WO2008006548A1

WO2008006548A1 - Method and device for monitoring building components

Info

Publication number: WO2008006548A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/006110
Authority: WO
Inventors: Walter Werne
Original assignee: Walter Werne
Priority date: 2006-07-10
Filing date: 2007-07-10
Publication date: 2008-01-17
Also published as: DE102006048490A1; EP2038629A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for monitoring building components (1), especially hall roofs (1), walls, retaining barrages, bridges or the like, in terms of the tightness or humidity and/or temperature thereof, by means of at least one sensor (16). According to said method, the sensor (16) is guided in or on a sensor carrier (7, 7.1) along pre-defined paths in or on the building components.

Description

Method and device for monitoring components

The invention relates to a method for monitoring components such as hall roofs, walls, dams od. Like. Especially of cassette roofs on the tightness or moisture and / or temperature, by means of at least one sensor, and a device therefor.

STATE OF THE ART

Above all, components that are exposed to the environment, are subject to influences of this environment, especially moisture. Here is to think of masonry, which sits in the ground or has a connection to the ground. Rising moisture causes the blooming of this masonry and considerable damage. This is especially true in listed buildings and in groundwater changes but also, for example, in penetrating water in dams or bridge structures, especially in game bridges, which are covered on their top with a foil. This film can be destroyed by roots, for example, so that it then comes to a penetration of moisture into the underlying concrete pavement. The term components should be understood very broadly in the present case.

In recent years, the failure of roof structures by environmental influences has been known several times. Essential factors were the overuse of external loads and / or the reduction of the load-bearing capacity as a result of weathering of the building material as a result of unnoticed moisture effects in closed building elements, such as cassettes.

From DE 36 36 074 A1, for example, a control and reporting system for detecting intrusion of water in buildings is known, wherein at least one moisture or water level sensor is provided in the outer wall of the monitored building area, which is an optical in response to the sensor and / or acoustic signaling signal generating control device is in operative connection. In this way, in particular in the case of a plurality of sensors, a leak, in particular in a flat roof, can be detected in good time before greater damage occurs, and moreover, this damage can be remedied specifically and thus cost-effectively. Such control and reporting systems are only useful if, as with the flat roof, water stops on the roof. Here it can be determined, for example, that a certain predetermined water level drops within a time, which suggests ingress of the water into the interior of the building. However, such systems are completely unsuitable for pitched roofs, where the water drains off. Furthermore, after the detection of the leak, an intensive search is required, where the leak is located, which proves time-consuming and costly. The present invention relates primarily to large-scale roofs for industrial and leisure buildings and there especially on large-scale wooden roofs made of cassettes, the transfer of the procedure on steel, light metal and solid roofs is of course possible.

In such large-scale wooden roofs, the load-bearing construction is usually made of forming laminated beams, also referred to as rafters in sloping roofs, and formed transversely thereto, either launched or used wood structure. This wooden structure is often executed in prefabricated cassette construction. These cassettes span areas of up to 16 m in length and 2.50 m in width. The supporting elements are in turn several in the longitudinal direction of the cassette extending laminated beams. Through a base plate and a cover plate creates a closed volume, which is filled for thermal insulation with insulating material. The base plate is provided on the inside of the cassette with a vapor barrier, the cover plate on the outside with a film to prevent ingress of moisture. On this slide, the roof outer skin is applied. The entire construction thus corresponds to a warm roof in its design, since no ventilation takes place.

Problems occur when moisture enters the construction phase or later. This can lead to the dissolution or rotting of the laminated beams and ultimately to the collapse of the hall roof. Unnoticed, however, it leads over the length of time to a barely noticed loss of thermal insulation, whereby the heating effort must be increased again.

TASK

The present invention has for its object to provide a simple and inexpensive system with which such components could be monitored. SOLUTION OF THE TASK

To achieve the object results in that the sensor is guided in or on a sensor carrier along predetermined paths in or on the component.

In a masonry as a component, it is advisable to incorporate a corresponding pipe as a train or einzubetonieren with the creation of the masonry through which the sensor carrier can be passed. This path can for example also run between a masonry and a renovation render or in the restoration plaster. In existing masonry, such as deπkmalgeschützten buildings, it is possible to introduce longitudinal bores through which then the sensor carrier can be performed. In this way, an indoor climate is monitored by such components.

In the case of a roof, this means that the entire roof is examined at predetermined time intervals and changes in the moisture in the ceiling elements, in the case described the cassettes, can be detected. Permanently installed sensors, which have significant drawbacks due to the lack of accessibility of the sensors and their condition checking (e.g., corrosion at the terminals), are thereby avoided. It ensures a very good quality of measurement over years.

In one exemplary embodiment, tubes are laid in a straight line parallel to one another and preferably terminate in a common channel. From this channel, the sensor carrier is passed through the tubes. It was found that pipes with a relatively small diameter of, for example, less than 30 mm, in contrast to large pipes, as far as the moisture is concerned, no life of their own. In large pipes, the moisture spreads out, not in small ones. The moisture remains directly in the area of the entry point of the moisture. Of course, this has the advantage that the location of the moisture in a masonry or a roof can be determined much more accurately and quickly. For such thin, straight laid pipes, especially push or pull elements offer as sensor carrier. In a preferred embodiment, we use a kabeiartiges linear element and here again preferably a fiber optic cable. At the tip or near the tip of the fiber optic cable is then the sensor or sensors, since, for example, not only moisture but also temperature can be determined.

The insertion of the fiber optic cable is done via appropriate pushing devices, as they are known in the art. The fiber optic cable must have sufficient rigidity with sufficient elasticity and good sliding properties, which is why it is preferably plastic coated.

In another embodiment, the path for the sensor carrier meanders and is formed by a pipe system. This pipe system has the advantage over an open rail that it clears the way for the sensor carrier, while otherwise insulating material could fall onto the rail. The pipe system should not only be installed in new cassettes, but also existing hall roofs made of cassettes or continuous hall roofs can be retrofitted with the pipe system.

If the pipe system consists of individual plastic pipes, these can be routed to areas that may be particularly susceptible to moisture. The pipe system only needs to be designed so that the sensor carrier can pass well through the pipe system, especially in the bends.

Preferably, the pipe system or the plastic tube should be configured inside wavy with inner shafts. These inner shafts are said to be the

Allow traction of the sensor carrier. The aim is for the tubes a lights

Diameter of about 50 mm. To exchange air with the cassettes too allow openings are formed in the pipe wall at certain intervals. Sogeffekte or an air exchange between individual cassette sections are avoided by passable, passive closure devices. In other masonry but also in the roof diffusion-permeable pipes can be used.

The sensors carried by the sensor carrier should enable the acquisition of moisture, temperature and path data. The path determination is preferably carried out over the rotation of the wheels, whereby a larger slip is excluded by the inner shaft of the tubes. Possibly. It is also possible to use the number of holes in the pipe walls for determining the way.

It is also conceivable to provide the sensor carrier with a chain drive, wherein the sensor carrier and the chain drive are built very small. The chain drive has the advantage that the small caterpillars have a high contact surface.

The corresponding data can be temporarily stored in the sensor carrier and retrieved later. It is also conceivable wireless transmission to a central, so that thereby at the same time the sensor carrier or its path is monitored.

For very large roof constructions, it should be considered to carry out the way determination in sections. In this case, the data are reset by an induction coil when entering the corresponding section while detecting the respective sector. The determination of the position is also required in order to obtain an indication of the approximate position of the sensor carrier in the event of a system failure. The recovery can then be carried out, if necessary via inspection openings, by means of a "recovery vehicle" or mechanical aids have a device for docking the recovery vehicle and to unlock his wheels.

The sensor carrier itself has a preferably energy self-sufficient drive system, consisting of two or three interconnected via a flexible connection system drive elements that allow him to drive through curves and both simultaneously and individually in both directions can be operated. As a result, the sensor carrier can be moved back when obstacles occur. In case of failure of a drive element, the corresponding wheels are unlocked. Driving on slopes up to 90 ° should be realized in conjunction with the selected type of pipe and lightweight construction. All movements should also be able to be triggered externally via a radio control.

Of course, other possibilities are conceivable for the sensor carrier, as it is moved through the pipe system. For example, the sensor could be placed on a pulling element which pulls it through the pipe system. In this case, this tension element could also be designed endless.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, however, a chain is installed or retrofitted into the pipe system. This chain can be made of any material, in particular plastic or metal. It is similar to the chain of a sunshade roller blind formed and consists of a plurality of balls, which are arranged on a string. This cord is passed through a channel extending from an inlet to an outlet in the sensor carrier and is placed in the sensor carrier via a pinion of a drive wheel. If this drive wheel is rotated, the pinion runs off the chain, at the same time the sensor carrier is moved along the chain. The sensor carrier pulls on this chain through the entire Pipe system. This avoids the problems of pipe connections, bends, slippage and friction.

The recorded data is transferred to the documentation and creation of the damage report in a database system and displayed graphically. Furthermore, a check of the insulation by the calculation of the dew point is made.

Overall, a system is created, which monitors large-scale hall roofs and changes, especially in humidity and temperature, quickly determined so that necessary countermeasures can be performed before the occurrence of major damage.

Incidentally, it should be noted that the pipes or pipe systems mentioned here can also be used for other purposes. For example, it is possible to post

Determination of the moisture in turn drying air into the pipes or

Pipe systems to blow certain areas of the masonry or

Hall roof to dry. It is even worth thinking about this pipe system

Fire department for fire-extinguishing measures to provide so that the pipe system can be used in a fire as a kind of sprinkler system.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a bottom view of an open hall roof;

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a partial region of a shaft tube;

FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the shaft tube according to FIG. 2 with inserted sensor carrier;

FIG. 4 shows a partially enlarged longitudinal section through a sensor carrier on a chain;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a portion of an open

Hall roof.

According to FIG. 1, a hall roof 1 consists of a plurality of cassettes 2, which are assembled to the roof 1. This plurality of cassettes 2 together form a roof outer skin not shown in detail and the inner roof skin, between which there is corresponding insulating material. Furthermore, supply lines can be laid between the roof outer skin and the inner roof skin. In the middle, the cassettes 2 form a first 3 indicated only schematically.

According to the invention, the cassettes 2 likewise pass through a pipe system 4 between the roof outer skin and the inner roof skin, this being guided in a meandering manner. It has an inlet 5 and an outlet 6 for a schematically indicated in Figure 3 sensor carrier 7 and arranged therebetween inspection openings 8. It is made of a plurality of Plastic pipes 9 assembled so that straight sections and curved sections can be formed. This plastic tube 9 is preferably provided with an inner shaft 10, which serves the better support of the sensor carrier 7. Further, 9 recesses 11 are formed in the plastic tube through which air can penetrate into the interior of the plastic tube 9.

The sensor carrier 7 is preferably self-propelled. For this purpose, it has wheels 12 which rotate about an axis 13 indicated by dashed lines. This axis 13 is arranged on a frame 14, on which a support body 15 is fixed. In or on the support body 15, at least one sensor 16 is provided, via which a desired parameter within the plastic pipe 9 can be determined. The parameter may be the moisture content of the air, the temperature or the like. Furthermore, the wheels 12 are to be associated with rotation sensors, not shown in greater detail, via which a path determination takes place. This determined data can be stored on a chip in the support body 15 or transmitted via a corresponding transmitter to a receiver.

The operation of the present invention is as follows:

If, for example, the tightness of a hall roof 1 is to be determined, the determination of the moisture or the differences in moisture between the individual cassettes 2 is suitable for this purpose. The moisture that penetrates through the roof 1, also passes, for example, as a result of evaporation heat in the plastic tube 9, so that there is a higher humidity within the plastic tube 9 in these areas. To prevent falsification, it may be necessary to blow the plastic tubes 9 before measurement and then stand for about one night to more accurately determine the locations where moisture increases.

In order to determine this, the sensor carrier 7 is inserted into the pipe system 4 at the inlet 5 and its drive is switched on. The sensor carrier 7 is running now with the help of its wheels 12, which run the inner shaft 10, inside the pipe system 4, the meandered plastic pipes from 9 and determined continuously or at desired intervals moisture, temperature, etc .. If this significant differences between individual areas of the pipe system 4 is determined so This is an indication that here more moisture has penetrated into the corresponding cassette 2, as in other cassettes. In this case, a cause research must be operated.

Since the sensor carrier 7 is preferably associated with a path determination via the rotation of the wheels, it can be determined relatively accurately in which region of the pipe system 4 the sensor carrier is located. The

Inner shaft 10 avoids a larger slip, so that the

Accuracy of the location of the sensor carrier 7 is amazing. Should the

Sensor carrier 7 only have to go through a few short sections, it can be removed from the corresponding inspection openings 8 again.

Incidentally, these inspection openings 8 also serve a certain purpose

Insight into the interior of the pipe system 4 to ensure, if the

Sensor carrier should get stuck. It is also conceivable that the

Sensor carrier is provided with a device 17 for docking a "salvage vehicle", provided that the sensor carrier 7 can not independently free itself from its position.

FIG. 4 shows a further possibility of the drive for a sensor carrier 7.1 in a pipe system. In this case, in the pipe system 4 is a chain 18, which is formed similar to a chain of a window blinds. The chain consists essentially of lined-up balls 19 on a string 20. To cooperate with this chain 18, a drive wheel 21 is integrated in the sensor carrier 7.1, which has a pinion 22. This pinion 22 engages the chain 18, wherein the balls 19 are received in troughs 23 of the pinion 22. When turning the drive wheel 21 in the counterclockwise direction, the sensor carrier 7 is moved in the running direction 24 along the chain 18 in this manner, wherein for guiding the chain 18 through the Sensor carrier 7.1 a sensor carrier 7.1 is provided by a conical inlet 25 to a spout 26 traversing channel 27.

According to FIG. 5, a pipe system 4.1 in a hall roof 1 does not meander but is rectilinear. Single tubes 28 go from one channel

29 and are open to this channel 29 out. It should be noted that these tubes 28 are tubes with a very small cross-section, for example tubes with a cross-section of less than 30 mm.

Furthermore, of course, significantly more pipes can be installed at a closer distance than shown in FIG. 5 on a hall roof.

In the channel 29 travels along a rail 30, a carriage 31, which has a device not shown in detail for inserting a linear element 32 in the respective tube 28. Near the top of this linear element 32 of the moisture sensor not shown in detail is arranged.

This embodiment of the invention is based on a discovery that large pipes lead a life of their own with respect to moisture, whereas small ones do not. If moisture penetrates through holes in large pipes, this moisture spreads in the pipe. However, if moisture penetrates into a small pipe, for example with a diameter of less than 30 mm, the moisture in the pipe only spreads in the region of the penetration opening, so that the location of the moisture can be determined very accurately.

For the present invention, this means that by means of the pusher in the carriage 31, the linear member 32 is pushed together with the sensor through each tube 28 and the sensor can very quickly and correctly determine the location where moisture has penetrated into the pipe, which means that at this point the hall roof or masonry is damp. As a linear element 32, for example, offers a fiber optic cable, which is coated with a plastic layer. As a result, it provides sufficient rigidity with sufficient elasticity. The fiber optic cable itself can also be used to transmit the signals from the sensor, whereby not only values for the moisture can be transmitted, but also by means of corresponding sensors values for temperatures etc ..

DR. PETER WEISS, DIPL-ING. A. BRECHT & DIPL-FORSTW. PETRA ARAT

Patent Attorneys European Patent Attorney

Reference: P 3517 / PCT Date: 15.03.2007 W / ST / TF

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Claims

claims

1. Method for monitoring components (1), in particular of hall roofs (1), walls, dams, bridges or the like, on their tightness or moisture and / or temperature, by means of at least one sensor (16),

characterized,

in that the sensor (16) is guided in or on a sensor carrier (7, 7.1) along predetermined paths in or on the component.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (16) is guided along straight or meandering paths.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the position of the sensor (16) is monitored along the web.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the web is monitored in sections.

5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that data of the sensor (16), in particular position and measurement data, are stored in the sensor (16).

6. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that data from the sensor (16), in particular position and measurement data, are preferably transmitted from the sensor (16) continuously to a central office.

7. Device for monitoring components, in particular of hall roofs (1), walls, dams, bridges or the. Like. On the tightness or moisture and / or temperature, by means of at least one sensor (16), characterized in that the sensor ( 1) in or on a sensor carrier (7, 7.1) and this along along predetermined paths in or on the component (1) is guided along.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensor carrier (7) is designed to be self-propelled.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the sensor carrier (7.1) moves along a chain (18).

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that in the sensor carrier (7.1) has a drive wheel (21) with a pinion (22) for

Interaction with the chain (18) is integrated.

11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensor carrier (7) via wheels (12) or chains, caterpillars od. Like. Inside the pipe system (4) is supported.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the wheels (12), chains, caterpillars od. The like. A sensor for the Wegbestimmung is assigned.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a drive for the wheels (12), chains, caterpillars od. The like. Is made reversible.

14. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensor carrier is designed as a push and / or pull element.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the sensor carrier is a linear element (32), for example a fiber optic cable.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the linear element (32) is associated with a pushing device on a carriage (31).

17. The device according to at least one of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the web is at least partially closed.

18. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the web is a pipe or pipe system (4) having openings (11).

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the pipe or pipe system (4) consists of a plurality of plastic pipes (9) optionally with an inner shaft (19).

20. Device according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that at least one inspection opening (8) is provided in the pipe system.

21. Device according to at least one of claims 7 - 20, characterized in that the web is partially monitored.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the data in the sensor (16) or sensor carrier (7) are partially resettable.

23. The device according to at least one of claims 7 - 22, characterized in that the sensor carrier (16) has a device (17) for docking a "recovery vehicle".

24. The device according to at least one of claims 18 - 20, characterized in that the pipe or the pipe system is also usable for introducing moisture or drying air in a room.