WO2007141412A2 - Procede de mesure a la volee de la hauteur d'une anode d'electrolyse - Google Patents
Procede de mesure a la volee de la hauteur d'une anode d'electrolyse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007141412A2 WO2007141412A2 PCT/FR2007/000911 FR2007000911W WO2007141412A2 WO 2007141412 A2 WO2007141412 A2 WO 2007141412A2 FR 2007000911 W FR2007000911 W FR 2007000911W WO 2007141412 A2 WO2007141412 A2 WO 2007141412A2
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- Prior art keywords
- anode
- beams
- measuring
- rod
- fly
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
- B66C13/46—Position indicators for suspended loads or for crane elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to the measurement of the height of the electrolytic anodes, in particular the anodes of the aluminum production plants by igneous electrolysis.
- “functional”, that is to say the distance between the attachment point of the anode and the lower surface of the anode block, is essential to limit the operating disturbances of the electrolysis cell that result from the various manipulations related to the replacement of said anodes.
- Aluminum is produced industrially by igneous electrolysis in electrolysis cells according to the well-known Hall-Héroult process.
- French patent application FR 2 806 742 (corresponding to US Pat. No. 4,094,894) describes installations of an electrolysis plant intended for the production of aluminum.
- the electrolysis cells comprise a plurality of so-called "precooked" anodes of carbonaceous material which are consumed during the electrolytic reduction reactions of aluminum.
- the gradual consumption of the anodes requires interventions on the electrolysis cells, including, in particular, the replacement of the spent anodes with new anodes.
- a service unit called an “electrolysis service machine” or “MS E”("PTA” or “Pot Tending Assembly” or “PTM” or “PTM”) is generally used.
- MS E electrolysis service machine
- PTA PTA Tending Assembly
- PTM PTM
- PTM PTM
- PTM PTM
- This unit of service comprises a movable bridge which can be translated over the electrolysis cells, and along the series of cells, and at least one service machine, able to be moved on the mobile bridge, comprising a carriage and a service module provided inter alia with anode handling members
- International Patent Application WO2005 / 095676 of the Applicant describes for example a compact electrolysis service machine (MSE).
- the spent anode is extracted from the cell and deposited on a reference surface, typically a metal plate;
- the level of the chalk line on the rod is raised, the spent anode is removed and a new anode is placed on the said reference surface; - a dash of chalk is drawn on the stem of the new anode at the raised level;
- the new anode is placed on the anode frame so that the chalk line is located at the determined reference point on the anode frame
- anode handling tool comprising a positioning member a gripping member and a vertical position sensor used for measuring the vertical distance between a particular point of the gripping member with respect to a reference level N given, and b) a sound or electromagnetic wave beam is produced in a plane parallel to the reference level N; c) this beam is placed in the trajectory of the spent anode and that of the replacement anode so that, as the anodes pass at the level of the beam, dimensional readings are taken on the fly using the sensor displacement and are then used to correctly place the replacement anode.
- a gripping member is placed in the gripping position of the metal rod of the spent anode and the vertical distance between the reference level N and a particular point of the organ is measured with the aid of the displacement sensor. gripping when it has grasped said metal rod;
- the used anode is removed from the electrolysis cell, the anode block of this anode is passed through the said beam in a vertical movement and the vertical distance between the level is measured with the aid of the displacement sensor; reference numeral N and the particular point of the gripping member at the moment when a particular surface of the captured anode passes through said beam;
- the anode block of this anode is passed through the said beam in a vertical movement and the vertical distance between the reference level N and the particular point of the gripping member is measured with the aid of the displacement sensor. at the moment when the particular surface of the anode passes through said beam; - AT -
- the vertical position of the replacement anode in the cell is determined from the values measured previously, and taking into account various other corrections, in particular those due to the differences in weight and temperature between the spent anode at the time of its seizure and the replacement anode at the time of its installation;
- the replacement anode is placed at the position determined in the previous step in the location initially occupied by the spent anode.
- This method has a great advantage over the conventional method described above since it reduces the number of manipulations to be performed during the replacement of an anode.
- it has the disadvantage of being highly dependent on the quality of the particular surface of the anode which has been chosen to carry out these measurements.
- the best surface to take this type of measurement is the lower surface of the anode block.
- a worn anode no longer has a perfectly parallelepipedal geometry with sharp edges.
- the plane of the lower face of the carbon block is no longer parallel to the beam, so that the beam is disturbed not immediately by the lower surface of the block but by an eroded edge, or a point on this edge.
- a first object of the invention is a method for on-the-fly measurement of the length in the direction (z'z) of a production anode, typically an anode for producing aluminum by igneous electrolysis.
- said anode comprising a rod extending substantially along an axis, of direction (z'z), and whose orthogonal section is a rectangle whose sides follow the directions (x'x) and (y'y) , as well as a block of carbon - also called anodic block - of rectangular parallelepipedal overall shape, whose height extends in the direction of the axis (z'z) and whose orthogonal section has sides substantially parallel to ( x'x) and (y'y).
- said anode is suspended from a gripping member which grasps, at the point of attachment, the rod of the anode so that it can not rotate about its axis .
- Said gripping member is guided in its movement so that it moves along the vertical axis Z'Z and so that, when it grasps a new anode, the directions (x'x) and (y ' y) remain substantially parallel to two horizontal directions (X 1 X) and (Y'Y) given, orthogonal to each other. These directions typically, but not necessarily, correspond to the small and large sides of the electrolysis cell respectively.
- the measurement of the angle of inclination of the axis (z'z) of the axis of the rod can be performed when the anode is stopped, before its vertical displacement, or on the contrary on the fly during its vertical displacement and, in the latter case, it can be carried out before
- the method according to the invention is a method of on-the-fly measurement, that is to say not requiring the immobilization and placement of the anode on a storage area, a pallet or a vehicle.
- the measurement is taken when the anode 0 is suspended, the contact between the anode and the gripping member being on an area whose center of gravity is called "point of attachment", which can be considered as belonging as much to the gripping member only to the anode rod.
- This measuring method is intended to know the height of the anode, or more precisely, a "functional" height corresponding to the distance
- the new ⁇ node presents a perfect equilibrium so that the directions (x'x), (y'y), (z'z) correspond to those of its axes of symmetry.
- the gripping member is arranged such that, when the new anode is suspended, the directions (x'x) and (y'y) remain parallel to two horizontal directions (X'X) and (Y 1 Y) data. These directions may, especially if the measurement is made near the electrolysis cell, be parallel respectively to the small and large side of the electrolysis cell.
- the worn anode no longer has the initial equilibrium so that its axes (x'x), (y'y), (z'z) are no longer parallel to the axes (X 'X), (Y'Y) and (Z 1 Z).
- This imbalance which results in a lack of horizontality of the lower surface of the anode block, may be due to a lack of distribution of the anode cover (the mixture of ground bath and alumina which is poured on the bath electrolysis and on the upper face of the anode blocks) and / or local deterioration of the anodic block (local lack of carbonaceous material).
- This defect nonetheless corresponds to a small inclination, a few degrees at most relative to the horizontal plane, and it is a question of evaluating the consequences of this angular difference on the estimation of the real height of the anode.
- the gripping member envisaged in the context of the invention moves vertically and grasps the anode so that the rod can not rotate about its axis z'z.
- This gripping member may belong to a handling tool which is usually used during the replacement of the anodes, such as that described in the international application WO2004 / 079046.
- such a handling tool comprises a fixed gripping member on a positioning member which is itself attached to the carriage of a service machine which rolls on a movable bridge adapted to be translated above and along the series of electrolysis cells
- Said positioning member is typically a telescopic arm arranged vertically, composed of at least two masts sliding one inside the other, a mast being moved by an actuator and being guided by the other mast attached to said service machine, the gripping member, fixed at the end of the mast moved by an actuator, moves vertically, without undergoing or rotating around the axis z'z nor significant transverse displacement.
- each articulated branch of the clamp comprises for example at least one projection, also called "iinguet", which is inserted with clearance in a bore of the anode rod. Said bore, crossing or not, extends in the direction perpendicular to that of the pivot axis of the branches of the clamp, that is to say perpendicular to the short side or the long side of the section of the rod.
- attachment means of complementary shapes may be in a different geometric configuration: for example, a bore made in the branch of the clamp and tree portions projecting on the small faces or large faces of the rod or other forms of geometric conjugate that allow to lock and lift the anode.
- perpendicularly to said attachment means that is to say parallel to the pivot axis of the articulated branches, are blanks which surround the other faces of the rod, so that when the clamp is closed, the end of the rod can not undergo substantial transverse displacement relative to the positioning member.
- Leclit gripping member is provided with a displacement sensor which makes it possible to measure the vertical position of a particular point of the gripping member with respect to a horizontal reference level (N).
- the position sensor may be, for example, a cable encoder or a laser range finder. Typically, it is fixed rigidly to the part of the positioning member which is attached to the service machine, and it makes it possible to measure the relative distance between its position and that of a particular point of the gripping member which corresponds to , in the case of a cable encoder, at the attachment point of the moving end of the cable or, in the case of a laser range finder, at the point of the gripping device referred to in laser ray.
- the vertical distance between this particular point and the attachment point can be easily known, so that the displacement sensor makes it possible to know at any time the vertical position of the point of attachment, that is to say the distance between the reference level (N) and the snap point.
- the gripping member is a clamp
- the distance between the particular point and the pivot axis of the articulated branches is known
- the distance between the pivot axis and the axes of the latches is known
- the clearance between said latches and the bore or bores of the rod is low, so that it is possible to determine with good accuracy the vertical position of the attachment point.
- it is advantageous to provide the positioning member with a means for measuring the tension in the tool. such as an axial dynamometer, which allows to know the moment when the kinematic chain of the tool is in traction and to determine the moment when the mechanical clearances are all taken again.
- the anode is suspended from the gripping member, for example by means of said bore and said projections, in a hooking zone located on the rod, at a known position on said rod. Due to the imbalance caused by wear, its axes (x'x), (y'y) and (z'z) do not necessarily coincide with the initial axes (X 1 X) 7 (Y 1 Y) and ( Z'Z). If the anode is clamped in rotation about its axis (z'z) by the end of its stem, it may nevertheless behave as a kind of pendulum likely to oscillate around the point of attachment.
- the actuators which impose the movements of the gripping member in the vertical direction Z 1 Z and in the horizontal plane, typically along the directions X 1 X and Y'Y are preferably controlled in acceleration and deceleration so that, when the anode is lowered or mounted in the context of step ii) of the present method according to the invention, it undergoes a movement as close as possible to a pure vertical translation, with axes (x'x), (y'y) and (z'z) which retain their respective directions throughout said displacement.
- the anode is moved vertically so that its lower surface passes through a plane formed by a plurality of n sonic or electromagnetic wave beams, n being at least two, preferably three.
- n being at least two, preferably three.
- the sound waves are typically ultrasonic waves and the electromagnetic waves are typically visible light, infrared or radio waves.
- said beams are generated using lasers.
- this plane is horizontal or slightly inclined relative to the horizontal plane, typically an angle of less than 3 °.
- the anode being suspended and the carbon block being the lowest part of the anode, the height of the anode is advantageously measured in a phase where it is subjected to a vertical descent.
- the measurement can also be made by imposing a vertical rise to the anode, provided that it is possible to distinguish the disturbances of the beams due to the upper surface of the block. ⁇ nodic of those due to the lower surface.
- the generators are placed and oriented such that when the beams they emit are disturbed, it is possible to determine without ambiguity the cause of the disturbance and to retain only the disturbances due to the flat part of the lower surface of the anode block,
- this flat area is used either by maintaining the plane of the beams in a fixed direction (preferably the horizontal plane) and taking into account that it is the lowest part of the periphery of this planar zone which first disturbs said beams, or by orienting the plane of the beams so that it becomes parallel to said planar zone.
- the generators are advantageously grouped together on a platform which can be imposed with respect to the horizontal plane such that said plane beam becomes orthogonal to the direction (z'z) of the anode rod, whose inclination has been measured before.
- step N the position of the attachment point is known at all times: its vertical distance relative to the reference level (N) is deduced the vertical position of the particular point given by the displacement sensor and its coordinates in the horizontal plane are related to those of the positioning device.
- N the vertical distance relative to the reference level
- these coordinates in the horizontal plane are determined by the respective positions of the carriage and the moving bridge whose directions of movement are parallel to the directions X 1 X and Y 1 Y.
- the anode is then subjected to a vertical translation movement, preferably downward, so that the bottom surface of the anode block passes through the plane of the beams. Whenever one of the n beams is disturbed by the crossing of the lower surface of the anode block, the vertical position h ⁇ of said attachment point is measured,
- the detection of the disturbance of said beams can be done in several ways.
- a sound or electromagnetic wave detector facing a sonic or electromagnetic wave beam generator so that the detector can detect the
- These elements can be arranged in a triangle so as to form a plane. As in the first mode, the moment when the lower surface of the anode block interrupts the transmission of said beam to the detector is noted.
- a sound or electromagnetic wave detector and a sound or electromagnetic wave beam generator so that the detector can detect the beam produced by the generator and reflected by the anode block.
- the moment when the lower surface of the anode block passes through said beam is then noted, so that the anode block reflects (measurement downwards) or no longer reflects (upward measurement) all or part of said beam to the detector.
- Tests have shown that the reflectivity of the surface of a new or used anode is sufficient to allow satisfactory operation of this embodiment, even if the reflective surface is not perfectly perpendicular to the beam.
- This embodiment has the advantage of allowing to geographically regroup the detector and the generator in one and the same place, all the means used for this measurement becoming a unit of measurement easily mobile and autonomous.
- the anode in particular its stem, is advantageously observed in two non-parallel vertical planes, preferably orthogonal and its angle of inclination with respect to the vertical Z 1 Z is considered as having two components: the angles a and ⁇ that the anode rod makes respectively with these two vertical planes.
- these planes pass through the point of attachment of the anode rod and are respectively perpendicular to two horizontal directions VV and WW orthogonal to each other, which we will call directions of sight.
- VV and WW horizontal directions
- a first solution for estimating the angle of inclination of the anode relative to the vertical axis is to use at least one camera by placing it facing each of these vertical planes, at a certain distance, typically a few meters from the anode and orienting it towards the anode rod. With this camera placed and orientated, it is possible to measure, directly or with the aid of an image analysis software, the angle of inclination of the rod relative to the vertical plane passing through the viewing direction V 1 V (respectively WW), that is to say perpendicular to the other direction WW, (respectively VV).
- any pair of orthogonal directions (V 1 V, WW) can be chosen in particular (X'X, Y'Y).
- the vertical planes orthogonal to X 1 X and Y'Y will be chosen, insofar as they make it possible to aim the anode in directions substantially orthogonal to the lateral faces of the rod and of the anode block.
- a second solution for estimating the angle of inclination of the anode with respect to the vertical axis is to use at least one aiming means, for example a laser rangefinder, by placing it facing each of said vertical planes, at a certain distance, typically a few meters, from the anode and orienting it towards the anode rod in the direction of view (VV) (respectively WW), so as to be able to measure the distance which separates the rod from anode of this aiming means along said aiming direction.
- VV direction of view
- the viewing direction (VV) (respectively WW) is substantially parallel to the direction X'X (respectively Y'Y), c ' that is to say that it does with said direction X'X 5 (respectively Y'Y) an angle less than 25 °, preferably 15 °, more preferably 10 °.
- a first way of proceeding consists in placing, in front of this plane, m means of aiming
- Another way of proceeding for this second solution is to place a single sighting means facing each of said vertical planes, but to make, m times during the vertical displacement of the anode, the measure of the distance dj which separates said means. of aiming of the anode rod and to take up during this measurement the position hj of the point of attachment.
- the inclination is estimated by linear regression on all points (dj, hj), the estimate being all the more precise as the time interval between the first and the last measurement is important and typically corresponds to a displacement. the anode rod close to the height of the latter.
- a third solution for estimating the angle of inclination of the anode relative to the vertical axis consists in using two groups of coplanar beams by following the general method described in the French application 04 09508, the beams of each of these groups. being further arranged in a horizontal plane and generally oriented perpendicularly to an edge of the anode block, so that they are disturbed by one and the same edge said block.
- the viewing directions V 1 V and W 1 W coincide with X 1 X and Y 1 Y and is used, to estimate the inclination with respect to each of said vertical planes, a group of horizontal coplanar beams, generally oriented in the direction (X 1 X), (respectively Y 1 Y).
- the coplanar beams of each group are parallel to each other, oriented in a first horizontal direction (X'X, respectively Y 1 Y) and each have a known position in the perpendicular horizontal direction, said second horizontal direction (Y 1 Y , resp., X'X).
- the measurement of the inclination of the anode rod with respect to the vertical plane perpendicular to the first horizontal direction (X 1 X, or Y'Y) is done during a vertical displacement of the anode, the as follows: a) during the descent of the anode, whenever a beam fi of the group oriented along this first horizontal direction (X'X, or Y'Y) is disturbed by the crossing of the surface lower of the anode block, the vertical position (h ⁇ ) of the attachment point is measured; b) knowing the altitude difference H existing between the plane of the beams and the reference level (N), and by taking the point of attachment O as the origin of the reference in the plane OYZ perpendicular to X'X (respectively OXZ) perpendicular to Y'Y), we establish that the ordinate along Z 1 Z of the point of disturbance of the beam is (hi-H).
- the two groups of coplanar beams used in the context of this third solution form horizontal planes each placed at a given fixed distance from the reference level (N). They could form a fixed non-horizontal plane but here again at the cost of adding corrective terms. They are at distinct from the group of coplanar beams which is used in the context of step ii) of the process according to the invention, but the latter can, depending on the operating mode chosen, be chosen to also constitute one of the two groups used in the framework of this third solution.
- the first angle ⁇ can be estimated using a series of rangefinders or a group of beams forming a fixed horizontal plane and the angle ⁇ can be estimated using 'a camera.
- the estimation of each component (a or ⁇ ) of the inclination of the anode rod with respect to the vertical Z 1 Z can be carried out using a process step different from that used for the other component.
- the method step relating to each component being chosen from one of the three solutions proposed above, but being limited to the estimation of this single component (a or ⁇ ).
- step ii) a group of beams which form a variable plane that will be oriented perpendicularly to the rod, therefore parallel to the residual planar surface of the lower face of the anode block: it is necessary to know said inclination before the lower face of the anode block does disturb these said
- step ii) a group of beams forming a fixed plane is used and an overall estimation calculation is made taking into account all the data measured during the vertical movement of the beam.
- the n coplanar beams used in step ii) are advantageously emitted by generators grouped on a platform that can be rotated by independent rotations about two orthogonal axes between them. This therefore requires a first step of measurement for estimating the angle of inclination of the anode rod with respect to Z 1 Z, a second step during which the virtual plane formed by the beams is inclined according to the inclination of the rod, typically by rotation of said platform, and a third step corresponding to step ii), the first two steps must be performed sufficiently quickly, before the lower face of the anode block disturbs the beams.
- This directs the plane of the beams perpendicularly to the anode rod.
- step ii) the vertical displacement of the anode exposed in step ii) is carried out.
- the n h ⁇ values of the position of the hooking point are noted when the n beams are interrupted.
- the values (h ⁇ ) are averaged to derive a position Ti characteristic of crossing the plane of the beams by the flat part of the lower surface of the anode block.
- the length Lo of the anode is then estimated by the following expression:
- Y is the following coordinate W'W of the barycenter of the beam disturbance points. If the beams are all parallel to VV, Y is the average of the W'W coordinates of these beams.
- the n coplanar beams used in step ii) are advantageously emitted by generators grouped on a fixed form, and preferably form a horizontal virtual plane located at a distance H from the reference level (N), In this second operating mode, it is not necessary to know the inclination of the rod before the face bottom of the anode block does not disturb the beams,
- the n beams are grouped and oriented so that they cut only one edge of the anode block.
- n electromagnetic or sound beam generators arranged in such a way that they emit n coplanar beams inclined by less than 25 °, preferably less than 15 °, more preferably less than 10 °, with respect to a direction parallel to X 1 X or Y'Y.
- the corrective term F is close to (br), where b is the half length of the anodic block along X'X (respectively Y'Y) and r is the mean radius of the wear edge of the edge, if it is circular or the half axis along X'X (respectively Y'Y) if it is elliptical.
- this corrective term F is determined beforehand from statistical measurements and may take into account other factors, such as the more or less good linearity of the disturbing edge of the beams, the reception sensitivity of the reflected or diffracted laser beam. by the rounded edge, etc.
- the coplanar beams used in the context of this second operating mode may correspond to one of the two groups used in said third solution.
- the means used for measuring the inclination of the rod and the coplanar beams which are used in step ii) are chosen so that they operate only in a single direction of rotation. referred.
- one or more telemeters may be used to measure the component ce of the inclination of the rod relative to the vertical plane perpendicular to X'X, a camera for estimating the component ⁇ with respect to the vertical plane passing through X'X and a group of coplanar beams generally oriented along X'X and forming a plane with variable orientation
- the rangefinder target the anode rod in a direction inclined by less than 25 °, preferably less than 15 °, more preferably less than 10 ° with respect to the aiming direction.
- the coplanar beams target the anode following a direction inclined less than 25 °, preferably less than 15 °, more preferably less than 10 ° relative to the direction of sight.
- the axis X 1 X being associated with the axis of movement of the gripping member of the anode which is perpendicular to the anode frame, this modality is particularly suitable for a measurement made when the anode is moved near the anode. electrolysis cell during its evacuation or placement in the electrolysis cell.
- all the means used for on-the-fly measurement are advantageously grouped together in a mobile and autonomous measuring unit which can be brought close to the area where the anode is to be replaced. , in the alley that flows between two electrolysis cells.
- the mobile unit is oriented so that the direction (X 1 X) is substantially parallel to the direction of the short side of the electrolysis cell and that said means are oriented in aiming towards the location of the anode to be replaced.
- the Applicant has indeed found, during the manipulations for the replacement of the anodes, that once extracted from the cell, the spent anode has an anode block with generally an anode cover thicker towards the outside of the cell. cell and / or carbon deficiency defects in the inward parts of the cell. The anode then tends to incline substantially with respect to the vertical plane passing through (Y 1 Y).
- the angle ⁇ which in this case is the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical plane perpendicular to (X 1 X), is therefore substantially higher than ⁇ , angle inclin ⁇ ison relative to the vertical plane perpendicular to (Y 1 Y), and its influence on the estimation of the height is amplified by the effect "lever arm” constituted by the corresponding dimensions of the anode block.
- the measurement unit described above which groups together measurement means using a common overall direction of direction substantially parallel to the direction X 1 X, is used.
- the generators of the beams are grouped in this unit so that the plane of the beams can be rotated by an angle a about an axis parallel to the direction (Y 1 Y) (first operating mode) or on the contrary be held fixed horizontally, at a given distance H from the reference level (N) (second procedure).
- the mobile unit In the case of the first operating mode, the mobile unit is placed at the right of the attachment point so that the axis of pivoting of the plane of the beams
- Coplanar is parallel to (Y 1 Y) at a distance f from the hook point in the direction (X 1 X).
- the inclination ⁇ of the anode rod is first measured and then the plane of the beams of said angle ⁇ is rotated relative to the horizontal plane.
- the anode is then moved vertically until the beams are disturbed by the lower surface of the anode block.
- the position h ⁇ of the attachment point is read and an average position h of the attachment point corresponding to the disturbance of the plane of the beams is deduced therefrom.
- the mobile unit In the case of the second operating mode, the mobile unit is placed at the right of the
- the generators are grouped in such a way that they generate n sound or electromagnetic beams, n being at least two, preferably three, coplangires and slightly inclined with respect to XX ', that is to say, typically forming an angle less than 25 °, preferably less than 15 °, more preferably less than 10 ° with respect to (X 1 X), the average inclination of the n bundles being as small as possible, preferably less than 10 °.
- the Applicant has found that in fact the flat area of the lower surface of the anode blocks has a periphery with "edges" which substantially retain the directions (x'x) and ( y'y) axes of the anode. So that coplanar beams little inclined with respect to (X 1 X) will be disturbed by a low edge parallel to (y'y). As indicated above, the spent anode at the cell outlet has this low edge towards the outside of the cell, so that said beams do not feel the influence of the lower surface of the anode block before being interrupted and that they are thus clearly interrupted by the anodic block,
- the beams are oriented such that the barycenter of the disturbed points is located in proximity, typically less than 10 mm, from the vertical point of the attachment point,
- the coplanar beams used in the context of this second operating mode can be parallel to each other and to the X'X direction: in this case, they could also be used to estimate the ⁇ inclination using the third solution described above.
- the unit of measurement may be camera-free.
- the slope is only estimated by extrapolation of data from disturbance points that are supposed to be on the same edge, the risk of error is great if one of these points is on another edge.
- Such a mobile unit should therefore be used with a reliable means, embedded or not in said mobile unit, which makes it possible to verify that the points of disturbance of the beams are located on the same edge,
- the unit of measurement used in the context of the invention comprises two groups of separate means, one of which has the function of estimating the angle of inclination of the anode rod, the other having the function of It is therefore another object of the invention to provide a movable measurement unit comprising: n generators of electromagnetic or sound beams arranged in such a way that they emit n bundles coplanar inclined less than 25 °, preferably less than 15 °, more preferably less than 10 °, with respect to a direction of sight, n being at least equal to two, preferably three,
- each receiver being able to detect the disturbance of the corresponding transmitted beam, and at least one telemeter aiming in an inclined direction of less than 25 °, preferably less than 15 °, more preferably less than 10 °, with respect to said aiming direction.
- this mobile unit also comprises a camera which aims in a direction inclined by less than 25 °, preferably less than 15 °, more preferably less than 10 °, with respect to said aiming direction and which makes it possible to measure the inclination of the anode rod with respect to the vertical plane passing through the aiming direction.
- the movable measuring unit can be arranged in such a way that it comprises all the generators of the coplanar beams and the set of rangefinders intended to measure the inclinations of the minus two stems.
- the mobile unit when the mobile unit is to measure the height of two anodes, the mobile unit is placed between the anodes and average sighting directions are arranged that are as symmetrical as possible with respect to X'X, the mobile unit being placed on said direction X'X at a distance f sufficient so that each of the angles of sight of the beams relating to an anode does not exceed + OR - 20 ° with respect to (X'X) and that the average angle of sight of the beams and of the rangefinder relative to an anode does not exceed + or - 10 ° with respect to (X'X).
- Another object of the invention is the use of the method of on-the-fly measurement of the height of an anode as described above in the context of a process for replacing spent anodes in a production cell. aluminum by igneous electrolysis such as that described in French Application No. 04 09508.
- the mobile measuring unit described above is used by bringing it close to the area where the anode must be replaced , by taking the path that passes between two electrolysis cells (the measuring unit can for example be placed on a vehicle on the ground or suspended on a moving bridge) and by orienting said measurement unit so that the direction (X 1 X) coincides with the direction of the short side of said electrolysis cell.
- Figure 1 shows, front view, a new anode vertically placed just before a gripping member seizes.
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents the anode grasped by the gripping member, the different axis systems (x'x, y'y, z'z), (X 1 X, Y 1 Y, Z 1 Z) and (V 1 V, W 1 W, Z 1 Z), the point of attachment, corresponding to the origin O of the OXYZ mark, as well as the means used for the on-the-fly measurement of the height of the anode.
- Figure 3 illustrates, seen in section, a typical electrolysis workshop for the production of aluminum and comprising a service unit shown schematically.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the use of a particular modality of the on-the-fly measurement method of the height of an anode according to the invention, in the context of the replacement of spent anodes in an aluminum production cell by igneous electrolysis.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 shows a particular embodiment of the measuring method according to the invention, in which a mobile measurement unit 80 comprises means generally oriented along X 1 X.
- the anode 20 comprises a rod 22 and an anode block 21.
- the gripping member 13a is arranged in such a way that, when the new anode is suspended, the directions x'x and y'y remain parallel to the directions X'X and Y 1 Y which are parallel respectively to the small and the large side of the electrolysis cell, the direction of the long side coinciding with that of the anode frame 23 on which the anode is connected.
- the worn anode When suspended, the worn anode no longer has the initial equilibrium so that its axes x'x, y'y, z'z are no longer parallel to the axes X 1 X, Y 1 Y and Z'Z .
- the problem is to obtain, without immobilizing the anode, and whatever its state of wear, an estimate as faithful as possible of the distance Lo between the lower surface 21a of the anode block 21 and the attachment point O.
- the gripping member 13a moves vertically and grasps the anode so that the rod does not rotate about its axis z'z.
- This gripping member used for changing the anodes 20 in an electrolysis cell 2 is fixed on a positioning member 13b attached to the carriage 7 of a service machine 6 which rolls on a movable bridge 5 adapted to be translated. in the electrolysis workshop 1, above and along the series of cells electrolysis.
- Said positioning member 13b is typically a telescopic arm arranged vertically composed of at least two masts 13b.l and 13b.2 sliding one inside the other, the mast 13b.2 being moved by an actuator and being guided by the Another mast 13b.l which is attached to the service machine 6.
- the gripping member 13a is an anode clamp which, attached to the end of the mast 13b.2, moves vertically without undergoing any rotation or rotation around it. the z'z axis nor significant transverse horizontal displacement.
- the clamp comprises articulated branches 130 which pivot about a horizontal axis m which remains parallel to Y 1 Y.
- Each articulated branch of the clamp comprises a pawl 131, which is inserted with clearance in a bore 22b of the rod.
- Blanks (not shown) are framed on the other faces of the rod, so that when the clamp is closed, the end of the rod can not undergo any relative displacement, axial or transverse, relative to the organ of
- the gripping member 13a is provided with a displacement sensor (not shown) which makes it possible to measure the vertical position of a particular point M of the gripping member with respect to a horizontal reference level (N). 0
- the sensor is placed so that one of its ends is attached to the base of the telescopic mast, the altitude of which serves as the horizontal reference level (N). Its other end is fixed on the particular point of the gripping member.
- the anode 20 is moved vertically downwards so that its lower surface 21a passes through a horizontal plane P formed by n (n typically between 3 and 5) beams (f 1, ..., fi, ..., f n ) electromagnetic waves generated using laser generators 52.
- the plane P is located at a known distance H from the reference level N.
- the beams are oriented such that the barycenter of the disturbed points (Bi, ..., BB n ) is located near the vertical of the point of attachment O, Typically within 10 mm of this, the XX 'direction itself corresponds to the direction of the long side of the anode and the short side of the electrolysis cell.
- step H the position of the anchoring point O is known at all times: its vertical distance from the reference level N is deduced from the vertical position of the particular point M given by the displacement sensor and its coordinates in the horizontal plane are determined by the respective positions of the mobile bridge and the carriage carrying the service machine to which the positioning member is fixed and whose displacement directions are parallel to the directions X 1 X and Y 1 Y,
- the anode is then subjected to a vertical translation movement downwards, so that the lower surface 21a of the anode block 21 passes through the horizontal plane P of the beams.
- the worn anode being unbalanced, the lower surface 21a of the anode block is not parallel to the plane P, so that said plane P intersects the anode block along a curve 60 which is not parallel to the edge of the block and that the beams are not disturbed simultaneously.
- the detectors (not shown) and the generators 52 of the laser beams are arranged so that each detector can detect the beam produced by the associated generator and reflected by the anode block.
- each detector can detect the beam produced by the associated generator and reflected by the anode block.
- This embodiment has the advantage of allowing the detector and the generator to be grouped geographically in one and the same place, In the particular case of this example the coplanar beams (fi fi, ..., f n ) intersect. It would also be possible to use n parallel beams with each other, preferably an odd number of equidistant beams, by arranging for the middle beam to arrive vertically above the point of attachment,
- a laser rangefinder 70 which aims at the rod 22 along X 1 X.
- the inclination a is determined by measuring the horizontal distance between the laser rangefinder 70 and a point T of the rod 22 at several different times,
- the measurement is made m times during the vertical displacement of the anode of the distance dj to the anode rod, and during this measurement the position hj of the hooking point O is recorded.
- the inclination is estimated by regression. linear on all points (dj, hj).
- the time interval between the first and the last measurement is chosen so that it corresponds to a displacement of the anode rod of the order of 1 meter.
- the thickness of the rod (typically 50 mm or more) is such that one can always have a reflection or diffraction of the laser beam on the face of the rod despite the inclination thereof (typically less than 3 ° ).
- the generators 52 of the laser beams, the detectors as well as the laser rangefinder 70 are grouped together on the same mobile measurement unit 80 mounted on a motor vehicle able to circulate in the alley that is between two electrolysis cells, perpendicular to the circulation lane 3, and which makes it possible to bring said measurement unit close to the zone where the anode is to be replaced.
- the measurement is made after the anode is disconnected from the anode frame 23 and sufficiently far from the cell 2 so that it can rise vertically.
- a first rise is made until the point M of the anode clamp reaches a vertical position ho given, then the anode is re-lowered until the anodic block disturbs all the n parallel beams.
- the departure altitude is sufficiently high for the estimate of the slope to be made with a height difference of about 1 meter
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2007255264A AU2007255264A1 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2007-06-01 | Method of measuring, on the fly, the height of an electrolysis anode |
EP07788823A EP2027308A2 (fr) | 2006-06-09 | 2007-06-01 | Procede de mesure a la volee de la hauteur d'une anode d'electrolyse |
CA002654140A CA2654140A1 (fr) | 2006-06-09 | 2007-06-01 | Procede de mesure a la volee de la hauteur d'une anode d'electrolyse |
US12/303,575 US20100172544A1 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2007-06-01 | Method of measuring, on the fly, the height of an electrolysis anode |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0605125 | 2006-06-09 | ||
FR0605125A FR2902113B1 (fr) | 2006-06-09 | 2006-06-09 | Procede de mesure a la volee de la hauteur d'une anode d'electrolyse |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007141412A2 true WO2007141412A2 (fr) | 2007-12-13 |
WO2007141412A3 WO2007141412A3 (fr) | 2008-09-12 |
Family
ID=37709756
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2007/000911 WO2007141412A2 (fr) | 2006-06-09 | 2007-06-01 | Procede de mesure a la volee de la hauteur d'une anode d'electrolyse |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100172544A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2027308A2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101501248A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2007255264A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2654140A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2902113B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2008152800A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007141412A2 (fr) |
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WO2020039150A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Fives Ecl | Système de caractérisation d'une géométrie d'une charge suspendue, procédé utilisant un tel système et installation de production d'aluminium par électrolyse comprenant un tel système |
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NO343337B1 (en) * | 2017-05-29 | 2019-02-04 | Norsk Hydro As | Device for gripping an anode for lifting operations and method for operating same |
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GB202104621D0 (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-05-12 | Alumatlq As | Anode handling system and method of use |
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-
2007
- 2007-06-01 RU RU2008152800/02A patent/RU2008152800A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-06-01 WO PCT/FR2007/000911 patent/WO2007141412A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-06-01 EP EP07788823A patent/EP2027308A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-01 CA CA002654140A patent/CA2654140A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-01 US US12/303,575 patent/US20100172544A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-01 AU AU2007255264A patent/AU2007255264A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2020039150A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Fives Ecl | Système de caractérisation d'une géométrie d'une charge suspendue, procédé utilisant un tel système et installation de production d'aluminium par électrolyse comprenant un tel système |
FR3085204A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-28 | Fives Ecl | Systeme de caracterisation d'une geometrie d'une charge suspendue, procede utilisant un tel systeme et installation de production d'aluminium par electrolyse comprenant un tel systeme |
CN114593711A (zh) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-06-07 | 河南省科学院同位素研究所有限责任公司 | 非接触地下管道二维毫米级沉降实时监控方法 |
CN114593711B (zh) * | 2022-03-17 | 2023-06-16 | 河南省科学院同位素研究所有限责任公司 | 非接触地下管道二维毫米级沉降实时监控方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2007255264A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
CN101501248A (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
RU2008152800A (ru) | 2010-07-20 |
CA2654140A1 (fr) | 2007-12-13 |
FR2902113B1 (fr) | 2008-08-08 |
EP2027308A2 (fr) | 2009-02-25 |
FR2902113A1 (fr) | 2007-12-14 |
US20100172544A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
WO2007141412A3 (fr) | 2008-09-12 |
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