EP1887144A1 - Spreading device for servicing of roads in winter - Google Patents

Abstract

Scattering vehicle (1) comprises air stream deflecting surfaces with a lateral deflecting element (6) on the right and left of a scattering material container (3) so that the air stream (7) is deflected into partial streams which flow from the end of the deflecting element not downward to a scattering plate (10) but backward. Preferred Features: The guiding elements deviate the lateral air stream to the center of the scattering material and are arranged above the scattering plate.

Description

The invention relates to a spreader for or on a scattering vehicle and equipped with the spreader Winterdienst-Streufahrzeug, the spreader comprises a grit container and a spreader having a rotating about a substantially vertical axis scattering plate for fan-like spreading of grit from the grit container ,

Winter service spreaders of this type are usually set up so that they are able to disperse both so-called blunting grit - namely sand or split - as well as detergents - especially salts - in a dry or moistened state. In this case, road salt is often moistened before or during the scattering process with a dosed added liquid, the so-called brine, so it adheres better on the traffic areas and both during and after the scattering by the natural wind or the wind of the scattering vehicle or other vehicles much less Danger is exposed to being blown away.

For a long time, the quality of spreaders was evaluated and optimized as part of a standstill trial. During the standstill test, the scatter pattern is observed behind a stationary vehicle. Such attempts disregard the influence of the wind, which still causes very large turbulence and drift effects at high speeds, even when the material is moist. Therefore, the spread pattern is now being investigated behind a moving littering vehicle, with top speeds of more than 60 km / h being considered for use on motorways. While in the head wind follower of the scattering vehicle already at speeds below 40 km / h vortex form, which according to the theory of Kármán vortex street alternately on the Replacing the left and right sides of the vehicle end and sweeping like large aerodynamic brooms behind the vehicle from left to right or from right to left on the road and significantly affect the uniform sputum output, it comes at higher speeds due to the correspondingly high Reynolds numbers a transition from a regular vortex street to a turbulent wake flow with irregular vortexes, which are very coarse-scaled and particularly e-energetic.

In the DE 33 25 940 C1 was already proposed in 1983 to dispose of the Verwirbelungs- and Verwehungseffekte at fast-moving gritting vehicles above the spreader Fahrtwindleitflächen that detect the lateral and / or upper wind and so directed down to the scattering fan generated by the scattering plate, that the scattering plate fan-shaped leaving grit is pressed during its flight by the directed from top to bottom air flow directly on the traffic area to be sprinkled. The Fahrtwindleitfläche may be formed as a flat or curved, from top front to back bottom inclined wall, as a hood-like wind tunnel or a shell-shaped hood with down-constricting shape.

However, the downwardly directed air flow also influences the trajectory of the scattering material and thereby the scattering pattern that forms on the road surface, whereby this influence changes both with increasing travel speed due to the increased air speed as well as with different types of scattering. An automatic control of the Fahrtwindleitflächen-positioning for adjusting the acting from the top of the grit fan wind to different speeds and to be discharged Streustoffarten is very complex.

The object of the present invention is therefore to propose measures to eliminate as far as possible the turbulence and drifting effects that are disadvantageous to the homogeneity of the scattering pattern and which occur due to the relative wind in the wake of a scattering vehicle.

This object is achieved by a spreader with the features of claim 1 and by a so equipped winter service scatter vehicle. In dependent claims advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are given.

A first measure for reducing the Verwirbelungs- and Verwehungseffekte is to provide Fahrtwindleitflächen on the rear in the direction of travel of the grit container, the Fahrtwindleitflächen on the right and left of the grit container each comprise at least one lateral guide element, which are arranged such that they detect lateral wind, the one from their downstream ends to the rear, d. H. against the direction of travel, can flow.

The lateral airstream is thus not directed down to the spreading compartments, but the lateral guide elements have primarily the function of breaking the lateral airstream into partial streams. Experiments have shown that can be at least significantly reduce the spherical structures of the Nachlaufverwirbelungen in this way, making it possible to keep the homogeneity of the scattered scattered image despite increased speed approximately the same.

Preferably, the lateral guide elements deflect the lateral airflow toward the spreader or vehicle center. For this they can be wing-shaped. By deflecting the lateral airstream towards the center into the wake of the scattering vehicle, the width of the dead water area in the air flow behind the vehicle and, as a result, the size and energy of the vortex bales can be significantly reduced.

At least in the case of the lateral airstream deflecting to the middle guide vanes, it is expedient, this only above the spreading plate and preferably down to the spreading plate reaching down form, as the deflected towards the center lateral air flow otherwise directly influenced by the scattering plate scattering fans. In the case of planar side vanes, however, it is quite appropriate to extend them as deep as possible to or under the spreading plate and also extend as long as possible behind the vehicle in order to achieve the least turbulent in the wake and only late swirling flow.

According to a second measure, which can be advantageously combined with the first measure, the spreader is equipped with a device by means of which an essentially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane air flow can be generated. This air flow is preferably directly over, but may additionally or alternatively also be produced under the spreading plate. It protects the grit compartments in particular from above-acting, but also from laterally acting air currents. In the case of an air flow generated under the spreading plate parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane, it should be taken into account that this can also have an effect on the spreading pattern, since the spreading material is carried further with the generated air flow before it hits the road surface.

There are many different variants to produce this parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane air flow. It is advantageous if the parallel air flow is formed as a fan-like flow field, so that the scattering compartment is surrounded by an air fan.

According to a first variant, an essentially horizontal guide element, for example a guide plate, is arranged above the spreading plate to produce the air flow substantially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane. In addition (or possibly only), such a horizontal guide element may also be provided below the spreading plate, wherein a guide element arranged below the spreading plate can only have comparatively small dimensions, in order to avoid a collision with the scattering groove fan being thrown off the spreading plate. In contrast, the upper guide element can be designed over a large area and extend far back over the spreading plate. For example, the horizontal guide element may be formed as a semicircle or half ellipse with a diameter corresponding to the vehicle width or the grit container width and extend horizontally from the vehicle end to the rear.

By means of the horizontal guide element prevents directed from the top or from below on the spreading plate air streams detect the grit fan. Instead, such air streams are discharged substantially horizontally across the baffle. This results in an air flow substantially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane above or below the spreading plate.

On the side facing away from the spreading plate side of the substantially horizontal guide element, that is, on the surface of the guide element which generates the substantially parallel air flow, dissipation elements are preferably provided, which decomposes the substantially parallel air flow into partial streams. As a result, flow structures acting in a direction transverse to the main flow direction are interrupted. As a result, the wake flow can be decomposed into a plurality of small swirl pots, which decay comparatively quickly and thus less influence the scattering pattern. Advantageously, these dissipation elements are oriented approximately radially, so that the flow field is fanned out and the grit compartments are surrounded by a flow fan.

In connection with the one or more horizontal guide elements above or below the spreading plate, it makes sense to provide at least one upper guide element in addition as Fahrtwindleitfläche, as it is known from DE 33 25 940 C1 is basically known and which serves to guide the wind, in particular from above the vehicle or grit container down to the horizontal guide element. The so redirected upper air flow then hits approximately perpendicular to the horizontal guide element, preferably with a small component counter to the direction of travel, so that it is automatically redirected in a horizontal and thus parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane. The more perpendicular the redirected upper airstream flow, the stronger the stagnation point effect on the horizontal guide element and the more uniformly this flow is diverted by the horizontal guide element in the radial direction, so that automatically sets a fan-like flow field.

The upper guide element can be combined with the lateral guide elements described above, wherein it may be advantageous to form the lateral guide elements at least at the level of the horizontal guide element not as guide vanes, but just to the fan-like flow field of not to adversely affect the parallel air flow generated by the horizontal guide element.

At least a portion of the upper airstream may also be directed to below the spreading plate to produce there a substantially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane air flow.

The upper guide element may be formed, for example, tubular, so that the upper air flow is passed through the upper guide element, or shell-like, as for example from the DE 3325940 C1 is known. By a reduced compared to the inlet cross-section outlet cross section, the effect of the upper guide element can be enhanced.

According to a preferred embodiment of this variant, in the region of the upper guide element, a brine supply line for supplying brine may be provided in the upper airstream guided by the upper guide element. Similar to the devices for deicing aircraft wings before take-off, the sprayed brine, with a corresponding droplet size distribution, impinges on the horizontal guide element from above and migrates on the guide element as liquid film predominantly to the trailing edge of the guide element. As a result, icing of the horizontal guide element is prevented.

To reinforce the parallel air flow relative to the horizontal guide element may be provided instead of the upper guide element and any means for actively generating an air flow, for example by means of a blower, a turbine or the like.

According to a second variant, it is provided to generate the air flow which is essentially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane by means of at least one nozzle, which is arranged in the direction of travel in front of the spreading plate at the level of the spreading plate or alternatively above and / or below. For example, this nozzle can suck in and accelerate wind from underneath the vehicle and blow air flow over and / or under the grit fan compartments protecting the grit fan compartments. Particularly suitable is a flow device according to the geometry of a Laval nozzle whose opening is located with a large cross section in the direction of travel to detect ground-level wind, and whose smaller outlet opening is opposite to the direction of travel, wherein the cross section of the nozzle from the inlet to the outlet opening passes through a minimum.

The above-described invention can be developed advantageously by at least one vertical guide element is provided as a further Fahrtwindleitfläche, which is arranged approximately centrally to the grit container and aligned in the direction of travel. The vertical guide element can be arranged, for example, on the surface of the horizontal guide element facing away from the spreading plate. In particular, the vertical guide element in the direction of travel can extend far beyond the scattering plate and beyond the horizontal guide element. By means of the vertical guide element, the flow field can be stabilized behind the vehicle and avoid a pronounced vortex street.

In order to prevent the Fahrtwindleitflächen, be it the lateral guide elements, the upper guide element, the vertical guide element or the horizontal guide element, freeze, one or more of these Fahrtwindleitflächen are heated. For this purpose, the Fahrtwindleitflächen may be formed as a hollow body, so that they are heated from the inside. In particular, can the hollow body to be flowed through with a warm medium, wherein as the warm medium preferably the exhaust gases of the winter maintenance vehicle are used. For this purpose, the hollow body can be directly or indirectly connected to the exhaust system of a winter maintenance vehicle.

Another way to avoid ice deposition is to pressurize the cavities at intervals with air pressure from the brake system. As a result, the surface expands so that ice deposits flake off. For this purpose, the guide elements made of a flexible material, for. As plastic, formed.

Fig. 1

ein Winterdienst-Streufahrzeug in Draufsicht mit einem Streugerät gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,

Fig. 2

ein Winterdienst-Streufahrzeug in Seitenansicht mit einem Streugerät gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung und

Fig. 3

ein Winterdienst-Streufahrzeug in perspektivischer Ansicht zur Veranschaulichung einer Variante des zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels aus Fig. 2.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:

Fig. 1

a winter service scattering vehicle in plan view with a spreader according to a first embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2

a winter service scattering vehicle in side view with a spreader according to a second embodiment of the invention and

Fig. 3

a winter service scattering vehicle in perspective view for illustrating a variant of the second embodiment of FIG. 2.

Fig. 1 shows a scattering vehicle 1 according to a first embodiment in plan view. On a bed 2 a grit container 3 for the storage of grit 4 is mounted. Left and right of the vehicle end 5 are mounted substantially vertically extending lateral guide elements. in the illustrated embodiment, the lateral guide elements 6 are formed as a guide vanes to direct lateral airflow 7 of the flanks 8 of the scattering vehicle 1 in the caster 9. The lateral guide elements 6 can be made jointly or individually adjustable to vary the skimming height and thus to make an adjustment to the crosswind situation.

The guide vanes 6 are designed as hollow bodies and are connected to an exhaust device of the winter maintenance vehicle (not shown) to flow through the guide vanes 6 to avoid icing with a warm medium. Alternatively, the hollow body can be supervised with compressed air, the z. B. is diverted briefly from the brake system. By the hollow body z. B. made of a plastic, the compressed air supply leads to an expansion of the hollow body profile and thus to a chipping of icing.

In addition to the lateral guide elements 6, a largely horizontal guide element 11 is installed in the illustrated variant of this embodiment above a spreading plate 10 in the form of a baffle. As a result, the flow field 12 above the horizontal baffle 11 is decoupled from a scattered from the scattering plate 10 grit fan below the horizontal baffle 11 in a respect to the baffle dimension - but not with respect to the Leitblechwirkung- short section. The flow field 12 flowing away from the trailing edge 14 of the horizontal guide plate 11 is substantially parallel to the plane of rotation of the spreading plate 10 and, accordingly, substantially parallel to the scattering groove trailed by the spreading plate 10. By means of fins, z. B. in the form of wedge-shaped dissipation elements 15, at the trailing edge 14 of the horizontal baffle 11 is the effluent from the horizontal baffle 11 Flow field 12 on the one hand also given a fan-like structure and on the other hand, the flow field 12 is decomposed into partial streams 13, whereby the air pockets stabilized and its distance effect is improved.

To stabilize the flow field 12 in the wake 9 of the vehicle 1, a vertical guide element 16 is further installed above the horizontal baffle 11, which is designed as a flat baffle and extends from the rear end of the grit container 3 to beyond the rear end of the horizontal baffle 11 addition , In the illustrated embodiment, the vertical baffle 16 is located centrally to the vehicle 1 and extends parallel to the vehicle longitudinal direction. However, the exact location and design of the vertical baffle 16 also depends on the location and design of the other spreader components, in particular the position of the hopper 10 leading downpipe 17 from. The position and shape of scattering plate 10 and drop tube 17 are therefore shown only schematically in FIG.

Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment, which also includes the horizontal baffle 11 with the attached wedge-shaped dissipation elements 15 for dividing the flow field in partial flows 13. At the vehicle end 5, a pivotable about a pivot axis 18 upper guide element 19 is provided above the grit container 3, which is similar to the above-described guide vanes 6 designed as a guide wing to guide upper airstream 20 down to the horizontal baffle 11. The diverted airstream 20 'bounces from the top of the horizontal baffle 11 and flows from there in the radial direction away to the trailing edge 14 of the horizontal baffle 11. Between the redirected airstream 20' and the vehicle end 5 forms a dead water zone.

In the area of the upper guide wing 19, a brine supply line, not shown, ends in a brine nozzle 24, by means of which brine is injected into the upper airstream 20 covered by the upper guide vane 19 in order to protect the horizontal baffle 11 from icing.

The upper guide wing 19 is again hollow, so as to be able to flow through it in a manner not shown by means of a warm medium and to protect against icing, in particular when flowing with exhaust gases of the scattering vehicle. 1

The pivot axis 18 serves primarily to be able to pivot the upper guide vanes 19 from the grit container 3 to the rear in order to refill the grit container 3, for example, or to be able to remove it from the loading area 2. However, this pivotal arrangement also allows a relatively simple variation of the flow direction above the guide element 11, which may be advantageous for adaptation to the spreading condition. The connecting struts between the pivot axis 18 and the guide vanes 19 may be designed as lateral guide vanes.

The lateral guide elements 6 are in this embodiment not as a guide vanes but as planar guide elements, for example in the form of baffles, executed, which are here aligned preferably aligned with the vehicle edge 8 and extending down to the horizontal baffle 11. The side baffles 6 are thus not used here to skim the wind, but protect the diverted airstream 20 'and the scattering compartments from lateral influences by the side airstream 7 is divided by the side baffles 6 in part streams.

As a result, by the combination of the horizontal baffle 11 with the upper guide vane 19, the flow field 12 decomposed into the partial flows 13 is markedly increased, so that a fan-like flow protecting the grit compartments and substantially parallel thereto is established.

Fig. 3 shows a variant of the upper guide element, which is not designed here as a guide wing 19 but as a guide tube 21. Incidentally, the scattering vehicle shown in perspective in FIG. 3 does not differ from the scattering vehicle shown in FIG. 2, even if FIG. 3 omits the illustration of the remaining components of the spreading device.

FIG. 2 also shows a second variant for producing a flow that is essentially parallel to the plane of rotation of the spreading plate 10. Accordingly, below the loading surface 2, a nozzle 22 designed in the manner of a Laval nozzle is provided, which with its large inlet opening pointing in the direction of travel detects ground-level wind 23 and directs through its narrowing to the smaller outlet opening, from where it flows around the spreading plate 10 essentially in the horizontal direction to create a protective air flow around the grit fan in this way. Alternatively, the nozzle 22 can be positioned below and / or in particular above the spreading plate 10. It may, but need not, be combined with the above-described components of the spreader, that is to say in particular the horizontal guide element 11, the upper guide elements 19, 21 and / or the lateral guide elements 6.

Claims (21)

Spreader for or on a scattering vehicle (1) comprising a grit container (3), a spreader (10, 17) having a spreading plate (10) rotating about a substantially vertical axis for fan-like spreading of grit (4) from the grit container (3), and Fahrtwindleitflächen (6, 11,19, 21) at the rear in the direction of travel (5) of the scattering vehicle (1) or grit container (3), to driving wind from the side (7) and / or via (20). to grasp the grit container (3), characterized in that the Fahrtwindleitflächen right and left of the grit container (3) each comprise at least one lateral guide element (6) which is arranged such that lateral airstream (7) flow from their downstream ends to the rear can. Spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral guide elements (6) deflect lateral wind (7) towards the center of the spreader. Spreader according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lateral guide elements (6) above the spreading plate (10) are arranged. Spreader for or on a scattering vehicle (1), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a grit container (3) and a scattering device (10, 17), the one about a substantially vertical axis rotating scattering plate (10) to the fan-like Spreading of grit (4) from the grit container (3), characterized by means for generating an air flow (12) substantially parallel to the spreading plate rotation plane above and / or below, preferably at least over, the spreading plate (10). Spreader according to claim 4, characterized in that the means for generating the scattering plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow comprises a substantially horizontal guide element (11) above and / or below the spreading plate (10), which from above or and / or from the bottom of the spreading plate directed air flows away from the spreading plate. Spreader according to claim 5, characterized in that on the side facing away from the spreading plate (10) side of the substantially horizontal guide element (11) Dissipationselemente (15) are provided, which decompose the substantially parallel air flow (12) into partial streams (13). Spreader according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the means for generating the scattering plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow is arranged to form the substantially parallel air flow as a fan-like flow field. Spreader according to claim 7, characterized in that the Fahrtwindleitflächen at least one upper guide element (19; 21), which upper wind from above the grit container (3) down to the substantially horizontal guide element (11) passes. Spreader according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper guide element (19, 21) guides the upper airstream from above onto the essentially horizontal guide element (11) arranged above the spreading plate (10). Spreader according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the upper guide element (21) is tube-like formed such that the upper airstream (20) is passed through the guide element (21). Spreader according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized by a brine feed line in the region of the upper guide element (19) for feeding brine into the upper airstream (20, 20 ') deflected by the upper guide element (19). Spreader according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the means for generating the scattering plate rotation plane substantially parallel air flow comprises at least one nozzle (22), which in the direction of travel in front of the spreading plate (10) at the level of the spreading plate or alternatively above and / or or below and is at least a part of the parallel air flow generated. Spreader according to claim 12, characterized in that the nozzle (22) comprises an inlet opening in the direction of travel with a first cross-section for entry near-bottom airstream (23) and an outlet opening opposite to the direction of travel with a smaller second cross section on the other hand, wherein the cross section of the nozzle ( 22) passes through a minimum of the inlet to the outlet opening. Spreader according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the Fahrtwindleitflächen at least one vertical guide element (16), which is arranged centrally to the grit container (3) and aligned in the direction of travel. Spreader according to claim 14, characterized in that the vertical guide element (16) seen in the direction of travel extends beyond the scattering plate and, as far as dependent on claim 5, preferably beyond the horizontal guide element (11) addition. Spreader according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that one or more of the Fahrtwindleitflächen are heated. Spreader according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that one or more Fahrtwindleitflächen are formed as a hollow body. Spreader according to claim 17, characterized in that the hollow body can be flowed through by a warm medium. Spreader according to claim 18, characterized in that the hollow body is adapted to be coupled to the exhaust device of the scattering vehicle to flow exhaust gas through the hollow body therethrough. Spreader according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the hollow body is made at least in one section of a flexible material, in particular plastic, and comprises a compressed air connection in order to be able to introduce compressed air into the hollow body. Winter service vehicle, comprising a spreader according to one of claims 1 to 20.

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