水を供給する添加水供給部と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合で混合して水混合燃料となす第２流体混合部と、を具備していることを特徴とする。 The invention described in claim 8
A main fuel supply unit that supplies a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a sub fuel supply unit that supplies a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and a main fuel oil and a sub fuel oil are mixed and mixed at a certain ratio. A first fluid mixing unit configured as fuel oil, an added water supply unit configured to supply additional water, and a second fluid mixing unit configured to mix the mixed fuel oil and the additional water at a certain ratio to form water mixed fuel. It is characterized by that.
　請求項８記載の発明では、第１流体混合部により主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で均一に混合して、添加水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となしている。その後に、第２流体混合部により分散媒としての混合燃料油と、分散質としての添加水とを一定の割合で混合することで、相互の粘度差により分散質としての添加水には堅実にせん断力が作用して、添加水を微細化（例えば、添加水の８０％以上を１０μｍ以下の粒径まで微細化）して微小な水粒となすことができるとともに、分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができて、乳化剤を用いることなく水混合燃料を生成することができる。 In the invention described in claim 8, the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil are uniformly mixed at a constant ratio by the first fluid mixing section, thereby obtaining a mixed fuel oil in which the viscosity difference from the added water is firmly secured. Yes. After that, the mixed fuel oil as the dispersion medium and the added water as the dispersoid are mixed at a constant ratio by the second fluid mixing unit, so that the added water as the dispersoid can be steadily added due to the difference in viscosity between the two. A shearing force acts to refine the added water (for example, 80% or more of the added water to a particle size of 10 μm or less) to form fine water droplets, and a mixed fuel as a dispersion medium A water-mixed fuel can be produced without using an emulsifier.
　本発明によれば、乳化剤を用いることなく、水粒径の微細化や水混合燃料の安定性向上化を図ることができる水混合燃料、及び、この水混合燃料を生成する水混合燃料生成装置を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the water mixed fuel which can aim at the refinement | miniaturization of water particle size and the stability improvement of water mixed fuel, without using an emulsifier, and the water mixed fuel production | generation apparatus which produces | generates this water mixed fuel Can be provided.
本実施形態としての水混合燃料生成装置の概念図。The conceptual diagram of the water mixed fuel production | generation apparatus as this embodiment. 制御ブロック図。Control block diagram. 他本実施形態としての廃水混合燃料生成・供給システムの概念図。The conceptual diagram of the wastewater mixed fuel production and supply system as other this embodiment. エンジンの諸元の一覧表。A list of engine specifications. 燃料の性状の一覧表。A list of fuel properties. 水混合燃料の顕微鏡撮影結果。Micrograph of water-mixed fuel. a)Ａ重油の実験結果と、b)Ｃ重油の実験結果。a) Experimental results of A heavy oil and b) Experimental results of C heavy oil. 燃費の一覧表。A list of fuel consumption. 水混合燃料の実験結果。Experimental results of water-mixed fuel. 燃料消費量の一覧表。A list of fuel consumption.
　以下に、本発明に係る実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。すなわち、本実施形態に係る水混合燃料は、図１に示す後述の水混合燃料生成装置（以下、「生成装置」と略称することもある。）Ａにより生成されるものであり、生成装置Ａでは、生成した水混合燃料を燃焼装置としてのエンジンやボイラ等の機器（本実施形態ではエンジンＥ）の燃焼室に供給するようにしている。 Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. That is, the water-mixed fuel according to the present embodiment is generated by a water-mixed fuel generating device (hereinafter also referred to as “generating device”) A shown in FIG. Then, the generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of equipment such as an engine and a boiler (engine E in this embodiment) as a combustion apparatus.
　［水混合燃料についての説明］
　水混合燃料は、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、この混合燃料油と水（例えば、水道水や純水）を混合・撹拌して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したものである。 [Description of water-mixed fuel]
A water-mixed fuel is made into a mixed fuel oil by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and this mixed fuel oil and water (for example, tap water or pure water). Are mixed and agitated and produced without using an emulsifier.
　主燃料油と副燃料油とは、相対的に粘度差の大きいものを採択して混合燃料油となすことで、混合燃料油と水との粘度差を確保するのが望ましい。ここで、主燃料油としては、例えば、軽油やＡ重油やバイオ燃料を使用することができる。一方、副燃料油としては、例えば、Ｃ重油や石炭油（具体的には、クレオソート油等）を使用することができる。そうすることで、混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌した際に、分散相を形成する水にせん断力が堅実に作用して、ナノレベル（１μｍ以下）の微細な水粒径の水滴を含有する分散相となすことができる。本実施形態では、後述する生成装置Ａが具備する第２流体混合器Ｍ２により、水の積算重量の８０％の水粒径が１０μｍ以下、望ましくは、１μｍ以下となるように微細化することができ、より望ましくは、平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ～１μｍとなるように微細化する。 It is desirable to secure the difference in viscosity between the mixed fuel oil and water by adopting a relatively large difference in viscosity between the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil to obtain a mixed fuel oil. Here, as the main fuel oil, for example, light oil, heavy fuel oil A, or biofuel can be used. On the other hand, as the auxiliary fuel oil, for example, C heavy oil or coal oil (specifically, creosote oil or the like) can be used. By doing so, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and stirred, the shearing force acts steadily on the water that forms the dispersed phase and contains water droplets with a fine water particle size at the nano level (1 μm or less). And can be a dispersed phase. In the present embodiment, the second fluid mixer M2 included in the generation device A described later can be miniaturized so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight of water is 10 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. More preferably, it is miniaturized so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 μm.
　混合燃料油は、主燃料油と副燃料油の混合重量比を、例えば、５０～９８：５０～２に設定し、望ましくは、８０：２０に設定することができる。つまり、主燃料油と副燃料油の混合重量比は、相互の粘度差を考慮したそれらの種類の組み合わせにより、適宜、５０：５０～９８：２の範囲で設定することができる。好ましくは、副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の３０％以下の重量割合をとなすことができる。混合燃料油と水の重量比は、例えば、６０～８０：４０～２０に設定し、望ましくは、７０：３０に設定することができる。 In the mixed fuel oil, the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be set to, for example, 50 to 98:50 to 2, preferably 80:20. That is, the mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil can be appropriately set in the range of 50:50 to 98: 2 depending on the combination of the types in consideration of the mutual viscosity difference. Preferably, the auxiliary fuel oil can make up a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil. The weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil and water can be set, for example, to 60 to 80:40 to 20, and preferably to 70:30.
　これらの混合重量割合をより具体的に例示すると、主燃料油としての軽油５５％（硫黄分０％）と、副燃料油としての石炭油１５％（硫黄分０.５％）と、水３０％と、の組み合わせに設定することができる。また、主燃料油としてのローサルファＡ重油６５％（硫黄分０.０７％）と、副燃料油としての石炭油５％（硫黄分０.５％）と、水３０％の組み合わせに設定することもできる。このような組み合わせに設定することで、硫黄分が０.１％以下の水混合燃料を生成することができる。 More specifically, these mixed weight ratios are as follows: 55% light oil as the main fuel oil (0% sulfur content), 15% coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), 30% water % Can be set to a combination. Also, 65% low sulfur A heavy oil as the main fuel oil (0.07% sulfur content), 5% coal oil as the secondary fuel oil (0.5% sulfur content), and 30% water. You can also. By setting to such a combination, a water-mixed fuel having a sulfur content of 0.1% or less can be generated.
　このように構成した水混合燃料では、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで、主燃料油よりも粘度が増大した混合燃料油となすことができて、この混合燃料油と、それに混合する水との粘度差を増大させることができる。そのため、混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌した際には、混合燃料油が水に作用するせん断応力が増加されて、水の微細化が促進される。したがって、第２流体混合器Ｍ２により混合燃料油と水を混合・撹拌することで、ナノレベル化（水粒径が１μｍ以下）された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。 In the water-mixed fuel configured as described above, a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity are mixed to form a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity increased from that of the main fuel oil. Thus, the viscosity difference between the mixed fuel oil and the water mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and water are mixed and stirred, the shear stress acting on the mixed fuel oil on the water is increased, and the refinement of the water is promoted. Accordingly, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a water-mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 μm or less). .
　ここでの主・副燃料油の混合割合としては、副燃料油の重量が、主燃料油の重量の３０％以下となるようにしているため、粘度が高い副燃料油は、硫黄分濃度が高い傾向があるが、主燃料油を硫黄分濃度が低い燃料と組み合わせることで、硫黄分濃度を抑制することができる。そのため、混合する主・副燃料油が含有する硫黄分の合計が０.１％以下となるように容易に設定することができて、混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度が０.１％以下となるようにする規制に適応する水混合燃料を生成することができる。さらに、このように生成された水混合燃料は、粘度の比較的低い燃料を主とする内燃機関および外燃機関において、加温なしで使用することができる。 Here, the mixing ratio of the main and secondary fuel oil is such that the weight of the secondary fuel oil is 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil, so that the secondary fuel oil having a high viscosity has a sulfur concentration. Although it tends to be high, the sulfur concentration can be suppressed by combining the main fuel oil with a fuel having a low sulfur concentration. Therefore, it can be easily set so that the total sulfur content of the main and secondary fuel oils to be mixed is 0.1% or less, and the sulfur concentration in the mixed fuel oil is 0.1% or less. It is possible to produce a water-mixed fuel that complies with the regulations to be achieved. Furthermore, the water-mixed fuel produced in this way can be used without heating in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines mainly composed of fuel having a relatively low viscosity.
　したがって、例えば、主燃料油としては、軽油やＡ重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、Ｃ重油や石炭油を使用することで、水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となすことができて、このような混合燃料油と水を第２流体混合器Ｍ２により混合・撹拌することで、油水分離を防ぐことができる。また、ナノレベルに微細化された水粒を含む水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。 Therefore, for example, while using light oil or A heavy oil as the main fuel oil, using C heavy oil or coal oil as the auxiliary fuel oil, a mixed fuel oil in which a difference in viscosity from water is firmly secured. Therefore, oil / water separation can be prevented by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and water with the second fluid mixer M2. Moreover, the water mixed fuel containing the water particle refined | miniaturized to the nano level can be produced | generated firmly.
　しかも、水を、その積算重量の８０％の水粒径が１０μｍ以下となるように微細化することで、ＮＯｘ濃度が低減されるとともに、燃費が改善される。 Moreover, the water is refined so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated weight is 10 μm or less, so that the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
　さらには、水を、その平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ～１μｍとなるように微細化することで、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率と燃費の改善を良好に実現することができる。ここで、平均水粒径が１μｍ以下においては、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率が悪化する一方、燃費は向上する。つまり、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率と燃費は、トレードオフの関係にあると言えるが、平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ以上においては、ＮＯｘ濃度の適度な低減率と燃費の改善を実現することができる。そして、混合燃料油と水の重量比は、７０：３０となすことで、燃費を大幅に改善することができる。 Furthermore, by reducing the water so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 μm, the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be satisfactorily realized. Here, when the average water particle size is 1 μm or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized. And fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the weight ratio of mixed fuel oil and water being set to 70:30.
　［生成装置についての説明］
　前記した水混合燃料を生成する生成装置Ａの構成について、具体的に説明する。すなわち、生成装置Ａは、図1に示すように、粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部としての主燃料油タンクＴ１と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部としての副燃料油タンクＴ２と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合（例えば、副燃料油の重量を主燃料油の重量の３０％以下に設定した重量割合）で混合して混合燃料油となす第１流体混合部としての第１流体混合器Ｍ１と、添加水（例えば、水道水や純水等の水、又は、廃水）を供給する添加水供給部としての水タンクＴ３と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合（例えば、７０：３０の重量比割合）で混合して水混合燃料となす第２流体混合部としての第２流体混合器Ｍ２と、を具備している。 [Description of generator]
The structure of the production | generation apparatus A which produces | generates an above described water mixed fuel is demonstrated concretely. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the generator A includes a main fuel oil tank T1 as a main fuel supply unit that supplies main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, and a sub fuel oil that supplies sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. The auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 as the fuel supply unit is mixed with the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil at a certain ratio (for example, the weight ratio in which the weight of the auxiliary fuel oil is set to 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil). A first fluid mixer M1 serving as a first fluid mixing unit to be mixed fuel oil, and a water tank as an additional water supply unit for supplying additional water (for example, water such as tap water or pure water, or waste water). T3, and a second fluid mixer M2 as a second fluid mixing unit that mixes the mixed fuel oil and the added water at a certain ratio (for example, a weight ratio of 70:30) to form a water-mixed fuel. is doing.
　このように構成した生成装置Ａでは、第１流体混合器Ｍ１により主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で均一に混合して、添加水との粘度差が堅実に確保された混合燃料油となしている。その後に、第２流体混合器Ｍ２により分散媒としての混合燃料油と、分散質としての添加水とを一定の割合で混合することで、相互の粘度差により分散質としての添加水には堅実にせん断力が作用して、添加水の８０％以上を１０μｍ以下の粒径まで微細化して微小な水粒となすことができるとともに、分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができる。その結果、乳化剤を用いることなく、前記した水混合燃料を生成することができる。 In the generator A configured as described above, the mixed fuel oil in which the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil are uniformly mixed at a constant ratio by the first fluid mixer M1, and the viscosity difference from the added water is firmly ensured. It is said. After that, the mixed fuel oil as the dispersion medium and the added water as the dispersoid are mixed at a constant ratio by the second fluid mixer M2, so that the added water as the dispersoid is solid due to the difference in viscosity between the two. As a result, a shearing force acts, so that 80% or more of the added water can be refined to a particle size of 10 μm or less to form fine water particles, and can be made uniform in the mixed fuel oil as a dispersion medium. As a result, the above-described water-mixed fuel can be generated without using an emulsifier.
　より具体的に説明すると、生成装置Ａは、図１に示すように、主燃料油を収容した主燃料油タンクＴ１の底部に、主燃料油流出パイプ１の基端部を接続している。主燃料油流出パイプ１の中途部には、第１電動流量調整弁Ｖ１と第１流量計Ｒ１をこの順番で直列的に配設している。また、副燃料油を収容した副燃料油タンクＴ２の底部には、副燃料油流出パイプ２の基端部を接続している。副燃料油流出パイプ２の中途部には、第２電動流量調整弁Ｖ２と第２流量計Ｒ２をこの順番で直列的に配設している。そして、主燃料油流出パイプ１の先端部は、副燃料油流出パイプ２の先端部に接続して、この接続部に混合燃料導入パイプ３の基端部を接続するとともに、混合燃料導入パイプ３の先端部を第１流体混合器Ｍ１の導入口に接続している。 More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the generator A has a base end portion of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 connected to the bottom of the main fuel oil tank T <b> 1 containing the main fuel oil. In the middle of the main fuel oil outlet pipe 1, a first electric flow rate adjusting valve V1 and a first flow meter R1 are arranged in series in this order. Further, the base end portion of the auxiliary fuel oil outflow pipe 2 is connected to the bottom portion of the auxiliary fuel oil tank T2 containing the auxiliary fuel oil. In the middle part of the auxiliary fuel oil outflow pipe 2, a second electric flow rate adjusting valve V2 and a second flow meter R2 are arranged in series in this order. And the front-end | tip part of the main fuel oil outflow pipe 1 is connected to the front-end | tip part of the sub fuel oil outflow pipe 2, and while connecting the base end part of the mixed fuel introduction pipe 3 to this connection part, the mixed fuel introduction pipe 3 Is connected to the inlet of the first fluid mixer M1.
　また、水を収容した水タンクＴ３の底部には、水流出パイプ４の基端部を接続している。水流出パイプ４の中途部には、第３電動流量調整弁Ｖ３と第３流量計Ｒ３をこの順番で直列的に配設している。そして、水流出パイプ４の先端部は、第１流体混合器Ｍ１の導出口に基端部を接続した混合燃料流出パイプ５の先端部と接続して、この接続部に水混合燃料導入パイプ６の基端部を接続するとともに、水混合燃料導入パイプ６の先端部を第２流体混合器Ｍ２の導入口に接続している。水混合燃料導入パイプ６の中途部には、電動ポンプＰを配設している。混合燃料流出パイプ５の中途部には、第４電動流量調整弁Ｖ４を配設している。また、水混合燃料導入パイプ６の基端部には、第５電動流量調整弁Ｖ５を配設している。ここで、主・副燃料油の混合割合は、第１・第２電動流量調整弁Ｖ１,Ｖ２の開口量（開度）により調整される。また、水と混合燃料油との混合割合は、第３・第４電動流量調整弁Ｖ３,Ｖ４の開口量（開度）により調整される。 Also, the base end portion of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected to the bottom of the water tank T3 containing water. In the middle of the water outflow pipe 4, a third electric flow rate adjusting valve V3 and a third flow meter R3 are arranged in series in this order. And the front-end | tip part of the water outflow pipe 4 is connected with the front-end | tip part of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5 which connected the base end part to the outlet of the 1st fluid mixer M1, and the water mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 is connected to this connection part. , And the tip of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 is connected to the inlet of the second fluid mixer M2. An electric pump P is disposed in the middle of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6. In the middle of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5, a fourth electric flow rate adjusting valve V4 is disposed. A fifth electric flow rate adjusting valve V5 is disposed at the proximal end of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6. Here, the mixing ratio of the main / sub fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1, V2. Further, the mixing ratio of water and mixed fuel oil is adjusted by the opening amounts (openings) of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3, V4.
　電動ポンプＰは、水混合燃料導入パイプ６中の混合燃料油と水との合流流体を吸入するとともに、第２流体混合器Ｍ２に向けて吐出（圧送）して、第２流体混合器Ｍ２に合流流体が導入されるようにしている。第２流体混合器Ｍ２の導出口には、水混合燃料導出パイプ７の基端部を接続している。水混合燃料導出パイプ７の先端部は、エンジンＥの燃料室の給入口に接続している。 The electric pump P sucks the combined fluid of the mixed fuel oil and water in the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 and discharges (pressure-feeds) it toward the second fluid mixer M2 to the second fluid mixer M2. A merging fluid is introduced. The base end of the water mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2. The tip of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 is connected to the fuel inlet of the engine E.
　水混合燃料導出パイプ７における第２流体混合器Ｍ２の導出口近傍に位置する部分には、水混合燃料循環パイプ８の基端部を接続している。一方、水混合燃料導入パイプ６における電動ポンプＰの上流側に位置する部分には、水混合燃料循環パイプ８の先端部を接続している。このようにして、循環流路Ｊを形成している。水混合燃料導出パイプ７の分岐部分の下流側には、第６電動流量調整弁Ｖ６を配設している。水混合燃料循環パイプ８の中途部には、圧力調整弁Ｖ７を配設している。Ｒ５は、第６電動流量調整弁Ｖ６の下流側に位置する水混合燃料導出パイプ７の部分に配設した第５流量計である。 The base end portion of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel lead-out pipe 7 located near the outlet of the second fluid mixer M2. On the other hand, the tip of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8 is connected to a portion of the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 located on the upstream side of the electric pump P. In this way, the circulation channel J is formed. A sixth electric flow rate adjusting valve V6 is disposed downstream of the branch portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7. In the middle of the water-mixed fuel circulation pipe 8, a pressure regulating valve V7 is provided. R5 is a fifth flow meter disposed in the portion of the water-mixed fuel outlet pipe 7 located on the downstream side of the sixth electric flow control valve V6.
　第１流体混合器Ｍ１としては、主燃料油と副燃料油を均一に混合・撹拌することができるものであればよい。例えば、特許第３６２３０４４（図１～図６）に開示されている「撹拌装置」を採用することができる。この「撹拌装置」は、撹拌槽内の液中に、回転駆動源としての電動モータＭｏに連結した回転軸に取り付けられた混合回転体を配設するようにしている。混合回転体は、上下２枚の円板を一組みとして重ね合わせ、上方の円板の中央には流入口を形成するとともに、互いに対向する前面には、前方開口する筒状の小室を多数配列させて形成している。上方の円板の小室と、下方の円板の小室とは、互いの小室が対向する他の小室に連通するように位置を違えて配列している。このように構成した「撹拌装置」では、複数の異なる流体を混合・撹拌することができるようにしている。本実施形態では、複数の異なる流体として、主・副燃料油タンクＴ１,Ｔ２から供給された主・副燃料油を採用している。 The first fluid mixer M1 only needs to be capable of uniformly mixing and stirring the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil. For example, the “stirrer” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6) can be employed. In this “stirring device”, a mixing rotating body attached to a rotating shaft connected to an electric motor Mo as a rotation driving source is disposed in the liquid in the stirring tank. The mixing rotator overlaps two upper and lower disks as a set, and forms an inflow port in the center of the upper disk, and a large number of cylindrical chambers opening forward are arranged on the front surfaces facing each other. Let it form. The upper disc chamber and the lower disc chamber are arranged at different positions so that the respective chambers communicate with other opposing chambers. In the “stirring device” configured as described above, a plurality of different fluids can be mixed and stirred. In the present embodiment, main / sub fuel oils supplied from main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 are employed as a plurality of different fluids.
　第２流体混合器Ｍ２としては、導入した分散質としての水を微細化するとともに、導入した分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができるものであればよい。望ましくは、本実施形態の第２流体混合器Ｍ２のように、導入した分散質としての水の８０％以上を１μｍ以下の粒径まで微細化して微小な水粒となすとともに、導入した分散媒としての混合燃料油に均一化させることができるものであればよい。例えば、特許第３８８４０９５号（図１５～図２３）に開示されている「流体混合装置」を採用することができる。この「流体混合装置」は、駆動部を持たない静止型流体混合装置であり、ユニット内部にハニカム構造のエレメントを直列的に配置して構成している。このように構成した「流体混合装置」では、複数の異なる流体（本実施形態では水と混合燃料油）を加圧通過させてせん断力を作用させることにより、超微粒化かつ均一化混合を短時間で実現可能としている。 The second fluid mixer M2 only needs to be capable of refining the introduced dispersoid as water and making it uniform to the mixed fuel oil as the introduced dispersion medium. Desirably, as in the second fluid mixer M2 of this embodiment, 80% or more of the introduced water as a dispersoid is refined to a particle size of 1 μm or less to form fine water particles, and the introduced dispersion medium As long as it can be made uniform in the mixed fuel oil. For example, a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) can be employed. This “fluid mixing device” is a static fluid mixing device that does not have a drive unit, and is configured by arranging honeycomb structure elements in series inside a unit. In the “fluid mixing device” configured as described above, a plurality of different fluids (water and mixed fuel oil in the present embodiment) are pressurized and passed to apply a shearing force, thereby shortening the ultrafine and uniform mixing. It can be realized in time.
　上記のように構成した生成装置Ａには、図２に示すようなコントローラＣを設けている。コントローラＣは、内部バスにより相互に接続されたＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）、ＲＯＭ（Read Only Memory）、及びＲＡＭ（Random Access Memory）等を備えたコンピュータ装置である。ＣＰＵは、タイマを内蔵しており、ＲＯＭに格納された制御プログラムをＲＡＭに読み込み、この制御プログラムにしたがって、主・副燃料油や水の添加割合等の演算を実行する。 The generating device A configured as described above is provided with a controller C as shown in FIG. The controller C is a computer device that includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like that are connected to each other via an internal bus. The CPU has a built-in timer, reads a control program stored in the ROM into the RAM, and executes calculations such as addition ratios of main / sub fuel oil and water according to the control program.
　コントローラＣには、図２に示すように、操作部Ｏｐと第１～第５流量計Ｒ１～Ｒ５からの各出力情報が入力インターフェースを介して入力される。一方、コントローラＣは、これらの出力情報に基づいて制御情報を生成し、第１～第６電動流量調整弁Ｖ１～Ｖ６と、圧力調整弁Ｖ７と、第１流体混合器Ｍ１を駆動する電動モータＭｏと、電動ポンプＰと、電動三方弁Ｖｃと、に出力インターフェースを介して制御情報を出力する。 As shown in FIG. 2, output information from the operation unit Op and the first to fifth flow meters R1 to R5 is input to the controller C via an input interface. On the other hand, the controller C generates control information based on these output information and drives the first to sixth electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 to V6, the pressure adjusting valve V7, and the first fluid mixer M1. Control information is output to Mo, the electric pump P, and the electric three-way valve Vc via an output interface.
　上記のように構成した生成装置Ａでは、操作部Ｏｐを手動操作して、主燃料油と副燃料油との所望の混合重量割合を設定する。そうすることで、所望の主・副燃料油量［ｋｇ］がそれぞれ算出されて、それに適応した第１・第２電動流量調整弁Ｖ１,Ｖ２の各開口量が決定されるとともに、決定された各開口量に第１・第２電動流量調整弁Ｖ１,Ｖ２が開口動作する。そして、第１・第２電動流量調整弁Ｖ１,Ｖ２をそれぞれ通して流動する各主・副燃料油の各流量が、第１・第２流量計Ｒ１,Ｒ２によりそれぞれ検出されて、各検出情報がコントローラＣに入力される。この際、設定された主・副燃料油の所望の混合割合が得られるまでは、第１・第２電動流量調整弁Ｖ１,Ｖ２の各開口量が、フィードバック制御される。つまり、主・副燃料油の各流量が設定量となるまで制御される。そして、第１流体混合器Ｍ１により主・副燃料油が混合・撹拌されて、混合燃料油が生成される。 In the generating apparatus A configured as described above, the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixing weight ratio of the main fuel oil and the auxiliary fuel oil. By doing so, the desired main and auxiliary fuel oil amounts [kg] are respectively calculated, and the opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 adapted thereto are determined and determined. The first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are opened for each opening amount. The flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils flowing through the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2, respectively, are detected by the first and second flow meters R1 and R2, respectively. Is input to the controller C. At this time, the respective opening amounts of the first and second electric flow rate adjusting valves V1 and V2 are feedback controlled until a desired mixing ratio of the set main / sub fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of the main and auxiliary fuel oils reach the set amounts. Then, the main and auxiliary fuel oils are mixed and stirred by the first fluid mixer M1 to generate mixed fuel oil.
　続いて、操作部Ｏｐを手動操作して、水と、第１流体混合器Ｍ１により生成された混合燃料油と、の所望の混合重量割合を設定する。そうすることで、所望の水の添加量［ｋｇ］と混合燃料油量［ｋｇ］が算出されて、それに適応した第３・第４電動流量調整弁Ｖ３,Ｖ４の各開口量が決定されるとともに、決定された各開口量に第３・第４電動流量調整弁Ｖ３,Ｖ４が開口動作する。そして、第３・第４電動流量調整弁Ｖ３,Ｖ４をそれぞれ通して流動する各流体（水と混合燃料油）の各流量が第３・第４流量計Ｒ３,Ｒ４によりそれぞれ検出されて、各検出情報がコントローラＣに入力される。この際、設定された所望の水と混合燃料油との混合割合が得られるまでは、第３・第４電動流量調整弁Ｖ３,Ｖ４の各開口量が、フィードバック制御される。つまり、水と混合燃料油の各流量が設定量となるまで制御される。 Subsequently, the operation unit Op is manually operated to set a desired mixed weight ratio between water and the mixed fuel oil generated by the first fluid mixer M1. By doing so, the desired water addition amount [kg] and the mixed fuel oil amount [kg] are calculated, and the respective opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are determined. At the same time, the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are opened for each determined opening amount. The flow rates of the fluids (water and mixed fuel oil) flowing through the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are detected by the third and fourth flow meters R3 and R4, respectively. Detection information is input to the controller C. At this time, the opening amounts of the third and fourth electric flow rate adjusting valves V3 and V4 are feedback controlled until the set ratio of the desired water and the mixed fuel oil is obtained. That is, control is performed until the flow rates of water and the mixed fuel oil become the set amounts.
　所望の水の添加割合が得られるようになった混合流体は、第５電動流量調整弁Ｖ５を開口させることで、電動ポンプＰにより水混合燃料導入パイプ６を通して第２流体混合器Ｍ２内に導入される。第２流体混合器Ｍ２内では、分散質としての水が、５００ｎｍ～１μｍの平均水粒径に微細化されて、微小な水粒となるとともに、分散媒としての混合燃料油中に均一化されて水混合燃料が生成される。生成された水混合燃料は、第６電動流量調整弁Ｖ６が適度に開口されることで、エンジンＥの燃焼室に供給される。また、第６電動流量調整弁Ｖ６が閉口され、かつ、圧力調整弁Ｖ７が開口されるとともに、電動三方弁Ｖｃが流路切替動作されると、循環流路Ｊが第２流体混合器Ｍ２と連通される。この場合、水混合燃料は、循環流路Ｊ内で循環されるとともに、複数回にわたって第２流体混合器Ｍ２で混合・撹拌されて、分散質である水滴の所望の微細化が図られる。 The mixed fluid in which a desired water addition ratio is obtained is introduced into the second fluid mixer M2 through the water-mixed fuel introduction pipe 6 by the electric pump P by opening the fifth electric flow control valve V5. Is done. In the second fluid mixer M2, water as a dispersoid is refined to an average water particle size of 500 nm to 1 μm to form fine water particles, and is uniformized in the mixed fuel oil as a dispersion medium. Thus, water-mixed fuel is generated. The generated water-mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E by appropriately opening the sixth electric flow control valve V6. Further, when the sixth electric flow rate adjusting valve V6 is closed, the pressure adjusting valve V7 is opened, and the electric three-way valve Vc is switched, the circulation flow channel J is connected to the second fluid mixer M2. Communicated. In this case, the water-mixed fuel is circulated in the circulation channel J and mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2 a plurality of times, so that the desired water droplets that are dispersoids are refined.
　［他実施形態についての説明］
　他実施形態として、水に代えて廃水を適用することで廃水混合燃料を生成することもできる。すなわち、廃水混合燃料は、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置（洗浄集塵装置）において、スクラバ処理（洗浄集塵処理）後に生成される廃水を水として使用している。スクラバ装置は、図３に示す後述の廃水混合燃料生成・供給システム（以下、「生成・供給システム」と略称することもある。）Ｓに備えられている。 [Description of Other Embodiments]
As another embodiment, wastewater mixed fuel can be generated by applying wastewater instead of water. That is, the wastewater mixed fuel uses wastewater generated after scrubber treatment (cleaning dust collection processing) as water in a scrubber device (cleaning dust collection device) used for exhaust gas treatment. The scrubber device is provided in a wastewater mixed fuel generation / supply system (hereinafter also abbreviated as “generation / supply system”) S shown in FIG.
　生成・供給システムＳでは、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水Ｗｗを廃棄処理することなく、混合燃料油と混合・撹拌することで、廃水混合燃料を生成することができる。その結果、廃水Ｗｗを廃棄処理する手間や費用を削減することができるとともに、廃水Ｗｗを有効利用することができる。 In the production / supply system S, waste water mixed fuel can be produced by mixing / stirring with the mixed fuel oil without discarding the waste water Ww produced after the scrubber treatment. As a result, it is possible to reduce the labor and cost of disposing the waste water Ww, and to effectively use the waste water Ww.
　この際、スクラバ処理の溶媒として水道水を使用した場合、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水Ｗｗには、排ガス中に含まれる有機物及び無機物が混入される。そのため、生成された廃水混合燃料を燃焼させると、さらに硫酸が発生することや、廃水混合燃料の硫黄分濃度が高くなることが予測される。 At this time, when tap water is used as the solvent for the scrubber treatment, the waste water Ww generated after the scrubber treatment is mixed with organic substances and inorganic substances contained in the exhaust gas. Therefore, when the produced wastewater mixed fuel is burned, it is predicted that sulfuric acid is further generated and that the sulfur content concentration of the wastewater mixed fuel is increased.
　その場合には、廃水Ｗｗと燃料油との混合・撹拌時に硫酸を発生（脱硫）させることで、廃水混合燃料中の硫黄分濃度を低減させることができる。また、スクラバ処理の溶媒として水酸化ナトリウム水を使用することで、廃水ＷｗのｐＨ値を上昇させることが可能である。また、スクラバ処理の溶媒として石灰水を使用することで、窒素酸化物や硫黄酸化物が混入した石膏として捕集することが可能である。これらより、混合燃料油中の硫黄分濃度を０.１％以下となるように設定することで、廃水混合燃料からの硫酸の発生もしくは廃水混合燃料中の硫黄分濃度を大幅に削減することができる。 In that case, the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be reduced by generating sulfuric acid (desulfurization) when mixing and stirring the wastewater Ww and the fuel oil. Moreover, it is possible to raise the pH value of waste water Ww by using sodium hydroxide water as a solvent of a scrubber process. Further, by using lime water as a solvent for scrubber treatment, it is possible to collect gypsum mixed with nitrogen oxides or sulfur oxides. Therefore, by setting the concentration of sulfur in the mixed fuel oil to be 0.1% or less, the generation of sulfuric acid from the wastewater mixed fuel or the concentration of sulfur in the wastewater mixed fuel can be significantly reduced. it can.
　より具体的に生成・供給システムＳの構成を説明すると、生成・供給システムＳは、図３に示すように、燃焼装置としての内燃機関であるエンジンＥに設けた排気口に排気流路９の基端部を接続している。排気流路９の中途部には、電動三方調整弁Ｖｃ１を介して排ガス再循環流路Ｊｒの基端部を接続している。エンジンＥから排気流路９を通して排出された排気（排ガス）の一部は、電動三方調整弁Ｖｃ１により排ガス再循環流路Ｊｒに流入させている。一方、エンジンＥに設けた吸気口に吸気流路１０の先端部を接続している。吸気流路１０の中途部には、排ガス再循環流路Ｊｒの先端部を接続している。 The configuration of the generation / supply system S will be described more specifically. As shown in FIG. 3, the generation / supply system S includes an exhaust passage 9 in an exhaust port provided in an engine E that is an internal combustion engine as a combustion device. The base end is connected. A base end portion of the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr is connected to the middle portion of the exhaust passage 9 through an electric three-way regulating valve Vc1. A part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust passage 9 is caused to flow into the exhaust gas recirculation passage Jr by the electric three-way regulating valve Vc1. On the other hand, the front end of the intake passage 10 is connected to an intake port provided in the engine E. The front end of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is connected to the midway portion of the intake flow path 10.
　排気再循環手段Ａ１は、排気再循環流路Ｊｒと、排気再循環流路Ｊｒの中途部に設けた排気再循環ポンプＰａと、を具備している。排ガス再循環ポンプＰａを駆動させることにより、排ガス再循環流路Ｊｒを通してエンジンＥから排出された排気（排ガス）の一部は、エンジンＥに吸入させて再循環させるようにしている。 The exhaust gas recirculation means A1 includes an exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr and an exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation channel Jr. By driving the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa, a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) discharged from the engine E through the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is sucked into the engine E and recirculated.
　このように構成した生成・供給システムＳには、排気再循環システム（Exhaust Gas Recirculation：ＥＧＲ）を形成しており、排気（排ガス）の一部を吸気に戻すことで、エンジンＥの燃焼室内部の酸素濃度を低減させている。これにより燃焼温度を下げることができるため、ＮＯＸ（窒素酸化物）の生成量を抑制（低減）することができる。 The generation / supply system S configured as described above forms an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. By returning a part of the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) to the intake air, the combustion chamber inside the engine E The oxygen concentration is reduced. Thereby, since the combustion temperature can be lowered, the amount of NO x (nitrogen oxide) produced can be suppressed (reduced).
　しかも、排気再循環流路Ｊｒの中途部には、排気再循環ポンプＰａの上流側に位置させて、湿式排ガス浄化手段としてのスクラバ装置Ｓｋを設けている。スクラバ装置Ｓｋは、水等の液体を洗浄液（処理水）として、排気中の粒子（ＳＯｘや煤塵等）を洗浄液の液滴や液膜中で捕集して分離する装置である。スクラバ装置Ｓｋでは、排気再循環流路Ｊｒ内を流動する排気（排ガス）を処理水に気液接触させることで、浄化処理した浄化処理済ガスを生成して、浄化処理済ガスと吸気とを混合し、混合気体を吸気流路の下流側部を通してエンジンＥの吸気口に送気するとともに、排気（排ガス）中のダストを捕捉した処理済液を廃水Ｗｗとなしている。 In addition, a scrubber device Sk as wet exhaust gas purification means is provided in the middle of the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr, and is positioned upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation pump Pa. The scrubber device Sk is a device that collects and separates particles (SOx, dust, etc.) in the exhaust gas in a cleaning liquid droplet or liquid film using a liquid such as water as a cleaning liquid (treated water). In the scrubber device Sk, exhaust gas (exhaust gas) flowing in the exhaust gas recirculation flow path Jr is brought into gas-liquid contact with the treated water to generate a purified gas that has been purified, and the purified gas and the intake air are combined. The mixed gas is sent to the intake port of the engine E through the downstream side of the intake flow path, and the treated liquid that captures the dust in the exhaust gas (exhaust gas) is used as waste water Ww.
　スクラバ装置Ｓｋは、生成装置Ａの水タンクＴ３に代えて、生成装置Ａに接続している。すなわち、スクラバ装置Ｓｋは、廃水供給流路としての廃水流出パイプ４ａを介して混合燃料流出パイプ５の先端部と接続している。第２流体混合器Ｍ２内には、廃水流出パイプ４ａと混合燃料流出パイプ５をそれぞれ通して廃水Ｗｗと混合燃料油が供給されるようにしている。第２流体混合器Ｍ２内に供給された廃水Ｗｗと混合燃料油は、第２流体混合器Ｍ２により混合・撹拌されて、混合燃料が生成されるようにしている。生成した廃水混合燃料は、エンジンＥの燃焼室に供給されるようにしている。 The scrubber device Sk is connected to the generating device A instead of the water tank T3 of the generating device A. That is, the scrubber device Sk is connected to the tip end portion of the mixed fuel outflow pipe 5 via the wastewater outflow pipe 4a as a wastewater supply channel. In the second fluid mixer M2, waste water Ww and mixed fuel oil are supplied through a waste water outflow pipe 4a and a mixed fuel outflow pipe 5, respectively. The waste water Ww and the mixed fuel oil supplied into the second fluid mixer M2 are mixed and stirred by the second fluid mixer M2, so that a mixed fuel is generated. The generated wastewater mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E.
　廃水Ｗｗと混合する混合燃料油は、粘度の比較的小さい主燃料油と、粘度の比較的大きい副燃料油とを混合したものである。主・副燃料油の混合重量割合は、水混合燃料の場合と同様である。つまり、副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の３０％以下の重量割合となし、例えば、主燃料油としては、軽油やＡ重油やバイオ燃料を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、Ｃ重油や石炭油（具体的には、クレオソート油等）を使用することができる。 The mixed fuel oil to be mixed with the waste water Ww is a mixture of a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity. The mixing weight ratio of the main and auxiliary fuel oil is the same as in the case of water-mixed fuel. That is, the auxiliary fuel oil has a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil. For example, the main fuel oil uses light oil, A heavy oil or biofuel, while the auxiliary fuel oil uses C heavy oil. Or coal oil (specifically, creosote oil or the like) can be used.
　廃水Ｗｗの積算体積の８０％の水粒径は、第２流体混合器Ｍ２により１０μｍ以下、望ましくは、１μｍ以下となるように微細化している。より望ましくは、平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ～１μｍとなるように微細化している。混合燃料油と廃水Ｗｗの体積比は、水混合燃料の場合と同様に、７０：３０となすのが望ましい。 The water particle size of 80% of the accumulated volume of the waste water Ww is refined by the second fluid mixer M2 so as to be 10 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. More desirably, the fine particles are refined so that the average water particle size is 500 nm to 1 μm. The volume ratio of the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww is desirably 70:30, as in the case of the water mixed fuel.
　生成・供給システムＳでは、スクラバ装置Ｓｋにおいて生成された廃水Ｗｗと、燃料油供給部としての主・副燃料油タンクＴ１,Ｔ２から供給された主・副燃料油とを、第２流体混合器Ｍ２により混合・撹拌して廃水混合燃料を生成し、生成した廃水混合燃料をエンジンＥの燃焼室に供給するようにしているため、廃水Ｗｗを廃水混合燃料の一部として有効利用することができる。そのため、廃水Ｗｗを廃棄処理する廃棄処理装置を不要として、その分、システムの構築コストを低減させることができる。 In the production / supply system S, the waste water Ww produced in the scrubber device Sk and the main / sub fuel oils supplied from the main / sub fuel oil tanks T1, T2 as fuel oil supply units are second fluid mixers. Since the waste water mixed fuel is generated by mixing and stirring by M2, and the generated waste water mixed fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine E, the waste water Ww can be effectively used as a part of the waste water mixed fuel. . This eliminates the need for a waste disposal device that disposes of waste water Ww, thereby reducing the system construction cost.
　そして、粘度の比較的小さい主燃料油に、粘度の比較的大きい副燃料油を添加して混合することで、主燃料油よりも粘度が増大した混合燃料油となすことができて、この混合燃料油と、それに混合する廃水Ｗｗと、の粘度差を増大させることができる。そのため、混合燃料油と廃水Ｗｗを混合・撹拌した際には、混合燃料油が廃水Ｗｗに作用するせん断応力が増加されて、廃水Ｗｗの微細化が促進される。したがって、第２流体混合器Ｍ２により混合燃料油と廃水Ｗｗを混合・撹拌することで、ナノレベル化（水粒径が１μｍ以下）された水粒を含む廃水混合燃料を堅実に生成することができる。 Then, by adding and mixing the auxiliary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity to the main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a mixed fuel oil having a viscosity higher than that of the main fuel oil can be obtained. The difference in viscosity between the fuel oil and the waste water Ww mixed therewith can be increased. Therefore, when the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww are mixed and stirred, the shear stress that the mixed fuel oil acts on the waste water Ww is increased, and the refinement of the waste water Ww is promoted. Therefore, by mixing and stirring the mixed fuel oil and the waste water Ww by the second fluid mixer M2, it is possible to steadily generate a waste water mixed fuel containing water particles that have been nano-leveled (water particle size is 1 μm or less). it can.
　しかも、廃水Ｗｗを、その積算体積の８０％の水粒径が１μｍ以下となるように微細化することで、ＮＯｘ濃度が低減されるとともに、燃費が改善される。 Moreover, by reducing the waste water Ww so that the water particle size of 80% of the accumulated volume is 1 μm or less, the NOx concentration is reduced and the fuel efficiency is improved.
　さらには、廃水Ｗｗを、その平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ～１μｍとなるように微細化することで、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率と燃費の改善を良好に実現することができる。ここで、平均水粒径が１μｍ以下においては、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率が悪化する一方、燃費は向上する。つまり、ＮＯｘ濃度の低減率と燃費は、トレードオフの関係にあると言えるが、平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ以上においては、ＮＯｘ濃度の適度な低減率と燃費の改善を実現することができる。また、混合燃料油と廃水Ｗｗの体積比は、７０：３０となすことで、燃費を大幅に改善することができる。 Furthermore, by reducing the waste water Ww so that the average water particle size becomes 500 nm to 1 μm, the reduction rate of NOx concentration and the improvement of fuel consumption can be realized well. Here, when the average water particle size is 1 μm or less, the reduction rate of the NOx concentration is deteriorated, while the fuel efficiency is improved. That is, it can be said that the NOx concentration reduction rate and the fuel consumption are in a trade-off relationship, but when the average water particle size is 500 nm or more, an appropriate reduction rate of NOx concentration and an improvement in fuel consumption can be realized. Moreover, fuel consumption can be improved significantly by the volume ratio of mixed fuel oil and waste water Ww being set to 70:30.
　水混合燃料は，式（１）に示すように，水性ガス反応と呼ばれる吸熱反応を伴い、水のミクロ爆発から燃焼温度を低下できる。さらに、燃料と空気の接触面積が飛躍的に増加することから、式（２）および式（３）に示すように、燃焼性が改善され全体の熱量が増加し、水添加による燃焼性が改善されるものである。これらは、拡散燃焼もしくは蒸発燃焼の燃焼形態が、水の効果を左右させるものと推測される。 As shown in Equation (1), the water-mixed fuel is accompanied by an endothermic reaction called a water gas reaction, and the combustion temperature can be lowered from a micro explosion of water. Furthermore, since the contact area between the fuel and air increases dramatically, as shown in equations (2) and (3), the combustibility is improved and the overall heat quantity is increased, and the combustibility by adding water is improved. It is what is done. It is presumed that the combustion mode of diffusion combustion or evaporative combustion determines the effect of water.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
 　次に、本実施形態に係る生成装置Ａにより水混合燃料を生成する実験を行った結果と、その実験結果の考察を述べる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
 Next, a result of an experiment for generating water-mixed fuel by the generating device A according to the present embodiment and a discussion of the experimental result will be described.
　［実験装置］
　（１）第１流体混合器Ｍ１
　第１流体混合器Ｍ１としては、特許第３６２３０４４（図１～図６）に開示されている「撹拌装置」である（株）ナノクス製の「ラモンドスターラー」（商品名）を採用した。 [Experimental device]
(1) First fluid mixer M1
As the first fluid mixer M1, “Ramond Stirrer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is the “stirring device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3623044 (FIGS. 1 to 6), was adopted.
　（２）第２流体混合器Ｍ２
　第２流体混合器Ｍ２としては、特許第３８８４０９５号（図１５～図２３）に開示されている「流体混合装置」である（株）ナノクス製の「ラモンドナノミキサー」（商品名）を採用した。この「ラモンドナノミキサー」は、均一混合が難しいとされる高粘度液・異相分散系で、より力を発揮できるものである。 (2) Second fluid mixer M2
As the second fluid mixer M2, “Ramond Nanomixer” (trade name) manufactured by Nanocus Co., Ltd., which is a “fluid mixing device” disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3884095 (FIGS. 15 to 23) is adopted. did. This “Ramond nanomixer” is a high-viscosity liquid / heterophasic dispersion system in which uniform mixing is difficult, and can exert more power.
　（３）排ガス分析器
　排ガスの分析は、テスト製testo 350を用いた。計測は、ＮＯ、ＮＯ２、ＳＯ２、ＣＯ(ppmv)、ＣＯ２、Ｏ２（%）である。排ガスの一部（約０.９L/min）を吸引させた。 (3) Exhaust gas analyzer For the analysis of exhaust gas, testo 350 made by test was used. The measurement is NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO (ppmv), CO 2 , O 2 (%). A part of the exhaust gas (approximately 0.9 L / min) was sucked.
　（４）ディーゼルエンジン
　エンジンの諸元を図４に一覧表にして示す。クボタ製EA14-NBを用いた。EA14-NBは、直接噴射式1気筒４サイクルディーゼルエンジンであり，ボアが９４mm，ストローク９０mm、すなわち、６２４cc，定格出力が２６００rpm時に１１.５PSである。 (4) Diesel engine The engine specifications are listed in FIG. Kubota EA14-NB was used. EA14-NB is a direct-injection one-cylinder four-cycle diesel engine with a bore of 94 mm, a stroke of 90 mm, that is, 624 cc, and a rated output of 11.5 PS at 2600 rpm.
　［実験方法］
　界面活性剤（乳化剤）を用いない生成装置Ａによる生成手法は、Ａ重油とＣ重油を第１流体混合器Ｍ１により混合して混合燃料となし、その後に、混合燃料に水（水道水）を第２流体混合器Ｍ２により混合して生成した。エンジン負荷は２５％、５０％、７５％の３パターンで，回転数は２６００回転で固定とした。 [experimental method]
The production method by the production apparatus A that does not use a surfactant (emulsifier) is to mix A heavy oil and C heavy oil by the first fluid mixer M1 to make a mixed fuel, and then add water (tap water) to the mixed fuel. It was produced by mixing with the second fluid mixer M2. The engine load was 3 patterns of 25%, 50% and 75%, and the rotation speed was fixed at 2600 rpm.
　［燃料の性状］
　燃料の性状について、図５に一覧表にして示す。動粘度は、Ａ重油が約２.５８７mm2/sに対し、Ｃ重油は約１５４mm2/sと非常に高いことが分かる。Ａ重油６６.５％に対しＣ重油を３.５％、すなわち、重油燃料比５％混合、すなわち、動粘度が約１０.２mm2/s（５０℃）と推測できる。さらに、水が混合することで、粘度が約２０mm2/s（５０℃）まで上昇することが考えられるが、Ａ重油専用、すなわち、ボア１８０mm以下のディーゼル機関に対応できるものと考えられる。 [Fuel properties]
The properties of the fuel are listed in FIG. Kinematic viscosity, to fuel oil A of about 2.587mm 2 / s, C heavy oil, it is seen very high and about 154 mm 2 / s. It can be estimated that C heavy oil is 3.5% with respect to 66.5% of A heavy oil, that is, 5% of heavy oil fuel ratio is mixed, that is, kinematic viscosity is about 10.2 mm 2 / s (50 ° C.). Furthermore, it is considered that the viscosity increases to about 20 mm 2 / s (50 ° C.) by mixing water, but it is considered that it can be used only for A heavy oil, that is, a diesel engine having a bore of 180 mm or less.
　［実験結果および考察］
　図６に、水混合燃料の顕微鏡撮影結果を示す。a)は、界面活性剤２％混入させたＡ重油エマルジョン燃料、また、b)は、界面活性剤を不要としたＣ重油水混合燃料、また、c)は、Ｃ重油を添加したＡ重油水混合燃料である。 [Experimental results and discussion]
FIG. 6 shows the microscopic results of the water-mixed fuel. a) is A heavy oil emulsion fuel mixed with 2% surfactant, b) C heavy oil / water mixed fuel which does not require surfactant, and c) A heavy oil water with C heavy oil added. It is a mixed fuel.
　平均水粒径は、a)が２μm，b)が１００nm，c)が１μmである。a)とc)を比べると、Ｃ重油を添加することで水粒径が安定したと言える。これは、b)でみられるように、水と重油の粘度差が混合性に大きく関係していると予測されることから、Ｃ重油の添加により粘度が上昇したことで、界面活性剤が不要となったと言える。 The average water particle size is 2 μm for a), 100 nm for b), and 1 μm for c). Comparing a) and c), it can be said that the water particle size was stabilized by adding C heavy oil. This is because the difference in viscosity between water and heavy oil is expected to be greatly related to the mixing property, as seen in b). It can be said that it became.
　［エンジンの基本性能］
　実験結果を図７に示す。a)は、Ａ重油の実験結果、また、b)は、Ｃ重油の実験結果である。 [Basic engine performance]
The experimental results are shown in FIG. a) is the experimental result of A heavy oil, and b) is the experimental result of C heavy oil.
　Ａ重油は、ＮＯＸ濃度が５.８～６.７２g/kWhと多少の増減が確認でき、ＣＯ、ＣＯ２およびＳＯ２濃度が負荷の増加で減少する傾向にあった。２０００rpm以上のディーゼルエンジンはＩＭＯ２次規制の排出量が７.７g/kWh以下であることからＩＭＯ２次規制に対応したエンジンと言える。次に、Ｃ重油は、ＮＯＸ濃度が４.９８～５.７５g/kWhとＡ重油に比べて低い値となった。また、難燃油であることから、ＣＯ、ＣＯ２濃度が非常に多く、さらに硫黄分濃度がＡ重油に比べ約３倍となったことから、濃度も２倍～３倍増加した。これは、燃料油中の硫黄分の一部がＰＭ（particulate matter）になることが要因である。 The heavy oil A showed a slight increase or decrease in the NO X concentration of 5.8 to 6.72 g / kWh, and the CO, CO 2 and SO 2 concentrations tended to decrease with increasing load. A diesel engine of 2000 rpm or higher can be said to be an engine that complies with the IMO secondary regulation because the emission amount of the IMO secondary regulation is 7.7 g / kWh or less. Then, C heavy oil, NO X concentration becomes a value lower than the 4.98 ~ 5.75 g / kWh and A heavy oil. In addition, since it is a flame retardant oil, the concentration of CO and CO 2 was very high, and the concentration of sulfur was about 3 times that of heavy fuel oil A, so the concentration also increased 2 to 3 times. This is because part of the sulfur content in the fuel oil becomes PM (particulate matter).
　図８に燃費の一覧表を示す。燃料消費量は、次の通りであった。Ａ重油は、負荷２５％の場合が０.９５０kg/h、すなわち、４４９．２g/kWh、負荷５０％の場合が１.２９０kg/h、すなわち、３０５.１g/kWh、負荷７５％の場合が１.８０９kg/h、すなわち、２８５．２g/kWhであった。Ｃ重油は、負荷２５％の場合が１.２２４kg/h、すなわち、５７９.１g/kWh、負荷５０％の場合が１.６２２kg/h、すなわち、３８３.４g/kWh、負荷７５％の場合が２.２５０kg/h、すなわち、３５４.７g/kWhであった。 Fig. 8 shows a list of fuel consumption. The fuel consumption was as follows. Heavy oil A is 0.950 kg / h when the load is 25%, that is, 449.2 g / kWh, 1.290 kg / h when the load is 50%, that is, 305.1 g / kWh, and the load is 75%. It was 1.809 kg / h, that is, 285.2 g / kWh. C heavy oil is 1.224kg / h at 25% load, ie 579.1g / kWh, 1.622kg / h at 50% load, ie 383.4g / kWh, 75% load. It was 2.250 kg / h, that is, 354.7 g / kWh.
　［水混合燃料の実験結果］
　Ａ重油６６.５％、Ｃ重油３.５％、水３０％の水混合燃料の実験結果を、図９に示す。この燃料を混合油水混合燃料と呼ぶこととする。ＮＯＸにおいて、負荷２５％では、約４０％の低減であったものの、負荷が増加することで６０％以上の低減が見られた。ＳＯ２が４０％程度増加しているが、Ｃ重油添加による影響であり、さらに、ＣＯ２濃度が顕著に増加している。これらから、水添加による排出がなされていることが言える。 [Experimental results of water-mixed fuel]
FIG. 9 shows the experimental results of a water-mixed fuel of 66.5% A heavy oil, 3.5% C heavy oil, and 30% water. This fuel is called a mixed oil / water mixed fuel. In NO X , when the load was 25%, the reduction was about 40%, but as the load increased, a reduction of 60% or more was observed. Although SO 2 has increased by about 40%, it is due to the addition of C heavy oil, and the CO 2 concentration has increased significantly. From these, it can be said that discharge by water addition is made.
　図１０に燃料消費量を一覧表にして示す。図８と比べると、混合油水混合燃料は、１０％以上燃費が改善できている。また、低負荷時においても燃費改善が見られ、水粒径が小さくなったことが大きな要因であると言える。 Fig. 10 shows a list of fuel consumption. Compared with FIG. 8, the mixed oil / water mixed fuel can improve the fuel efficiency by 10% or more. In addition, it can be said that the fuel consumption is improved even at low load, and that the water particle size is reduced.
　［考察］
　Ａ重油にＣ重油を５％添加することで粘度が向上し、界面活性剤（乳化剤）を不要とした燃料が開発できた。しかしながら、硫黄分濃度が増加し、ＳＯ２の増加が懸念される。この点、石炭油は、硫黄分濃度が０.５％と低く、Ｃ重油と同様に非常に粘度が高いことから、石炭油の活用が期待できる。 [Discussion]
By adding 5% C heavy oil to A heavy oil, the viscosity was improved, and a fuel that did not require a surfactant (emulsifier) could be developed. However, there is a concern that the sulfur concentration increases and SO 2 increases. In this respect, coal oil has a low sulfur content concentration of 0.5% and has a very high viscosity like C heavy oil, so that utilization of coal oil can be expected.
　［結言］
　本実験は、以下の実験成果を得た。
１.Ａ重油にＣ重油を５％添加することで粘度が向上し、界面活性剤を不要とした燃料が開発できた。
２.混合油水混合燃料は約７０％低減されており、ＩＭＯ３次規制レベルまで排ガス低減でき、さらに燃費が約１０％程度低減できた。 [Conclusion]
In this experiment, the following experimental results were obtained.
1. By adding 5% C heavy oil to A heavy oil, the viscosity was improved and a fuel that did not require a surfactant could be developed.
2. The mixed oil / water mixed fuel was reduced by about 70%, and the exhaust gas was reduced to the IMO tertiary regulation level, and the fuel consumption was reduced by about 10%.
　Ａ　生成装置
　Ｍ１　第１流体混合器
　Ｍ２　第２流体混合器
　１　主燃料油流出パイプ
　２　副燃料油流出パイプ
　３　混合燃料導入パイプ
　４　水流出パイプ
　５　混合燃料流出パイプ
　６　水混合燃料導入パイプ
　７　水混合燃料導出パイプ
　８　水混合燃料循環パイプ A generator M1 first fluid mixer M2 second fluid mixer 1 main fuel oil outflow pipe 2 sub fuel oil outflow pipe 3 mixed fuel introduction pipe 4 water outflow pipe 5 mixed fuel outflow pipe 6 water mixed fuel introduction pipe 7 water mixing Fuel outlet pipe 8 Water-mixed fuel circulation pipe

Claims (8)

  1. 　粘度の比較的低い主燃料油と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油とを混合することで混合燃料油となし、
    　この混合燃料油と水を混合して、乳化剤を用いることなく生成したことを特徴とする水混合燃料。     A mixed fuel oil is obtained by mixing a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity and a secondary fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity.
    A water-mixed fuel produced by mixing the mixed fuel oil and water without using an emulsifier.
  2. 　副燃料油は、主燃料油の重量の３０％以下の重量割合となしたことを特徴とする請求項１記載の水混合燃料。 2. The water-mixed fuel according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary fuel oil has a weight ratio of 30% or less of the weight of the main fuel oil.
  3. 　主燃料油としては、軽油やＡ重油を使用する一方、副燃料油としては、Ｃ重油や石炭油を使用することを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein light oil or A heavy oil is used as the main fuel oil, while C heavy oil or coal oil is used as the auxiliary fuel oil.
  4. 　水は、その積算体積の８０％の水粒径が１μｍ以下となるように微細化したことを特徴とする請求項１～３のいずれか1項記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water is refined so that a water particle size of 80% of its accumulated volume is 1 µm or less.
  5. 　水は、その平均水粒径が５００ｎｍ～１μｍとなるように微細化したことを特徴とする請求項１～４のいずれか１項記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water is refined to have an average water particle size of 500 nm to 1 µm.
  6. 　混合燃料油と水の重量比は、７０：３０となしたことを特徴とする請求項１～５のいずれか１項記載の水混合燃料。 The water-mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed fuel oil to water is 70:30.
  7. 　水としては、排ガス処理に使用するスクラバ装置において、スクラバ処理後に生成される廃水を使用したことを特徴とする請求項１～６のいずれか１項記載の廃水混合燃料。 The wastewater mixed fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that wastewater generated after scrubber treatment is used in a scrubber device used for exhaust gas treatment.
  8. 　粘度の比較的低い主燃料油を供給する主燃料供給部と、粘度の比較的高い副燃料油を供給する副燃料供給部と、主燃料油と副燃料油を一定の割合で混合して混合燃料油となす第１流体混合部と、添加水を供給する添加水供給部と、混合燃料油と添加水を一定の割合で混合して水混合燃料となす第２流体混合部と、を具備していることを特徴とする水混合燃料生成装置。 A main fuel supply unit that supplies a main fuel oil having a relatively low viscosity, a sub fuel supply unit that supplies a sub fuel oil having a relatively high viscosity, and a main fuel oil and a sub fuel oil are mixed and mixed at a certain ratio. A first fluid mixing unit configured as fuel oil, an added water supply unit configured to supply additional water, and a second fluid mixing unit configured to mix the mixed fuel oil and the additional water at a certain ratio to form water mixed fuel. A water-mixed fuel generating device characterized by comprising:
PCT/JP2015/080260 2014-10-27 2015-10-27 Water-mixed fuel and water-mixed fuel generation device WO2016068136A1 (en)

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JP2014-218371 2014-10-27
JP2014218371A JP2017222730A (en) 2014-10-27 2014-10-27 Water blended fuel and apparatus for generating water blended fuel

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JP2017197683A (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 敦好 ▲高▼山 Emulsion fuel, method for producing the same and production device therefor

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JPS5134905A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-03-25 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd YUCHUSUITE KIGATAJUSHITSUYUE MARUJONNENRYO
JPS51119003A (en) * 1975-03-31 1976-10-19 Takuma Co Ltd A method for emulsifying low-nox fuels
JPS52142705A (en) * 1976-05-25 1977-11-28 Mitsubishi Oil Co Ltd Emulsified fuels of water-ib-oil type
JPS5763119A (en) * 1980-10-01 1982-04-16 Mitsuhisa Matsuoka Method for forming milky liquid
JP2008081740A (en) * 2006-09-01 2008-04-10 Sg Engineering Kk Method for producing emulsion fuel by mixing water and combustible oil in fine particle state, device for producing emulsion fuel and emulsion fuel
JP2009079071A (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-16 Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corp System and method for manufacturing emulsion fuel
JP2011148866A (en) * 2010-01-19 2011-08-04 Nanomizer Pte Ltd Emulsion fuel and method for producing the same

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JPS5134905A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-03-25 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd YUCHUSUITE KIGATAJUSHITSUYUE MARUJONNENRYO
JPS51119003A (en) * 1975-03-31 1976-10-19 Takuma Co Ltd A method for emulsifying low-nox fuels
JPS52142705A (en) * 1976-05-25 1977-11-28 Mitsubishi Oil Co Ltd Emulsified fuels of water-ib-oil type
JPS5763119A (en) * 1980-10-01 1982-04-16 Mitsuhisa Matsuoka Method for forming milky liquid
JP2008081740A (en) * 2006-09-01 2008-04-10 Sg Engineering Kk Method for producing emulsion fuel by mixing water and combustible oil in fine particle state, device for producing emulsion fuel and emulsion fuel
JP2009079071A (en) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-16 Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corp System and method for manufacturing emulsion fuel
JP2011148866A (en) * 2010-01-19 2011-08-04 Nanomizer Pte Ltd Emulsion fuel and method for producing the same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017197683A (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 敦好 ▲高▼山 Emulsion fuel, method for producing the same and production device therefor

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