JPWO2009075317A1 - Method for producing emulsified fuel using oil-containing water - Google Patents

Abstract

(1) A step of sufficiently mixing “oil-containing water” formed by dissolving a combustible fuel in water at a rate of 0.02 to 30% w / w and an emulsifier at a rate of 0.01 to 3% w / w. (2) a step of premixing with a conventional heavy oil of 60 to 95% w / w or a conventional diesel oil of 75 to 98% w / w, and (3) a step of further mixing and emulsifying the whole, A method for producing an emulsified fuel using “oil-containing water” is provided, in which an emulsified heavy oil (abbreviated as OWEH) added with oil or an emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED) added with oil-containing water is provided.

Description

  The present invention relates to a production method for producing an emulsified fuel using “oil-containing water”, and prepares “oil-containing water” by dissolving 0.02 to 30% w / w of combustible fuel in water. Further, after thoroughly mixing the “oil-containing water” with an emulsifier in a proportion of 0.01 to 3% w / w, further 60 to 95% w / w of conventional heavy oil or 75 to 98% w / w After pre-mixing with conventional diesel oil, it is further mixed and emulsified to produce “emulsified heavy oil with oil-impregnated water (abbreviated OWEH)” or “emulsified diesel oil with oil-impregnated water (abbreviated OWED)”. It can be used in boilers and diesel engines to achieve significant energy savings by greatly improving combustion efficiency and reducing air pollutant emissions.

  Conventional diesel oil or heavy oil has poor atomization in the combustion process, so the mixed gas is uneven or the local concentration is too high, causing thermal decomposition and producing many carbon particles, especially under oxygen-deficient conditions In this way, incomplete combustion is caused and a large amount of black smoke is ejected, causing serious drawbacks of environmental pollution and increased fuel consumption. Therefore, emulsified fuel containing emulsified diesel oil or emulsified heavy oil is produced and put on the market. In comparison, when an emulsified fuel using emulsified diesel oil or emulsified heavy oil burns, water gas reaction occurs due to the presence of water vapor, that is, droplets in the emulsified fuel are micro-explosion during combustion. The action can clearly improve the atomization of diesel or heavy oil, exploding the originally relatively large oil droplets, improving the combustion efficiency, and in addition, many oil droplets are microscopic in the combustion chamber. Explode and scatter, can improve turbulence levels, advantageously further improve combustion efficiency and reduce fuel consumption, burn out carbon particles generated by incomplete combustion by oxidation, Effectively suppresses exhaust from raising black smoke and reduces exhaust emissions, thereby saving energy and increasing relative environmental protection It is possible to achieve the effect of. However, the currently known method for producing emulsified fuel is to add an emulsifier to a certain proportion of water (which may be clean groundwater or tap water), and directly mix and agitate with heavy oil (fuel oil) or diesel oil. It only produces "type emulsified fuel", which is commonly referred to as emulsified heavy oil (WEH) or emulsified diesel oil (WED). However, the well-known “water-in-oil emulsified fuel” has low stability, so water and oil can be easily separated, and the price of the emulsifier used is high, and the energy saving effect is not clear. There are very few examples.

  The present invention is directed to overcoming the disadvantages present in the well-known “water-in-oil emulsified fuels” (ie, commonly referred to as emulsified heavy oil (WEH) or emulsified diesel oil (WED)). In the process of research and development of new emulsified fuels, we need to process oil-impregnated industrial wastewater using conventional wastewater treatment procedures in the same way as we proceed with research on the treatment or application of oil-impregnated industrial wastewater. An invention concept has emerged as to why the economic efficiency is extremely low and how to recover and use it well. Furthermore, it is known that when high-concentration oil-containing industrial wastewater is treated by a general conventional method, problems such as excessive treatment costs, poor treatment efficiency, and secondary contamination can always occur. There is also a method of treating high-concentration oil-impregnated industrial wastewater by the liquid jet incineration method, and this treatment method has the advantage of high treatment efficiency, but the cost of the auxiliary fuel required is high, and therefore economical in terms of cost. Have no practical value. Therefore, the present inventor gradually gained a new idea and idea of "why do not process this and use it" in many experimental processes and experiences for research and development aimed at improvement, thereby Thus, the present invention combines the two inventive concepts of improving the disadvantages of the well-known emulsified fuel oil and utilizing oil-containing industrial wastewater.

  In the present invention, since it is necessary for the above-mentioned research problem and experiment verification, a lot of research literature materials of specialists of each scholar were also studied. The following conclusions were reached by combining the known contents of these documents.

  (1) Emulsified oil can improve diesel engine combustion efficiency, reduce NO, THC and PM emissions, and there is no obvious increase in fuel consumption (Samec, N .; Kegl, B ; Dibble, RW Numerical and Experimental Study of Water / Oil Emulsified Fuel Combustion in a Diesel Engine, Fuel 2002, 81, 2035-2044 and Armas, O.; Ballesteros, R .; Martos, FJ; Agudelo, JR Characterization of Light Duty Diesel Engine Pollutant Emissions Using Water-Emulsified Fuel. Fuel 2005, 84, 1011-1018).

  (2) Emulsified diesel oil can reduce heat flux, heat load and diesel engine crankshaft wear (Sii, HS; Masjuki, H; Zaki, AM. Dynamometer Evaluation and Engine Wear Characteristics of Palm Oil Diesel) Emulsion. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1995, 72, 1565-1582 and Selim, MYE; Elfeky, SMS Effects of Diesel / Water Emulsion on Heat Flow and Thermal Loading in a Pre-combustion Chamber Diesel Engine, Applied Thermal Engineering 2001, 21, 1565-1582).

  (3) Engine torque, power, and thermal efficiency increase as the amount of added water increases, but the exhaust temperature discharged by the engine decreases conversely (Abu-Zaid, M. Performance of Single Cylinder, Direct Injection) Diesel Engine Using Water Fuel Emulsions, Energy Conversion and Management 2004, 45, 697-705).

(4) Rapeseed biodiesel oil and C.I. emulsified oil prepared in vulgaris slurry (slurry of C.vulgaris) is capable of reducing the emission of NO _X, CO emissions and fuel consumption is increased (Scragg, AH; Morrison, J .; Shales, SW The Use of a Fuel Containing Chlorella Vulgris in a Diesel Engine, Enzyme and Microbial Technology 2003, 33, 884-889).

(5) Conversely, emulsified oil with oxidizer diglyme increases NO _X emissions and combustion efficiency, but decreases fuel consumption, fuel consumption rate, smoke level and CO emissions (Lin, CY; Wang, KH Effects of a Combustion Improver on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics When Using Three-Phase Emulsion as an alternative Fuel. Energy and Fuels 2004, 18, 477-484).

  (6) Addition of oxidizing agent to emulsified diesel oil increases the activity and stability of the emulsified oil (Lin, CY; Wang, KH Effects of an Oxygenated Additive on the Emulsification Characteristics of Two- and Three-Phase Diesel Emulsion, Fuel 2003, 83, 507-515).

(7) When a linear oxide is added, PM emission is reduced more easily than when a cyclic oxide is added. When Furthermore, adding an oxidizing agent, and the content of oxygen atoms is increased to increase the combustion temperature, increases the excretion of _{NO X (Song, J .; Zello} , V .; oehman, AL; Waller, F. Comparision of the Impact of Intake Oxygen Enrichment and Fuel Oxygenation on Diesel Combustion and Emission, Energy and Fuels 2004, 18, 1282-1290).

(8) In a flame using propylbenzene as a fuel, in a flame having a high air ratio, a fuel laminar flow surrounds the recirculation zone and burns at a relatively low temperature, and excess air before and around the combustion is diluted, Therefore the discharge of the NO _X is relatively low (Takagi, T .; Ogasaware, M .; Yoshimoto, T. Characteristics of Combustion and NOx Formation in Large Turbulent-Diffusion Flames in Furnace, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1979, 101, 96-96) .

(9) an excess discharge of the NO _X when the particle size of the oil droplets is increased is increased under air, staged combustion can be reduced emissions _{NO X (England, GC; Heap} , MP; Pershing, DW Control of NOx Emissions, hydrocarbon Processing 1980, 60, 167-171).

(10) Baltaser by studies discharge of the NO _X is reduced with an increase in dose rate of high exhaust, stability of the entire flame, combustion efficiency, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon compounds incomplete combustion (Baltasar, J .; Carvalho, MG; Coelho, P .; Costa, M. Fuel Gas Recirculation in a Gas Fired laboratory Furnace: Measurements and modeling. Fuel 1997, 76, 919- 929).

  (11) Chung et al. (1990) showed that when W / O and O / W were most stable, they were HLB 5.5 and HLB 13.7, respectively. Usually, when the emulsified oil is observed with an electron microscope after applying ultrasonic vibration, the volume change in the oil inside the oil after heating is very remarkable. For light oils such as octane, water-in-oil type and oil-in-water type oils with a smaller phase volume evaporate faster, and heavy oils such as cetane, diesel oil and heavy oil are micro-explosion phenomenon. Is relatively easy to cause. However, if the water becomes very fine and mixes uniformly with the oil and the fuel is in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, these waters not only have an adverse effect on combustion, but also advantageously black. Smoke disappears and incomplete combustion is reduced. Therefore, fuel consumption is saved (Chung, SH and Kim, JS An Experiment on Vaporization and Microexplosion of Emulsion fuel droplets on a Hot Surface, Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion / The Combustion Institute 1990, 1431-1435 ).

(12) In the research of Ishigemasa (2003), when water is added to conventional heavy oil or waste oil, the thermal effect becomes worse, mainly because the oil raw material that can generate heat by combustion is replaced by water. And water has been shown to absorb heat. The temperature of the furnace top gas after combustion must be determined after comparing the micro-explosion effect generated after adding water with the calorific value lost by adding water. When the micro-explosion effect is good, combustion can be made better, and furthermore, the situation of a decrease in the amount of heat generated due to the small amount of water added can be compensated. When a large amount of water is added, even if a micro explosion effect occurs, there is a possibility that the situation where the calorific value is low cannot be compensated. In the prevention and elimination of pollution, the addition of water certainly has the effect of reducing NO _x production, and there are mainly two causes. One is that the temperature is lower after adding water and the production of thermal NO is reduced, and the other is by adding water to dilute the original nitrogen content of the fuel oil. generation of the fuel NO _X is to reduce. However, this is effective only when the amount of water added reaches a certain amount (about 10%). Otherwise, the amount of NO _x produced increases, and the microexplosion effect increases. local areas may become warm and may thus further enhance the production of thermal nO _X. For SO _X , adding water to conventional heavy oil or waste oil has the effect of reducing SO _X emissions, mainly because the added water dilutes the original sulfur content in the fuel oil. This is clearly known (Masashi Ishiiku, “Application of Fuel Additives to Combustion and Analysis of Droplet-Liquid Collision”, Master's thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 2003).

  Further, according to the Republic of China Patent Gazette, there are a total of 6 patents related to the reduction of contamination of emulsified diesel oil and emulsified heavy oil boiler, which will be briefly described below.

  (1) Republic of China patent application number 090123561 filed by Kevin Brown in 2001 “Method for reducing the content of pollutants in diesel engine exhaust” describes the content of pollutants in exhaust from diesel engines. It is a method for reducing, and includes the following contents. (1) Operate the diesel engine using water-diesel oil emulsion as fuel. (2) The exhaust from the diesel engine is brought into contact with a fine particle filter. Wherein the water-diesel fuel emulsion contains 50% to 98% by weight diesel oil fuel, 1% to 50% by weight water, and 0.05 to 20% by weight emulsifier, (I) a product soluble in at least one fuel produced by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent substituted with at least one alkyl group with ammonia or an amine, wherein the alkyl group substitution of the acylating agent The group having 50 to 500 carbon atoms, (ii) at least one ionic or nonionic compound having an HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) of 1 to 40, (iii) (i) and (ii) ), (Iv) an amine salt, ammonium salt, azide, nitrate ester, nitramine, nitro compound, alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt A water-soluble compound, and a combination product of (i), (ii) or (iii), (v) a reaction product of a polybasic acid polymer and a product soluble in at least one fuel comprising the fuel A product prepared by reacting a carboxylic acylating agent substituted with at least one alkyl group with ammonia, an amine or a polyamine, (vi) a mixture of (ii) and (v), The water-diesel oil fuel composition comprises one dispersion layer, which is composed of aqueous droplets having an average diameter of 1 μm or less.

  (2) China Patent Application No. 73104278A01 “Method for producing fuel oil containing air pollution inhibitor” filed by Changho Enterprise Co., Ltd. in 1984 and 1988 The manufacturing method includes the following steps. (1) First, a preparation and blending operation is performed. (A) 0.25 pounds of potassium chlorate powdered, made into 0.25 liter aqueous solution with distilled water, soaked for 24 hours and filtered; (b) 0.25 pounds of camphor powder 0.45 liters of diesel oil (C) 0.065 liter of m-cresol is added with 0.465 liter of diesel oil and dissolved to 0.5 liter The m-cresol oil mixture is used. (2) Next, preparation work is performed. (D) 0.055 liters of an emulsifier (nonionic surfactant with HBL value 3-8) is mixed with 0.045 liters of methanol uniformly. (E) 0.05 liters of hydrogen peroxide and 0. 25 lbs. Is powdered, made into a 0.25 liter aqueous solution with distilled water, soaked for 24 hours and filtered, and uniformly mixed with a potassium chlorate solution formed by (f) (b) The mixture of 0.5 liters of camphor powder oil prepared and blended in step (b) and the 0.5 liter of m-cresol oil blend prepared and blended in (c) of the preparation blending operation are also uniformly mixed. (3) Further, after mixing the products of the steps (d) and (e), 0.002 liter of the mixture was taken out, 0.998 liter of soft water was added and mixed, and then 20% (volume ratio) of the mixture 80% (volume ratio) of raw heavy oil (divided into three types, A, B, and C), mixed and stirred, and further mixed with 0.1% (volume ratio) camphor powder oil mixture 0.5 Add 0.5 liters of a mixed solution of liters and m-cresol oil, and finally mix and stir the mixed final product obtained above with a stirrer for 4 minutes to prepare a mixed fuel oil containing an air pollution inhibitor. Can be prepared.

  (3) The Chinese patent application No. 9114811 “Exhaust treatment device” filed by Chen Shun-ji in 2002 is an exhaust treatment device and includes the following contents. Exhaust gas flows into the packed washing tower from the intake pipe, and an ultrasonic two-phase flow spray humidifier provided in the intake pipe is used to generate a fine water mist. Furthermore, an ultrasonic resonance amplifier is provided, and the intermediate water mist directly collides with the ultrasonic resonance amplifier to generate the fine water mist, and the contaminant in the exhaust is adsorbed by the fine mist water, thereby Air pollution is reduced.

(4) The Chinese patent application number 88100400 “Method and apparatus for controlling the decomposition and oxidation of gaseous pollutants” filed by Robert R. Molly in 1999 controls the decomposition and oxidation of gaseous pollutants. A method and apparatus for performing,
A thermal reactor including a central chamber and a heating member, wherein one of the inlet end and the outlet end of the chamber is a side inlet that communicates with an external air space separated by an outer wall and the heating member, An internal air space communicating with an external air space, the internal air space being separated from the heating member by an inner wall, and further in the inner wall, for introducing air from the inner air space into the central chamber A thermal reactor comprising a plurality of orifices;
At least one inlet for introducing the gas stream into the reactor, comprising a conduit, the conduit terminating at a portion located within the reactor, and the portion of the conduit connecting the conduit termination; Located in a tube extending beyond, defining a chamber in the tube, the tube having an open end leading to the interior of the reactor, the conduit further introducing other gases into the conduit An inlet having a second inlet;
An annular chamber located at the outlet end of the reaction chamber, having an upper opening end and forcibly introducing liquid into the annular chamber to form a vortex from the upper opening end to the gas in the central chamber An annular chamber that flows into and out of the flow;
A packed bed in which the upward flow of the stream opposes liquid flowing downward through the packed bed;
An air inlet that causes air to flow in the upper portion of the bed to promote coagulation and growth of particulates in the bed;
A scrubber for removing chemical contaminants in a gas stream comprising an inlet for introducing the gas into a scrubbing chamber, wherein the scrubbing chamber has a coated filler in at least two vertical separation beds. A washer, wherein the coating is for blocking or reacting with the contaminant;
A monitoring and measuring facility for monitoring and measuring the amount of the contaminants removed from the gas stream by the scrubber, wherein the operation of introducing a selectively reproducible coating composition to each bed is performed on the filler. Monitoring and measuring equipment for controlling the coating to be regenerated.

(5) The Chinese patent application number 88100400 “Method for removing sulfur-containing contaminants, aromatics and hydrocarbon compounds in a gaseous state” filed by Lagos Joanderf in 1997 is a sulfur-containing contaminant, aromatic And a method of removing hydrocarbon compounds, using cyclobutane as a substrate absorbent and combining with secondary or tertiary amines, and hydrocarbon compound gases (may include CO ₂ and higher aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds) It includes a method for removing sulfur-containing contaminants in the form of thiols and H ₂ S from the medium and recovering elemental sulfur. Chemical, physical or performed using a chemical / physical absorbent, and substantially remove all of the sulfur compounds and CO _2.

  (6) The Chinese patent application number 8127216 “Liquid fuel distribution device having an improved mechanism for preventing pollution” filed by Kobe S muua in 1992 is a liquid fuel distribution device having an improved mechanism for preventing pollution. A distribution device for transporting fuel from a fuel distribution unit, a fuel storage tank, a fuel storage tank, a pump having a pump fuel outlet, and a filtration container having a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet. A filter container in which an outlet of the pump mechanism is connected to a fuel inlet of the filter container, and a filter mechanism located in the filter container and connected in series with the fuel flowing through the filter container. A filter mechanism including a mechanism for opening and closing the flow of fuel when the polluted matter that has been absorbed reaches a preset amount, and fuel is distributed from the filter to the fuel And a pipeline mechanism for transporting to the unit.

  In contrast to the disadvantages present in the well-known “water-in-oil emulsified fuel” (ie, commonly referred to as emulsified heavy oil (WEH) or emulsified diesel oil (WED)), the present invention has conducted an improved study, It is intended to provide a novel emulsified fuel and to completely improve its drawbacks. As described above, the present invention introduced the inventive concept of using oil-impregnated industrial wastewater in the course of research and development, and advanced research and development in this direction. After a great deal of effort and experimental verification, the present invention was completed.

  The present inventors have been engaged in research and development work in various fields such as academic research, practical work, and applications in the field of environmental engineering and energy for a long period of time, especially in the areas of emulsified oil products and oil-containing industrial wastewater. We are conducting experiments, research and practice, and actively researching and developing based on the aforementioned inventive concept, so we aim to provide a solution for superior emulsified oil products, saving energy and reducing pollution. We hope that this will contribute to the protection of the global environment.

  Therefore, the main object of the present invention is that the operation is simple, the cost is low, the combustion efficiency of oil is improved, the emission of flue exhaust pollutants is reduced, and the energy saving effect can be achieved. The object is to provide a production method for producing an emulsified fuel using "water".

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides (1) oil-containing water formed by dissolving a combustible fuel in a ratio of 0.02 to 30% w / w in water, and 0.01 to 3% w / w. The oil-containing water was added by the step of thoroughly mixing the emulsifier in the ratio of (2), the step of premixing with 60 to 95% w / w conventional heavy oil, and the step of (3) further mixing and emulsifying the whole. Provided is a method for producing an emulsified fuel using oil-containing water, which comprises producing an emulsified heavy oil.

  The present invention also includes (1) oil-containing water formed by dissolving a combustible fuel in a proportion of 0.02 to 30% w / w in water and an emulsifier in a proportion of 0.01 to 3% w / w. The step of mixing, (2) the step of premixing with 75 to 98% w / w of conventional diesel oil, and (3) the step of further mixing and emulsifying the whole produce an emulsified diesel oil to which oil-containing water is added. A method for producing an emulsified fuel using oil-containing water is provided.

  In the present invention, the oil-containing water may be particularly prepared and used at the concentration ratio.

  In the present invention, the oil-containing water may be directly taken from oil-containing industrial wastewater.

  In the present invention, the oil-containing water may be used after simply removing solid impurities from the oil-containing industrial wastewater.

  In the present invention, when the oil content of the oil-containing industrial wastewater is insufficient, an oil-containing water having an appropriate concentration may be prepared by a concentration procedure before use.

  In the present invention, the emulsifier used may be a commercially available emulsifier that can promote uniform mixing of oil and water.

  In the present invention, the oil-containing water is water containing a dissolved fuel.

  In the present invention, the dissolved fuel includes flammable alcohols (and those containing various substituents, bioalcohols and glycerin), alkyls (and those containing various substituents), benzenes ( And those containing various substituents), ethers (and those containing various substituents), aldehydes (and those containing various substituents), ketones (and those containing various substituents), organic acids (and various types) To produce substituents), esters (and various substituents), mineral oils (including various cutting oils), lubricating oils, gasolines, diesel oils (and biodiesel and biodiesel oils) A single compound or any of the oils (including various vegetable oils and animal oils) and heavy oils (and various fuel oils or residual or circulating oils) Two or mixture, or any three mixtures or any mixture of 3 or more.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  In order that the technical means utilized by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned object will be fully understood, examples will be given and described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, an emulsified fuel is manufactured by a manufacturing method through the following steps. First, “oil-containing water” formed by dissolving a combustible fuel in a proportion of 0.02 to 30% w / w in water and an emulsifier in a proportion of 0.01 to 3% w / w are mixed thoroughly, And 60-95% w / w conventional heavy oil or 75-98% w / w conventional diesel oil, and finally the whole is further mixed and emulsified. Emulsified heavy oil (abbreviated OWEH) "or" Emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated OWED) "with" oil-containing water "added.

  Since the present invention is a production method for producing an emulsified fuel using “oil-containing water”, it is necessary to first obtain an “oil-containing water” product (that is, the “oil-containing water” product must first exist), and thereafter Subsequent steps can be performed for the first time. “Oil-containing water” products can be obtained by several routes. First, a combustible fuel can be dissolved in water at a rate of 0.02 to 30% w / w to form “oil-containing water” and used as an additive of the present invention. Secondly, it can also be taken directly from oil-impregnated industrial wastewater, which means that the concentration of combustible fuel in the oil-impregnated industrial wastewater is just within the range of 0.02-30% w / w applied in the present invention. If the solid impurities are naturally present in the oil-impregnated industrial wastewater, they can be used after a simple process of removing the solid impurities. Thirdly, it is also collected from oil-containing industrial wastewater and used, but since the oil-containing concentration of the collected oil-containing industrial wastewater is insufficient, it is the concentration of the combustible fuel applied in the present invention through the concentration procedure first. “Oil-containing water” in the range of 0.02 to 30% w / w is prepared before use.

  Whatever the method or route, when the “oil-containing water” within the range of 0.02 to 30% w / w, which is the concentration of the combustible fuel applied in the present invention, is obtained, the emulsified fuel of the invention Can be used as an additive for the production. The “oil-containing water” of the present invention is more specifically “water containing dissolved fuel”, where “dissolved fuel” refers to alcohols having flammability (and those containing various substituents, Alcohols and glycerin), alkyls (and those containing various substituents), benzenes (and those containing various substituents), ethers (and those containing various substituents), aldehydes (and various substitutions) Group), ketones (and various substituents), organic acids (and various substituents), esters (and various substituents), mineral oil (including various cutting oils) , Lubricating oils, gasolines, diesel oils (and vegetable and animal oils to produce biodiesel and biodiesel oils) and heavy oils (and various fuels) It may be oil or residual oil or circulating oil) single compound or any two mixtures, or any three mixtures, or any mixtures of three or more of one of the compounds.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, first, the “dissolved fuel” (or a mixture thereof) having flammability is uniformly dissolved in water to prepare “oil-containing water”, and further an emulsifier is added and mixed uniformly. Emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated OWED) or "oil-containing water" added to conventional heavy oil or conventional diesel oil in a certain concentration ratio range, mixed, stirred, emulsified and added with "oil-containing water" (Abbreviation OWEH) can be prepared.

In the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated OWED) added with “oil-containing water” or the emulsified heavy oil (abbreviated OWEH) added with “oil-containing water” produced by the production method of the present invention, The abbreviation OWEH) is certainly more stable than emulsified oil with well-known tap water according to the results of the actual stability test. When the combustion test was conducted using a heavy oil boiler, it was clearly contamination, the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound (PAHs), total toxic equivalents (total-BaPeg), carbon monoxide (CO), reducing the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO _X), and a substantially energy It has been found that it can save energy, while emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED) with “oil-containing water” added is also used in diesel engines to conduct energy tests. The emulsified fuel produced by adding the “oil-containing water” of the present invention, which shows the effect of dye reduction, can surely improve the combustion efficiency and reduce the discharge of pollutants in the air. Prove that energy saving effect can be achieved.

  In the present invention, many experiments were conducted in the course of research and development to verify the progressive effects of the use of the present invention. Here, with respect to the experiment of heavy oil and diesel oil, the terms therein are defined as follows. Conventional heavy oil (EH-0) indicates that 100% of the oil product of the heavy oil is conventional heavy oil, and the ratio including “tap water” or “oil-containing water” is 0%, and emulsified heavy oil (WEH) -20) indicates that the emulsified heavy oil contains 20% of “tap water” and 80% of conventional heavy oil, and emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) indicates that the emulsified heavy oil contains 20% of “oil-containing water” and conventional heavy oil. It represents including 80%. Conventional diesel oil (ED-0) represents that 100% of the oil product of the diesel oil is conventional diesel oil, and the ratio including “tap water” or “oil-containing water” is 0%. Diesel oil (WED-13) represents that the emulsified diesel oil contains 13% “tap water” and 87% conventional diesel oil, and emulsified diesel oil (OWED-13) It represents 13% water and 87% conventional diesel oil.

  Regarding the heavy oil experiment, the conventional heavy oil purchased in the experimental research and practice of the present invention is No. 6 heavy oil mainly from Sakai Oil Company in Taiwan area, and all purchased oil products are used in industrial boilers in the Republic of China. It conforms to the oil product standards for fuel oil, and “oil-containing water” is ordered from a waste oil recovery plant in the southern part of Taiwan. In general waste oil recovery factories, in order to reduce the water content of recycled oil, it is necessary to continuously separate and deposit the water content in the oil by stripping by vacuum heat treatment in the process of recovering the waste oil. "Oil-containing water" used to produce the emulsified fuel of the present invention is oil-containing industrial wastewater after stripping and condensing, the oil-containing industrial wastewater is separated from oil-water, and the upper oil is taken out and recovered and used as fuel, The lower “oil-containing water” is taken out and tested. The analysis results of the “oil-containing water” component are shown in Table 1.

  In Table 1, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaches 9600 mg / L, gasoline compounds (TPH-gasoline) content is 444 mg / L, diesel oil compounds (TPH-diesel) content is 97 mg / L. is there. In the present invention, 20% w / w of “oil-containing water” is added to 80% w / w of conventional heavy oil (EH-0), and 100% w / w of emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with oil-containing water is used. To manufacture. The production of emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) with tap water was carried out by adding an emulsifier to 20% w / w tap water (Taiwan, Taiwan's general public drinking water) and mixing well, then 80 An emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) to which tap water is added can be prepared by adding% w / w of conventional heavy oil (EH-0) and further mixing well.

  In the present invention, conventional fuel oil (EH-0), emulsified fuel oil added with tap water (WEH-20), and emulsified fuel oil added with oil-impregnated water (OWE-20) were tested in a fuel oil boiler. When the survey was conducted, when using conventional heavy oil (EH-0), emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water, and emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with oil-containing water, The average emission factors of particulate pollutants (PM) in the exhaust gas per 1 kJ of steam generated are 4.3, 3.4 and 2.7 mg / kJ · steam, based on conventional heavy oil (EH-0) When (100%) emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water and emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) added with oil-containing water is used, particulate pollutants ( PM) discharger Is reduced by 20.9% and 37.2%, respectively, and the emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with oil-containing water is more granular than the emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water. It was found that the pollutant (PM) emission factor was reduced by 16.3%.

  In terms of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (Total-PAHs), conventional heavy oil (EH-0), emulsified diesel oil with tap water (WEH-20), and emulsified heavy oil with oily water (OWEH) -20) is used, the average emission coefficient of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (Total-PAHs) in the exhaust gas per 1 kJ of steam generated in the boiler is 2.83, 2.10 and 1 .82 μg / kJ · steam, emulsified heavy oil added with tap water (WEH-20) with conventional heavy oil (EH-0) as standard (100%), and emulsified heavy oil added with oil-impregnated water When (OWE-20) is used, the emission factor of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (Total-PAHs) in the exhaust gas is reduced by 25.8% and 35.7%, Furthermore, the emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with oil-impregnated water is more of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (Total-PAHs) in the exhaust gas in the boiler than the emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water. It can be seen that the emission factor is reduced by 9.9%, and when viewed in terms of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound toxicity equivalent (Total-BaPeg), conventional heavy oil (EH-0) and emulsified diesel oil with tap water added (WEH-20) and emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) to which oil-containing water is added, respectively, the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound toxicity equivalent in the exhaust gas per 1 kJ of steam heat generated by the boiler ( Total-BaPeg) has an average emission factor of 29.5, 17.8 and 15.6 ng / kJ.steam, with conventional heavy oil (EH-0) as the standard (100%) The emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) to which water is added and the emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) to which oil-containing water is added have an emission coefficient of the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound toxicity equivalent (Total-BaPeg) in the exhaust gas. Reduced by 39.7% and 47.1% respectively, the emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with oil-impregnated water is more than the emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water in the exhaust gas in the boiler. It was found that the emission factor of ring aromatic hydrocarbon compound toxicity equivalent (Total-BaPeg) was reduced by 7.4%.

In terms of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the exhaust gas of the boiler, conventional heavy oil (EH-0), emulsified diesel oil (WEH-20) with tap water, and emulsified heavy oil (OWEH) with oil-containing water -20) are used, the average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust generated in the boiler are 171, 35.0 and 27.0 ppmv, respectively, and conventional heavy oil (EH-0) is used. As standard (100%), emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) with tap water and emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) with oil-containing water have an average concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the exhaust gas respectively. Emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20), which is reduced by 79.5% and 84.2%, and further containing oil-impregnated water, is one acid in exhaust gas exhaust from boilers compared to emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water. See that the average concentration of carbon (CO) is reduced 4.7%, in terms of nitrogen oxides (NO _X) concentration in the exhaust boiler exhaust, conventional heavy oil (EH-0), the tap water was added When the emulsified diesel oil (WEH-20) and the emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with oil-containing water are used, the average concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) in the exhaust gas generated in the boiler are respectively 198, 178 and 168 ppmv, based on conventional heavy oil (EH-0) as standard (100%), emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water and emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) added with oil-containing water are , the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust the exhaust (NO _X) is reduced 10.1%, respectively, and 15.2%, further emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) was added to oil-containing water emulsified plus tap water The concentration of the oil nitrogen oxides in the exhaust the exhaust gas in the boiler compared to _{(WEH-20) (NO X} ) was found to be reduced 5.1%.

  As shown in Table 2, in terms of the stability of the oil product of the emulsified oil, the emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with oil-containing water is more oil than the emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water. Product stability is also excellent.

  From the viewpoint of boiler energy efficiency, when using conventional heavy oil (EH-0), emulsified diesel oil (WEH-20) with tap water, and emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) with oil-containing water, The average energy efficiency of boilers is 43%, 47% and 49%, respectively, and tap water was added based on the amount of oil used in conventional heavy oil (EH-0) boilers that generate a certain amount of steam (100%). The emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) and the emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) added with oil-containing water can save 9.3% and 14.0% of the average amount of oil used in the boiler, respectively. It has been found that heavy oil (OWE-20) can save 4.7% of the amount of boiler oil used compared to emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) with tap water added. Here, the difference between the emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) added with oil-impregnated water and the emulsified heavy oil (WEH-20) added with tap water is the difference between the “oil-impregnated oil used with oil-impregnated water (OWE-20)”. “Water” contains about 1% w / w of flammable fuel in a dissolved state, and “oil-containing water” accounts for 20% of emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) with 100% w / w of oil-containing water added. Therefore, the combustible fuel in the dissolved state in the “oil-containing water” only accounts for 0.2% w / w of the emulsified heavy oil (OWE-20) added with 100% w / w oil-containing water, OWEH-20 has only about 0.2% more fuel mass than WEH-20, but 4.7% more energy effect than WEH-20. That is, the energy per unit mass produced by this 0.2% more fuel mass is 23.5 times. Based on the amount of boiler oil used in conventional heavy oil (EH-0) as a standard (100%), emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) to which oil-containing water is added can save about 14%. According to the UN standard calculation method, when a certain amount of steam is generated, emulsified heavy oil (OWEH-20) with oil-containing water of the present invention reduces carbon dioxide emissions by about 14% compared with conventional heavy oil. Can be made.

  Regarding the diesel oil experiment, the conventional diesel oil purchased in the experimental research and practice of the present invention is a high-grade diesel oil mainly from a Taiwanese oil company, and all the purchased conventional diesel oil runs in the Republic of China. It conforms to the diesel oil standard used for diesel vehicles. About “oil-containing water” necessary for producing an emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) to which oil-containing water is added, 1% w / w palm biodiesel oil is sufficiently stirred and mixed with tap water, After uniformly dissolving in tap water and further adding 0.1% w / w emulsifier to “oil-containing water” and thoroughly stirring and mixing, 87% of “oil-containing water” 13% w / w containing emulsifier is further added. An emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) to which oil-containing water is added is prepared by sufficiently stirring and emulsifying with a conventional diesel oil of w / w.

  Conventional diesel oil (ED-0), emulsified diesel oil added with tap water (abbreviated as WED-13), and emulsified diesel oil added with oil-containing water (abbreviated as OWED-13) were actually used as diesel fuel. According to the results of the energy measurement test used for the engine generator, conventional diesel oil (ED-0), emulsified diesel oil added with tap water (abbreviation WED-13), and emulsified diesel oil added with oil-containing water (abbreviation) The fuel consumption rates of OWED-13) are 0.356, 0.393 and 0.379 L / kW · h, respectively. The ratio of diesel oil in oil products of emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as WED-13) with tap water and emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) with added water is the same as that of conventional diesel oil (ED-0). There are only 87% and 88%. Compared to the conventional diesel oil (ED-0), the average percentage of energy saving of the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as WED-13) with tap water and the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) with added water is 4 respectively. The emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) further containing oil-containing water is approximately 2.3% from the energy saving percentage of the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as WED-13) added with tap water. high.

  Here, the difference between the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) added with oil-containing water and the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as WED-13) added with tap water is the difference between the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) added with oil-containing water. ) Contains about 1% w / w of flammable fuel in a dissolved state, and “oil-containing water” is an emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED) to which 100% w / w of oil-containing water is added. -13) accounted for only 13% of the oil, and therefore the combustible fuel in the dissolved state in the “oil-containing water” is 0% of the emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) with 100% w / w oil-containing water added. Only occupying .13% w / w, OWED-13 only has about 0.13% more fuel mass than WED-13, but 2.3% more energy effect than WEH-20. That is, the energy per unit mass produced by this 0.13% more fuel mass is 17.7 times.

  Three types of fuel are actually used for diesel engines: conventional diesel oil (ED-0), emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as WED-13) with tap water, and emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED-13) with added water. According to the results of the energy measurement test used for the generator, conventional diesel oil (ED-0), emulsified diesel oil with tap water (abbreviation WED-13), and emulsified diesel oil with oil-containing water (abbreviation OWED) -13) The average emission factors of particulate pollutants (PM) in the exhaust gas per 1 kW · h of electricity generated by the diesel engine generator are 92.5, 58.8 and 55.6 mg / kW · h. Based on conventional diesel oil (ED-0) as standard (100%), emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as WED-13) with tap water and emulsified water with oil-containing water The emission factors of particulate pollutants (PM) in diesel engine generator exhaust using diesel oil (abbreviated OWED-13) were reduced by 36.4% and 39.9%, respectively, and oily water was added. Emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated OWED-13) has a 3.5% emission factor of particulate pollutants (PM) in exhaust gas from diesel engine generators compared to emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated WED-13) with tap water added. Reduced.

  From the experimental results, it is clear that the present invention is a completely new and greatly advanced invention. Emulsified heavy oil with oil-impregnated water (OWEH) and emulsified diesel oil with oil-impregnated water (OWED) are applied to heavy oil boilers and diesel engines, respectively, to improve combustion chamber combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions At the same time, energy saving effect has been achieved. Problems such as how to reduce pollutants generated in heavy oil boilers and diesel engines, and how to save energy, have attracted people's attention, and emulsified heavy oil (OWEH) added with oil-containing water disclosed in the present invention. ) And an invention and use of a production method for producing an emulsified diesel oil (OWED) to which oil-containing water is added can solve the above-mentioned problems. If the results of the present invention are successfully utilized, fuel consumption can be greatly saved and pollutant emissions can be greatly reduced, which will benefit people.

  As can be seen from the above description, the present invention mainly improves on the drawbacks of known emulsified fuels, and is a completely new manufacturing method, mainly dissolving some fuels in water involved in emulsification first. Prepare “oil-containing water”, mix and stir with further emulsifier, and then stir and emulsify “oil-containing water” containing further emulsifier with heavy oil (fuel oil) or diesel oil. A method for preparing the added emulsified oil is presented. Thus, “emulsified heavy oil (abbreviated as OWEH)” added with “oil-containing water” or “emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED) added with“ oil-containing water ”in“ oil-in-water, water-in-oil ” It is excellent in stability, it is difficult to separate water and oil, the amount of emulsifier added can be reduced, and the production cost of emulsified oil can be saved. Furthermore, since the “oil-containing water” in the emulsified oil of OWEH or OWED is an “oil-in-water type”, the fuel in water forms an infinite number of flash points during combustion and shows a uniform state distribution at the molecular level. Therefore, there is no disadvantage that incomplete combustion occurs due to non-uniform water droplet sizes as in known techniques or due to the rapid cooling action of water. Therefore, OWEH and OWED manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention have good combustion efficiency, greatly increase the energy saving rate, and reduce pollution emission.

  At the same time, the present invention further provides a method for producing emulsified oils by “recovering and reusing oil-containing industrial wastewater”, ie, simply filtering and removing solid impurities from oil-containing industrial wastewater, or increasing the oil-containing concentration by a concentration procedure. In this way, oil-containing industrial wastewater is treated without enormous costs, and oil-containing industrial wastewater is used to obtain oil-containing water, which is then added to heavy oil or diesel oil. Presents a completely new concept of producing "emulsified heavy oil (abbreviated as OWEH)" with "oil-containing water" and "emulsified diesel oil (abbreviated as OWED) with" oil-containing water ". In this way, while generating fuel from oil-impregnated industrial wastewater, the difficult problem of the treatment of oil-impregnated industrial wastewater is solved at the same time. This is a significant advancement in the development field.

  In summary, the literature and patents published in the past include improvements in the oil used in the majority of flue exhaust from industrial boilers and diesel engines, improvements in mechanical equipment, modification of boiler equipment or the processing efficiency of prevention equipment. Improvement has achieved the effect of reducing pollution. The present invention relates to a method for producing emulsified heavy oil (OWEH) to which “oil-containing water” is added and emulsified diesel oil (OWED) to which “oil-containing water” is added, and an additive for emulsified oil containing the recovered oil-containing industrial wastewater. The invention and its use as an industrial boiler and diesel oil engine flue exhaust pollution reduction and energy saving, is indeed a completely new invention, and it can be found in any past patent or literature. Similar or similar content is not presented.

Claims (22)

(1) A step of sufficiently mixing oil-containing water formed by dissolving a combustible fuel in a proportion of 0.02 to 30% w / w in water with an emulsifier in a proportion of 0.01 to 3% w / w,
(2) A step of further premixing with conventional heavy oil of 60 to 95% w / w,
(3) A method for producing an emulsified fuel using oil-containing water, wherein an emulsified heavy oil to which oil-containing water is added is produced by further mixing and emulsifying the whole.   The emulsified fuel is produced by using the oil-containing water according to claim 1, wherein the oil-containing water is formed by dissolving in water at a combustible fuel concentration of 0.02 to 30% w / w. how to.   The oil-containing water is emulsified using the oil-containing water according to claim 1, wherein the oil-containing water is directly collected and used from oil-containing industrial wastewater at a combustible fuel concentration of 0.02 to 30% w / w. A method for producing fuel.   The method for producing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water according to claim 3, wherein the oil-containing water is obtained by simply removing solid impurities from oil-containing industrial wastewater.   When the oil content of the oil-containing industrial wastewater is less than 0.02 to 30% w / w, the concentration of the combustible fuel is used after preparing an appropriate concentration of oil-containing water by the concentration procedure. A method for producing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water according to claim 3.   The method of manufacturing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water of Claim 1 whose emulsifier to be used is an emulsifier which can generally promote the uniform mixing of commercially available oil water.   The method for producing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oil-containing water is water containing a dissolved fuel.   The fuel in the dissolved state includes flammable alcohols and various substituents, bioalcohols and glycerin, alkyls and various substituents, benzenes and various substituents, ethers and Those containing various substituents, those containing aldehydes and various substituents, those containing ketones and various substituents, those containing organic acids and various substituents, those containing esters and various substituents, mineral oil, cutting A single compound or any of oils, lubricating oils, gasolines, diesel oils and biodiesel oils and vegetable oils and animal oils to produce biodiesel oils, and heavy oils and various fuel oils or residual oils or circulating oils 2 types of mixtures or any 3 types of mixtures or any 3 or more types of mixtures The method for producing an emulsion fuel by using the oil-containing water according to claim 7. (1) A step of sufficiently mixing oil-containing water formed by dissolving a combustible fuel in a proportion of 0.02 to 30% w / w in water with an emulsifier in a proportion of 0.01 to 3% w / w,
(2) a step of further premixing with 75 to 98% w / w of conventional diesel oil,
(3) A method for producing an emulsified fuel using oil-containing water, wherein an emulsified diesel oil to which oil-containing water is added is produced by further mixing and emulsifying the whole.   The emulsified fuel is produced by using the oil-containing water according to claim 9, wherein the oil-containing water is formed by dissolving in water at a combustible fuel concentration of 0.02 to 30% w / w. how to.   The oil-containing water is emulsified using the oil-containing water according to claim 9, wherein the oil-containing water is directly collected from oil-containing industrial wastewater at a combustible fuel concentration of 0.02 to 30% w / w. A method for producing fuel.   The method for producing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water according to claim 11, wherein the oil-containing water is obtained by simply removing solid impurities from oil-containing industrial wastewater.   When the oil content of the oil-containing industrial wastewater is less than 0.02 to 30% w / w, the concentration of the combustible fuel is used after preparing an appropriate concentration of oil-containing water by the concentration procedure. A method for producing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water according to claim 11.   The method of manufacturing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water of Claim 9 whose emulsifier to be used is an emulsifier which can generally promote the uniform mixing of commercially available oil water.   The method for producing an emulsified fuel using the oil-containing water according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the oil-containing water is water containing a dissolved fuel.   The fuel in the dissolved state includes flammable alcohols and various substituents, bioalcohols and glycerin, alkyls and various substituents, benzenes and various substituents, ethers and Those containing various substituents, those containing aldehydes and various substituents, those containing ketones and various substituents, those containing organic acids and various substituents, those containing esters and various substituents, mineral oil, cutting A single compound or any of oils, lubricating oils, gasolines, diesel oils and biodiesel oils and vegetable oils and animal oils to produce biodiesel oils, and heavy oils and various fuel oils or residual oils or circulating oils 2 types of mixtures or any 3 types of mixtures or 3 or more types of mixtures The method for producing an emulsion fuel by using the oil-containing water according to claim 15.   Oil-containing water formed by dissolving in water at a combustible fuel concentration of 0.02 to 30% w / w.   The oil-containing water according to claim 17, wherein the oil-containing water is directly used after being collected from oil-containing industrial wastewater at a combustible fuel concentration of 0.02 to 30% w / w.   The oil-containing water according to claim 18, wherein the oil-containing water is obtained by simply removing solid impurities from oil-containing industrial wastewater.   When the oil content of the oil-containing industrial wastewater is such that the combustible fuel concentration is 0.02 to 30% w / w, an oil-containing water having an appropriate concentration is prepared by a concentration procedure. Oil-containing water as described.   The oil-containing water according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the oil-containing water is water containing fuel in a dissolved state.   The fuel in the dissolved state includes flammable alcohols and various substituents, bioalcohols and glycerin, alkyls and various substituents, benzenes and various substituents, ethers and Those containing various substituents, those containing aldehydes and various substituents, those containing ketones and various substituents, those containing organic acids and various substituents, those containing esters and various substituents, mineral oil, cutting A single compound or any of oils, lubricating oils, gasolines, diesel oils and biodiesel oils and vegetable oils and animal oils to produce biodiesel oils, and heavy oils and various fuel oils or residual oils or circulating oils 2 types of mixtures or any 3 types of mixtures or any 3 or more types of mixtures , Oil-containing water according to claim 21.

Images