DE102006039865A1 - Climatic chamber for subjecting e.g. rail vehicle, with climatic conditions, has air conditioner for bringing air into chamber and circulating air in chamber, and heat exchanger for guiding air to adjust different climatic conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

The chamber (2) has an air conditioner (4) for adjusting climatic conditions within the chamber. An insulating unit (3) is assembled and disintegrated reversibly in a support portal, and surrounds a test object. The air conditioner brings air into the climatic chamber, and circulates air in the chamber. A heat exchanger is provided for guiding the air to adjust different climatic conditions. An adjustable support blower is attached at a channel that is attached at an air inlet.

Description

The The invention relates to a climate chamber for metrological detection thermal comfort in a test object and for weather-dependent functional tests this test object.

Test objects such as. Rail vehicles are at different climatic Conditions operated. In particular, rail vehicles must be as well cold winter nights with temperatures of up to - 40 ° C and extreme low humidity as well as hot summer days with temperatures from z.T. 60 ° C in direct sunlight and very high humidity without impairment survive their functioning. Furthermore must be guaranteed be that comfort and this particular thermal comfort for travelers guaranteed in the rail vehicles to any climatic conditions is.

Out DE 299 03 255 U1 is a climatic wind tunnel known, with the functionality and thermal comfort can be checked in particular rail vehicles. Here, a rail vehicle is driven in the air-wind tunnel and the rail vehicle from the outside with the desired climate such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, etc. acted upon.

disadvantage this solution However, that is due to the size and complexity of a Climate wind channels only a few climate wind channels are available. This results Another disadvantage is that the inspection of rail vehicles in a climate wind tunnel is associated with high costs.

mobile Climate chambers per se are sufficient from the prior art known.

Thus, a device for concrete after-treatment in concreting tunnel vaults is known, which is designed as a climate chamber ( DE 197 01 861 A1 ). The effect of the climatic chamber is directed outwards on the tunnel arch. It is supported by a truss-like support structure and moves on rollers through the tunnel.

A mobile container is known for transporting and composting and / or drying waste, which is designed as a climate chamber ( DE 199 30 223 A1 ). The container has an air conditioner, whereby the air is cooled and dehumidified. The front wall of the container can be assembled and disassembled to load or unload the waste. This wall also has ventilation devices.

Also DE 35 41 334 A1 describes a mobile air conditioning device, which is designed as a movable container.

None This mobile air conditioning is suitable for rail vehicles a functional sample regarding subject to strongly changing or extreme climatic influences.

It It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a climate chamber, with a simple and inexpensive inspection of rail vehicles guaranteed becomes.

These The object is in connection with the preamble of claim 1 according to the invention the features specified in claim 1 solved.

Claims 2 to 5 include advantageous embodiments the solution according to the invention from claim 1.

According to the invention the climatic chamber out in a support portal arranged insulating elements, the Reversible up and dismantle and enclose the object. One air conditioning brings air into the climate chamber or circulates air in the climate chamber um, being over heat exchangers of the air conditioner, about the led the air is set, the different climatic conditions become.

The insulating elements be in the grid of the supporting portal together and enclose the object to be examined in such a way that it is separated from the insulating elements is surrounded. The soil in this case remains in particular unchanged, i. just as he did before assembling the insulation elements was.

At one in addition at the air intake of the test object attached channel is advantageously a controllable support fan as well Facilities for cooling, Heating and humidifying the sucked air attached.

Especially advantageous are commercially available insulating elements, in particular according to claim 3 so-called Styroporschalungssteine or PUR sandwich panels according to claim 4, which according to claim 5 at their outer edges have a tongue and groove connection and with which one around the test object erected a thermally insulated room. This room is air conditioned according to need and thus creates the necessary for climate investigations Boundary conditions. The air conditioning is done via the in this climatic chamber circulated Air, wherein the heat / cold introduction via heat exchangers, over the led this air is done. After the exam can the insulating elements are dismantled and rebuilt around the next object.

advantage the device according to the invention is that a mobile climate chamber in different locations without greater effort can be dismantled and again.

To Claim 6 is the air conditioner an external air conditioner, that from the outside to the climatic chamber over at least a supply line is connected.

Should the object in its entirety with the different climatic Conditions, this will set an external air conditioner over accordingly conditioned air. The external air conditioner is here at least a supply line connected to the climatic chamber.

To Claim 7, the preparation of the humidity necessary for the test in the climatic chamber by humidification of the air conditioning of the test object sucked outside air be simplified.

to Avoidance of dew point undercuts on the heat exchanger are according to claim 8 attached to this adsorbent, which condensates take up.

alternative or additionally is the heat exchanger according to claim 9 coupled with automatic defrosting.

According to claim 10 is on the front of the climate chamber in addition to the air conditioner in the test object another air conditioning / air treatment device arranged, which with a Channel system for Umlufterzeugung in the climatic chamber is connected.

At at least one wall, preferably on an end wall, is according to claim 11 a reversible gate (eg a Drehfalt- or a roller door) arranged, which allows you to move the test object quickly in and out suitable is.

The Invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment and a drawing closer with a figure explained.

there demonstrate:

1 - longitudinal section of a rail vehicle ( 1 ), with surrounding mobile climate chamber ( 2 )

2 - Cross-section of a mobile climate chamber with test object

3 - Schematic representation of the air flow in a mobile climate chamber

4 - schematic representation of the instrumentation and the control room

5 - Cooling behavior of the mobile climatic chamber from 20 ° C to -10 ° C

6 - Heating behavior of the mobile climate chamber from 10 ° C to 40 ° C

Structural structure

• • Thermische Isolierung auch unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmeverluste auf Grund von Infiltration durch Undichtheiten sowie
• • Handhabbarkeit der Wand- und Deckenelemente.

The way in which the walls and ceiling of a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ), determines significantly both the quality of the climate in the chamber and the "mobility" of the chamber (easy assembly and disassembly) per se.Therefore, two aspects are of crucial importance for the concept:

• • Thermal insulation also taking into account the heat loss due to infiltration by leaks as well
• • Handling of the wall and ceiling elements.

The following variant is due to their insensitivity to weathering and mechanical influences as well as wg. the flexibly available dimensions the most advantageous:
The as insulating elements ( 3 ) used PUR sandwich panels are coated on the inner and outer surface with sheet metal. In between there is a core of insulating foam for insulation. Such plates can be obtained in widths up to about 1.1 m and almost any length. The construction of a wall of a climatic chamber ( 2 ) takes place by stringing / walling up such plates to the required height. At the panel joints, the connection is made by means of a tongue and groove connection. Such a wall is supported by a steel structure that repeats periodically every 5 m. The ceiling is constructed analogously from the same elements and rests on the eaves and the ridge on the steel structure. At a commercial strength This construction consists of a steel portal that repeats every 5 m, which in turn consists of three parts which can be screwed together. This steel portal is anchored in the concrete floor. The PUR sandwich panels of the walls and the roof are fixed to the steel gantries by means of retaining profiles. At one end wall there is a passable gate, at the other end wall an approximately 2 × 2 m large door.

Refrigeration and heating capacity

Conducting climate comfort tests in a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) should be possible regardless of the prevailing at the site, external climatic conditions. For the calculation of the cooling or heating capacity in the mobile climate chamber ( 2 ), it is therefore necessary to assume the respective extreme values for the outside temperature for these climatic conditions. That is, for the cooling operation of the mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) the highest outdoor temperature to be assumed and for the heating mode the lowest outdoor temperature is to be used.

For the cooling case of Chamber (heating of the train) is thereby the heat input through the train to be tested Conservative set at 40 kW. For the heating of the chamber (cooling of the Zuges) is applied conservatively a heat input of 0 kW. As a result of this calculation, those shown in Table 1 are shown Values for the needed Cold- and heating power.

Table 1: Required cooling and heating capacity in extreme outdoor conditions

The Heating or cooling capacity shown in Table 1 is for maintenance the required chamber temperatures necessary (stationary Business). However, these benefits are usually acceptable Times for the starting process is not sufficient. Therefore, a simplified, dynamic calculation performed. Exemplary were the cooling process from + 20 ° C at -10 ° C (at a outside temperature from + 30 ° C) as well as the heating process of 10 ° C at 40 ° C (at an outdoor temperature from -10 ° C) numerically simulated. The information from plant was used as input parameter 1 "Heating mode" or "Cooling mode". The installed Cooling capacity was at 65 kW play the cooling process from + 20 ° C to -10 ° C (at an outdoor temperature from + 30 ° C) as well as the heating process of 10 ° C at 40 ° C (at an outdoor temperature from -10 ° C) numerically simulated. The information from plant was used as input parameter 1 "Heating mode" or "Cooling mode". The installed Cooling capacity was with 65 kW at a temperature difference of 5 K above the heat exchanger stated. The installed heating capacity was set at 40 kW.

The computer program used takes into account the damping effects of the available heat capacities (concrete floor, carriage mass). She neglected by the car introduced heat or heating loads.

The thus calculated temporal courses of the air temperature in the climatic chamber ( 2 ) show the 5 and 6 ,

For the cooling scenario ( 5 ) the target temperature of -10 ° C was reached after approx. 10 hours. For the heating scenario ( 6 ) the target temperature of 40 ° C was reached after approx. 13 hours.

In in the mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) installed cooling and heating outputs of 65 kW and 40 kW would be in the railway climate standards DIN EN 13129 [1] and DIN EN 14750 [2], test level 2 required test procedures about half, the test level 1 of DIN EN 14750 [2] completely affordable. It would also be possible to carry out k-value measurements (also required in DIN EN 13129 [1] and DIN EN 14750 [2]).

Air conditioning

• • Befeuchtung bei hohen Kammertemperaturen,
• • Entfeuchtung bei Kammertemperaturen unter 0°C,
• • Temperaturverteilung/Luftführung in der Kammer.

In providing the climate in a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) the following problems should be considered more closely:

• Humidification at high chamber temperatures,
• • dehumidification at chamber temperatures below 0 ° C,
• • Temperature distribution / air flow in the chamber.

Humidification at high chamber temperatures To obtain a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) under realistic conditions, it is necessary that at chamber temperatures above 20 ° C that sucked in by the system

humidification at high chamber temperatures

To a mobile climatic chamber ( 2 ) under realistic conditions, it is necessary that at chamber temperatures above 20 ° C the outside air sucked in by the system is humidified. In stationary climate chambers usually the entire chamber volume is moistened. In a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ), however, higher infiltration air changes are to be expected, so that it seems difficult to estimate how high the amount of water to be evaporated is because of this penetrating air volume. As an economical alternative, the conditioning is only that of the air conditioning ( 4 ) sucked in air. This would have two advantages: Firstly, only the amount of air actually required would be moistened; secondly, this problem would be much easier to computationally record, dimension and realize. The air conditioner ( 4 ) receives the air thus from a additionally attached to the Außenluftansaugung channel in which the isothermal humidification ( 7 ) by evaporation. To compensate for the pressure losses introduced by this additional channel, the 4 ), in addition a controllable support fan is necessary.

The Problem of humidification at high chamber temperatures can therefore be relative simply by moistening the outside air sucked in by the test specimen to be bypassed.

Dehumidification at chamber temperatures below 0 ° C

at Chamber temperatures below 0 ° C it comes on the heat exchanger usually for condensation and subsequent freezing of humidity. If you do not take countermeasures, grow the fins of the heat exchanger with ice and the air can not flow through it anymore. in the Extreme cases can also damage the frost due to frost blasting heat exchanger enter.

• 1. Die Kammerluft wird mittels Adsorptionsmaterialien derart getrocknet, dass am Wärmetauscher keine Taupunktunterschreitung mehr eintritt. Solche Adsorptionssysteme arbeiten kontinuierlich, indem ein Teil der umgewälzten Luft über ein hygroskopisches Material geleitet wird. Dies adsorbiert einen Teil der Luftfeuchtigkeit und wird an einer anderen Stelle des Gerätes trockengeheizt. Danach wird es wieder der Kammerluft zugeführt.
• 2. Das Klimagerät (4) besitzt eine so genannte Abtauautomatik des Wärmetauschers. In diesem Fall wird bei Gefahr des Zueisens für kurze Zeit die Temperatur der durchströmenden Flüssigkeit über den Gefrierpunkt erhöht und es kommt zum Abtauen des Eises. Unter der Voraussetzung dass die Klimakammerwände nicht besonders undicht sind, würde so auch eine nachhaltige Trocknung der Kammerluft eintreten, so dass nach einer gewissen Zeit auch keine große Beeinträchtigung durch kurzzeitige Temperaturerhöhungen eintreten würde.

There are two possible solutions to this problem:

• 1. The chamber air is dried by means of adsorption materials such that no dew point undershoot occurs at the heat exchanger. Such adsorption systems operate continuously by passing a portion of the recirculated air over a hygroscopic material. This adsorbs a portion of the humidity and is dry-heated at another location of the unit. Thereafter, it is returned to the chamber air.
• 2. The air conditioner ( 4 ) has a so-called automatic defrost of the heat exchanger. In this case, if there is a risk of breakage, the temperature of the liquid flowing over the freezing point is increased for a short time and defrosting of the ice occurs. Under the condition that the climate chamber walls are not particularly leaky, so would a sustainable drying of the chamber air occur, so that after a certain time no great impairment would occur due to short-term temperature increases.

In this problem area, too, solutions are therefore available in order to create a mobile climate chamber that meets the requirements ( 2 ) to realize.

Temperature distribution / air flow in the chamber

In order to achieve a sufficiently homogeneous temperature distribution in the chamber, it is necessary to increase the circulated air volume flow well above the usual for this cooling / heating capacity level. At a volumetric flow rate of 50000 m ³ / h, only a temperature difference of about 2 K would result over the heat exchanger if a chamber temperature of -10 ° C. prevails. With a chamber cross section of 30 m ² and a cross section of the test object of 10 m ^2, a wind speed of about 3 km / h would result in the gap between the carriage and the chamber wall.

The type of air flow in the mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) is in 3 shown schematically. The air flow naturally influences the quality of the temperature distribution in the test room. In principle, a flow through the rail vehicle ( 1 ), because, on the one hand, this is closest to the wind in reality and, on the other hand, inhomogeneous warm air is best mixed.

The air conditioning unit located on an end wall ( 4 ) conveys the treated air to the other end of the mobile climate chamber via a simple channel system ( 2 ). The air flows in the circulating air principle on the test object ( 1 ) along and back to the fan.

power supply

• • 380 V/3~-Spannungsversorgung, 125 A zur Speisung des Kälteaggregats,
• • 380 V/3~-Spannungsversorgung, 63 A zur Speisung der Luftbefeuchtung,
• • 380 V/3~-Spannungsversorgung, 100 A zur Speisung des Heizaggregats, des Luftbehandlungsgeräts und der Luftverteilungseinrichtungen,
• • 380 V/3~-Spannungsversorgung, 32 A zur Speisung von Regeleinrichtungen und Instrumentierung.

The requirements for the energy supply ( 9 ) for operating a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) are essentially the following:

• • 380 V / 3 ~ voltage supply, 125 A for feeding the refrigeration unit,
• • 380 V / 3 ~ voltage supply, 63 A for supplying humidification,
• • 380 V / 3 ~ power supply, 100 A to power the heater, air handling unit and air distribution equipment,
• • 380 V / 3 ~ power supply, 32 A for powering control and instrumentation.

There these requirements frequently not or only partially met by the on-site infrastructure must, in these cases on commercial Rental units for power generation are used.

Instrumentation, electrical installation

• • Erfassung der Kammerbedingungen (10) (Lufttemperatur, -feuchtigkeit, -geschwindigkeit),
• • Brandmeldeanlage (11),
• • Videoüberwachung (12),
• • Beleuchtung.

The instrumentation of a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) includes:

• • recording the chamber conditions ( 10 ) (Air temperature, humidity, speed),
• • Fire alarm system ( 11 )
• • Video surveillance ( 12 )
• • Lighting.

These functions are in addition to the mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) control room ( 13 ) are centrally pooled and monitored. This control room ( 13 ) contains the computers and systems required for data acquisition and temperature control. A schematic representation is in 4 given.

The metrological equipment for the execution the climate comfort test in the vehicle takes place independently from the instrumentation. However, data collection is also done centrally in the control room.

These Control room is in a commercial office Trailers accommodated.

Assembly and disassembly

• • Zuerst werden die Fußpunkte der Stützen gebohrt und im Beton befestigt. Gleichzeitig kann das Zusammenfügen der einzelnen Elemente der Stützkonstruktion (6) am Boden erfolgen. Diese Elemente werden mit Hilfe eines Krans aufgerichtet und an den Fußpunkten verschraubt. Untereinander werden diese Elemente mittels Längsträgern verbunden. Mit diesem Arbeitsschritt ist die tragende Struktur fertig gestellt.
• • Nun werden mit zwei Rollgerüsten und einer fahrbaren Hebebühne die Isolationspaneele schichtweise übereinander gefügt und an der Stützkonstruktion (6) befestigt. Sie bilden so die Seitenwände und das Dach.
• • Als letzter Punkt erfolgt die Anbringung des Tors (8) bzw. der Türe. Danach ist die mobilen Klimakammer (2) errichtet und die Instrumentierung (Abschnitte 5.3 und 5.5) im Inneren kann angebracht werden.

The construction of a mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) is done step by step:

• • First the feet of the columns are drilled and fastened in the concrete. At the same time the co the individual elements of the support structure ( 6 ) on the ground. These elements are erected by means of a crane and bolted to the base. These elements are connected by means of side rails. With this step, the supporting structure is completed.
• • Now, with two roll stands and a mobile lift, the insulation panels are layered one above the other and attached to the support structure ( 6 ) attached. They form the side walls and the roof.
• • The last point is the attachment of the gate ( 8th ) or the door. After that, the mobile climate chamber ( 2 ) and the instrumentation (sections 5.3 and 5.5) inside can be installed.

Of the Dismantling is carried out analogously in reverse order.

1

track vehicle

2

mobile climatic chamber

3

insulating element

4

air conditioning

5

supply

6

Support Portal / support structure

7

humidification

8th

gate

9

power supply

10

recording chamber air

11

Fire alarm system

12

video surveillance

13

control room

Claims (12)

Climatic chamber for acting on a test object with different climatic conditions, wherein an air conditioner adjusts the climatic conditions within the climatic chamber, characterized in that the climatic chamber ( 2 ) of insulating elements ( 3 ) located in a supporting portal ( 6 ) reversible and dismantle and enclose the test object, the air conditioner ( 4 ) in the climatic chamber ( 2 ) Introduces air and / or in the climate chamber ( 2 ) Circulating air and setting heat exchangers through which the air passes, the different climatic conditions. Climate chamber for loading a test object with different climatic conditions after at least one the claims 1 to 2, characterized in that in addition to the air intake attached channel a controllable support fan is attached. Climatic chamber for applying a test object with different climatic conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating elements ( 3 ) Styrofoam formwork stones are. Climatic chamber for acting on a test object with different climatic conditions according to at least one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the insulating elements ( 3 ) PUR sandwich panels are. Climate chamber for loading a test object with different climatic conditions after at least one the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plate joints by means of Tongue and groove connection are connected. Climate chamber for acting on a test object with different climatic conditions according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the air conditioner ( 4 ) is an external air conditioner, which from the outside to the climatic chamber ( 2 ) via at least one supply line ( 5 ) connected. Climate chamber for acting on a test object with different climatic conditions according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that only the sucked outside air at the Außenluftansaugung the air conditioning ( 4 ) of the test object ( 1 ) is moistened with steam. Climate chamber for applying a test object with different climatic conditions according to at least one of claims 1, characterized in that adsorption materials are mounted on the heat exchanger to avoid dew point. Climate chamber for loading a test object with different climatic conditions after at least one the claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the heat exchanger with an automatic defrosting is coupled. Climate chamber for acting on a test object with different climatic conditions according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at one end face of the climatic chamber ( 2 ) an air conditioning / air treatment device ( 4 ), which is connected to a duct system for generating air. Climatic chamber for acting on a test object with different climatic conditions according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that on at least one wall of the climatic chamber ( 2 ), preferably on the front wall a reversibly buildable and degradable gate ( 8th ) is arranged, which for fast in and out carrying the test object ( 1 ) suitable is. Climate chamber for applying a test object with different climatic conditions according to claim 11, characterized in that the gate ( 8th ) is designed as a rotary folding or rolling door.