DE102019007474A1 - Method and device for monitoring a vapor barrier or vapor barrier in a building envelope - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for monitoring a vapor barrier (1) or vapor barrier of a building envelope (4), wherein reference data (24) are recorded by in at least one measurement area (2, 3) within the building envelope (4) for several measurement times or measurement intervals during a reference time interval a reference pair of measured values (28) is determined that includes a temperature value (26) relating to the temperature in the measuring area (2, 3) and a humidity value (27) relating to the air humidity in the measuring area (2, 3), - acquires test data (25) by determining a pair of test measured values (38) during a test time interval in the measuring range (2, 3) for several measuring times or measuring intervals that a temperature value (44) relating to the temperature in the measuring range (2, 3) and a relative humidity in the measuring range (2, 3) relevant moisture value (35), and the fulfillment of a test condition (42) is checked, the fulfillment of which a damage indication of the vapor barrier (1) or vapor barrier and which depends on the reference measured value pairs (28) and the test measured value pairs (38).

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a vapor barrier or vapor barrier of a building envelope.

Building envelopes, that is to say in particular outer walls and roofs of buildings, are typically insulated, so that there can be large temperature differences between the inside and the outside of such a wall or insulation. As the temperature drops, air can absorb less and less water, so that humidity drops out of the air when it falls below a dew point. This can lead to condensation falling out within a wall or insulation, which on the one hand can reduce the insulation effect of the wall or insulation and on the other hand can lead to the formation of mold in the long term, for example.

In order to avoid this, vapor barriers or vapor barriers, that is to say typically thin layers made of materials with a high water vapor diffusion resistance μ, are often arranged on the inside of walls or insulation layers. To classify a building material as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier, the variable s _d is typically used, which is the product of the water vapor diffusion resistance factor µ and the actual thickness s of the component. This size corresponds to the air layer thickness equivalent to water vapor diffusion. In Germany, component layers are defined according to DIN 4108-3 (10/2018) as permeable, diffusion-inhibiting, diffusion-inhibiting, diffusion-blocking and diffusion-tight. From an s _d value of 0.5 m, such a layer is considered to be diffusion-inhibiting.

Even relatively small damage to such a vapor barrier or vapor barrier can lead to a relatively large amount of liquid entering an insulation layer or wall, which can result in poor insulation or even damage to the insulation or wall or mold infestation. At the same time, however, defects in the vapor barrier or barrier are often not readily recognizable, since vapor barriers or barriers are usually arranged behind a cladding or in areas that are seldom used and, in addition, smaller cracks or holes can easily be overlooked.

The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the detection of damage to a vapor barrier or vapor barrier.

• - Referenzdaten erfasst werden, indem während eines Referenzzeitintervalls in wenigstens einem Messbereich innerhalb der Gebäudehülle für mehrere Messzeitpunkte oder Messintervalle jeweils ein Referenzmesswertpaar ermittelt wird, das einen die Temperatur in dem Messbereich betreffenden Temperaturwert und einen die Luftfeuchtigkeit in dem Messbereich betreffenden Feuchtigkeitswert umfasst,
• - Prüfdaten erfasst werden, indem während eines Prüfzeitintervalls in dem Messbereich für mehrere Messzeitpunkte oder Messintervalle jeweils ein Prüfmesswertpaar ermittelt wird, das einen die Temperatur in dem Messbereich betreffenden Temperaturwert und einen die Luftfeuchtigkeit in dem Messbereich betreffenden Feuchtigkeitswert umfasst, und
• - die Erfüllung einer Prüfbedingung geprüft wird, deren Erfüllung eine Beschädigung der Dampfbremse oder Dampfsperre indiziert und die von den Referenzmesswertpaaren und den Prüfmesswertpaaren abhängt.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a method for monitoring a vapor barrier or vapor barrier of a building envelope, wherein

• - Reference data are recorded by determining a pair of reference measured values during a reference time interval in at least one measuring area within the building envelope for several measuring times or measuring intervals, which includes a temperature value relating to the temperature in the measuring area and a humidity value relating to the air humidity in the measuring area,
• Test data are recorded by determining a test measured value pair during a test time interval in the measurement area for several measurement times or measurement intervals, which includes a temperature value relating to the temperature in the measurement area and a humidity value relating to the air humidity in the measurement area, and
• - the fulfillment of a test condition is checked, the fulfillment of which indicates damage to the vapor barrier or vapor barrier and which depends on the reference measured value pairs and the test measured value pairs.

By evaluating the reference value measurement pairs and the test measurement value pairs according to the invention, as will be explained in more detail later, a change in the system behavior due to damage to a vapor barrier or vapor barrier can be detected. Relatively small damage, for example gaps or holes in the millimeter range, which are easily overlooked during visual inspection, or damage in otherwise poorly accessible places can also be detected here. If the test condition is met, a corresponding note can be issued to an owner or user of the building, for example, so that he can then manually check the vapor barrier or vapor barrier or limit the damage area through further measurements. The procedure described can lead to a significantly earlier detection of damage to a vapor barrier or vapor barrier and thus save heating costs, prevent damage to the building fabric and counteract the formation of mold and thus avoid health risks for building users.

The reference data or the reference measured value pairs can in particular be interpreted as a type of fingerprint of the vapor seal of the building or of the measurement area. By comparing with the corresponding fingerprint for the test time interval, which is provided by the test data or the test measured value pairs, changes in the vapor seal that indicate damage to the vapor barrier or barrier can be recognized.

The building envelope closes the interior of the building from the surroundings and in particular includes the roof and the outer walls as well as windows and doors of the building. Vapor retarders or barriers can be installed in particular in the area of the roof, preferably under the roof insulation. Warm, moist air collects in the roof area and can at least partially escape through the roof, where it cools down. The vapor barrier or barrier can hold back liquid, so that moisture in the roof insulation can be avoided. The vapor barrier or barrier can in particular be a thin film with a thickness of less than 1 mm, for example with a thickness of 0.1 mm or 0.05 mm. It can have an s _d value of at least 0.5 m, in particular of at least 10 m.

The method according to the invention makes use of the fact that in a closed volume in which liquid water (in liquid or also bound form) is present, the air humidity saturates and thus the same air humidity is always established at a certain temperature. This becomes particularly clear, for example, with a pot filled with water. If the pot is heated, the humidity in the pot increases significantly compared to the surroundings. When the lid is opened, strong dehumidification takes place, as the air containing a lot of liquids is transported out of the pot into the environment. Correspondingly, in an ideally airtight house that is significantly warmer than the surroundings, for example because it is heated in winter, the humidity inside the house would be significantly higher than outside. The less perfect the waterproofing of the house, the more the humidity that occurs at a certain temperature will differ from the ideal saturation humidity. However, since the house cannot be completely sealed even with an undamaged vapor barrier or vapor barrier, such saturation of the air with water is at least not achieved permanently. It is therefore necessary to first use the reference data to determine the actual condition with an undamaged vapor barrier or barrier, after which changes in the tightness of the house, in particular due to damage to the vapor barrier or barrier, can be detected using the test data.

The temperature values can be recorded by any temperature sensor and the humidity values by any hygrometer. The temperature sensor and the hygrometer can in particular be installed as a structural unit, for example as a room air sensor, or generally as a sensor device.

If the reference measured value pairs or test measured value pairs are each determined for a measuring interval, several temperature values or humidity values can be determined during this measuring interval and the values of the reference or test measured value pair can be determined from these as a mean value, median or the like. The measured value pairs form tuples, which can be supplemented with additional information, for example a date or a time.

In normal use of a building, the humidity of the air at a given temperature typically varies over time. In particular, intermittent ventilation, opening doors or the like can lead to a short-term reduction in humidity. In order to still be able to differentiate between a damaged and an undamaged vapor barrier or barrier, the length of the reference time interval or the test time interval should be selected to be sufficiently long so that a sufficient number of reference measured value pairs or test measured value pairs are recorded in a state of the measuring range that corresponds at least approximately to the state of equilibrium for the given state of the vapor barrier or vapor barrier.

The test time interval and / or the reference time interval can therefore extend over at least one day or over at least one month or over at least three months. With correspondingly long time intervals, as explained above, individual malfunctions, such as, for example, intermittent ventilation or opening of doors, are of no consequence. Several seasons and / or weather conditions can be taken into account by measuring over several months in particular. For example, the previous year can be viewed as the test time interval. It can be advantageous to select the test time interval and the reference time interval to be essentially the same length or to determine an equal number of reference value pairs and test measurement value pairs.

In the reference time interval it is assumed that the vapor barrier or vapor barrier is intact. At least at certain times, for example when users of the building do not use the building for a while, for example during a vacation period, states of equilibrium essentially occur within the building, so that a saturation air humidity is at least approximately reached. A good indication that a sufficiently long reference time interval has been selected is therefore when, for a sufficient number of reference measured value pairs, the determined air humidity reaches a limit value that is preferably only slightly below the saturation value for the respective temperature. If a sufficient number of reference measured value pairs have not yet been acquired for which this is the case, the reference time interval can be extended or the acquisition of the reference data can begin again.

It can also be advantageous to use an additional measuring method to ensure that the vapor barrier or barrier is actually intact during the reference time interval. For this purpose, a verification measurement, in particular a measurement of the tightness of the building envelope, can be carried out. For example, the blower door method known per se can be used for this. In principle, it is possible to carry out such a verification measurement over the entire reference time interval. However, since a vapor barrier or barrier that has been damaged typically remains damaged, it is also sufficient to carry out a verification measurement regarding the tightness of the building envelope after the reference time interval, whereby the reference data should be discarded if it is already determined that the building envelope is not sufficiently tight is.

In the method according to the invention, a model for the relationship between the temperature value and the humidity value or between the temperature value and a variable dependent on the humidity value or between a variable dependent on the temperature value and the humidity value or between a variable dependent on the temperature value and one of the Moisture value-dependent variable are parameterized by model parameters, the model parameters for the reference time interval depending on the reference measured value pairs and the model parameters for the test time interval depending on the test measured value pairs, the fulfillment of the test condition being determined by a measure of the distance between the model parameters determined for the reference time interval and the depends on the model parameters determined for the test time interval.

The model can in particular be a mathematical model that is determined, for example, by determining parameters of a compensation function, for example by regression analysis, as model parameters. For example, a linear relationship between the temperature and a dew point determined as a function of the humidity value can be assumed and the model parameters can describe the slope and the offset. In addition or as an alternative, the model can also include statistical variables as model parameters. For example, a mean or maximum deviation of the individual measured value pairs from the parameterized model can be determined as the model parameter. The model parameters can also describe, for example, whether there is a different behavior for different value ranges, for example for different temperatures and / or air humidity, for example individual model parameters change.

The model can be parameterized by several model parameters which form a model vector, the measure for the distance between the model parameters being a measure for the length of the difference vector of the model vectors. The measure can be, for example, a Euclidean norm, but it is also possible to take into account differences in different model parameters to different degrees within the framework of the measure.

Instead of the described comparison of models, an approach based on machine learning could also be used. For example, reference data could be recorded for several reference time intervals, which are used as training data in order to train a machine learning algorithm, for example a neural network, in the context of monitored learning. For example, a damaged vapor barrier or vapor barrier can be simulated for parts of the reference time intervals by opening an opening in the vapor barrier or vapor barrier or at another point in the building envelope. In this way, various training data sets can be obtained, which on the one hand describe reference data for a fully functional vapor barrier or barrier and on the other hand for a damaged vapor barrier or barrier. This makes it possible to train the machine learning algorithm so that it can distinguish between these two states. After the training, the test data can be used as input data for the algorithm trained in this way, the algorithm then classifying whether the vapor barrier or vapor barrier is damaged. This classification obviously depends not only on the test data but also on the training data and thus on the reference data.

In the approach explained above, in which model parameters are determined, the dew point temperature can be determined as a variable that is dependent on the humidity value. The dew point temperature is the temperature that air with a certain humidity must fall below in order for water vapor to separate out as dew or fog. At the dew point, the relative humidity is equal to 1, i.e. equal to 100%. Based on the Magnus formula, which is known per se, the dew point τ can be calculated as a function of the temperature ϑ and the air humidity φ as follows: $$\tau \left(\phi ,\vartheta \right)=K_3\frac{\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="K"\; filenames="DE102019007474A1\_0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}}_2\cdot \mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\theta \; K"\; filenames="DE102019007474A1\_0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\vartheta </figure-callout>}}{K_{}}+\text{ln}\left(\phi \right)}{\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="K"\; filenames="DE102019007474A1\_0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}}_2\cdot K_3}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="K"\; filenames="DE102019007474A1\_0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}}_3+\vartheta }-\text{ln}\left(\phi \right)}$$

The sizes K ₂ and K ₃ are in this case, the specific water vapor parameters, wherein the temperature range between -45 ° C and 60 ° CK ₂ to the value 17.62 can be set and K ₃ can be set to 243.12 ° C.

If a model is determined for the relationship between temperature and dew point temperature, use can be made of the fact that this relationship is approximately linear at least in the relevant indoor temperature range in buildings of, for example, between 15 ° C and 30 ° C, at least with a well-functioning vapor barrier or vapor barrier. This enables a very simple model to be used. In addition, defects can be easily verified, for example, by plotting the value pairs graphically, with deviations being relatively easy to recognize due to the approximately linear relationship.

Time information can be stored for each test measured value pair and / or for each reference measured value pair, the fulfillment of the test condition additionally depending on the time information. For example, a date and / or a time can be stored as time information. The additional storage of time information makes it possible, for example, to group measured value pairs according to the season or according to a time of day or night and thus, for example, to compare partial models related to certain seasons or times of day or matching measured value pairs. Correspondingly, time information can also be taken into account in the context of machine learning.

The vapor barrier or vapor barrier can be arranged at an angle to the vertical, with a sensor device being used to detect the temperature values and / or the humidity values, which sensor device is arranged below the vapor barrier or vapor barrier. This can be advantageous because steam in buildings typically rises to the vapor barrier or barrier and is retained in this area, which means that the air humidity will tend to saturate in this area if the vapor barrier or barrier is functioning.

The specific arrangement of the sensor device, in particular the height at which it is arranged, depends on the specific design of the building. If, for example, there is a classic attic without a further underlying vapor barrier, the sensor device can be arranged in this near the floor and can thus detect damage to the vapor barrier mainly located above it. If, on the other hand, an interior vapor barrier located inside the building below the attic is used, it can be advantageous to choose a higher position of the sensor device, since overall less air humidity is available in the attic for saturation and the steam bell in which saturation occurs is smaller and more likely higher. If only one sensor device is to be used, it is necessary here to weigh up, since defects in the vapor barrier or barrier are typically identified particularly well when the sensor device is arranged at a lower height than this defect. It can therefore also be advantageous to use several sensor devices.

In the method according to the invention, respective temperature values and humidity values can be recorded for several structurally separate measuring areas, with a sensor device being used in each of the measuring areas to detect the temperature values and the humidity values, and / or it can be used to detect the temperature values and the humidity values in the respective measuring area several sensor devices are used, which are arranged at different heights in the measurement area. If several measuring areas are structurally separated, the exchange of air or humidity between these areas is also restricted. This can be the case, for example, if an attic is divided by walls or the like. A particularly robust detection of defects in the vapor barrier or barrier is possible in this case if separate measurement values are recorded for each of these structurally separate areas. In addition, this makes it possible that it is typically already possible to narrow down in which of the measuring areas the vapor barrier or barrier is damaged when the test condition is met. An arrangement of sensor devices at different heights can be advantageous since, as explained above, damage to the vapor barrier or vapor barrier can be detected in a particularly robust manner if they are above a sensor device that is being used. At the same time, however, a fully functional vapor barrier or barrier is particularly easy to recognize if the sensor device is arranged relatively close below this vapor barrier or barrier, and thus with a fully functional vapor barrier or barrier is in an area in which the air humidity tends to be more frequent saturates.

In addition to the respective test measured value pair and / or reference measured value pair, a temperature and / or air humidity outside the building envelope can be recorded, with the fulfillment of the test condition additionally depending on this temperature and / or air humidity. In particular, a sensor device for detecting the temperature and humidity values and a further sensor device for detecting the temperature and / or air humidity can be arranged outside the building envelope on opposite sides of the vapor barrier or barrier. The monitoring of the outdoor area outside the building envelope provides information in particular, the extent to which the conditions outside the building envelope differ from the conditions inside the building envelope. If, for example, the temperature and humidity inside and outside the building are essentially the same, there is hardly any loss of fluid to be expected from the building, even if the vapor barrier or barrier is damaged.

Depending on the temperature values and humidity values of a respective measuring area and on the one hand the temperature values and humidity values of another of the measuring areas adjacent to this measuring area and / or on the other hand the temperature and humidity outside the building envelope, a vapor pressure gradient can be determined on which the fulfillment of the test condition depends. The vapor pressure gradient indicates in particular the extent to which air humidity is conducted from or to other measurement areas or passes through the vapor barrier or barrier. In the case of very small vapor pressure gradients, hardly any exchange of air humidity is to be expected, while in the case of large vapor pressure gradients a strong exchange is to be expected.

In the method according to the invention, it can be advantageous to take into account a ventilation system that is present in the building. Corresponding ventilation systems can be used, for example, to minimize energy loss through ventilation. Depending on the specific design of the ventilation system, the indoor air is dehumidified to a greater or lesser extent. In principle, it is possible to take into account the effects of such a ventilation system on the basis of the reference data. However, it can be advantageous to incorporate known information about the ventilation system into a used model beforehand.

Depending on the operating strategy of the ventilation system, sufficiently long shutdown times of the ventilation system can occur, during which at least an approximate saturation of the air with steam is permitted. In this case, the method according to the invention can be used without any problems. The reference time interval or test time interval is preferably set in non-operating phases of the ventilation system. Corresponding non-operating times can exist, for example, when the ventilation system is not used for heat recovery in summer or is temporarily switched off during a weekend or vacation.

If several sensors or sensor devices are used in the method according to the invention, it can be advantageous to carry out a sensor adjustment for them. This can be done, for example, by a previous calibration of the individual sensors. However, it may also be sufficient to store sensor devices operated in similar rooms at a suitable location for a certain period of time before installation. Since the sensors should always measure essentially the same values during this time, the measured data can be used to compensate for variations in sensor properties, for example by determining an individual characteristic curve for the individual sensors. This enables more precise measurements within the scope of the method according to the invention and thus earlier detection of damaged areas.

In addition to the method according to the invention, the invention relates to a device for monitoring a vapor barrier or vapor barrier of a building shell with at least one sensor device for detecting temperature values and humidity values and a processing device, the processing device being set up to carry out the method according to the invention.

The device according to the invention can be developed further with the features explained for the method according to the invention with the advantages mentioned there. For example, the specific arrangements of the sensor devices described above can be transferred to the device according to the invention.

Various structures are possible for implementing the processing device or the entire device. In the simplest case, the processing device can be integrated directly into a sensor device. For example, a sensor with an assigned memory and a processor unit that carries out the processing can be arranged in a common housing. In particular, if several spaced apart sensor devices are to be used, however, other system structures can be advantageous. For example, processing can be done in a centralized head-end for data from a variety of sensors. These can be connected to the head-end directly or, for example, via data concentrators or gateways. A central unit can also be used that monitors one or more sensors and stores and evaluates the sensor data. This can be arranged in the building itself or at a distance from it.

• 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer Dampfbremse oder Dampfsperre,
• 2 einen mit einem Ausschnitt einer Gebäudehülle überlagerten Temperaturverlauf zwischen einer Innentemperatur und einer Außentemperatur in einem Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
• 3 schematisch den Ablauf eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, und
• 4 - 6 Mess- und Verarbeitungsdaten, die in einem Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ermittelt wurden.

Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the following exemplary embodiments and the associated drawings. Here show schematically:

• 1 an embodiment of a device according to the invention for monitoring a vapor barrier or vapor barrier,
• 2 a temperature profile overlaid with a section of a building envelope between an internal temperature and an external temperature in an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention,
• 3 schematically the sequence of an embodiment of the method according to the invention, and
• 4th - 6th Measurement and processing data that were determined in an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.

1 shows schematically a building 20th , its building envelope 4th through the roof 5 and the outside walls 6th as well as windows and doors not shown is formed. Here, in 1 only the area of the roof 5 shown in detail. About the insulation of the building envelope 4th to improve points the roof 5 an insulation layer 7th on. A vapor barrier is used to prevent the insulation layer from becoming wet 1 or alternatively a vapor barrier is used. The function of the vapor barrier 1 or vapor barrier is referred to below with reference to 2 briefly presented.

2 shows the course of the temperature between the left in 2 illustrated interior 43 of the building and the surrounding area 22nd . In the insulation layer 7th the temperature drops 8th sharply and falls in the example at the point 9 below the dew point 10 the air in the interior 43 of the building 20th . Steam or humidity could enter the insulation layer unhindered 7th penetrate, this would cause the liquid as soon as the air hit the point 9 reaches and thus cools down, from which the air precipitates and thus the insulation layer 7th moistened. On the one hand, this can lead to a deterioration in the insulation properties and, on the other hand, damage to the insulation layer 7th lead to mold growth, for example.

To avoid this, the insulation layer is on the inside 7th a vapor barrier 1 or vapor barrier, that is, a thin layer, for example a film, made of a material with high water vapor diffusion resistance, is applied. This holds back the water vapor and thus lowers the humidity in the insulation layer 7th incoming air. This prevents liquid from falling out within the insulation layer 7th or on other parts of the roof 5 .

Will the vapor barrier 1 or if the vapor barrier is damaged, for example by animals, air with high humidity can in turn enter the insulation layer at the damaged area 7th penetrate and thus result in the above-mentioned problems. Corresponding damage is often in places that are not easily visible, for example behind cladding or in areas that are seldom used. In order to still be able to recognize them, is in the building 20th a device for monitoring the vapor barrier 1 or a vapor barrier provided. This device comprises several sensor devices 11 to 14th , 21 and a processing device 15th . The monitoring is based on the fact that, in a first part of the process, reference data are recorded that determine the room climate in measurement areas 2 , 3 in the interior 43 of the building 20th concern, it being assumed during the acquisition of the reference data that the vapor barrier 1 is in tact. After corresponding reference data have been recorded over a longer period of time, test data can then be recorded for a respective test time interval, which can be a few days, weeks or months, for example, which also relate to the room climate. The reference data or test data each represent a kind of fingerprint of the room climate over a longer period of time, which is created if the vapor barrier is damaged 1 or a vapor barrier changes noticeably, since such damage leads to greater dehumidification of the interior 43 leads. Therefore, a test condition can be checked on the basis of the reference data or test data, the fulfillment of which would damage the vapor barrier 1 or vapor barrier induced. The corresponding procedure will be explained later with reference to the 3 to 5 will be explained in detail.

In the interior 43 of the building 20th are several sensor devices 11 to 13th arranged, each of these sensor devices detecting both a temperature value relating to the temperature in the measuring area and a humidity value relating to the air humidity in the measuring area and being sent to the processing device 15th can provide. The uses of multiple sensor devices 11 to 14th occurs for several reasons. For one thing is the interior 43 in two structurally separate measuring areas 2 , 3 divided in the example by a wall 18th or a door 19th are separated. Therefore, the temperature or humidity in the measuring ranges 2 , 3 clearly distinguish from each other, which means that a separate recording is appropriate. In addition, the measuring ranges can be monitored separately 2 , 3 when damage to the vapor barrier is detected 1 already a restriction in which area the vapor barrier 1 could be damaged.

The arrangement of the sensors 11 , 12th or. 13th , 14th in the measuring ranges 2 , 3 at different heights can further increase the robustness of the damage detection. In particular if below the roof area, for example on the Inner wall 23 , also a vapor barrier or vapor barrier is arranged, which in 1 is not shown, the humidity in the measuring areas 2 , 3 be relatively low. Since the described method works particularly robustly if at least during the acquisition of the reference data, that is to say with an undamaged vapor barrier 1 , the air humidity at least approximately saturates at least in parts of the reference time interval, it is advantageous to use relatively high-lying sensor devices 11 , 13th to use, since in relatively high-lying areas there tends to be a saturated steam bell. At the same time, a particularly robust detection of damage is possible, however, for damage that is higher than the sensor used in each case. Therefore, the vapor barrier can be damaged in relatively low-lying areas 1 due to the sensor devices arranged relatively low 12th , 14th potentially better recognized. Should be per measuring range 2 , 3 only one sensor device 11 to 14th are used, it would therefore be necessary to weigh up the height of the arrangement. By using several sensor devices arranged at different heights 11 to 14th per measuring range 2 , 3 however, the advantages of using a relatively high-lying sensor device 11 , 13th and the advantages of using a relatively deep sensor device 12th , 14th be combined. For example, the vapor barrier can be damaged 1 are already accepted when one of the sensor devices 11 to 14th damage to the vapor barrier 1 indexed.

If a test condition is fulfilled, the vapor barrier will be damaged 1 or if a vapor barrier is indicated, information can be given to an owner or user 16 of the building 20th respectively. For example, the processing device 15th a corresponding note to a mobile communication device 17th of the owner or user 16 or send it in any other way, for example by e-mail, by activating a light source in the building 20th or the like.

While an exclusive surveillance of the interior 43 of the building 20th by the sensor devices 11 to 14th is typically sufficient to damage the vapor barrier 1 to recognize, the robustness of the recognition can be further improved if a sensor device is also used 21 is used to maintain a temperature and / or humidity outside the building envelope 4th to be recorded, whereby this can also be evaluated within the scope of the test condition. As in the following with reference to 3 will be explained in more detail, the reference data can comprise a plurality of reference measured value pairs and the test data a plurality of test measured value pairs, wherein the reference measured value pairs or test measured value pairs each include a temperature value and a humidity value. For each reference measured value pair and test measured value pair, the sensor device 21 a temperature and humidity outside the building envelope 4th recorded and taken into account. This can in particular serve to establish a vapor pressure gradient between the measurement areas 2 , 3 and the environment 22nd of the building, as, for example, a degree of dehumidification in the presence of damage to a vapor barrier 1 depends on this vapor pressure gradient. A corresponding vapor pressure gradient can also be created between the measuring ranges 2 and 3 can be calculated in order to take into account, for example, an influence on the reference or test data by a possible steam flow between the measuring ranges.

3 shows schematically the processing of reference data 24 and test data 25th in the processing facility 15th or as part of a procedure for monitoring the vapor barrier 1 . In this case, the processing is described only for sensor data from a single sensor device, and the procedure described can be easily transferred to a plurality of sensor devices. For example, the procedure described can be carried out separately for each of the sensor devices, but other combinations of the sensor data are also possible.

The reference data 24 are recorded by during a reference time interval in the respective measuring range 2 , 3 the temperature in the measuring range for several measuring times or measuring intervals 2 , 3 relevant temperature value 26th and the humidity in the measurement area 2 , 3 relevant humidity value 27 are recorded. The respective temperature value 26th and moisture value 27 form a reference pair of measured values 28 or reference measured value tuples. The reference measured value pair 28 can through additional data 29 , for example a time interformation 30th , can be added. The time information 30th can for example include a date in order to be able to assign a respective pair of reference measured values to a season or the like. In addition or as an alternative, the time information 30th relate to a time in order to be able to assign reference measured value pairs to day or night, for example. In addition or as an alternative, the additional information 29 Information from one or more other of the sensor devices 11 to 14th , 21 relate to, for example, as already explained, pressure gradients can be taken into account.

4th shows an exemplary course over time 31 the temperature values 26th and a time course 32 the humidity values 27 . The x-axis shows the time or the successive measurement times or measurement intervals. The y-axis gives regarding the temperature values 26th the temperature in ° C and, with regard to the humidity values, the relative humidity in percent. When looking directly at the two courses 31 , 32 a connection between these values is initially barely discernible.

For easier evaluation of these data, it can therefore be advantageous to initially set a dew point temperature as a function of the respective temperature value for each of the measurement times or for each measurement interval, as already discussed above 26th and humidity value 27 to calculate. For exemplary reference data, see in 5 a plot of the determined dew point temperatures against the temperature values is shown. The x-axis shows the temperature ϑ and the y-axis shows the dew point τ. Each of the points shown corresponds to a pair of reference measured values 28 .

As in 5 can be seen, there is a strong correlation between the respective temperature values and the values for the dew point. This correlation can be used, as in 3 depicted a model 33 for such a connection to be determined. For example, the model is 33 a mathematical model that shows the relationship between the temperature ϑ and the dew temperature τ in the form of a model parameter 34 parameterized equation describes. The model parameters 34 For example, assuming an approximate linear relationship, there may be a slope and an offset of a straight line. Further model parameters can describe, for example, non-linearities, statistical information, for example an average or maximum deviation of the reference measured value pairs from the relationship described by the further model parameters, or the like. The model 33 or the model parameters 34 thus provide a kind of fingerprint of the measuring areas when the vapor barrier is undamaged 1 represent.

After this model is available 33 or fingerprints can check data in a later check time interval in the same way 25th are recorded. Here, in turn, a pair of test measured values is used at several measuring times or for several measuring intervals 38 detects the one the temperature in the measurement area 2 , 3 relevant temperature value 44 and one the humidity in the measurement area 2 , 3 relevant humidity value 35 includes. In addition, additional data can in turn 36 , for example time information 37 , are recorded. As with the reference data 24 explained, the test data can then be evaluated for a further model 39 through the model parameters 40 to parameterize. Here are the models 33 , 39 especially apart from the values of the model parameters 34 , 40 identical to each other.

6th shows the in 5 for an undamaged vapor barrier 1 The relationship shown between temperature ϑ and dew point τ for a damaged vapor barrier 1 . Each of the points shown corresponds to a pair of test measured values 38 , that in a test time interval during which the vapor barrier 1 was damaged, was recorded. The data shown would be in the case of simulated damage to a vapor barrier 1 recorded, in which a small gap was specifically opened in the vapor barrier.

When comparing 5 and 6th it can be clearly seen that the damage to the vapor barrier 1 leads to a significant influence on the relationship between the temperature ϑ and the dew point τ. Particularly at low temperatures ϑ there is a significant decrease in the dew point τ due to the damaged vapor barrier 1 to recognize. This results from the increased dehumidification of the air in the respective measuring range 3 , 4th if the vapor barrier is damaged 1 .

Because of this significant change, the model parameters 40 of the model 39 clearly differ from the model parameters 34 of the model 33 distinguish. If, for example, as explained above, an at least approximate linear relationship was assumed, a lower offset or a larger average gradient would be determined. Also model parameters 34 , 40 relating to a strength of the non-linearity would be significantly different. Hence a comparison of the models 33 , 39 or the model parameter 34 , 40 well suited to damage the vapor barrier 1 to recognize. Would be the vapor barrier 1 namely not damaged in the test time interval, a relationship would essentially be similar to that shown in 5 is shown result.

One way the models 33 , 39 to compare it is as in 3 is shown, a measure 41 for the distance between the model parameters determined for the reference time interval 34 and the model parameters determined for the test time interval 40 to determine. For example, the model parameters 34 to a first vector and the model parameters 40 can be combined into a second vector and the measure 41 can be a measure of the length of a difference vector between these two vectors. However, it is also possible, for example, to identify differences between different pairs of model parameters 34 , 40 to evaluate different degrees or the like.

Depending on the reference measured value pairs 28 and the test measured value pairs 38 , in the specific example based on the value for the measure 41 , it can then be checked whether a test condition 42 is fulfilled, the fulfillment of which will damage the vapor barrier 1 indexed. For example, the measure 41 can be compared with a limit value.

List of reference symbols

1

Vapor barrier or vapor barrier

2

Measuring range

3

Measuring range

4th

Building envelope

5

top, roof

6th

Outer wall

7th

Insulation layer

8th

temperature

9

Point

10

dew point

11

Sensor device

12th

Sensor device

13th

Sensor device

14th

Sensor device

15th

Processing facility

16

user

17th

Communication facility

18th

wall

19th

door

20th

building

21

Sensor device

22nd

Surroundings

23

Inner wall

24

Reference data

25th

Test data

26th

Temperature value

27

Humidity value

28

Reference measured value pair

29

additional data

30th

Time information

31

course

32

course

33

model

34

Model parameters

35

Humidity value

36

additional data

37

Time information

38

Test measured value pair

39

model

40

Model parameters

41

Measure

42

Test condition

43

inner space

44

Temperature value

Claims (10)

Method for monitoring a vapor barrier (1) or vapor barrier of a building envelope (4), wherein - Reference data (24) are recorded by determining a pair of reference measured values (28) in each case during a reference time interval in at least one measuring area (2, 3) within the building envelope (4) for several measuring times or measuring intervals that indicate the temperature in the measuring area (2 , 3) related temperature value (26) and a humidity value (27) related to the air humidity in the measuring area (2, 3), - Test data (25) are recorded by determining a test measured value pair (38) during a test time interval in the measuring range (2, 3) for a plurality of measuring times or measuring intervals, which is a temperature value (44) relating to the temperature in the measuring range (2, 3) ) and a humidity value (35) relating to the air humidity in the measurement area (2, 3), and - the fulfillment of a test condition (42) is checked, the fulfillment of which indicates damage to the vapor barrier (1) or vapor barrier and which depends on the reference measured value pairs (28) and the test measured value pairs (38). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the test time interval and / or the reference time interval extend over at least one day or over at least one month or over at least 3 months. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a model (33, 39) for the relationship between the temperature value (26, 44) and the humidity value (27, 35) or between the temperature value (26, 44) and one of the humidity values (27, 35) dependent variable or between a variable dependent on the temperature value (26, 44) and the humidity value (27, 35) or between a variable dependent on the temperature value (26, 44) and a variable dependent on the humidity value (27, 35) by model parameters (34, 40) is parameterized, where the model parameters (34) for the reference time interval as a function of the reference measured value pairs (28) and the model parameters (40) for the test time interval as a function of the test measured value pairs (38) are determined, the fulfillment of the test condition (42) from a measure (41) for the The distance between the model parameters (34) determined for the reference time interval and the model parameters (40) determined for the test time interval depends. Procedure according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the dew point temperature is determined as a variable dependent on the humidity value (27, 35). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that time information (30, 37) is stored for each test measured value pair (38) and / or for each reference measured value pair (28), the fulfillment of the test condition (42) additionally being dependent on the time information (30 , 37) depends. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vapor barrier (1) or vapor barrier is arranged at an angle to the vertical, with a sensor device (11-14) for detecting the temperature values (26, 44) and / or the humidity values (27, 35) ) is used, which is arranged below the vapor barrier (1) or vapor barrier. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that respective temperature values (26, 44) and humidity values (27, 35) are recorded for several structurally separate measuring areas (3, 4), with a sensor device in each of the measuring areas (3, 4) (11-14) is used to record the temperature values (26, 44) and the humidity values (27, 35), and / or to record the temperature values (26, 44) and the humidity values (27, 35) in the respective measuring range (2, 3) several sensor devices (11-14) are used, which are arranged at different heights in the measuring area (3, 4). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to the respective test measured value pair (38) and / or reference measured value pair (28), a temperature and / or humidity outside the building envelope (4) is recorded, with the fulfillment of the test condition (42) additionally depends on this temperature and / or humidity. Procedure according to Claim 7 or 8th , characterized in that as a function of the temperature values (26, 44) and humidity values (27, 35) of a respective measuring range (3, 4) and on the one hand the temperature values (26, 44) and humidity values (27, 35) of one of this measuring range ( 2, 3) adjacent other of the measurement areas (2, 3) and / or on the other hand the temperature and humidity outside the building envelope (4), a vapor pressure gradient is determined on which the fulfillment of the test condition (42) depends. Device for monitoring a vapor barrier (1) or vapor barrier of a building envelope (4) with at least one sensor device (11-14) for detecting temperature values (26, 44) and humidity values (27, 35) and a processing device (15), characterized in that, that the processing device (15) is set up to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims.

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