Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
  • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
  • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
  • B05B7/203—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
  • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
  • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
  • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
  • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
  • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
  • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
  • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
  • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
  • B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
  • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
  • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an acceleration nozzle suitable for forming a film by colliding particles atomized by gas collision with a film formation target in a cooled or molten state, and an injection equipped with the acceleration nozzle
• the present invention relates to a nozzle device.
• the main technologies for atomizing metal materials using gas are (1) fine powder production, (2) spray forming, and (3) thermal spraying. Nozzle is being used.
• the fine powder production used for powder metallurgy is to atomize metal material by colliding jet gas from a plurality of nozzles arranged on the circumference of the molten metal flow poured from a container toward the molten metal flow. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
• a conical Laval nozzle is disposed, the gas is accelerated by the Laval nozzle, and a metal material or the like is introduced into the gas accelerated at a high speed in a molten state,
• a method of atomization see, for example, Patent Document 2.
• the atomizer (atomizer) having the same structure as that for fine powder production is used!
• metal particles can be prevented from adhering to the inner wall of the nozzle. Coercive force
• the metal particles adhere to the inner wall of the nozzle in the form of a film and are pulled by the gas flowing in the center of the nozzle Since it is slowly pushed out toward the nozzle outlet, it is discharged from the nozzle outlet with a very large particle size compared to the fine particles flying in the center of the nozzle. As a result, the quality of the film is deteriorated and the quality of the deposit is lowered.
• spraying is a coating technology that forms a film by supplying a small amount of material according to the same principle. These include arc spraying using electricity as a heat source and flame spraying using combustion gas as a heat source.
• a metal material is supplied in the form of two wires, electric charges are added using each wire as an anode and a cathode, an arc is generated between the two wires, and the metal material is melted (for example, see Patent Document 4). .
• the temperature of the nozzle wall is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the metal material in consideration of the fact that particles adhere to the nozzle.
• the arc spraying device described in Patent Document 5 is configured so as to promote a high-speed spray flow downstream of the atomizing section.
• the wire rods 111 and 111 that have passed through the wire rod guides 110 and 110 are brought into contact with each other on the nozzle central axis, and the tapered taper section 112a and the taper of the taper are coaxial with the central axis.
• a gas cap 112 communicating with the super compartment 112b is provided, and a primary gas flow G1 for spraying molten metal is generated by allowing gas to pass through the taper compartment 112a, and secondary from a plurality of orifices 112c provided in the taper compartment 112b. Gas stream G2 is generated.
• the secondary gas flows G2 are directed inward from each other so that they are sufficiently spaced downstream from the contact point of the wire 111 so as not to interfere with the atomization of the molten metal. As a result, the primary gas flow G1 is narrowed and accelerated by the secondary gas flow G2.
• the nozzle structure of the above-mentioned arc spraying device has a force S intended to increase the particle velocity, and the half apex angle (angle formed by the nozzle central axis and the nozzle inner wall) in the tapered section 112b of the gas cap 112 is extremely large. Since the force and the length are short, flow separation occurs in the gas cap 112 and it is difficult to form a supersonic gas flow.
• thermal spraying apparatus see, for example, Patent Document 6 in which a nozzle is used to form a high-speed frame toward the sprayed surface, and a spray material is introduced in the middle of the high-speed frame (combustion flame).
• a gas shroud is added to the spray gun barrel by the high-speed flame, and an inert gas is supplied into the shroud through a circumferentially formed slit in the gas shroud, and the velocity of the metal particles sprayed from the gun barrel.
• the metal particles collide with the surface of the base material while being accelerated from the atmosphere and blocked from the atmosphere (see, for example, Patent Document 7).
• the inclined surface of the slit for supplying the inert gas is inclined within 70 ° with respect to a line perpendicular to the central axis of the shroud tube portion. Beyond 70 °, it seems that it becomes difficult to mix inert gas into the flame flowing in the center of the shroud.
• (3-3) 3D modeling It is a method of three-dimensional modeling by spraying the atomized molten metal toward the target and solidifying it.
• the wire is melted outside the nozzle! / (See, for example, Patent Document 8).
• This modeling method has a problem that the accuracy of the molten metal droplet hitting the substrate is low because the molten metal is blown off by the gas that is jetted from the nozzle and diffused.
• a film is formed by colliding with a base material in a solid state in supersonic flow together with gas without melting or gasifying the material (see, for example, Patent Document 9).
• the material that collides at supersonic speed becomes a film by plastic deformation of the particles themselves, and unlike other thermal spraying methods, changes in material properties and oxidation due to heat are suppressed.
• Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-24481
• Patent Document 2 JP-A-62-110738
• Patent Document 3 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2004-503385
• Patent Document 4 JP-A-2006-175426
• Patent Document 5 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. U-279743
• Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 200-181817
• Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-183805
• Patent Document 8 JP 2000-248353 A
• Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-52449
• the present invention has been made in consideration of the problems in the related art injection nozzles as described above.
• the particles do not adhere to the inner wall of the nozzle, and the force and the atomization effect obtained by the gas flow rate and the particles are obtained. It is an object of the present invention to provide an acceleration nozzle and an injection nozzle device that can effectively utilize the acceleration effect of the nozzle.
• the accelerating nozzle of the present invention has a nozzle hole whose inner diameter continuously or stepwise expands toward the tip of the nozzle, and directs a high-speed gas flow toward the nozzle tip side on the circumferential inner wall of the nozzle hole.
• the gist of the invention is that an injection port for injecting into a substantially cylindrical shape is formed, and that the injection port is provided in a plurality of stages in the cylinder axis direction of the nozzle hole.
• the injection ports are annularly opened at the inner wall step portions of the connected upstream and downstream ring-shaped parts. That power S.
• a gas supply path for supplying the gas for forming the high-speed gas flow is provided through each ring-shaped part excluding the ring-shaped part at the tip, and from the gas supply path, the gas supply path is provided. It is possible to form a gas passage for individually supplying the gas to the injection port of each stage.
• the gas passage is formed by providing a gap between the upstream and downstream ring-shaped parts connected to the acceleration nozzle, and in the vicinity of the injection port in the gas passage, The force S is applied to form a high-speed gas flow forming portion that forms the high-speed gas flow by narrowing the width of the gas passage.
• the acceleration nozzle having the above-described configuration can be connected to the nozzle outlet of the thermal spraying apparatus, can be connected to the nozzle outlet of the fine powder production apparatus, and is further connected to the nozzle outlet of the cold spray apparatus.
• the power to do S can be connected to the nozzle outlet of the thermal spraying apparatus, can be connected to the nozzle outlet of the fine powder production apparatus, and is further connected to the nozzle outlet of the cold spray apparatus.
• the jet nozzle device of the present invention is a material in which the carrier gas introduced to the nozzle inlet side is passed through the throat portion in the nozzle to form a high-speed gas flow and is in a molten state in the nozzle.
• the spray nozzle device that atomizes the material by the high-speed gas flow and sprays the atomized particles from the nozzle outlet side
• the circumferential inner wall of the nozzle hole on the downstream side of the throat portion is substantially parallel to the downstream side of the nozzle center axis.
• the gist of the present invention is that it has an injection port for injecting a shield gas toward the surface, and a shield gas supply unit for forming a cylindrical shield gas flow around the high-speed gas flow.
• the formation of the cylindrical shield gas flow is not particularly limited as long as a substantially cylindrical flow is formed, for example, by injecting an annular injection rocker shield gas. It may be formed, or may be formed in a cylindrical shape by injecting shield gas from a plurality of plural ports arranged on the circumference.
• the nozzle may be formed as a divergent nozzle having an inner diameter that continuously or stepwise expands from the throat portion toward the nozzle outlet.
• the nozzle can be constituted by an assembly in which a plurality of ring-shaped components are connected in the ring central axis direction.
• the nozzle of the injection nozzle device is formed of a divergent nozzle having an inner diameter that gradually increases from the throat portion toward the nozzle outlet, the stepped portion of each adjacent inner wall in the connected ring-shaped part
• the force S is used to form a slit as the shield gas injection port in an annular shape.
• the injection nozzle device if a shield gas throat portion is formed in the shield gas supply path on the upstream side of the slit to make the flow velocity of the shield gas equal to the flow velocity of the high-speed gas flow, for example, in the case of an injection nozzle device that accelerates gas at high speed, such as a Laval nozzle, the high-speed gas flow can be promoted by the introduced shielding gas.
• a gas flow deflecting portion for aligning the flow of the shield gas substantially parallel to the central axis of the nozzle toward the downstream side is provided at the downstream inner peripheral edge of the ring-shaped component. Can be provided.
• a pair of wire guides for supplying the spray material in the form of wires is disposed in the vicinity of the throat portion of the nozzle in the spray nozzle device, and the tip of these wire guides is inserted into the nozzle.
• a charge is applied to each of a pair of wires protruding in the form of an anode and a cathode Can be configured.
• the ring-shaped component disposed on the most upstream side in the flow direction of the high-speed gas flow is made of ceramics, and a pair of wires serving as a thermal spray material is supplied to the ceramics.
• the wire guides are passed through, and the electric charges are applied to the pair of wires protruding into the nozzle from the tips of these wire guides as the anode and cathode electrodes.
• the ring-shaped component disposed on the most upstream side in the flow direction of the high-speed gas flow is made of ceramics, and the ring-shaped component is supplied from the wire guide through the throat portion.
• a fixed electrode for arc melting with the wire can be provided.
• a melt nozzle for supplying a melt to the nozzle central axis through the throat portion can be provided.
• the injection nozzle apparatus supplies the molten metal nozzle force penetrating the ring-shaped part, the directional force intersecting the high-speed gas flow in the nozzle, and the molten metal. It can be configured with the power S.
• the particles do not adhere to the inner wall of the nozzle, and the force S can effectively utilize the atomization effect and particle acceleration effect obtained by the gas flow velocity. And! /, Has the advantage.
• FIG. 1 (a) is a front sectional view showing the principle of an accelerating nozzle according to the present invention, and (b) is an enlarged view of part B thereof.
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a downstream side surface of the ring-shaped component in FIG. 1.
• FIG. 3 is a graph showing a particle velocity distribution obtained by the acceleration nozzle of the present invention.
• FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a gas flow by the acceleration nozzle of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for adjusting the flow velocity of the acceleration nozzle according to the present invention.
• FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing velocity vectors of mainstream gas and shield gas in the nozzle.
• FIG. 7 is a principle view showing a second embodiment of the acceleration nozzle of the present invention.
• 8] A principle diagram showing a third embodiment of the acceleration nozzle of the present invention.
• FIG. 9 is a principle diagram showing a modification of the acceleration nozzle shown in FIG.
• FIG. 10 is a principle diagram showing another modification of the acceleration nozzle shown in FIG.
• (a) is a plan sectional view showing the configuration of the zinc injection nozzle device, and (b) is a front sectional view thereof.
• (a) is a front cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the proximal ring-shaped part shown in FIG. 11, (b) is a right side view thereof, and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in FIG. It is.
• FIG. 16 (a) is a front sectional view of the ring-shaped parts to be connected, and (b) is a right side view thereof.
• Fig. 17 (a) is a front sectional view of the ring-shaped part at the tip of the nozzle, and (b) is a right side view thereof.
• (18) (a) is a plan sectional view showing the structure of the titanium injection nozzle device, and (b) is a front sectional view thereof.
• FIG. 21 A cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the accelerating nozzle of the present invention applied to a cold spray using a principle diagram.
• [Sen 23] is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration when the acceleration nozzle of the present invention is applied to the atomization apparatus.
• FIG.25 Graph showing the particle velocity distribution in the direction perpendicular to the spray direction, based on the water experiment model.
• FIG. 26 is a graph showing changes in the particle velocity distribution in the spray direction and the particle diameter according to the water experiment model.
• FIG. 27 is a perspective view showing a configuration when the acceleration nozzle is formed in a rectangular tube shape.
• FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a related art injection nozzle device.
• FIG. 1 shows the principle of an accelerating nozzle according to the present invention.
• FIG. 1 (a) shows a front cross-sectional view
• FIG. 1 (b) is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 1 (a).
• the acceleration nozzle 1 introduces a carrier gas into the inlet side 3 of the nozzle 2.
• the introduced carrier gas forms a high-speed gas flow (hereinafter referred to as mainstream gas Gs) by passing through a throat section 4 with a narrowed inner diameter, and solid or liquid particles are generated by the mainstream gas Gs flow.
• the atomized particles are sprayed from the outlet side 5 of the nozzle 2.
• the nozzle 2 is configured by connecting a plurality of ring-shaped components 2a to 3 provided with through holes for flowing the mainstream gas Gs in the nozzle central axis direction.
• a ceramic ring-shaped part 2a serving as a base is disposed on the most upstream side in the flow of the main gas Gs (direction A), and a SUS ring-shaped part serving as a nozzle end on the most downstream side.
• the SUS ring-shaped parts 2b to 2i for connection are arranged in multiple stages between the ring-shaped parts 2a and 3 ⁇ 4.
• Reference numeral 6 denotes a shield gas supply path (gas supply path) drilled through each of the ring-shaped parts 2a to 2i.
• the shield gas supply path 6 is connected to the ring-shaped parts 2a to 3 ⁇ 4.
• An annular passage (gas passage) 6a provided as a gap portion in the connecting portion communicates with each other, and each annular passage 6a further communicates with an annular slit (injection port) T formed at the circumferential position of the nozzle inner wall.
• the slit T opens in an annular shape at the step portion on the inner wall of the connected upstream ring-shaped component 2a and downstream ring-shaped component 2b, as shown in FIG. 1 (a).
• a plurality of stages are provided in the direction of the cylinder axis of the nozzle hole.
• the shielding gas SGs introduced into the shielding gas supply path 6 joins in the annular passage 6a, and is individually supplied to the slits T as the injection ports of the respective stages through the annular passage 6a.
• the whole is formed into a cylindrical shape and is injected into the nozzle 2.
• the shield gas supply path 6 and the slit T function as a shield gas supply unit.
• a wire guide (described later) for supplying a wire as a thermal spray material into the nozzle 2 is passed through the ring-shaped part 2a, and the two wires protruding from each wire guide are slow. They are in contact with each other in the vicinity of the outlet side of the groove portion 4.
• the accelerating nozzle 1 is a fresh air (shield) covering the inner wall of the nozzle 2 by sequentially feeding a fresh gas from the ring-shaped parts 2a to 2i into the nozzle 2 at a flow rate substantially the same as the mainstream gas Gs flowing in the nozzle 2.
• Gas SGs gas SGs film is formed, and metal particles adhere to the inner wall of nozzle 2.
• the shielding gas SGs is preferably injected in parallel with the nozzle central axis, and is preferably supplied uniformly over the entire circumference of the nozzle inner wall 2k.
• the shielding gas SGs is formed into a cylindrical flow by supplying the shielding gas SGs from an annular slit having the same width over the entire circumference, and the nozzle 2 It would be ideal to supply
• the gas flow deflector 7 is required as a running section.
• a shielding gas is provided between the upstream ring-shaped part 2a and the downstream ring-shaped part 2b.
• the gas flow deflector 7 has a ring-shaped part 2a with a downstream inner periphery projecting in a jaw shape, and extends further downstream beyond the upstream end face 8 of the ring-shaped part 2b. (Refer to protrusion length N in the figure). Thereby, the slit communicating with the annular passage 6a.
• T is formed in an annular shape.
• the annular passage 6a and the annular slit T force S are formed in each of the ring-shaped parts 2a to 2i.
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the downstream side surface of the ring-shaped component 2a.
• a gas flow deflecting portion 7 is formed in a cylindrical shape at the periphery of a through-hole provided in the center of the ring-shaped component 2a, and an annular passage 6a is recessed in the bottom thereof.
• shield gas supply passages 6 are formed on the circumference at equal intervals (eight in this embodiment).
• the shield gas SGs supplied from the shield gas supply path 6 flows into the annular passage 6a and merges, and the gas flow deflecting unit 7 changes the direction of the gas flow to the nozzle central axis direction and is cylindrical. And is supplied into the nozzle 2.
• the gas flow deflecting unit 7 changes the direction of the gas flow to the nozzle central axis direction and is cylindrical. And is supplied into the nozzle 2.
• each ring-shaped part 2a to 3 ⁇ 4 the nozzle hole diameter of the downstream ring-shaped part is formed larger than that of the upstream ring-shaped part.
• the particle concentration on the nozzle central axis is usually the highest. It is said that the particle concentration decreases according to the Gaussian distribution as it reaches the periphery (radial direction).
• the particles supplied from the nozzle center axis spread in the nozzle radial direction while flying downstream of the nozzle, and this spread is caused by the disturbance of the flow in the nozzle. Affected.
• the flow in the nozzle 2 appears more turbulent as the velocity gradient (the rate at which the velocity changes in space) increases, so the gas flow rate in the nozzle 2 is preferably as uniform as possible.
• the acceleration nozzle 1 of the present invention has overcome the major problem of matching the velocity of the shield gas with that of the mainstream gas, and has succeeded in forming a uniform gas flow in the nozzle 2.
• the pressure in the nozzle is equal to ⁇ 2 equal to the pressure on the rear side of the slit, and therefore the pressure on the front side of all the slits of the ring-shaped parts 2a to 3 ⁇ 4 including the most upstream slit ⁇ should be pi. .
• the accelerating nozzle 1 shown in FIG. 1 employs a distribution system from the header, and supplies a shielding gas having the same pressure pi to the slits T of the ring-shaped parts 2a to 3 ⁇ 4.
• the nozzle is a nozzle that operates at a supersonic speed with a Mach number of the flow in the nozzle of 1 or more When using a supersonic nozzle, it must pass through a nozzle shape having an enlarged portion such as a Laval nozzle. Shield gas SGs cannot be supplied into nozzle 2 at the same flow rate as mainstream gas Gs.
• a curved surface is processed on the inner peripheral edge of the downstream ring-shaped part 2b so that the opening width C of the slit T outlet is greater than the opening width D of the narrowest slit 2m. ing.
• the slit narrowest part (shield gas throat part) 2m finally communicates with the inner wall of the nozzle, whereas the gas flow deflection part 7 facing the slit narrowest part 2m is linear. It is formed on a flat surface. In this way, by forming the flow path with a gap between the straight part and the arc part, the slit T for jetting the shielding gas SGs has the narrowest part throat in the middle and the opening width increases toward the downstream side. It will constitute a spreading Laval nozzle.
• the slit T has a Laval nozzle structure, it is not necessarily limited to a combination of a straight line portion and an arc portion as described above, and may be a combination of an arc and an arc, for example. .
• FIG. 3 is a graph showing the particle velocity distribution obtained by the acceleration nozzle 1.
• the outlet diameter of the nozzle 2 is ⁇ 15 mm, and therefore indicates a range force of +7.5 mm and 7.5 mm on the horizontal axis.
• the gas pressure of nitrogen gas is 1 ⁇ 3 MPa
• the gas flow rate is 0 ⁇ 17 kg / s
• the gas Mach number is 1 ⁇ 8 Yes
• the supply of zinc is 1 ⁇ 7 X 10_ 4 kg / s.
• the average speed at the nozzle outlet was about 420 m / s.
• the part where the particles existed was within the range of ⁇ 12mm (+ 66mm), and the particle velocity was almost constant.
• the particle diameter colliding with the substrate is ⁇ 10 30
• the nozzle 2 is configured by connecting a plurality of ring-shaped parts 2a to 3 ⁇ 4, and from the slits T formed at the respective connecting portions of the ring-shaped parts.
• Each shield gas SGs is supplied into the nozzle 2 in a direction substantially parallel to the nozzle center axis, and the supply operation of the shield gas SGs is repeated to the length required for particle acceleration.
• the interval at which the shielding gas SGs is supplied into the nozzle 2 can be selected within the range of a force determined by the thickness of the ring-shaped part 2a 2i, usually 520 mm.
• ring-shaped parts of various thicknesses are prepared and atomized, and the thickness of the ring-shaped parts is determined by trial and error. To decide.
• the thickness is changed to a ring-shaped component having a small thickness, and when there is no particle adhesion, the thickness of the ring-shaped component is increased.
• the nozzle length necessary for particle acceleration depends on the metal material and the method of supplying the metal material (the material is supplied from the melting furnace at a temperature sufficiently high above the melting point, or the material is wired.
• the nozzle length is adjusted by changing the number of connected ring-shaped parts, because it varies depending on the power supplied in this form and arc melting, or also depending on the gas flow velocity in the nozzle.
• the nozzle length is an important parameter because it is related to the yield and porosity that adheres in thermal spraying, and the yield and density that accumulates in spray forming and 3D modeling.
• the nozzle length can be adjusted by a simple method of changing the number of connected ring-shaped parts, so that the nozzle length can be changed without remanufacturing the entire nozzle 2. Is possible.
• the force required to disassemble and clean the nozzle 2 after the atomization work is ensured because the ring-shaped parts 2a to 3 ⁇ 4 of this embodiment are configured so that fingers can reach any part. Can be performed easily and the time required for maintenance can be greatly reduced.
• the velocity of the gas flow can be expressed by the Mach number obtained by dividing the flow velocity by the velocity of sound and making it dimensionless.
• the flow velocity is expressed using the Mach number M. explain.
• Both the mainstream gas Gs injected into the nozzle 2 through the throat section 4 shown in Fig. 1 and the shield gas SGs injected into the nozzle 2 through each slit T are pressure (static pressure) in the nozzle 2. ) Expands until balanced. In the case of supersonic flow, the force that causes the pressure wave to be reflected in a complex manner within the nozzle 2 is ignored.
• the shield gas SGs is divided by drilling the shield gas supply passage 6 from the upstream side of the ring-shaped part 2a through the ring-shaped parts 2a to 2i from the upstream side. do it.
• Fig. 4 is a model of the gas flow in the nozzle.
• the number of ring-shaped parts connected is six, and the slits are T1 to T5.
• the nozzle for maintaining a constant Mach number is a long nozzle composed of a substantially straight pipe represented by GO, whereas in the acceleration nozzle of the present invention, the shielding gas SGs is set to G1 to G5. As shown in Fig. 4, the nozzle inner wall surface can be moved stepwise away from the nozzle center axis, which is effective in preventing particle adhesion.
• the area ratio between the narrowest part and the outlet should be equal for the throat part 4 and the slits T1 to T5.
• Fig. 6 representatively shows the velocity vector of the mainstream gas Gs and the shielding gas SGs injected from the slit T formed at the connecting portion of the ring-shaped part 2a and the ring-shaped part 2b.
• the shielding gas SGs flows in parallel with the mainstream gas Gs, and the flow velocity is substantially the same.
• 7 to 12 are principle diagrams showing other embodiments of the acceleration nozzle according to the present invention.
• the acceleration nozzle 20 shown in FIG. 7 is a wire guide 22 for supplying a wire as a thermal spray material in the vicinity of the upstream side of the throat portion 21d formed in the ring-shaped component 21a arranged on the most upstream side. 23, and wires 24 and 25 that serve as anode and cathode electrodes are supplied into the nozzle 26 through these wire guides 22 and 23, and are melted on the upstream side of the throat portion 21d. .
• the ring-shaped member 31a disposed on the most upstream side is made of ceramics, and wire guides 3 and 33 for supplying a wire as a thermal spray material to the ring-shaped member 31a.
• the wires 34 and 35 that serve as the anode and cathode electrodes that pass through these wire guides 32 and 33 are supplied into the nozzle 36 and melted downstream of the throat 31d. It is.
• FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show a modification of the acceleration nozzle 30 shown in FIG.
• the acceleration nozzle 37 shown in Fig. 9 narrows the nozzle hole upstream of the arc point (for example, assuming that the hole diameter of the throat portion 31d shown in Fig. 8 is 3.5mm, the hole diameter of the throat portion 31f is ⁇ 1. It is designed to accelerate the airflow flowing through the nozzle to subsonic speed by reducing it to 3mm.
• the acceleration nozzle 38 shown in FIG. 10 has a small diameter nozzle passage 31 ⁇ (1.3 mm) up to the vicinity of the upstream side of the arc point so as to inject subsonic airflow in the vicinity of the arc point. It is a thing.
• the arc is blown away by the supersonic air flow, or the wires 34 and 35 are made of a relatively soft material such as A1 and receive the supersonic air flow. It has the effect of stabilizing the arc when it becomes unstable due to vibration.
• the subsonic air flow is brought close to the arc point. Since the injection can be performed, the arc can be stabilized more than the acceleration nozzle 37 of FIG.
• the force S can be achieved to realize a narrow and high energy density spray.
• the ring-shaped member 41a arranged on the most upstream side is made of ceramics, and supplied to the ring-shaped member 41a from the wire guide through the nozzle throat portion 41d.
• the fixed electrodes 43 and 44 for arc melting with the wire 42 are arranged.
• the acceleration nozzle 50 shown in FIG. 12 has a nozzle 52 composed of ring-shaped members 51a to 51c arranged in the vertical direction, and serves as a means for supplying a metal material into the nozzle 52.
• a melt nozzle 53 for supplying a melt through 51d is provided.
• nozzle 13 has a nozzle 62 composed of ring-shaped members 61a to 61c arranged in the horizontal direction, and serves as a means for supplying a metal material into the nozzle 62 as a throat portion 61d.
• the molten metal nozzle 63 is inserted through the ring-shaped member 61b disposed in the vicinity of the downstream side of the gas from the direction substantially perpendicular to the flow of the mainstream gas Gs (downward), and from the molten nozzle 63 to the high speed in the nozzle 62 The molten metal is supplied to the gas flow.
• acceleration nozzle is not limited to being arranged in the vertical and horizontal orientations described above, but may be arranged in an inclined posture.
• Zn has a low melting point (692.7 K)
• the gas pressure was 1.2 MPa and the gas temperature was room temperature.
• Fig. 10 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the entire injection nozzle device 10
• Fig. 10 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the front view thereof.
• the injection nozzle device 10 is provided with a main body 11 and a projection protruding from the main body 11. Noznore 12 is available.
• a gas passage 13 for flowing the mainstream gas Gs toward the nozzle 12 is formed.
• the gas passage 13 has a tapered shape toward the downstream side when viewed from the plane, and communicates with a gas supply passage 13a for supplying gas from the left-right direction.
• a pair of wire guides 14 and 14 are disposed in the gas passage 13 at an acute angle (toward the downstream side), and the wires 15 and 15 fed from these wire guides 14 and 14 are ring-shaped. Through the guide hole formed in the shaped part 12a, it protrudes into the nozzle part 12, and the protruding tips contact each other on the downstream side of the throat part 12m.
• the ends of the wires 15, 15 serve as both an anode and a cathode, and are arc-melted by the addition of electric charge.
• the nozzle 12 is configured by connecting a plurality of ring-shaped parts 12a to 12k in the nozzle central axis direction.
• FIG. 15 shows the configuration of the ring-shaped part 12a constituting the base end of the nozzle 12.
• FIG. 15 (a) is a plan sectional view
• FIG. 15 (b) is a right side view
• FIG. Figure (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE in Figure 15 (b).
• a gas flow path 12 ⁇ through which the mainstream gas Gs flows is formed at the center of the ring-shaped part 12a, and a throat portion 12m is formed in the middle of the gas flow path 12 ⁇ .
• a concave groove 12r is formed around the gas flow deflecting portion 12q in an annular shape, and a larger diameter than the concave groove 12r is formed between the concave groove 12r and the downstream end surface 12s of the ring-shaped part.
• the engaged recess 12t is formed in an annular shape.
• shield gas supply passages 12u for supplying the shield gas SGs are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference in the concave groove 12r, and the sheathed gas SGs supplied from each shield gas supply passage 12u. Is joined at the concave groove 12r to form a cylindrical flow along the outer wall of the gas flow deflector 12r (see shield gas flow SGs in FIG. 15 (c)).
• FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the ring-shaped component 12b connected to the downstream side of the ring-shaped component 12a.
• FIG. 16 (a) is a plan sectional view
• FIG. 16 (b) is a right side view. It is.
• the ring-shaped parts 12b to l3 ⁇ 4 are basically the same except that the inner diameter of the gas flow path 12 ⁇ is sequentially expanded, the ring-shaped parts 12b are representative of those. The configuration will be described.
• a cylindrical engaging convex portion 12x is formed at the center of the upstream end face 12w of the ring-shaped component 12b.
• the engaging convex portion 12x is connected to the engaging concave portion 12t of the ring-shaped component 12a. It comes to fit.
• the inner diameter d2 of the gas flow path 12 ⁇ in the ring-shaped part 12b is greater than the outer diameter dl in the gas flow deflection section 12q of the ring-shaped part 12a.
• annular groove 12y An O-ring as a sealing material is attached to the annular groove 12y.
• 12q ′ is a gas flow deflecting portion
• 12 is an annular concave groove
• 121 ′ is an engaging concave portion into which an engaging convex portion of a ring-shaped component connected further downstream is fitted.
• FIG. 17 shows the configuration of the ring-shaped part 12k arranged at the tip of the nozzle 12.
• (A) is a plan sectional view
• (b) is a right side view.
• the ring-shaped part 12k has a gas flow path 12 ⁇ formed at the center thereof, and an engaging convex part 12 formed on the upstream end face 12.
• the inner diameter d of the gas flow path 12 ⁇ expanded stepwise from the ring-shaped part 12a is finally the inner diameter of the ring-shaped part 12k, which is 15 mm in this embodiment.
• Ti has a high melting point (1953K), so if the particles get too cold, it will not accelerate to about 700m / s, and the surface will not melt and adhere with heat due to the plastic deformation heat at the time of collision! / ,.
• the gas pressure required to accelerate these particles will exceed 50 MPa in the case of air. Therefore, use a short nozzle to prevent particles from getting too cold during Ti spraying.
• the gas pressure was 1.8 MPa and the gas temperature was room temperature.
• Fig. 18 (a) is an overall plan view of the injection nozzle device 10 ', and Fig. 18 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the front view thereof.
• the injection nozzle device 10 is protruded from the main body portion 16 and the main body portion 16. And a nozzle portion 17 provided.
• a gas passage 18 for flowing mainstream gas toward the nozzle portion 17 is formed in the main body portion 16, and a gas supply passage 18a for supplying gas from the left and right directions to the gas passage 18 is provided. Is formed.
• a pair of wire guides 19 and 19 are disposed at an acute angle in the gas passage 18, and the wires 19a and 19a fed from the wire guides 19 and 19 are formed in the ring-shaped part 12a. After passing through the guide hole, it protrudes into the nozzle portion 17, and the protruding tips come into contact with each other on the downstream side of the throat portion 17i!
• the nozzle portion 17 is configured by connecting the ring-shaped components 17a to 17h in the cylinder axis direction, and the shield gas from the slits formed in the connecting portions of the ring-shaped components 17a to 17h. SGs is injected into the nozzle 17 in parallel with the flow of the mainstream gas Gs.
• thermal spraying material Zn and Ti are explained as examples of the thermal spraying material.
• metals / alloys such as Al, Cu, SUS steel, ceramics, cermet, etc. should be used as the thermal spraying material.
• a plurality of ring-shaped parts having the same thickness can be connected, and the parts that have different thicknesses can be connected together.
• the nozzle may be constituted by a divergent nozzle that continuously expands with a force constituted by a divergent nozzle whose inner diameter gradually increases from the throat portion toward the nozzle outlet.
• the shielding gas is injected toward the downstream side substantially parallel to the nozzle central axis.
• the graph shown in Fig. 19 compares the thermal spray performance when different thermal spray materials are used.
• the graph (a) shows the density of the coating formed by thermal spraying, and the graph (b) shows the yield of the coating. Each of them is shown.
• the thermal spray materials used as test pieces are Al, Cu, Ti, and SUS304.
• the nozzle length was adjusted for each thermal spray material by changing the number of ring-shaped parts connected. Specifically, for thermal spray materials with low melting points, long nozzles that emphasize acceleration For example, for Al and Cu, a 200 mm long nozzle was used. On the other hand, it is a spray material with a high melting point! / The particles are too cold! / Short as short! / Zozul, such as Ti! / 40mm
• the coating density obtained with each thermal spray material was as high as 90 to 94%, and a good film formation state was confirmed.
• the nozzle length was changed in the range of 40 to 200 mm, and the film yield was examined. As a result, it was confirmed that the yield decreased for each sprayed material as the nozzle length increased. This is thought to be because if the particles in flight are too cold, they adhere to the substrate.
• a yield of about 40% can be obtained even with a nozzle length of 200 mm.
• a yield of about 15% for Cu, 5 to 10% for SUS304 and Ti, and a yield of about 10% cannot be obtained. Therefore, when using a material with a low melting point for the thermal spray material, it is possible to use a nozzle with a length of up to 200 mm.
• the upper limit of the nozzle length is set to 70 mm or less. It is preferable to do. More preferably, it is about 40 mm.
• the graph shown in Fig. 20 shows an EPM of a Ti sprayed coating formed using a 40 mm long nozzle.
• Ti is detected as an element of the thermal spray coating, as shown by the component force from the graph.
• N and C were also detected in very small amounts, but N was detected as nitrogen as the carrier gas, and C was detected as a resin for molding the test piece. It can be ignored.
• Cold spray is a method in which a thermal spray gas powder having a temperature lower than the melting point of the thermal spray material is injected with the powder thermal spray material, and the thermal spray material collides with the substrate in the solid state to form a coating. Is the law.
• thermal spraying material metal, alloy, cermet, ceramics, etc.
• particle size of the thermal spray material can generally be as follows;
• an injection nozzle device 70 for cold spray mainly includes a main body 71 and an acceleration nozzle 72 connected to the tip of the main body 71.
• the main body 71 has a hollow chamber 71a, and a tapered portion 71b is formed on the front side in the spray direction of the hollow chamber 71a.
• the hollow chamber 71a communicates with a first supply hole 71c for supplying high-pressure gas and a second supply hole 71d for supplying high-pressure gas and powder, and each high-pressure gas has a common gas source ( Nitrogen, helium, air, etc.)
• the configuration of the acceleration nozzle 72 is basically the same as the configuration of the acceleration nozzle 1 shown in FIG. 1, and a cylindrical shield gas is formed around the sprayed material flying in the nozzle. It is structured so that it can be driven by force S!
• the high-pressure gas containing the thermal spray material supplied through the supply hole 71d merges in the hollow chamber 71a and passes through the tapered portion 71b to become supersonic flow.
• each slit T of each ring-shaped part 72a to 72k constituting the accelerating nozzle 72 gas is sequentially ejected along its inner wall to form a substantially cylindrical gas flow.
• the thermal spray material flying in the acceleration nozzle 72 is shielded by a gas flow that flows in a substantially cylindrical shape.
• the sprayed material sprayed from the main body 71 at supersonic speed is accelerated without contacting the inner wall of the acceleration nozzle 72, that is, without being deposited on the inner wall, and collides with the base material. A film is formed.
• the injection nozzle device 70 for example, it is possible to perform partial application only aiming at a necessary range of parts, and it is possible to form a dense film.
• FIG. 22 shows a configuration when the acceleration nozzle of the present invention is applied to high-speed flame spraying.
• the spray gun 80 of the high-speed flame spraying device is connected to the combustion chamber 80a. It has the power of Zunole 80b and Norenole 80c.
• Fuel and oxygen are mixed and ignited in the combustion chamber 80a, and a combustion flame (frame) is generated.
• This combustion flame is once squeezed by the throat part 80d formed in the nozzle part 80b, thereby causing a high-speed flow. And pass through the barrel 80c.
• the acceleration nozzle 81 having basically the same configuration as that of the acceleration nozzle 1 shown in FIG. 1 is connected.
• the acceleration nozzle of the present invention is not limited to the above-described high-speed flame spraying, and can be connected to a subsequent stage of a thermal spraying apparatus that melts particles with a high-temperature gas such as plasma spraying. It is possible to eliminate the adhesion of particles to the inner wall of the nozzle by maintaining the acceleration at this point.
• reference numeral 82 denotes thermal spray particles
• 83 denotes a base material
• 84 denotes a thermal spray coating deposited on the base material 83.
• FIG. 23 shows a configuration in which the acceleration nozzle of the present invention is applied to a pulverizing apparatus for producing metal powder by refining a molten metal flow.
• the atomizer 90 is housed in a housing 92 disposed below the melting furnace 91.
• the atomizer 90 includes a hollow annular portion 90a and a support extending in the diameter direction from the outer peripheral wall.
• One support 90c is hollow and communicates with the annular portion 90a to function as a high-pressure gas supply path! /.
• the supports 90b and 90c are adapted to rotate around their axes, thereby
• the annular portion 90a can be swung in the thickness direction of the paper.
• an acceleration nozzle 93 On the bottom surface of the annular portion 90a, an acceleration nozzle 93 having basically the same configuration as that of the acceleration nozzle 1 shown in FIG.
• the high-pressure gas supplied to the annular portion 90a through the support 90c is also injected from the slits T of the ring components 93a to 93h of the injection nozzle device 93.
• the atomization apparatus 90 is a melting furnace.
• the atomized particles are further accelerated by the high-pressure gas injected from the slit T when passing through the acceleration nozzle 93, and the collision speed of colliding with the base material is increased.
• the density of the billet formed by the deposition of particles on the substrate is almost proportional to the collision speed of the particles, the density of the billet can be increased by adding the acceleration nozzle 93 that can accelerate the particles. Can form high billets and billets.
• Figure 24 shows a water experiment model configured to measure the velocity and velocity distribution of particles flying in the acceleration nozzle.
• 96 is a water tank 91 'nozure which drooped.
• the hollow annular portion 90a 'force also supplied high pressure gas.
• the water experiment model shown in Fig. 24 is an arrangement in which the atomizer shown in Fig. 23 is viewed from the high-pressure gas supply direction. Therefore, the acceleration nozzle 93 'swings in the left-right direction.
• the graph shown in FIG. 25 is obtained by measuring the particle velocity distribution in the direction orthogonal to the spray direction using the water experimental model.
• the horizontal axis indicates the distance from the spray center S, and the vertical axis indicates the particle velocity! /. Note that the hole diameter of the nozzle outlet of the acceleration nozzle 93 ′ used in this water experimental model is ⁇ 16 mm.
• the characteristic Ml is the measured nozzle velocity at a distance of 25 mm from the nozzle outlet force.
• the particle velocity is fast (350 m / s) at the spray periphery near the nozzle inner wall, and at the spray center.
• a velocity distribution was obtained in which the particle velocity was slow (250 m / s). This is considered to be a delay caused by having to accelerate while sucking atmospheric gas in the center of the spray.
• Characteristic M2 is a measurement of the particle velocity at a distance of 250 mm from the nozzle outlet. The particle velocity at the spray center is accelerated compared to the characteristic Ml, while the spray periphery is from the spray center. As the distance increases, so does the particle velocity.
• Characteristic M3 is obtained by measuring the particle velocity at a distance of 550 mm from the nozzle outlet. Compared to the above characteristic M2, the particle velocity at the center of the spray is slightly attenuated, and the spray further spreads out.
• the graph shown in Fig. 26 is obtained by measuring the particle velocity distribution in the spray direction.
• the horizontal axis represents the spray height
• the left vertical axis represents the particle velocity
• the right vertical axis represents the particle diameter.
• Characteristic N1 is a measurement of the change in particle velocity in the spray height range of 60 to 1250 mm. Since the particle is being accelerated up to a spray height of about 300 mm, the velocity increases to about 310 m / s. After that, it gradually attenuates.
• the particle size is stable at around 21 ⁇ m up to a spray height of 500 mm, but the particle size tends to increase slightly when the spray height exceeds 500 mm. This is presumably due to the coalescence of flying particles.
• the acceleration nozzle of the present invention can be used for painting in an IJ.
• the accelerating nozzle of the present invention can be widely applied to all fields such as fine powder production, spray forming, thermal spraying, film formation, three-dimensional modeling, and painting. Touch with force S.
• the cylindrical acceleration nozzle has been described as an example.
• the acceleration nozzle is not limited to the cylindrical shape described above.
• the rectangular tube nozzle 100 may be connected.
• the opening shape of the nozzle hole 100e may be a flat rectangle or a square.
• 100f is a throat part.
• the present invention can be used in an acceleration nozzle and an injection nozzle apparatus including the acceleration nozzle.

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• 2007
  • 2007-02-02 JP JP2007024715A patent/JP4268193B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-08-21 WO PCT/JP2007/066199 patent/WO2008026479A1/ja not_active Ceased
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