WO2008014913A1

WO2008014913A1 - Spreading device for use in winter

Info

Publication number: WO2008014913A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/006611
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dieter Wurz; Paul Rosenstihl
Original assignee: Küpper-Weisser GmbH
Priority date: 2006-08-01
Filing date: 2007-07-25
Publication date: 2008-02-07
Also published as: EP1887144B1; EP1887144A1; EP2052114A1; EP2052114B1; DE502006006111D1; ATE457388T1; WO2008014913A8

Abstract

Turbulence (9) in the wake of a salt or sand-spreading truck (1), caused by the airflow around the truck on the top (20) and/or sides (7) and/or bottom (23), which negatively affects the spreading pattern, is reduced by means of various baffles which divert or split the air flow and which generate an area of air flow which runs essentially parallel to the rotational plane of the disk spreader and forms a protective field around the material ejected by the disk spreader (10) and being spread in a fan pattern.

Description

Winter gritting equipment

The invention relates to a scattering vehicle, in particular winter service scattering vehicle, comprising a spreader with a grit container and a spreader, which has a spreading disc rotating about a substantially vertical axis for the fan-like spreading of grit from the grit container.

Winter service spreaders of this type are usually set up so that they are able to disperse both so-called blunting grit - namely sand or SpHt - as well as detergents - especially salts - in a dry or moistened state by means of the spreading plate. In this case, road salt is often moistened before or during the scattering process with a dosed added liquid, the so-called brine, so it adheres better on the traffic areas and both during and after the scattering by the natural wind or the wind of the scattering vehicle or other vehicles much less Danger is exposed to being blown away. There are also liquid spreader, in which by means of the spreading plate only liquids are discharged.

For a long time, the quality of spreaders was evaluated and optimized as part of a standstill trial. During the standstill test, the scatter pattern is observed behind a stationary vehicle. Such tests ignore the influence of the wind, which at high speeds causes even very large swirling and wandering effects, even with moistened spreading material. Therefore, the spread pattern is now being investigated behind a moving littering vehicle, with top speeds of more than 60 km / h being considered for use on motorways. While in the head wind follower of the scattering vehicle already at speeds below 40 km / h vortex form, which according to the theory of Kärmän vortex street alternately on the Detaching the left and right sides from the end of the vehicle and sweeping large aerodynamic brooms behind the vehicle from left to right or from right to left across the road and significantly reducing the uniform spreading material output, due to the correspondingly high Reynolds speed at higher speeds. Figures on a transition from a regular vortex street to a turbulent wake with irregular vortexes, which are very coarse-scaled and particularly energy-rich.

In DE 33 25940 C1, it was proposed in 1983 to dispose of the Verwirbelungs- and Verwehungseffekte at fast-moving gritting vehicles above the spreader Fahrtwindleitflächen that detect the lateral and / or upper wind and so directed down to the scattering disc generated by the spreading disc, that that the litter expensive fan-shaped leaving material during its flight is pressed by the directed from top to bottom air flow directly on the traffic area to be spread. The Fahrtwindleitfläche may be formed as a flat or curved, from top front to back bottom inclined wall, as a hood-like wind tunnel or a shell-shaped hood with down-constricting shape.

However, the downwardly directed air flow also influences the trajectory of the scattering material and thereby the scattering pattern that forms on the road surface, whereby this influence alters both with increasing travel speed due to the resulting increased airstream speed and with different types of scattering. An automatic control of the Fahrtwindleitflächen-positioning for adjusting the acting from the top of the grit fan wind to different speeds and to be discharged Streustoffarten is very complex. It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose measures to eliminate as far as possible the swirling and drifting effects which are detrimental to the homogeneity of the scattering pattern and which occur as a result of the driving wind in the wake of a scattering vehicle.

This object is achieved by a spreading vehicle with the features of claim 1. In dependent claims advantageous Ausgest- and developments of the invention are given.

According to a first measure for reducing the Verwirbelungs- and Verwehungseffekte the spreader is equipped with a device by means of a to the spreading plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow can be generated. For this purpose, first "upper" wind, that is to say the wind from above the grit container, is directed downwards in the direction of the spreading plate by means of an "upper" guide element. As the upper guide element can serve for example a Fahrtwindleitelement, as is basically known from the aforementioned DE 33 25 940 Cl. The upper airstream guided in the direction of the spreading plate is then diverted into the air flow parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane. It is intended to protect the grit compartments in particular from above-acting, but also from laterally acting air currents. This is preferably achieved when the diverted, parallel air flow corresponds approximately to the driving speed of the scattering vehicle. Then the disturbance exerted by the scattering vehicle on the surrounding air would have subsided immediately behind its rear and the ambient condition prevailed there again. The scattering plate would thus in this ideal case eject under real conditions grit in still ambient air. A difference to Standstill attempt exists in that the spreading plate is not stationary relative to the road surface, but is moved at vehicle speed.

A first variant for diverting the guided toward the scattering plate airstream provides a deflecting element, which is arranged so that at least a portion of the scattering plate zuleiteiteten upper airstream is deflected at about the height of the scattering plate in a direction of spreading plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow. The parallel air flow preferably also covers the area above and below the spreading plate or may also be restricted to the area above and the area below the spreading plate.

A clear effect can already be established if the parallel air flow generated by the deflecting element in the area of the spreading plate has a flow velocity which is within a tolerance range of ± 50%, preferably ± 30% of the vehicle driving speed (at a spreading vehicle running at 60 km / h ) lies.

According to a second variant, a substantially horizontal guide element, for example a baffle, is provided for diverting the upper airstream guided in the direction of the spreading plate into a substantially parallel air flow to the spreading plate rotation plane, which is arranged above the spreading plate in such a way that at least a part of the in the direction of the top airflow guided to the spreading plate from above meets the horizontal guiding element. In addition, such a horizontal guide element can also be provided below the spreading plate, wherein a guide element arranged below the spreading plate can only have comparatively small dimensions in order to avoid a collision with the scattering groove fan which is thrown off the spreading plate. On the other hand, the upper guide element can be extensively be formed and extend far back over the spreading plate. For example, the horizontal guide element may be formed as a semicircle or half ellipse with a diameter corresponding to the vehicle width or the grit container width and extend horizontally from the vehicle end to the rear.

By means of the horizontal guide element prevents the directed from above on the spreading plate upper airstream detected the grit fan. Instead, this air flow is discharged essentially horizontally via the horizontal guide element. This results in a plane of air substantially parallel to the scatter plate rotation plane above the grit fan.

The horizontal discharge of the air flow over the horizontal guide element can advantageously be supported by a curved or inclined deflection section on the vehicle-side end of the horizontal guide element. As a result, flow losses are reduced, so that a higher flow velocity can be achieved over the horizontal guide element. The greater the flow velocity, the better the scattered grit fan underneath is shielded against currents acting from above and from the side.

On the side facing away from the spreading plate side of the substantially horizontal guide element, ie on the substantially parallel air flow generating surface of the guide element, dissipation elements are preferably provided which decomposes the substantially parallel air flow into partial flows. As a result, flow structures acting in a direction transverse to the main flow direction are interrupted. As a result, the wake flow can be broken down into a multiplicity of small vortex braids, which disintegrate comparatively quickly and thus the spread pattern is minimized. influence. Advantageously, these dissipation elements are oriented approximately radially, so that the flow field is fanned out and the grit compartments are surrounded by a flow fan. The more perpendicular the redirected upper airstream flow strikes the horizontal guide element, the stronger is the stagnation effect on the horizontal guide element and the more uniformly is this flow redirected by the horizontal guide element in the radial direction, thereby already establishing a fan-like flow field.

The two above-mentioned variants for generating an essentially parallel to the Streutellerrota- air flow from the redirected upper airstream can be advantageously realized in combination by passing a portion of the redirected upper airflow from above to the horizontal guide element and is derived from this horizontally and a another part of the redirected upper airstream is led to below the horizontal guide element and is deflected there into a flow of air substantially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane.

The upper guide element may for example be tubular, so that the upper airstream is passed through the upper guide element, or shell-like, as is known for example from DE 3325940 Cl. By a reduced compared to the inlet cross-section outlet cross section, the effect of the upper guide element can be enhanced. In this way, the flow velocity of the parallel air flow, which adjusts in the region of the spreading plate, can be influenced within wide limits.

To reinforce the parallel air flow to be generated in the region of the spreading plate, one or more turbomachines may be provided be. In particular, such a turbomachine can serve to generate an air flow along the upper guide element. In principle, it is also possible to generate the parallel air flow solely by means of the turbomachine without the upper guide element, but optionally in combination with the horizontal guide element. Then the turbomachine is preferably arranged approximately in the direction of the spreading plate in the direction of travel in front of the spreading plate. In corresponding test series, it can be determined in each case with what power the turbomachine has to be operated at a predetermined driving speed in order to achieve the desired flow velocity of the parallel air flow in the area of the spreading disc.

As a very helpful to increase the redirected from the upper baffle upper air flow, a transversely oriented guide has been found, which scoops an air flow in the front region of the vehicle above the vehicle cab and selectively directed to the upper baffle. It has been shown that the flow velocity of the wind is immediately above the grit container comparatively low. With the help of the transversely oriented guide element above the cab, however, the upper guide element can be set comparatively low. The overall height of the vehicle can be kept lower, and also aesthetically makes a better impression.

Preferably, the guide element oriented transversely to the driver's cab is pivotable about a horizontal axis and / or adjustable in height in order to be able to adapt it to different spreading vehicles and different spreading material containers placed on the spreading vehicle. A lateral lining between the transversely oriented guide element above the driver's cab and the upper guide element for diverting the upper airstream may be conducive to the targeted supply of the air stream skimmed in the front region of the vehicle to the upper guide element.

According to a preferred embodiment, in the region of the upper guide element, a brine supply line for supplying brine may be provided in the upper airstream guided by the upper guide element. Similar to the devices for deicing aircraft wings before take-off, the sprayed brine, with a corresponding droplet size distribution, impinges on the horizontal guide element from above and migrates on the guide element as liquid film predominantly to the trailing edge of the guide element. As a result, icing of the horizontal guide element is prevented.

A wind deflector may be provided at the vehicle end in the direction of travel in front of the scattering plate for blocking vehicle under-floor wind. This is particularly advantageous in connection with the first variant described above, according to which at least part of the upper airstream is deflected into a parallel air flow at the level of the spreading plate. This parallel air flow can be kept more independent of undefined and usually turbulent air flows below the vehicle by means of the wind deflector. Accordingly, it is advantageous to extend the wind deflector substantially over the entire vehicle width. He should not reach to the ground. It is sufficient if the air flow flowing under the vehicle is significantly accelerated by the wind deflector. On the other hand, if the deflector reaches the ground, the entire air volume must be diverted from the upper airstream to flow around the spreader plate. This is difficult. In any case it is expedient to make the wind deflector adjustable at least in height, so as to be able to adapt it to optimum operating conditions and to different vehicle types individually.

According to an embodiment, which in turn can be combined as desired with the two aforementioned variants, it is provided to generate the air flow substantially parallel to the spreading plate plane by means of at least one nozzle, which in the direction of travel in front of the spreading plate approximately at the level of the spreading plate or alternatively above and / or below. For example, this nozzle can suck in and accelerate wind from underneath the vehicle and blow air flow over and / or under the grit fan compartments protecting the grit fan compartments. Particularly suitable is a flow device whose opening is located with a large cross-section in the direction of travel to detect ground-level wind, and whose smaller outlet opening is opposite to the direction of travel, the cross-section of the nozzle according to the geometry of a Laval nozzle preferably passes from the inlet to the outlet opening a minimum ,

According to a second measure, which can be advantageously combined with the first measure Fahrtwindleitflächen are provided at the rear in the direction of travel of the grit container, the Fahrtwindleitflächen on the right and left next to the grit container each comprise at least one lateral guide element, which are arranged such that they Detect lateral wind, then from its downstream ends to the rear, d. H. against the direction of travel, can flow.

The lateral airflow is not directed downwards onto the spreading fan, as is the case with the prior art described at the outset, but the lateral guide elements have primarily the function of to separate the airstream into partial flows. Experiments have shown that can be at least significantly reduce the spherical structures of the Nachlaufverwirbelungen in this way, making it possible to keep the homogeneity of the scattered scattered image despite increased speed approximately the same.

Preferably, the lateral guide elements deflect the lateral airflow toward the spreader or vehicle center. For this they can be wing-shaped. By deflecting the lateral airstream towards the center into the wake of the scattering vehicle, the width of the dead water area in the air flow behind the vehicle can be significantly reduced and, as a result, the size and energy of the eddy bales.

At least in the case of the lateral airstream to the center deflecting guide vanes, it is advisable to these just above the scattering plate and preferably down to the spreading plate reaching down form, as the deflected towards the center side airflow otherwise directly influenced by the scattering plate scattering fans. In the case of planar side vanes, however, it is quite appropriate to extend them as deep as possible to or under the spreading plate and also extend as long as possible behind the vehicle in order to achieve the least turbulent in the wake and only late swirling flow.

The two above-described measures can be developed advantageously by at least one vertical as a further Fahrtwindleitfläche

Guiding element is provided, which is arranged behind the vehicle approximately centrally to the grit container and aligned in the direction of travel. The vertical guide element can be arranged, for example, on the surface of the horizontal guide element facing away from the spreading plate. Especially In the direction of travel, the vertical guide element can extend far beyond the scattering plate and beyond the horizontal guide element. By means of the vertical guide element, the flow field can be stabilized behind the vehicle and avoid a pronounced vortex street.

In order to prevent the Fahrtwindleitflächen, be it the lateral guide elements, the upper guide element, the vertical guide element behind the vehicle, the transversely oriented guide element above the cab or the horizontal guide element above the spreading plate, freeze, are one or more of these Fahrtwindleitflächen heated. For this purpose, the Fahrtwindleitflächen may be formed as a hollow body, so that they are heated from the inside. In particular, the hollow body can be flowed through with a warm medium, wherein as the warm medium preferably the exhaust gases of the winter utility vehicle can be used. For this purpose, the hollow body can be directly or indirectly connected to the exhaust system of a winter maintenance vehicle.

Another way to avoid ice deposition is to pressurize the cavities at intervals with air pressure from the brake system. As a result, the surface expands so that ice deposits flake off. For this purpose, the guide elements made of a flexible material, for. As plastic, formed.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings

Drawings explained. Show:

Fig. 1 is a winter service scattering vehicle in side view with a

Spreader according to a first embodiment of the invention, 2 the winter service scattering vehicle from FIG. 1 in plan view,

Fig. 3 is a winter service scattering vehicle in perspective view to

An illustration of a variant of the first Ausführungsbei- game of FIG. 2, and

4 shows a schematic side view of a further exemplary embodiment with experimental measured values.

Fig. 1 and 2 show a scattering vehicle 1 according to a first embodiment in side view and in plan view. On a bed 2 a grit container 3 for the storage of grit 4 is mounted. Left and right of the vehicle end 5 are substantially vertically extending lateral guide elements 6 are attached. In the illustrated embodiment, the lateral guide elements 6 are formed as guide vanes (FIG. 2) in order to guide lateral travel wind 7 from the flanks 8 of the scattering vehicle 1 into the caster 9. The lateral guide elements 6 can be made jointly or individually adjustable to vary the skimming height and thus to make an adjustment to the crosswind situation.

The lateral guide elements 6 can also be designed as planar guide elements, for example in the form of guide plates, which are preferably aligned in alignment with the vehicle flank 8 and extend down to the horizontal guide plate 11. The lateral baffles 6 are then not used to exhaust the wind, but protect the diverted airstream 20 'and the scattering fan only from lateral influences by the lateral air stream 7 is divided by the side baffles 6 in part streams. The guide vanes 6 are designed as hollow bodies and are connected to an exhaust device of the winter maintenance vehicle (not shown) to flow through the guide vanes 6 to avoid icing with a warm medium. Alternatively, the hollow body can also be acted upon with compressed air, the z. B. is diverted briefly from the brake system. By the hollow body z. B. made of a plastic, the compressed air supply leads to an expansion of the hollow body profile and thus to a chipping of icing.

In addition to the lateral guide elements 6, a largely horizontal guide element 11 is installed in the form of a guide plate in this embodiment according to a first variant for generating a plane parallel to the Streutellerrotati- on the air flow above the spreading plate 10. As a result, the flow field 12 above the horizontal guide plate 11 is decoupled from a scattered from the spreading plate 10 grit fan below the horizontal baffle 11 in a respect to the baffle dimension - but not with respect to the baffle - short section. The flow field 12 flowing away from the trailing edge 14 of the horizontal guide plate 11 is substantially parallel to the plane of rotation of the spreading plate 10 and, accordingly, substantially parallel to the scattering groove trailed by the spreading plate 10. By means of fins, z. B. in the form of wedge-shaped dissipation elements 15, at the trailing edge 14 of the horizontal baffle 11 the flow field 12 flowing from the horizontal baffle 12 on the one hand also a fan-like structure and on the other hand, the flow field 12 is divided into partial streams 13, whereby the air pockets stabilized and his Distance effect is improved.

Furthermore, a transversely oriented guide element 25 (not shown in FIG. 2) is provided above the driver's cab in order to deflect an air flow there. scoop and deliver targeted to the upper guide element 19. The transversely oriented guide element 25 is pivotable about a horizontal axis and adjustable in height (not shown) in order to adapt it to different vehicle types and in particular different litter container attachments. Between the transversely oriented guide element 25 above the cab and the upper guide element 19, a side panel, not shown here, can be provided. At the vehicle end 5 above the grit container 3, a pivotable about a pivot axis 18 upper guide element 19 is provided (not shown in Figure 2), which is here similar to the above-described guide vanes 6 designed as a guide wing to upper

Forward wind 20 down to the horizontal baffle 11 to guide. The redirected airstream 20 'bounces from above onto the horizontal baffle 11 and flows therefrom in the radial direction away from the rear edge 14 of the horizontal baffle 11. Between the redirected airstream 20' and the vehicle end 5, a dead water zone is formed.

To stabilize the flow field 12 in the wake 9 of the vehicle 1, a vertical guide element 16 is further installed above the horizontal baffle 11, which is designed as a flat baffle and extends from the rear end of the grit container 3 to beyond the rear end of the horizontal baffle 11 addition , In the illustrated embodiment, the vertical baffle 16 is located centrally to the vehicle 1 and extends parallel to the vehicle longitudinal direction. However, the exact location and design of the vertical baffle 16 also depends on the location and design of the other spreader components, in particular the position of the hopper 10 leading downpipe 17. The position and shape of scattering plate 10 and downpipe 17 are therefore only in Fig. 2 shown schematically. As a result, the flow field 12 is significantly enhanced by the combination of the horizontal baffle 11 with the upper guide vanes 19, so in that a flow that protects the grit compartments and that is essentially parallel thereto adjusts itself. In particular, the vertical guide surface 16 has the function of attenuating a vortex road behind the vehicle by preventing the interaction of the shear layers separating at the vertical rear edges of the vehicle from each other and converting the two-sided vortex shedding into two one-sided detachments. As a result, on the one hand dissipates less energy and thus hampers the formation of large vertebrae. On the other hand, the vortex formation of the then smaller vertebrae is shifted further downstream overall.

In the area of the upper guide vane 19, a brine supply line, not shown, ends in a brine nozzle 24, by means of which brine is injected into the upper airstream 20 covered by the upper guide vane 19 in order to protect the horizontal baffle 11 from icing.

At about the same location where the brine nozzle 24 is located, a turbomachine may be provided to create an air flow along the upper vane 19. The turbomachine may e.g. be designed as a simple blower or as a roller blower or as a turbine.

The upper guide wing 19 is in turn hollow in order to be able to flow through it in a manner not shown by means of a warm medium and to be able to protect it from icing, in particular when flowing with exhaust gases of the scattering vehicle 1.

The pivot axis 18 serves primarily to be able to pivot the upper guide vanes 19 from the grit container 3 to the rear in order to refill the grit container 3, for example, or to remove it from the loading surface 2 to be able to. However, this pivotal arrangement also allows a relatively simple variation of the flow direction above the horizontal baffle 11, which may be advantageous for adaptation to the spreading condition. The connecting struts between the pivot axis 18 and the guide wing 19 may be designed as additional lateral guide vanes.

Fig. 3 shows a variant of the upper guide element, which is not designed here as a guide wing 19 but as a guide tube 21. In particular, the inlet cross section to increase the flow velocity may be greater than the outlet cross section. Incidentally, the scattering vehicle shown in perspective in FIG. 3 does not differ from the scattering vehicle shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, even though FIG. 3 omits the illustration of the remaining components of the spreader.

Figure 4 shows schematically in side view a second embodiment of a scattering vehicle, in which a second variant for generating a plane of rotation of the scattering plate 10 is shown substantially parallel flow. The dimensions of a 1:10 scale littering vehicle tested in the wind tunnel are shown simultaneously with the determined flow velocities in different measurement levels ME1 to ME5.

According to this second variant, the guide element 25, which is oriented transversely over the driver's cab, leads a two-part upper guide element 19. A first part 19b of the upper guide element 19 directs a part of the upper drive wind from above onto the horizontal guide element 11 above the spreading plate and, not shown a second part 19a of the upper guide element 19 leads a second part of the upper airstream to below the horizontal guide element 11 up to the height of the spreading plate, not shown. For this purpose, the second part of the upper airstream is deflected at the height of the spreading plate by means of a deflecting plate 19c in a substantially horizontal flow. The baffle 19c serves as a wind deflector against underbody air currents. You could extend it even deeper.

Alternatively, the entire upper airstream could be diverted into a parallel air flow flowing around the spreading plate. In this case, if necessary, can be dispensed with the horizontal guide plate 11. Also, the vertical baffle 16 is only optional. Both baffles 11 and 16 are useful to protect the spreading plate from external flow influences.

The dimensions given in FIG. 4 were taken from the experimental model and are given in millimeters. The flow velocities are given in m / s and were measured at different measurement levels MEl to ME5. In a flow of the experimental model at a speed of 11.25 m / s, a flow velocity of 12.5 m / s was measured below the horizontal guide element 11 in the region of the spreading plate, that is at the measuring plane ME4, at the height of the scattering plate. By varying the dimensioning of the numerous components of the overall system, these values can be further optimized, with the ideal result being achieved if a flow speed corresponding to the travel speed is achieved in the area of the spreading plate.

FIG. 1 also shows an embodiment for producing the flow which is essentially parallel to the plane of rotation of the spreading plate 10. Accordingly, at least one nozzle 22, here in the manner of a Laval nozzle, provided below the loading surface 2, which with their in the direction of travel detected large inlet opening near the bottom wind 23 and passes through their narrowing to the smaller outlet opening, from where it flows around the spreading plate 10 in a substantially horizontal direction, in order to lay a protective air flow around the grit compartments. Alternatively, the nozzle 22 can be positioned below and / or in particular above the spreading plate 10. It may, but need not, be combined with the above-described components of the spreader, that is to say in particular the horizontal guide element 11, the upper guide elements 19, 21 and / or the lateral guide elements 6. It can also be replaced or supplemented by one or more turbomachines.

Claims

Patent claims

1. scattering vehicle (1), comprising a spreader with a grit container (3) and a scattering device (10, 17), which rotates about a substantially vertical axis scattering plate (10) for fan-like spreading of grit (4) from the Grit container (3) has, wherein an upper guide element (19; 21) is provided, which upper air flow from above the grit container (3) down in the direction of the spreading plate (10) passes, characterized by means for redirecting the towards the spreading plate guided upper airstream in a direction of the scattering plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow (12).

2. scatter vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for diverting the guided in the direction of the spreading plate upper

Fahrtwinds in an essentially parallel to the Streutellerrotationsebene air flow comprises a deflection, which is arranged to deflect at least a portion of the scattering plate upper air flow in a scattering plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow below, above and / or preferably at the level of the spreading plate (10).

3. scattering vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the flow velocity of the deflected by the deflecting parallel air flow in the region of the spreading disc approximately corresponds to the driving speed of the scattering vehicle with a tolerance range of 30% at a driving speed of 60 km / h.

4. scattering vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for diverting the guided in the direction of the spreading plate upper air flow in a direction of the scattering plate plane substantially parallel air flow comprises a substantially horizontal guide element (11), which so over the scattering plate (10) is arranged so that at least a portion of the guided in the direction of the spreading plate upper airstream from above on the horizontal guide element (11) and kept away from the spreading plate (10) by the horizontal guide element (11).

5. scattering vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that the horizontal guide element (11) at its end fahrzeugsei a curved or inclined deflection to support the deflection of the guided in the direction of the spreading plate upper air flow in a scattering plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow (12) has.

6. scattering vehicle according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that on the side facing away from the spreading plate (10) side of the substantially horizontal guide element (11) dissipation elements (15) are hen, which the substantially parallel air flow (12) disassemble into partial streams (13).

7. Scatter truck according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the means for diverting the guided in the direction of the Streutel- ler upper air flow in a direction of the scattering plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow (12) is arranged so that to be generated in the Substantially parallel air flow forms as fan-shaped flow field.

8. scattering vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the upper guide element (21) is formed as a flat or curved, from top front to back bottom inclined wall or a shell-shaped hood with downwardly constricting shape.

9. scatter vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the upper guide element (21) like a tube, in particular as hood-like wind tunnel, is formed so that the upper air flow (20) is passed through the guide element (21).

10. scattering vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that the tubular upper guide element (21) has a reduced compared to the inlet cross-section outlet cross-section.

11. Scattering vehicle, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a spreader with a grit container (3) and a spreader (10, 17), which rotates about a substantially vertical axis scattering plate (10) for the fan-like spreading of grit ( 4) from the grit container (3), characterized by at least one turbomachine for producing an air flow (12) substantially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane or at least for amplifying the parallel air flow (12) to be generated.

12. scatter vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that the turbomachine is arranged so that thus an air flow along the upper guide element (19, 21) can be generated.

13. scatter vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by a transversely oriented guide element (25) in the front region of the Vehicle above the vehicle cab, which specifically the skimmed air stream there the upper guide element (19, 21) zuleitet.

14 scattering vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that the transversely oriented guide element (25) is pivotable about a horizontal axis and / or adjustable in height.

15. Spreading vehicle according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by a lateral lining between the transversely oriented and the upper guide element (19, 21).

16. scatter vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by a brine supply line in the region of the upper guide element (19) for supplying brine in the upper guide element (19) deflected upper airstream (20; 20 ').

17. scatter vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by a wind deflector (19 c) at the vehicle end in the direction of travel in front of the scattering plate (10) for blocking vehicle underbody wind.

18. Scattering vehicle according to claim 17, characterized in that the wind deflector (19c) extends substantially over the entire vehicle width.

19. Spreading vehicle according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the wind deflector (19c) is adjustable at least in height.

20. Spreading vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by a nozzle (22), which in the direction of travel in front of the spreading plate (10) in Height of the scattering plate or alternatively above and / or below it is arranged and at least one air flow generated parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane.

21. Spreading vehicle according to claim 20, characterized in that the nozzle (22) comprises an inlet opening in the direction of travel with a first cross section for the entry near the bottom wind (23) and an outlet opening opposite to the direction of travel with a smaller second cross section on the other hand.

22. Spreading vehicle according to claim 21, characterized in that the cross section of the nozzle (22) from the inlet to the outlet opening passes through a minimum.

23. Spreading vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized by at least one vertical airstream guide element (16) which is arranged behind the vehicle center to the grit container (3) and aligned in the direction of travel to stabilize an air flow field behind the vehicle.

24. scatter vehicle according to claim 23, characterized in that the vertical guide element (16) seen in the direction of travel extends beyond the scattering plate (10) and, as far as dependent on claim 4, preferably on the horizontal guide element (11) addition.

25 scattering vehicle (1), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 24, comprising a spreader with a grit container (3), a spreader (10, 17), which rotates about a substantially vertical axis scattering plate (10) for fan-like spreading of spreading material (4) from the Grit container (3) has, and Fahrtwindleitflächen (6) at the rear in the direction of travel (5) of the scattering vehicle (1) or grit container (3) to drive wind from the side next to (7) the grit container (3) to detect, characterized that the Fahrtwindleitflächen right and left of the grit container (3) each comprise at least one lateral guide element (6) which is arranged such that lateral airstream (7) is divided into partial streams and the partial flows from the downstream end of the lateral guide element (6) not after but down to the back.

26. Scattering vehicle according to claim 25, characterized in that the lateral guide elements (6) deflect lateral wind (7) towards the center of the spreader.

27. Spreading vehicle according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the lateral guide elements (6) above the spreading plate (10) are arranged.

28 scattering vehicle according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the lateral guide elements (6) are designed to be common or individually adjustable.

29. Spreading vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that one or more of the guide elements are heated.

30. Spreading vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that one or more of the guide elements are designed as hollow bodies.

31 scattering vehicle according to claim 30, characterized in that the hollow body can be flowed through with a warm medium.

32. The scatter vehicle according to claim 31, characterized in that the hollow body is set up to be coupled to the exhaust device of the scatter vehicle in order to flow exhaust gas through the hollow body.

33. Spreading vehicle according to one of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the hollow body is manufactured at least in one section from a flexible material, in particular plastic, and comprises a compressed air connection in order to be able to introduce compressed air into the hollow body.

34. Spreading vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that it is a winter service spreading vehicle.