EP1570884B1 - Skitunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The ski tunnel (1) has a base (10) and superstructure connected together to form a climate-controlled tunnel shut off from the outside world. The inside faces (22) of the superstructure facing the inside of the tunnel are essentially refrigerated over their entire surface through an inner cooling system (24) whereby the temperature and humidity of the air inside the tunnel can be regulated independently of each other through the climate-control system. The refrigerated floor, internal cooling system and climate control system can all be regulated independently.

Description

The invention relates to a ski tunnel for operating cross-country skiing on natural or artificial snow. Such ski tunnels make cross-country skiing possible regardless of the prevailing weather conditions, especially in the case of weather conditions or during seasons where snow is usually not found outdoors.

Previously known ski tunnels and ski halls for practicing alpine skiing and Nordic cross-country skiing. They regularly have a floor and a superstructure, which form a relative to the outside world in a substantially climatically sealed interior. In the prior art ski tunnels and ski halls is regularly a cooling floor, which is traversed by a suitable coolant. On this chilled floor, the snow is applied for practicing the skiing and cooled on the bottom side. Furthermore, it is known to provide ski halls with air conditioning and / or ventilation systems for the treatment of indoor air.

The DE-OS 102 61 716 A1 discloses a ski tunnel in which further cooling elements are mounted above the cooling floor. Cooling floor and cooling elements are controllable depending on the conditions in the building to produce desired snow conditions or to preserve the snow in its consistency. From the DE 201 09 268 U1 a ski hall is known, which forms a substantially closed thermally insulated space. By suitable design of the roof as well as convenient arrangement of air coolers and Schneerzeugern the production of artificial snow better quality is to be made possible. The US 5,327,738 discloses methods of making and maintaining an artificial snow layer in a ski hall in which the humidity is controlled by means of an air conditioning system. From the US Pat. No. 6,079,161 a ski hall is known in which layers of different air temperature are built up by a suitable ventilation system above the snow surface.

The previously known ski tunnels or ski halls have a number of disadvantages. Firstly, the snow can not be obtained in good quality over a longer period in them. Rather, it comes in the previously known ski tunnels or ski halls to a relatively rapid metamorphosis of snow to ice. This snow metamorphosis is also known from nature. Examples from nature are the formation of harsch or ice formation in glaciers. The snow metamorphism, which is detrimental to the snow quality, is accelerated by variations in the snow temperature, by a temperature gradient in the snow cover, by warmer air over the snow compared with the snow temperature and by air flow (wind) over the snow. In the known ski halls or ski tunnels, it is not possible to control the aforementioned factors such that the snow metamorphism is delayed as much as possible.

In addition, in the case of the previously known ski halls or ski tunnels, different areas of the superstructure have different and often undesirable temperatures, which in addition may differ from the air temperature. On the one hand precipitation of condensation and icing of surfaces in the area of the superstructure, on the other hand local heating of the air and moisture absorption.

Furthermore, the previously known ski tunnel or ski halls have the disadvantage that it is not possible to produce exactly defined snow and climatic conditions. However, this is desirable in order to be able to simulate in the ski tunnel the snow and climatic conditions of a particular competition destination.

Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to propose an improved ski tunnel. In particular, a ski tunnel is proposed, which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages. The aim is therefore a ski tunnel in which the snow is kept as long as possible in the best possible quality. Furthermore, it should be avoided that individual areas or parts of the ski tunnel, in particular of the superstructure, assume uncontrolled undesirable temperatures. Finally, the ski tunnel according to the invention should make it possible to produce certain, well-defined snow and climatic conditions in order, for example, to simulate the competition conditions of a certain competition location.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that an inner surface cooling is provided for cooling the interior surfaces of the superstructure facing the interior of the tunnel. This inner surface cooling is designed so that it cools the inner surfaces of the superstructure substantially over the entire surface. Furthermore, the object is achieved in that the temperature and humidity of the indoor air by means of the air conditioner are independently adjustable.

In this way, the desired benefits are achieved. Due to the inner surface cooling, the inner surface of the superstructure can be tempered over the entire surface, that is largely brought in its full surface to a preselected temperature or cooled down. In particular, the inner surface of the superstructure over the entire surface can be brought to the same temperature as the indoor air. As a result, on the one hand condensate and ice formation on the inner wall of the superstructure is largely avoided. On the other hand, the heating of the air located in the vicinity of the inner wall is avoided. Due to the full-surface cooling of the floor with the cooling floor and the full-surface cooling means of the Innenflächenkühlung all relevant to the interior climate of the ski tunnel components are thermally activated, that is, they can be brought to a preselected temperature.

By combining the complete thermal activation of the components with the adjustable air conditioning system, the desired special advantages are achieved. The complete thermal activation of the relevant components allows the avoidance of unwanted climatic effects, since the boundary conditions of the climate system in the tunnel interior can be specified almost completely. In particular, the air temperature and humidity values generated by the air conditioning system in the interior of the tunnel can be better maintained. Furthermore, the complete thermal activation of the components in combination with the air conditioning system allows a targeted and exact adjustment of the temperature of the air above the snow. By regulating the cooling floor, the snow temperature can also be controlled. The thermal activation of the components in combination with the air conditioning system thus allows the desired climatic conditions and the desired snow temperature in the interior to actually achieve and maintain for a long time, even if - for example, seasonally - the outdoor climate is fundamentally different. In addition, constant conditions can be achieved over the entire tunnel length. Thus, in particular, the snow metamorphosis can be significantly delayed by influencing the responsible factors. Furthermore, the snow and climatic conditions of certain competition forums can be simulated.

In a preferred embodiment, the cooling floor, the Innenflächenkühlung and the air conditioning are independently adjustable. By means of this embodiment, specifically defined snow and climatic conditions can be more easily produced. For example, the conditions of a particular competition location with respect to snow temperature, air temperature and humidity can be better adjusted.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ski tunnel comprises a ventilation system, which is designed such that conditioned air can be supplied to the greatest possible extent avoiding air flow over the surface of the snow in the tunnel space. Thus, this embodiment is another Factor of snow metamorphosis, namely draft across the snow surface, diminished.

It is advantageous to provide an insulating layer for thermal insulation of the cooling base in relation to the substructure below the cooling floor. The insulating layer can also be formed by a vacuum. Such a thermal insulating layer reduces the loss of cooling power in the substructure and in the subjacent subsoil. Furthermore, the impairment of the regulation of the cooling floor is reduced by heat or Kältefluß from the substrate or from the substructure. This makes more efficient and cost-effective operation of the ski tunnel possible.

After a further improvement, a heatable layer and / or a heatable and / or externally ventilated cavity is provided below the insulating layer. The heating of the heatable layer can be done for example by an electric heater. The heating of the cavity can be made for example by blowing heated air. With this improvement, a permanent freezing of the base or foundation of the ski tunnel is prevented. The thermal insulation layer located under the cooling floor can not completely prevent the heat or cold flow, but only delay it. This can cause the frost area made by the cooling floor under certain conditions extends through the entire insulating layer, so that the frost limit is located in the substructure or in the foundation of the ski tunnel. By a heater located below the insulating layer, the frost limit can be kept in the region of the insulating layer. The same effect can be achieved in that a cavity located below the insulating layer is vented from the outside at outside temperatures above 0 ° C. In this way, frequent or permanent freezing of the foundation of the tunnel is prevented. As a result, the durability of the ski tunnel can be increased because frost damages the substructure and foundation.

In a further preferred embodiment, the inner surface cooling is integrated into the superstructure for cooling the inner surfaces of the superstructure. This can be done, for example, by laying all-over cooling tubes in the superstructure or in an inner layer of the superstructure, through which a suitable coolant flows.

In another embodiment, the inner surface cooling is applied to the inner wall of the superstructure. This can for example be done in such a way that cooling mats are attached to the inner walls of the superstructure. In this way, the inside surface cooling is easily accessible for maintenance.

In a further preferred embodiment, the superstructure has a plurality of layers, of which at least one is designed as an inner surface cooling. Conveniently, the innermost layer is formed as an internal surface cooling. The closest outer layer can be configured, for example, as an insulating layer. Even in the superstructure, the insulating layer can be formed by a vacuum. The outermost layer or jacket may receive the supporting structure. Also in the superstructure, a heatable layer and / or a ventilated and / or heated cavity may be provided to prevent a permanent or frequent freezing of the outer shell of the superstructure.

Another improvement relates to the design of the ventilation system. The ventilation system is connected to the air conditioning system and serves to supply the conditioned air and its distribution in the tunnel interior. Advantageously, the ventilation system is guided along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and has a plurality of outlets distributed over the length of the tunnel. These outlets are distributed in such a way that an air flow or a draft across the surface of the introduced snow is avoided as far as possible by supplying the conditioned air. This can be achieved, in particular, by setting the outlets in the tunnel longitudinal direction at sufficiently tight intervals. Advantageously, the ventilation system is designed as a pipe system, which is guided along the tunnel, preferably over the entire length. An additional Reduction of air circulation can be achieved in that the outlets are designed as pipe end pieces, which have in all spatial direction, small holes, so that the exiting air flows as evenly as possible in several directions in space. The above-mentioned improvements to the ventilation system reduce snow metamorphosis to ice by draft across the snow surface.

In a further preferred embodiment, the ventilation system is insulated from the tunnel space. This prevents a thermal exchange between the air in the interior of the tunnel and the still in the ventilation system air conditioned air comes before the conditioned air passes through the outlets in the tunnel interior. In this way it is achieved that the conditioned air reaches the temperature or humidity values generated by the air conditioning system to the outlets of the ventilation system.

A further preferred embodiment provides in the tunnel interior sensors for detecting the air and / or snow temperature and / or the humidity and / or for detecting the heat radiation of the user. With these sensors, the actual snow and climatic conditions inside the tunnel can be detected. The detection of the heat radiation of the users can be used to better control the cooling performance.

In a further improvement, a control unit is provided with which the cooling floor, the inner surface cooling and / or the air conditioning system are controlled as a function of the conditions in the interior of the tunnel. In particular, the control may be performed by the control unit using the values measured by the sensors. In a further improvement, a control program is coded in the control unit. With this control program, the chilled floor, the inside surface cooling, the air conditioning system and the ventilation system are controlled in dependence on the values measured by the sensors. Conveniently, the cooling floor in a temperature range of -15 ° C to 0 ° C, the internal surface cooling in a temperature range of -15 ° C to + 15 ° C, the air temperature adjustable in the range of -15 ° C to + 15 ° C and the humidity in the range 45% to 98%.

In a further improved ski tunnel, at least one drainage channel is provided in the floor, the floor having a slight gradient towards the at least one drainage channel. By this configuration it is achieved that the water formed during defrosting of the snow pad runs into the at least one drainage channel and is discharged via this. This prevents the condensation on defrosting of the tunnel in the defrosting phase is distributed uncontrollably over the tunnel floor or runs into the substructure or in the foundation.

Advantageously, the cooling bottom is designed so that it can be charged in the cooling phase with a coolant and in the defrosting phase with water. This configuration makes it possible to accelerate the defrosting when the tunnel, for example, for maintenance purposes, must be defrosted. In this case, the chilled bottom can be charged with warm water, resulting in accelerated defrosting of the snow applied to the chilled floor.

In another advantageous embodiment, the superstructure of the ski tunnel consists of several superstructure elements, for example, two side walls, two oblique elements and a ceiling. Also in this embodiment, the interior surfaces of the components facing the interior of the tunnel can be cooled substantially over their entire area by internal surface cooling. The inner surface cooling is formed so that the inner surface cooling of individual superstructure elements are independently adjustable. This allows even better production of defined snow and climatic conditions in the tunnel interior. In particular, a state can be produced in the interior in this way, in which the air temperature varies with the height.

Advantageously, the ski tunnel is divided longitudinally into several tunnel sections. Such tunnel sections can be prefabricated and then to a Skitunnel be assembled. In particular, the prefabrication of standardized tunnel sections, which can then be assembled to a ski tunnel according to the kit principle, is possible. In this embodiment, each tunnel section has a cooling bottom and an inner surface cooling. The cooling floors and / or the inner surface cooling of different tunnel sections are preferably independently adjustable. As a result, the cooling floors and internal surface cooling in the respective tunnel sections can be controlled in a targeted manner. This makes it easier and more efficient to produce uniform snow and climate conditions over the entire length of the tunnel.

Fig. 1

Querschnitt durch einen Skitunnel in schematischer Darstellung

Fig. 2

Draufsicht auf einen Skitunnel mit Klimaanlage, Belüftungssystem, Kühlanlage und Steuereinheit

Fig. 3

Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Skitunnel mit Klimaanlage

Fig. 4

Querschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Skitunnel mit bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des Bodens

Fig. 5

Detaillierter Querschnitt durch den Boden mit Isolierschicht und beheizter Schicht

Fig. 6

Detaillierter Querschnitt durch den Boden mit Isolierschicht und Hohlraum

Fig. 7

Detaillierter Querschnitt durch die Wandung des Überbaus mit Hohlraum

Fig. 8

Detaillierter Querschnitt durch die Wandung des Überbaus mit beheizter Schicht

Fig. 9

Längsschnitt durch einen Skitunnel mit Nahtstelle zwischen zwei Tunnelabschnitten

Fig. 10

Querschnitt durch den Skitunnel mit Sensoren

Fig. 11

Detailansicht des Entwässerungskanals bei Boden mit Hohlraum

Fig. 12

Detailansicht des Entwässerungskanals bei Boden mit beheizter Schicht

Fig. 13

Querschnitt durch Skitunnel mit mehreren Überbauelementen

Fig. 14

Draufsicht auf den Skitunnel bestehend aus mehreren Tunnelabschnitten

An embodiment of the invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1

Cross section through a ski tunnel in a schematic representation

Fig. 2

Top view of a ski tunnel with air conditioning, ventilation system, cooling system and control unit

Fig. 3

Cross section through a ski tunnel according to the invention with air conditioning

Fig. 4

Cross section through a ski tunnel according to the invention with a preferred embodiment of the floor

Fig. 5

Detailed cross section through the floor with insulating layer and heated layer

Fig. 6

Detailed cross section through the floor with insulating layer and cavity

Fig. 7

Detailed cross section through the wall of the superstructure with cavity

Fig. 8

Detailed cross section through the wall of the superstructure with heated layer

Fig. 9

Longitudinal section through a ski tunnel with an interface between two tunnel sections

Fig. 10

Cross section through the ski tunnel with sensors

Fig. 11

Detail view of the drainage channel at floor with cavity

Fig. 12

Detail view of the drainage channel at floor with heated layer

Fig. 13

Cross section through ski tunnel with several superstructure elements

Fig. 14

Top view of the ski tunnel consisting of several tunnel sections

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a schematic representation of the basic structure of the ski tunnel according to the invention 1. In Fig. 1 is a cross section through the ski tunnel 1 shown. Above the floor 10 is the superstructure 20. The floor 10 and superstructure 20 are sealingly connected to each other and form a relative to the outside world in a substantially climatically sealed tunnel tube. On the ground 10 of the required for cross-country skiing natural or artificial snow 2 is applied. On the ceiling of the superstructure 20, the ventilation system 40 is suspended. In Fig. 1 a venting system 40 formed from ventilation pipes is shown, wherein the ventilation pipes are attached by means of suspensions 44 to the superstructure belonging to the ceiling of the ski tunnel.

In Fig. 2 the ski tunnel 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in plan view. In the plan view belonging to the superstructure 20 side walls of the ski tunnel 1 are visible. Shown is in FIG. 2 also the air conditioning system 30, to which the ventilation system 40 is connected. The ventilation system 40 serves to supply the air conditioned by the air conditioning system and its distribution in the tunnel interior. The ventilation system 40 is in Fig. 2 designed as a pipe system. Further shows Fig. 2 a cooling system 50. In the cooling system, the coolant required for cooling the thermal activated components of the ski tunnel is cooled. About coolant lines 52, the cooling system is connected to the thermally activated components, so that closed cooling circuits are formed through which a suitable coolant circulates. In the ski tunnel according to the invention, both the floor and the inner surfaces of the superstructure are thermally activated over the whole area, that is to say in particular they can be cooled over the whole area.

In the Fig. 2 illustrated air conditioning system 30 allows to produce air in the temperature range of -15 ° C to + 15 ° C and in the humidity range of 45% to 98%. In this air conditioner air temperature and humidity in the aforementioned areas are independently adjustable. The conditioned by means of the air conditioner 30 air is supplied via the ventilation system 40 to the tunnel interior and distributed in this. In this case, the ventilation system 40 is designed such that air flows or air circulation over the surface of the snow are largely avoided when supplying the conditioned air. With the in Fig. 2 Further shown control unit 8 cooling system 50 and air conditioning system 30 can be controlled independently.

Fig. 3 shows in a cross section through the ski tunnel the full-area component activation according to the invention. A layer of the bottom 10 is formed as a cooling bottom 12. The cooling floor 12 is connected by means of cooling lines 52 to the cooling system 50, so that a cooling circuit is formed, in which a coolant circulates. The cooling floor 12 cools the snow 2 applied to it over its entire surface. Under the cooling floor 12 is the substructure 18, so that the bottom 10 in this embodiment includes the cooling floor 12 and the substructure 18. The interior surfaces 22 of the superstructure 20 facing the interior of the ski tunnel 1 are cooled substantially over their entire area by the inner surface cooling 24. In the in Fig. 3 As shown embodiment of the ski tunnel, the superstructure consists of several layers, of which the innermost layer 24 is formed as an internal surface cooling 24. Like the cooling floor 12, the inner surface cooling 24 is also connected via coolant lines 52 to the cooling system 50 for forming one or more cooling circuits in which coolant circulates. The inner surface cooling 24 substantially cools the entire inner surface 22 of the tunnel superstructure so that complete thermal activation of the superstructure is achieved.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a ski tunnel with a preferably designed bottom 10 and with a preferably designed superstructure 20th FIGS. 5 and 6 show detailed cross sections through preferred embodiments of the floor 10, FIGS. 7 and 8 show detailed cross sections through preferred embodiments of the superstructure 20th

In Fig. 4 is located below the cooling floor 12, an insulating layer 14 for thermal insulation of the cooling floor 12 relative to the substructure 18. As in FIG. 5 a heatable layer 16 may be provided under the insulating layer 14. Alternatively or additionally, as in Fig. 6 a heatable and / or ventilated from the outside cavity 17 may be provided below the insulating layer. By these preferred embodiments, a permanent or repeated freezing of the substructure 18 can be prevented. This has a positive effect on the durability of the ski tunnel, as permanent or repeated freezing damages the substructure 18. In FIGS. 5 and 6 also shown are supports 19 which support the cooling floor 12 on the substructure 18. In the embodiments according to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 the cooling floor 12 is designed to be load-bearing. He has to withstand the loads acting on him, even the load of a conventional piste grooming device. Insulating layer and / or cavity can not wear these loads regularly, so that the supports 19 are required to pass the load on the substructure.

In FIGS. 7 and 8 possible configurations of the layer structure of the superstructure are shown. The tunnel interior is located on the left, the outside world on the right. In Fig. 7 is provided as the innermost layer, the inner surface cooling 24. The next layer is followed by an insulating layer 26. The next layer is followed by a cavity 27, which may be heated or ventilated, which should prevent the outermost supporting layer 29 from freezing through. Alternatively, in Fig. 8 a configuration shown in which there is a heater 28 between the insulating layer 26 and the supporting outer layer 29, which is also to prevent frequent or repeated freezing of the supporting outer layer.

Fig. 9 shows in a longitudinal section through a ski tunnel according to the invention. Shown is a composite of several tunnel sections 4 ski tunnel. To form the ski tunnel, the tunnel sections 4 are sealed together. In the in Fig. 9 As shown embodiment, the layers of superstructure and ground are interrupted at the seams. Thus, each tunnel section 4 has an independently adjustable cooling floor 12 and an independently adjustable internal surface cooling 24. Further shows FIG. 9 a possible embodiment of the ventilation system 40. The ventilation system 40 is suspended as a pipe system by means of suspensions 44 on the ceiling of the ski tunnel 1 and guided along the longitudinal direction of the ski tunnel. The ventilation system has outlets 42 distributed throughout the length of the tunnel. The distances between the outlets 42 are chosen so close that it does not come to air flows or air circulation over the snow surface in the supply of conditioned air. It is particularly advantageous if the outlets 42 are configured as sieve-like pipe end pieces with a multiplicity of holes pointing in different spatial directions. In this way, the conditioned air is expelled in different spatial directions, which reduces air circulation in the supply of the conditioned air.

Fig. 10 shows a cross section through the ski tunnel with sensors 7 for detecting the air temperature, the snow temperature, the humidity and for detecting the heat radiation of the users of the tunnel. Other sensors can be used in the ventilation system 40 and in the outlets 42 may be mounted, for example, to obtain measured values for the control of the air conditioner. Further sensors may be provided in the cooling floor in the insulating layer and in the substructure, with which in particular a freezing of the substructure can be monitored and prevented.

Fig. 4 shows that in the bottom 10, a drainage channel 11 can be provided. Preferably, the drainage channel 11 can be arranged in the middle of the cooling floor. In this case, the cooling floor 12 advantageously has a slope to the drainage channel out. In 11 and FIG. 12 are shown detailed views of the drainage channel 11 and provided for discharging the water drainage system. Fig. 11 shows the drainage channel at a bottom 10 with insulating layer 14 and cavity 16. The water collected in the drainage channel 11 is passed to the drainage pipe 62. The drainage pipe 62 is insulated in the region of the passage through the insulating layer 14 and the cavity 16 with insulating material 64 so that no heat is conducted to the cooling floor 12 via the drainage pipe 62. Furthermore, the drain pipe in the region of the insulating layer by a slide 68 can be closed thermally insulating, so that heat flow from the sewer to the cooling floor and in the snow layer is prevented. The slide is closed during the operating phase of the ski tunnel and opened during defrosting. Dewatered water is introduced through the drainpipe into the sewage system. Fig. 12 shows the formation of the drainage channel at a bottom 10 with insulating layer 12 and heating layer. In this embodiment, an insulation of the drain pipe is provided with insulating material 64. Furthermore, this embodiment also has a slide 68 for closing the drainage pipe 62 with respect to the sewer system.

Fig. 13 shows a subdivision of the internal surface cooling in several partial surface cooling. In this embodiment, wall surface cooling 241 and 245, inclined surface cooling 242 and 244 and a ceiling surface cooling 243 are provided. The aforementioned area cooling 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 are designed so that in turn the entire inner surface of the tunnel space substantially over the entire surface is coolable. In this preferred embodiment, the individual surface cooling units 201, 202, 203, 204, 205 can be cooled independently of one another. This allows a better and more differentiated control of the climate in the tunnel interior. In particular, a temperature gradient can be adjusted in height.

Fig. 14 shows a subdivision of the tunnel in tunnel sections 4 in plan view. The tunnel sections can be prefabricated as tunnel elements and allow a construction of the tunnel in the kit principle. The individual tunnel sections 4 have cooling floors 12 and inner surface cooling 24, each with its own cooling circuits, so that the cooling floors and the Innenflächenkühlungen the various tunnel sections are independently adjustable. By this preferred embodiment, a particularly efficient cooling over the entire length of the tunnel can be achieved. In addition, constant climatic conditions over the entire length of the tunnel are easier and more efficient to produce.

The ski tunnel described above achieves a number of advantages. The snow introduced into the ski tunnel can be maintained longer in consistency than in the prior art because the snow metamorphism can be delayed from snow to ice over the prior art. Furthermore, defined snow and climatic conditions are adjustable in the ski tunnel according to the invention, so that the conditions can be simulated at a certain competition. The inventive layer structure of soil and superstructure, in particular with insulating and heating layer, the load-bearing structures of permanent and repeated freezing can be protected, which significantly increases the durability of the ski tunnel. With the specially designed ventilation system air circulation and draft over the snow surface are reduced as much as possible in order to reduce as much as possible another cause of the snow metamorphosis. By subdividing the interior surface cooling which cools the entire area over the entire surface, a particularly efficient control of the cooling device can be achieved. By an appropriate control, which also controls the air conditioning and the ventilation system can constant snow and climate conditions can be set over the entire length of the tunnel.

Claims (20)

1. A ski tunnel (1) for pursuing cross-country skiing on natural snow or artificial snow (2) comprising a base (10), a superstructure (20) and a climate control unit (30), wherein

   - the base (10) and the superstructure (20) are connected to one another while forming a tunnel climatically shut off from the outside world;

   - the base (10) comprises one or more layers (12, 14, 16, 18); and

   - at least one of the one or more layers (12, 14, 16, 18) of the base (10) is designed as a cooled base (12) for the full-area cooling of snow (2) applied to the base (10),

   characterised in that

   - the inner faces (22) of the superstructure (20) facing the inner space of the tunnel (1) can be cooled over the whole area by an inner face cooling system (24); and

   - the temperature and the humidity of the air in the inner space of the tunnel (1) can be regulated independently of one another by the climate control system (30).
2. A ski tunnel in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the cooled base (12), the inner face cooling system (24) and the climate control system (30) can be regulated independently of one another.
3. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ski tunnel comprises a ventilation system (40) adapted such that air-conditioned air can be supplied into the inner tunnel space while avoiding air flow over the surface of the snow (2).
4. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an insulating layer (14) is provided under the cooled base (12) for the thermal insulation of the cooled base (12) with respect to the superstructure (18).
5. A ski tunnel in accordance with claim 4, characterised in that a heatable layer (16) and/or a heatable hollow space (17) and/or a hollow space ventilated from the outside is/are located beneath the insulating layer (14).
6. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inner face cooling system (24) is integrated into the superstructure (20).
7. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the inner face cooling system (24) is attached to the inner wall of the superstructure (20).
8. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the superstructure (20) has one or more layers (24, 26, 27, 28, 29) and at least one of the one or more layers (24, 26, 27, 28, 29) is designed as an inner face cooling system (24).
9. A ski tunnel in accordance with claim 8, characterised in that a layer of the superstructure (20) is designed as an insulating layer (26) for the thermal insulation of the inner face cooling system (24) with respect to the layers (27, 28, 29) of the superstructure (20) disposed further outwardly.
10. A ski tunnel in accordance with claim 9, characterised in that a heatable layer (27) and/or a heatable hollow space (28) and/or a hollow space ventilated from the outside is/are located outside the insulating layer (26) of the superstructure (20).
11. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ventilation system (40)

    - is guided along the longitudinal direction of the ski tunnel; and

    - has a plurality of outlets (42) distributed over the length of the tunnel, with the distribution of the outlets (42) being such that an air flow over the surface of the snow (2) is largely avoided on the supply of air-conditioned air.
12. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ventilation system (40) is designed as a tube system guided along the ski tunnel (1).
13. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ventilation system (40) is insulated with respect to the inner tunnel space.
14. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that sensors (7) for the detecting of the snow temperature and/or the air temperature and/or the humidity and/or for the detection of the heat emission of the users are attached in the inner tunnel space.
15. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a control unit (8) is provided with which the cooled base (12), the inner face cooling system (24) and/or the climate control system (30) can be controlled in dependence on the conditions in the inner space of the tunnel.
16. A ski tunnel in accordance with claim 15, characterised in that a control program is encoded in the control unit (8) for the control of the cooled base (12), the inner face cooling system (24), the climate control system (30) and/or the ventilation system (40) in dependence on the values measured by the sensors (7).
17. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the base (10) has at least one dewatering passage (11); and in that the base (10) has a slight incline towards the at least one dewatering passage (11).
18. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cooled base (12) can be charged with a refrigerant in the cooling phase and with water in the defrosting phase.
19. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the superstructure (20) comprises a plurality of superstructure elements (201, 202, 203, 204, 205), with the inner faces (221, 222, 223, 224, 225) of the superstructure elements (201, 202, 203, 204, 205) facing the inner space of the tunnel being able to be cooled over the whole area by inner face cooling systems (241, 242, 243, 244, 245) and with the inner face cooling systems (241, 242, 243, 244, 245) being able to be regulated independently of one another.
20. A ski tunnel in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ski tunnel is divided into tunnel sections (4) in the longitudinal direction and the cooled bases (12) and/or the inner face cooling systems (24) of the different tunnel sections (4) can be regulated independently of one another.

Images