WO2007124697A1 - Immeuble à étages multiples ou de grande hauteur avec un espace concave continu - Google Patents
Immeuble à étages multiples ou de grande hauteur avec un espace concave continu Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007124697A1 WO2007124697A1 PCT/CN2007/001492 CN2007001492W WO2007124697A1 WO 2007124697 A1 WO2007124697 A1 WO 2007124697A1 CN 2007001492 W CN2007001492 W CN 2007001492W WO 2007124697 A1 WO2007124697 A1 WO 2007124697A1
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- building
- space
- recessed space
- recessed
- unit
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
- E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of construction, and in particular relates to a multi-storey or high-rise building suitable for residential, office or commercial use. Background technique
- the World Health Organization's Constitution defines health as: "Health is not only the elimination of disease or cowardice, but the complete health of the body, mind and society. This is what people mean by physical and mental health, that is, A person is healthy in all aspects of physical health, mental health, social well-being and moral health. He is a completely healthy person.
- Physical health generally refers to the health of the human body.
- Mental health generally has three aspects: First, people with healthy psychology, personality is complete, self-feeling is good Emotions are stable, positive emotions are more than dissipated emotions, have better self-control ability, can maintain psychological balance, have self-esteem, self-love, self-confidence and self-knowledge; second, a person is in his own place In the environment, there is a sense of security, and can maintain normal interpersonal relationships, and can be welcomed and information by others. Third, healthy people have clear goals for the future, can be realistic and continuous, and have ideals. And the pursuit of career.
- Social adaptation refers to a person's psychological activities and behaviors, can adapt to the complex environmental changes at that time, understand for others, and be accepted by everyone. The most important thing for moral health is not to satisfy others' interests. Need, have the right and wrong to distinguish between true and false, good and evil, honor and disgrace, beauty and ugliness, can be recognized by society Constraining and governing one's own behavior for normative norms can contribute to human happiness.
- Normal interpersonal communication can promote people's mental health, social adaptation and moral health. .
- the current homes are basically set up on natural grounds suitable for these activities, and the upper floor is better equipped with an overhead layer for outdoor activities on the ground.
- Sky garden refers to a public place built on the roof or floor of a building above the natural ground for people to carry out outdoor activities and promote exchanges.
- the shelf-type sky garden is a combination of a plurality of upper and lower facing gardens, and is similar in form to an outwardly open shelf for placing articles, and each shelf is a unit garden 100.
- Each unit garden 100 provides an outdoor activity place shared by most people on the floor, usually occupying two or more floors, and some of the real estate's shelf-style sky gardens are stacked from the bottom of the building to the top floor. It provides a place for people on some floors to conduct outdoor activities and interactions.
- the shelf-style sky garden also has the following drawbacks:
- Each unit garden 100 usually occupies two or more floors, but only has a place for communication at the bottom of each unit garden 100. Generally, there is no outdoor staircase at the bottom that can reach the upper floor. Or other outdoor connectivity. Thus, the belonging garden 100 has a domain feature belonging to only the floor on which the bottom is located, and a shelf-type empty garden provides only those who have at least 1/2 of the floor to act and psychologically belong to their outdoor activities.
- each unit garden 100 is not conducive to the joint activities and interactions of personnel between the multiple floors.
- the upper and lower unit gardens 100 of the shelf-type sky garden are isolated from each other, which hinders the interaction of the personnel of the adjacent gardens, and the resources of the respective unit gardens 100 are difficult to share.
- each unit garden '100 area is small, the form landscape is relatively monotonous, the spatial scale is small, the content of the space is monotonous, compared with the house, the central garden, the square in the lighting, ventilation, grounding, communication scale, etc. There is still a big gap in terms.
- Unit Garden 100 Due to the small size and the participation of people without multiple floors, less valuable activities are held, which is not popular.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above prior art, and to provide a better quality communication for people on the same floor and different floors, and more convenient outdoor activities and cultures. Multi-layer or high-rise buildings that are spread.
- a further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-storey or high-rise building having an outdoor activity space that has both personnel traffic and evacuation functions.
- a further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-storey or high-rise building that is advantageous for the vigorous outdoor activities and communication spaces in which wind and water flow therebetween.
- a further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-storey or high-rise building having a sloping garden that naturally extends to the ground and the roof, to solve the long-term problem that the roof of the ordinary building is difficult to utilize, and to expand the space for outdoor activities and interaction again. And hierarchy.
- a further technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-storey or high-rise building having a place where mountain climbing is performed all the time.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: Providing a multi-storey or high-rise building, wherein the outer façade is continuously recessed into the upper floor and the lower wall to form an outdoor activity therein.
- the recessed space, the recessed space penetrates in the extending direction thereof, the bottom structure has a plurality of steps, and the bottom of the recessed space spans and connects at least three natural floors, and the top structure of the intrusion space is also a plurality of steps, the slope of the step is consistent with the bottom;
- the bottom of the recessed space I is divided into a plurality of unit sites according to the step surface, and some of the unit sites with higher elevations are provided with a unit site leading to a lower elevation
- the entrance to the lower elevation, the unit site of the lower elevation has a space for placing a mobile finished staircase for the person to reach the unit site of the higher elevation or between the unit site of the higher elevation for the person to reach the An outdoor step, ramp or stairway of a unit site with a high elevation, connected
- the recessed space extends along the facade of the building and turns with the turning of the facade of the building.
- the recessed space extends a distance along one of the façades, penetrates the building, and continues to extend along the façade of the building.
- the recessed space extends obliquely upward from the ground or a roof or platform that is close to the ground as a transportation organization hub.
- the recessed space extends to the roof of the building. More specifically, the bottom structure of the unit site further extends toward its outer space to form an enlarged bottom activity site.
- the facade of the building has vertical recesses for ventilation and daylighting, the recessed spaces passing through the recesses and partially overlapping the recessed portions.
- a plurality of floors in the building room are connected to the recessed space to provide an enclosure structure separating the indoor and outdoor.
- the partial enclosure structure is provided with an evacuation door, and the recessed space is a fire evacuation passage.
- the building has a plurality of recessed spaces parallel to each other on its unfolding surface, the recessed space extending upward to the bottom layer of the roof of the building or the bottom layer of the top duplex unit, two adjacent The horizontal spacing of the unit sites at the same elevation in the recessed space is less than 100 meters.
- one end of the building has an unobstructed roof garden parallel to the recessed space on its unfolding surface, and the retracted roof garden has a roof connected to the ground or close to the ground as a transportation organization hub or The passage on the platform that meets the requirements for fire evacuation, the intrusion space and the retracted roof garden extend up to the top of the roof of the building or the bottom floor of the top duplex unit.
- the horizontal spacing between the recessed space and the retracted roof garden is less than
- part or all of the recessed space is greened to become an aerial garden.
- the stepped recesses are soiled on the slopes, and a landscape combining the slopes or the slopes is formed in the recessed spaces.
- a drop waterfall spanning a plurality of unit sites is built using the height difference of the site.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1.
- the recessed space of the present invention is stepped, and can provide a public place for promoting residents and outdoor activities with substantially the same area and functions for residents of each floor. .
- the present invention connects a plurality of unit sites, the sites on each floor are shared, and the horizontal communication and vertical communication of the entire building are concentrated together, thus providing a place for promoting floor residents and outdoor activities.
- the area of the site is large, and the area enjoyed by each floor has been expanded several times to several tens of times. It can hold large-scale community activities, such as art, crafts, music, gardening, literature, etc., and become cultural communication.
- the base is also a place for appreciation.
- the quality of the communication is high.
- the terraced garden is divided into continuous floor space by nature, which not only promotes the staff of this floor.
- the high-quality interaction can also promote the high-quality interaction between the people on multiple floors;
- the site is fully utilized. Because the event venues on multiple floors are shared, people can enjoy the facilities of other floors and participate in the outdoor of other floors. Activities; d. There is a qualitative change in the ventilation, grounding, and communication scale of the recessed space; e.
- High-quality landscaping environment offers a variety of landscapes that can be easily ground slopes, cascading waterfalls, improve people's physical and mental condition at the time of intercourse; f, eliminating the dead space of the space, each unit site is often in various intentional or unintentional monitoring, to avoid becoming a space for crime; g, specific for the following activities: the place where the elderly talk, study, read Quiet space for use, public swimming pool, primary school play area, spacious sunbathing area, unattended children can also enjoy peace of mind, fun meeting place, slide show and video film venue, various fun works and advertising posters Exhibition venues, etc. 3.
- the recessed space can be used as a smoke-proof evacuation staircase to reduce or even replace the indoor fire-fighting staircase.
- the recessed space has the effect of simulating the natural fitness of mountain climbing. 5.
- the recessed space can connect the ground flower and the roof garden, and connect the ground and each floor to the roof of the building visually and behaviorally. People can easily reach the roof and make full use of the roof. 6. Because the landscape is good, some people who love health and health awareness can choose to enter and exit from the recessed space, thus reducing the frequency of use of the elevator and saving energy. 7.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a conventional building having a cargo-rejected sky garden.
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a plan view of one of the neighborhood units of the embodiment of Figure 2.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of one of the neighborhood units of the embodiment shown in FIG.
- Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a plan view of one of the neighborhood units of the embodiment of Figure 7.
- Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of the bottom of the recessed space in the building of the present invention spanning at least three floors. detailed description
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is a first embodiment of the present invention
- the multi-layer or high building The façade is continuously recessed into the upper and lower outer wall surfaces to form a recessed space 10 for people to perform outdoor activities therein.
- the recessed space 10 penetrates in the extending direction thereof, and the bottom portion 1 1 has a plurality of steps, and the bottom portion 1 1 of the recessed space 10 spans and connects at least three natural floors.
- the top 12 structure of the recessed space 10 also has a plurality of steps, and the slope of the step coincides with the bottom 1 1 .
- the bottom portion 1 1 of the recessed space 10 is divided into a plurality of unit sites 10a in a stepped surface.
- the higher elevation unit site 10a is provided with an entrance 13 leading to a lower elevation unit site 10a, and the lower elevation unit site 10a has a space or space for placing a mobile finished staircase for people to reach a higher elevation unit site 10a.
- the unit elevations 10a of the higher elevations there are outdoor steps, ramps or stairs for the people to reach the unit elevation 10a of the higher elevation, which connects the ground of the unit site 10a, in this embodiment, between the unit sites 10a
- a plurality of natural floors connecting the plurality of unit sites 10a are provided with structural openings 15 of a size that are accessible to the person.
- the recessed space 10 of the present invention can extend obliquely upward from the floor 20 or the roof or platform adjacent to the ground 20 as a transportation organization hub and extend all the way to the roof 30 of the building (of course, it can also extend only to the top or top The bottom layer of the duplex unit).
- the recessed space 10 can be used as a simulated hiking place to Further, the present invention connects the floor 20 and the floors to the roof 30 of the building visually and behaviorally, and the roof 30 is easily accessible, so that the roof 30 can be fully utilized.
- the column 16 or the beam may be provided in the recessed space 10 of the present invention for receiving the upper load.
- a retaining structure 17 may be provided at a position where each unit site 10a is close to the facade.
- the recessed depth of each unit site 10a is smaller than the depth of the building. Of course, it can also be equal to the depth of the building, that is, through the building.
- the recessed space 10 in this embodiment provides a wider outdoor activity venue for people.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 A fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , which is different from the above embodiment in that the recessed space 10 in the embodiment extends obliquely upward along a façade for a distance. Through the building, continue to extend obliquely upward along the facade of the building.
- the extending direction of the recessed space 10 is not limited to extending obliquely upward, and may have various extending manners.
- the recessed space may extend obliquely upward for a distance, horizontally extend, and then continue to extend obliquely upward. Wait.
- the bottom structure of the unit floor 10a of the recessed space 10 described above may further extend toward the outer space to form an enlarged bottom activity place.
- a fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the building in the sixth embodiment shown in Fig. 10 is a tower building, the recessed space 10 is spirally rising, extending along the facade of the building, and with the turning of the facade of the building Transition.
- the recessed space 10 extends obliquely upward along one of the façades for a distance, runs through the building, and continues to extend obliquely upward along the facade of the building, and The façade of the building turns and turns, and thus spirals upward.
- the recessed space 10 is partially enclosed by the outer wall of the building on the plane, except for the floor of the corner unit space 10b (shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11), and the other layers are recessed into the outer wall of the outer wall (eg The length of the broken line frame A in Fig. 3) is longer than the length of the open surface B (shown in Fig. 3).
- the plurality of floor connection recessed spaces 10 in the building of the present invention may be provided with a surrounding structure for separating the indoor and outdoor parts, and the partial retaining structure is provided with an evacuation door, and the recessed space 10 can be used as a fire protection. Evacuation routes.
- a plurality of recessed spaces 10 (shown in Figure 5) may be provided in the building of the present invention. These recessed spaces 10 are parallel to each other on the unfolding surface of the building, and the recessed spaces 10 extend upward to the top or top of the building.
- the bottom layer of the duplex unit, the horizontal spacing of the unit spaces 10a of the adjacent two recessed spaces 10 at the same level is less than 100 meters, so that the room between the two recessed spaces 10 meets the two-way safe evacuation in the fire code of the building design. Distance requirements.
- one end of the building of the present invention may be disposed on the unfolding roof garden 50 (shown in Figures 2, 4 and 9) on the unfolding surface of the building parallel to the recessed space 10, the retractable roof garden
- the 50 is provided with a passage on the roof or platform connecting the ground 20 or close to the ground 20 as a traffic organization hub, and the recessed space 10 and the retracted roof garden 50 extend upward to the top 30 or top duplex unit of the building.
- the bottom layer, the horizontal spacing between the recessed space 10 and the retracted roof garden 50 is less than 100 meters, so that the room in between meets the requirements for two-way safe evacuation distance in the building design fire code.
- the two structural openings 15 between the two are 'one neighboring unit, and the two ends of the adjacent unit are recessed into the space through the structural opening 15 respectively - 10 and the retracted roof garden 50.
- the recessed space 10 can be used as a public or semi-public outdoor space, and the people in the floor can reach the ground without going through the stairs or the elevator, and can communicate in the recessed space 10 for outdoor activities.
- partial or full greening may be performed to become a sky garden, for example, between the unit spaces 10a of the recessed spaces 10, and the stepped recesses are stacked with soil in a slope.
- a sloping landscape similar to the roof garden 50 in Figure 4
- a combination of sloping land, planting trees or flowers on the soil setting up planting pool greening in the recessed space 10 and the retreat roof garden 50 Or covered greening, etc., to form an embedded sloping garden, which on the one hand increases the green area, alleviates the heat island effect generated by the building, and at the same time, serves as a tourist
- the garden, the resting place, the viewing place, the recessed space 10 and the retreat roof garden 50 are used to set a drop waterfall that spans the plurality of unit sites 10a, and the like.
- the multi-layer or high-rise building of the invention is suitable for communication and outdoor activities, and the utility model has the advantages of low cost, solves the shortcomings of the aforementioned shelf-type sky garden, and creatively adds the courtyard style of the traditional Chinese house to the alley, the lane, the inner and the west.
- the house is built in a multi-storey or high-rise building.
- a modern Taoyuan scene is presented: All residents walk an average of 20 meters and can reach a large garden with a natural hillside.
- the hillside is planted with plants of different ecological communities, Xiyang, shade-tolerant or pro Water, if you walk down the hillside, you can reach the ground directly, climb up the hillside, and reach the hilltop garden.
- the hillside gardens are naturally and properly divided into successive floor space spaces. These two adjacent floor space spaces are connected by a mountaineering channel with fitness, traffic and evacuation functions to form an outdoor activity place with a large space scale. It can perfectly carry out small to private conversations, special gatherings of neighbors on the same floor, and thousands of people participating in the performances. It can conditionally allow thousands of residents living in a building to inadvertently get to know each other and become good friends with each other to build a community of friendly and united security. The children formed a companion on the hillside at the doorstep. They recognized almost all of their peers living on this hillside. They played games horr and shared the various interesting characters and things they saw. In the winter, the old people mostly basking on the slopes of the hills and drying the quilts.
- the hillside garden provides an all-weather activity venue.
- the building of the present invention includes buildings of any building height with multiple floors, including supertall buildings.
- the recessed space of the present invention is recessed into the upper floor and the lower wall of the lower floor, meaning that it is concave at the same time, and the range refers to the intersection of the two.
- the unit site When the unit site is on the natural ground, it can also be only concave.
- the extent of the outer wall of the floor, its concave range location has similar features and benefits of the non-ground unit site.
- the recessed space is recessed into the outer wall surface of the lower floor, and the roof of the lower room can be used as an activity place. Compared with the floor panel which protrudes from the outer wall surface of the lower floor, the present invention makes full use of the roof of the lower room, saving cost and building space.
- the area or coverage area is small, the land is saved, the strength and stability of the structure are good, and it is beneficial to bear large loads and is beneficial to landscaping.
- the recessed space is recessed into the outer wall of the upper floor, making full use of the floor slab of the upper room, so that the floor slab has the function of awning, and has certain functions of sheltering from the wind and sheltering the sun.
- the recessed space is recessed into the upper and lower outer wall surfaces at the same time, forming a feature that the concave space is enclosed by the outer wall, making it more suitable for communication, and further enhancing the function of sheltering from the wind and sheltering the sun; recessed space Extending along the depth of the building and reaching deep into the center of the building, facilitating direct connection to the inner gallery of the building, making it possible to
- the recessed space can be seen in multiple locations, and the recessed garden space penetrates into the depth of the building, effectively improving the environmental quality of the building's depth, and the recessed space minimizes the lighting and line of sight interference of the building, and is beneficial to the interior of the building. Ventilation; Conducive to the use of a large depth of the building on the plane, so that the building has a better ground effect, and the roof is easier to use.
- the recessed space of the present invention is used as an outdoor activity space, and the outdoor activity space means that a large area of at least one surface of the space is open to the outside, so that temperature, humidity, even noise, and wind environment in the space are synchronously changed with the adjacent outdoor environment. It is not easy to control the emperor. Activities refer to activities that are narrowly defined, and do not include activities such as the view of a stationary standing state, especially the activities of multiple people, the size of which can accommodate at least one standard adult to walk back and forth.
- the recessed space of the present invention penetrates in the extending direction thereof, and refers to the penetration between adjacent unit sites, that is, at least one point on the unit site of the lower elevation that people can normally reach and move, and the person at this point
- the unobstructed object can see the space directly above the adjacent higher elevation unit site, and at the same time, the higher elevation unit has at least one point where people can normally reach and move.
- the person at this point can be unblocked.
- the obstruction includes a transparent object that is substantially shadowless to the vision, such as a fixed door and window glass. Another way of judging is that there is a certain area of opening between the partitions, so that the air can flow directly in a straight line, and the smallest area is equivalent to the area of a minimum door for normal passage.
- the bottom knot gun refers to the sum of the vertical envelope structure between the structural floor slab and the floor slab of the building, and the vertical return structure is equivalent to the stop surface of the step and the tread surface corresponding to the step of the floor.
- the bottom is in the form of a plurality of steps, and means at least two steps, that is, at least three unit sites of different elevations.
- the structural floor may be slightly inclined to facilitate drainage of the roof.
- the step shape may be a stepped step in which the stop surface and the tread surface are neatly arranged, or a step having only a tread surface but no stop surface or a retracted surface.
- the bottom structural panel can be considered as a step. If the height difference between two adjacent bottom structural panels is less than or equal to 80 cm, it acts as a step because the height of 80 cm is slightly lower than the height of the eyes of most children who are just able to move themselves, the child can see At this height of the ground floor and on the activities carried out, it is capable of boarding a site of 80 cm height with the aid of simple tools.
- the structure with the height difference of the adjacent step treads not exceeding 80 cm is often on both sides of a beam, and is simultaneously connected with the beam to form a beam-slab structure having a cross-section of a "Z" shape.
- the stepped bottom of the recessed space of the present invention spans and connects at least three natural floors, wherein the stepped bottom means that the stop faces between the stepped surfaces of the steps and the adjacent steps are alternately connected end to end according to the slope direction of the steps.
- Continuous stepped housing the bottom spans three natural floors means that only the elevation of the structural elevation of the lower elevation unit floor is lower than the elevation of the roof E of the adjacent lower floor D by 2 or 2 meters.
- the unit site is calculated to span the lower floor D; only when the structural plate surface C of the higher elevation unit site is higher than the adjacent floor D and the floor beam bottom E' elevation is The unit site is considered to span the higher floor D,.
- the lower and upper floors D, D' and the floor D" between them are the floors that the stepped bottom spans.
- the bottom connecting three natural floors has two meanings at the same time:
- the first meaning is the shell At least one point in the body is connected to the slab structure of the three natural floors or the beam supporting the slab structure, such a connection substantially creates conditions for a person in a plurality of building floors to reach the bottom of the recessed space.
- the structural panel of the unit site is generally lower than the indoor building elevation of the floor, so as to insulate, green and effectively prevent the rainwater from pouring into the room;
- the second meaning is that there are conditions between the multiple unit sites at the bottom.
- the stepped bottom structure of the recessed space of the building of the present invention spans and connects at least three natural floors, which has the following beneficial effects:
- the four-input space serves as a passage connecting multiple floors and has the characteristics of the outdoor slope.
- the recessed space serves as a common activity place for multiple floors, and has the characteristics of natural division of various layers, which is conducive to communication.
- the form of the earth is natural and forms a unique sloping landscape. It also makes the terrain of the recessed space soothing.
- the various plants planted on and under the sloping land are naturally halved in another field. Different planting strengths can form different areas of enclosing strength and create a variety of forms of communication space.
- the upper and lower sides are stepped recessed spaces, and the vertical traffic structure and greening, such as stairs connecting the stepped treads, are in the form of a gap on the cliff, which is shaped like a ladder when it extends to the ground or roof.
- the top structure of the 1HJ inlet space of the present invention has a plurality of stepped shapes, and the slope direction of the step is consistent with the bottom portion.
- the stepped roof has the following beneficial effects as compared with the usual large flat roof:
- the aforementioned mobile finished staircase refers to various types of stairs that can be purchased and customized directly at the mall, which can be moved or easily disassembled for movement and reassembly by ordinary personnel.
- the aforementioned outdoor steps, ramps or stairs leading to adjacent higher elevation unit sites include escalators, ladders, gardening steps, bridges, and garden slopes.
- the above-mentioned plurality of natural floors are connected to a plurality of unit sites, and the structural opening is available for the passage of the structure.
- the structural opening means that there is sufficient space between the structural members (such as beams, plates, columns, etc.) at the floor connecting unit site. Inter-spacing, in which a passage for the person to reach the ground of the unit site from the floor in the floor room can be set.
- the recessed space of the present invention is partially enclosed by the outer wall of the building in the plane means that it is displayed on the floor plan, and the recessed space has at least one curved outer wall or at least two straight outer walls.
- the merged area partially coincides with the recessed space.
- the exterior wall of the building refers to the vertical maintenance structure of the indoor and outdoor buildings, which can be structural columns, beams, shear walls, load-bearing walls or infill walls, doors and windows of buildings.
- the corner in the floor to which the corner unit space belongs belongs to the angle of the building on the plane, especially the angle of the angle less than 150 degrees.
- the recessed space has a strong plane enclosing feature, but the corner portion is obviously weakened.
- the length of the upper surface of the recessed space on the upper surface may be smaller than the length of the open surface.
- the corner unit site refers to a unit site with two sides belonging to two sides of the building's male corner.
- the floor to which the unit site space belongs refers to one or more floors to which the space range between the highest top and the lowest bottom of the unit site belongs.
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Description
具有连续凹入空间的多层或高层建筑物 技术领域
本发明属于建筑领域, 尤其涉及一种适用于居住、 办公或商业的 多层或高层建筑物。 背景技术
世界人口正在急剧增加, 每个人都有要求居住、 生存和工作的权 利, 然而全球的土地资源却是有限的, 土地并不会随人口增加, 这就 注定大部分国家, 比如中国, 不能像少数国家如美国那样, 一家一套 别墅。 为了保护珍贵有限的土地资源, 保证国家的可持续发展, 中国 国家政府正在出台在部分城市中禁止独立式別墅和严格限制联排式 住宅建造的政策, 中国绝大部分市民注定了要住在集合式住宅中。 为 了在有限的土地上建造更多的房屋, 现有的建筑越建越高、 越建越密 集, 作为城市居民们大部分活动开展的场所, 建筑和人们的健康密切 相关。 在建筑上就近提供适于户外活动和交往的场所是保证人们健康 的重要措施, 然而, 这个问题一直没有得到很好地解决。
首先是交往。 世界卫生组织 《组织法》 对健康的定义是: "健康 不仅为疾病或羸弱之消除, 而系体格、 精神与社会之完全健康状态。 ,, 这就是人们所指的身心健康, 也就是说, 一个人在躯体健康、 心理健 康、 社会适应良好和道德健康四方面都健全, 才是完全健康的人。
有人对上述几方面的健康作了如下解释: "躯体健康一般指人体 生理的健康。 心理健康一般有三个方面的标志: 第一, 具备健康的心 理的人, 人格是完整的, 自我感觉是良好的, 情绪是稳定的, 积极情 绪多于消级情绪, 有较好的自控能力, 能保持心理上的平衡, 有自尊、 自爱、 自信心以及有自知之明; 第二, 一个人在自 己所处的环境中, 有充分的安全感, 且能保持正常的人际关系, 能受到别人的欢迎和信 息; 第三, 健康的人对未来有明确的生活目标, 能切合实际地、 不断 地进取, 有理想和事业的追求。 社会适应良好指一个人的心理活动和 行为, 能适应当时复杂的环境变化, 为他人所理解, 为大家所接受。 道德健康最主要的是不以损害他人利益来满足自 己的需要, 有辨别真 伪、 善恶、 荣辱、 美丑等是非观念, 能按社会认为规范的准则约束、 支配自 己的行为, 能为人类的幸福作贡献。 ,,
正常的人际交往能促进人们的心理健康、 社会适应良好和道德健 康三方面的健全。 .
作为一个社会的人, 居住建筑和办公建筑 (特别是居住建筑) 的 人员都有和邻居交往的欲望要求。 对于住宅来说, 和谐的邻里关系显 i认本
得特别重要, 它有利于小区和邻里之间实际和心理安全, 多交朋友增 进友谊有利于邻居们的身心健康, 建立牢固的人脉关系是居民联系社 会的重要纽带, 同时人脉也是钱脉, 对居民也同时具有重大的经济价 值。 邻居可能共住几十年, 而同事有几年就难得了。 对于有正常读书 或职业的中青年人, 住宅及其周边场所是尤为重要的交往场所, 对于 主要生活在住宅中的老年人和儿童来说, 住宅及其周边更是重要性无 法替代的重要交往场所, 然而遗憾的是, 现有的住宅楼较少考虑到居 民的这种较高层次的要求, 较少设置具有交往价值的邻里空间, 使得 现实中居民们往往"老死不相往来,,, 这与人们倡导的构建和谐社会的 方向是背道而驰的。
其次, 是户外运动。 能够随意在户外活动, 如步行、 交往、 娱乐 运动、 健身、 感受自然等, 也是生活和工作在建筑内的人们的本能要 求。 这些对于住在别墅和联排式住宅中的人不成问题, 在城市化以前 人们千百年住在平房中能轻易达到, 然而对于现在的多层或高层建筑 却显得困难。 现在的住宅基本将适合于开展这些活动的场所设置在自 然的地面, 好一点的在地面上设置了底部可供户外活动的架空层。 然 而, 在多层的楼中的人们通常要通过狭窄枯燥的楼梯才能到达地面进 行户外活动, 这对于住在较高楼层的居民就不够方便; 住在高层的楼 中的人们要通过等待, 被关进牢笼式的电梯轿厢中, 并经常被多次无 法掌控地叫停, 才能到达地面进行户外活动, 尤其对于儿童, 其存在 不安全因素,三、四岁的儿童对电梯和自动关闭大门的使用比较困难, 越是居住在高处的儿童其单独外出变得越 ®难, 这已成为阻碍室外游 玩活动的主要原因。
与可能达到的理想居住场所相比, 现在的绝大多数多层和高层住 宅只是部分提供了最低限度的躯体健康的条件的解决。 它没有提供就 近适于运动和交往的场所, 没有给居民们提供具有邻里感受的住宅, 达到精神与社会的健康提供必要的条件。 在城市茫茫的人海中, 和谐 共存感、 认同和被认同*感、 归属感和分享感都与个人和群体的健康幸 福密切相关。 老人、 残疾人由于空闲时间较多, 因而害怕孤独, 需要 精神上的慰藉, 因此, 应考虑给他们创造良好的邻里交往场所。 儿童 是国家的未来, 童年时代是一个人们成长的最重要阶段, 其作用无法 所, 儿童们被禁闭在家中的时间较长, 其对世界充满好奇的探索的强 烈欲望被禁锢, 无法充分接触自然、 社会, 比起生活在乡村中和接近 地面的平房中的儿童, 显得体质虚弱、 忧郁、 孤僻、 不够活泼好动, 整体上不够健全。
部分建筑开发商和设计师考虑到了人们的这种交往和户外运动 的需求的重要性, 并意识到是目前建筑师做住宅所面临最大的问题。
并试图解决这一难题, 方案是在建筑的楼层上设置了具有进步意义的 空中花园。 空中花园指的是在自然地面之上的建筑屋顶或楼层屋顶上 人工建造出来的供人们开展户外活动和促进交往的公共场所。
目前的空中花园大致分三种: 转换层空中花园、 屋顶花园和货架 式空中花园。 其中, 最具有进步意义的是货架式空中花园'。 如图 1所 示, 货架式空中花园是多个上、 下正对叠合的花园的合称, 形式上如 同向外开敞的供摆放物品的货架, 每一层货架是一个单元花园 100, 每一个单元花园 100提供所在楼层大部分人员共同使用的室外活动场 所, 通常占有两层或两层以上的层高, 某些楼盘的货架式空中花园.从 建筑的底部一直叠放至顶层, 为部分楼层的人员提供了就近进行室外 活动和交往的场所。 然而, 货架式空中花园还存在着以下缺陷:
1、 每一个单元花园 100通常占有两层或两层以上的层高, 然而 却只在每个单元花园 100的底部设有供交往的场所, 一般在底部没有 设置可通达其上部楼层的室外楼梯或其他室外连通设施。 因而所属单 元花园 100具有只属于其底部所在的楼层的领域特征, 一个货架式空 中花园只为至多 1/2的楼层的人员提供在行为和心理上属于他们的室 外活动场所。
2、 由于前条所述原因, 每个单元花园 100 不利于所属多个楼层 之间人员的共同活动和交往。
3、 货架式空中花园的上、 下单元花园 100 之间彼此隔离, 妨碍 了相邻花园的人员的交往, 同时各个单元花园 100的资源难于共享。
4、 每个单元花园' 100 的面积较小, 形式景观都比较单调, 空间 尺度较小, 空间的内容单调, 其与宅间及中心花园、 广场相比在采光、 通风、 接地、 交往尺度等方面还有很大差距。
5、 路线交通上, 花园位于一个端部, 不容易被利用, 成为空间 · 的死角,如果维护管理方法上不合理的话,容易变成犯罪的空间场所。
6、 单元花园 100 由于面积较小、 没有多个楼层的人参与, 较少 举行有价值意义的活动, 没有人气。
7、西为以上多种原因,使得本层的人员也极少使用单元花园 100 , 由于没有足够的现身频率, 单元花园 100对于促进本层的人员形成良 好的交往关系贡献有限。
研究表明: 最有利的居住单位的组合在数量上应该是 3到 12个, 16个是极限数。 如果将上述数量内的家庭组合在一起的话, 让他们共 同享有一个出入口的院子, 或其他公共的焦点的话, 孩子们则会通过 名字而逐渐相识, 男人在相遇时会互致问候并聊上几句, 女人则会互 通小道消息和菜单。 一旦条件合适, 友谊便会自然而然的产生。 以下 的事物可以促进友谊: 共享的道路与步行道, 共享的聚会场所, 共享 的活动, 共享的事件, 共享的单位, 共享的生活空间。
货架式空中花园因为其不能作为共同的出入口的院子, 而使得与 其相关的共享的事物变得很少, 而对人们形成良好的交往关系贡献有 限。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处, 提供一种能更好地促进同一楼层及不同楼层中的人员进行更高质量 交往、 更方便进行更多种户外活动和文化传播的多层或高层建筑物。
本发明进一步所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种兼有人员交通 和疏散功能的户外活动空间的多层或高层建筑物。
本发明进一步所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种有利于风、 水在 其间流动的生气勃勃的户外活动和交往空间的多层或高层建筑物。
本发明进一步所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有自然延伸 到地面和屋顶的坡地花园的多层或高层建筑物, 以解决普通建筑屋顶 难于利用的长期难题, 并再次扩大户外活动和交往的空间和层次。
本发明进一步所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有全天候开 展登山运动的场所的多层或高层建筑物。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明所采用的技术方案是: 提供一种多 层或高层建筑物, 其外立面上连续凹入上楼层和下楼层外墙面而形成 可在其内进行室外活动的凹入空间, 所述凹入空间在其延伸方向上贯 通, 其底部结构呈多个台阶状, 凹入空间的底部跨越并连接至少三个 自然楼层, 所述 ϋ入空间的顶部结构也呈多个台阶状, 其台阶的坡向 和底部一致; 所述凹入空 I可的底部按台阶面划分成多个单元场地, 部 分较高标高的单元场地设有通向较低标高的单元场地的出入口, 所述 较低标高的单元场地具有放置供人们到达所述较高标高的单元场地 的移动式成品楼梯的空间或与所述较高标高的单元场地之间具有供 人们到达所述较高标高的单元场地的室外台阶、 坡道或楼梯, 其连接 单元场地的地面; 多个自然楼层连接多个单元场地处设有面积大小可 供人通行的结构开口; 所述凹入空间在平面上被建筑外墙部分围合, 除转角单元场地空间所属楼层外, 其他各层凹入空间外墙围合面的长 度大于敞开面的长度。
更具体地, 所述凹入空间沿着建筑物的立面延伸, 并随着建筑物 的外立面的转折而转折。
更具体地, 所述凹入空间沿其中一个外立面延伸一段距离后, 贯 穿建筑物, 再继续沿着建筑物的外立面延伸。
更具体地, 所述凹入空间从地面或靠近地面作为交通组织枢紐的 屋顶或平台倾斜向上延伸。
更具体地, 所述凹入空间延伸至建筑物的屋顶。
更具体地, 所述单元场地的底部结构进一步向其外空间延伸, 形 成扩大的底部活动场所。
更具体地, 所述建筑物的外立面上具有用于通风及采光的竖向凹 槽, 所述凹入空间穿越凹槽, 并与凹槽部分重合。
更具体地, 所述建筑物室内的多个楼层连接所述凹入空间处设置 有分隔室内外的围护结构, 部分围护结构上设有疏散门, 所述凹入空 间是消防疏散通道。
更具体地, 所述建筑物具有多个在其展开面上相互平行的所述凹 入空间, 所述凹入空间向上延伸至建筑物的屋顶顶层或顶部复式单位 的底层, 相邻的两个凹入空间的位于同一标高的单元场地的水平间距 小于 100米。
更具体地, 所述建筑物的一端具有在其展开面上与所述凹入空间 相互平行的退台式屋顶花园, 所述退台式屋顶花园上具有连接地面或 靠近地面作为交通组织枢纽的屋顶或平台上的符合防火疏散要求的 通道, ϋ入空间和退台式屋顶花园向上延伸至建筑物的屋顶顶层或顶 部复式单位的底层, 凹入空间和退台式屋顶花园之间的水平间距小于
100米。
更具体地, 所述凹入空间的局部或全部进行了绿化, 成为空中花 园。 '
更具体地, 所述凹入空间的单元场地之间, 台阶状的凹处呈坡状 堆积有土壤, 在凹入空间内形成坡地景观或坡地台地相结合的景观。
更具体地, 所述凹入空间中利用场地高差建有跨越多个单元场地 的跌水瀑布。
与现有技术相比较, 本发明具有以下有益效果: 1、 本发明的凹 入空间是台阶式的, 可以为每一层楼的居民提供面积和功能大致相同 的促进交往和户外活动的公共场所。 2、 由于本发明将多个单元场地 连起来了, 各个楼层的场地实现了共享, 整栋楼的横向交流和竖向交 流集中在了一起, 因而提供的促进楼层居民交往和户外活动的场所有 了廣的进步: a、 场地面积大, 每层楼都享有的面积扩大了几倍到几 十倍, 能举行大规模的社区活动, 如美术、 手工艺、 音乐、 园艺、 文 学等, 成为文化传播的基地, 又是欣赏的场所, 其更贴近大众, 成为 文化生活的大舞台; b、 交往质量高, 台阶式的花园被自然却恰到好 处的划分成连续的楼层领域空间, 不仅能促进本层人员的高质量地交 往还能促进多个楼层间的人员的高质量交往; c、 场地利用充分, 由 于多个楼层的活动场地实现了共享, 人们可以享用其他层花园的设 施, 参与其他层的户外活动; d、 凹入空间的通风、 接地、 交往尺度 方面有了质的改变; e、 能提供高质量的园林绿化环境, 它能容易地 提供平地坡地、 叠水瀑布等多种景观, 改善人们交往时的身心状况;
f、 消除了空间死角, 各单元场地经常性地被处于各种有意无意的监 控中, 避免成为犯罪的空间场所; g、 具体的有利于以下活动的开展: 老年人交谈的场所, 学习、 读书用的安静空间, 公共游泳池, 小学生 游玩场所, 宽敞的日光浴场所, 无人看管的儿童也能安心的游玩的场 所, 趣味聚会场所, 放映幻灯和录像电影场所, 各种趣味作品和广告 宣传画的展览场所等。 3、 凹入空间可作为防烟疏散楼梯使用, 减少 甚至替代室内消防楼梯, 与室内的防烟疏散楼梯相比, 其造价较低、 消防效果好、 维护管理成本低、 可靠性好, 并有类似于超高层建筑中 的避难层的作用。 4、 凹入空间具有模拟登山的自然健身的效果。 5、 凹入空间能将地面花^和屋顶花园连成一体, 将地面及各楼层与建筑 物的屋顶在视觉和行为上连接起来, 人们容易到达屋顶, 从而能够充 分利用屋顶。 6、 由于景观好, 部分爱运动有健康意识的人可选择从 凹入空间出入, 从而减少电梯的使用频率, 节省能源。 7、 由于出门 就有大花园、 花园中视野开阔、 有优良的邻里交往条件等, 让居住在 高层建筑中的每层楼的居民有如同住在地面层的某些效果, 却没有住 在地面层的缺点, 如: 不够安全、 蚊虫较多、 视线干扰严重等等。 8、 当凹入空间延伸到地面时, 凹入空间的交通功能进一步加强, 单元场 地成为其连接的楼层人员共同享有一个出入口的院子, 成为人们形成 邻里友谊的场所。 附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明: 图 1是现有的具有货拒式空中花园的建筑物的外观示意 。
图 2是本发明第一实施例的外观示意 ®。
图 3是图 2所示实施例的其中一个邻里单位的平面示意图。
图 4是本发明第二实施例的外观示意图。
图 5是本发明第三实施例的外观示意 ¾。
6是图 5所示实施例的其中一个邻里单位的平面示意图。
图 7是本发明笫四实施例的外观示意图。
图 8是图 7所示实施例的其中一个邻里单位的平面示意图。
图 9是本发明笫五实施例的外观示意图。
图 10是本发明第六实施例的外观示意图。
图 1 1是本发明第七实施例的外观示意图。
图 12 是本发明建筑物中凹入空间底部跨越至少三个楼层的示意 图。 具体实施方式
请参阅图 2及图 3 , 是本发明的第一实施例, 该多层或高建筑物
的外立面上连续凹入上楼层和下楼层外墙面而形成凹入空间 10 ,以供 人们在其内进行室外活动。 所述凹入空间 10在其延伸方向上贯通, 其底部 1 1 结构呈多个台阶状, 凹入空间 10的底部 1 1跨越并连接至 少三个自然楼层。 凹入空间 10的顶部 12结构也呈多个台阶状, 其台 阶的坡向和底部 1 1 一致。 凹入空间 10的底部 1 1按台阶面划分成多 个单元场地 10a。 较高标高的单元场地 10a设有通向较低标高的单元 场地 10a的出入口 13 ,较低标高的单元场地 10a具有放置供人们到达 较高标高的单元场地 10a的移动式成品楼梯的空间或与较高标高的单 元场地 10a 之间具有供人们到达较高标高的单元场地 10a 的室外台 阶、 坡道或楼梯, 其连接单元场地 10a的地面, 在本实施例中, 各单 元场地 10a之间设置有台阶 14。 多个自然楼层连接多个单元场地 10a 处设有面积大小可供人通行的结构开口 15。
为方便出入, 本发明的凹入空间 10可从地面 20或靠近地面 20 作为交通组织枢纽的屋顶或平台倾斜向上延伸, 并一直延伸到建筑物 的屋顶 30 ( 当然也可以只延伸到顶层或顶部复式单位的底层)。 对于 爱运动、 有健康意识的人员, 其可选择从凹入空间 10出入,——方面, 减少电梯的使用频率, 节省能源, 另一方面, 上述凹入空间 10 可作 为模拟的登山场所, 以增进人们的健康, 而且, 本发明将地面 20及 各楼层与建筑物的屋顶 30在视觉和行为上连接起来, 人们容易到达 屋顶 30 , 从而能够充分利用屋顶 30。
此外, 为加强结构强度, 本发明的凹入空间 10 内可以设置立柱 16或梁 (图中未示出 ) , 用于承受上部荷载。 为了保证凹入空间 10 的安全性, 在各单元场地 10a靠近外立面的位置处还可设置围护结构 17。
上述实施例中, 各单元场地 10a的凹入深度小于建筑物的进深, 当然, 其也可以等于建筑物的进深, 即贯穿建筑物, 其具体结构可参 阅图 5及图 6所示的第三实施例, 该实施例中的凹入空间 10为人们 提供了更为宽阔的室外活动场地。
图 7及图 8中示出了本发明的第四实施例, 其与上述实施例的不 同之处在于, 本实施例中的凹入空间 10 沿其中一个外立面倾斜向上 延伸一段距离后, 贯穿建筑物, 再继续沿着建筑物的外立面倾斜向上 延伸。 当然, 所述凹入空间 10 的延伸方向并不限于一直倾斜向上延 伸, 其可以有各种延伸方式, 例如, 凹入空间可以倾斜向上延伸一段 距离后, 水平延伸, 之后再继续倾斜向上延伸等等。
上述凹入空间 10的单元场地 10a的底部结构可进一步向其外空 间延伸,形成扩大的底部活动场所。本发明的第五实施例如图 9所示,
10穿越凹槽 40 , 并与八凹槽 40部分重合。' '
图 10所示的第六实施例中的建筑物为塔式建筑, 其凹入空间 10 呈螺旋上升状, 其沿着建筑物的立面延伸, 并随着建筑物的外立面的 转折而转折。
图 1 1所示的第七实施例中, 其凹入空间 10沿其中一个外立面倾 斜向上延伸一段距离后, 贯穿建筑物, 再继续沿着建筑物的外立面倾 斜向上延伸, 并且随着建筑物的外立面的转折而转折, 从而呈螺旋上 升状。
上述凹入空间 10 在平面上被建筑外墙部分围合, 除转角单元场 地空间 10b (如图 10及图 1 1所示) 所属楼层外, 其他各层凹入空间 外墙围合面 (如图 3中虚线框 A所示) 的长度大于敞开面 B (如图 3 所示) 的长度。
作为上述实施方式的进一步改进, 本发明的建筑物室内的多个楼 层连接凹入空间 10 处可设置分隔室内外的围护结构, 部分围护结构 上设置疏散门, 凹入空间 10可作为消防疏散通道。 本发明的建筑物 上可设置多个凹入空间 10 (如图 5所示) , 这些凹入空间 10在建筑 物的展开面上相互平行, 凹入空间 10 向上延伸至建筑物的顶层或顶 部复式单位的底层, 相邻的两个凹入空间 10 的位于同一标高的单元 场地 10a的水平间距小于 100米, 使得位于两个凹入空间 10之间的 房间符合建筑设计防火规范中双向安全疏散距离的要求。
此外, 本发明的建筑物的一端可设置在其展开面上与所述凹入空 间 10相互平行的退台式屋顶花园 50 ( 图 2、 图 4及图 9所示) , 所述退台式屋顶花园 50上建有连接地面 20或靠近地面 20作为交通 组织枢纽的屋顶或平台上的符合防火疏散要求的通道, 凹入空间 10 和退台式屋顶花园 50向上延伸至建筑物的顶层 30或顶部复式单位的 底层,凹入空间 10和退台式屋顶花园 50之间的水平间距小于 100米, 使得位于其间的房间符合建筑设计防火规范中双向安全疏散距离的 要求。 请结合参阅图 3 , 图中两个结构开口 15之间'是一个邻里单位, 所述邻里单位的两端分别通过结构开口 15凹入空间- 10及退台式屋顶 花园 50。
上述凹入空间 10 可作为公共或半公共的室外空间, 楼层中的人 员无需通过楼梯或电梯下达到地面, 可就近在凹入空间 10 内交往、 进行户外活动。 在凹入空间 10及退台式屋顶花园 50可以进行局部或 全部的绿化, 成为空中花园, 例如在凹入空间 10的单元场地 10a之 间, 台阶状的凹处呈坡状堆积有土壤, 在凹入空间 10 内形成坡地景 观 (与图 4 中的屋顶式花园 50相似) 或坡地台地相结合的景观, 在 土壤上种植树木或花草、 在凹入空间 10及退台式屋顶花园 50设置种 植池绿化或覆盖式绿化等等, 从而形成嵌入式坡地花园, 其一方面增 加了绿化面积, 緩解了建筑产生的热岛效应, 同时, 又可作为人们游
园、 休憩、 观景的场所、 在凹入空间 10及退台式屋顶花园 50中利用 场地高差设置跨越多个单元场地 10a的跌水瀑布等等。
本发明多层或高层建筑物适合开展交往和户外活动, 其造价低 廉, 解决了前述货架式空中花园存在的缺点, 创造性地将中国传统住 宅的庭院式, 加上胡同、 巷、 里、 弄的住宅做到多层或高层建筑中去。 在这样的建筑中, 呈现一幅现代桃源景象: 所有的居民平均步行 20 米, 就能到达一个形同 自然山坡的大花园中, 山坡种植有不同生态群 落的植物, 喜阳、 耐荫或亲水, 若是顺着山坡向下走可以直接到达地 面, 顺着山坡向上登山, 能到达山顶花园。 山坡的花园被自然却恰到 好处的划分成连续的楼层领域空间, 这些两两相邻的楼层领域空间被 兼有健身、 交通和疏散功能的登山通道串联起来, 形成具有巨大空间 尺度的室外活动场所, 能完美地开展小到私密交谈, 中到同一楼层邻 居的专门聚会, 大到几千人共同参与的观演活动。 它能有条件让住在 一栋楼里的上千居民不经意间相互认识, 并彼此成为好朋友, 构筑友 好团结安全的氛围的社区。 孩子们在家门口的山坡上结成伴, 他们认 识几乎所有住在这个山坡边的同龄人, 他们快乐的游戏并分享着所见 到的各种各样的有趣的人物和事情。 冬天, 老人们大多时候在山坡的 平台上晒太阳、 晒被子, 他们性情温和安祥, 彼此都成了老朋友, 幼 儿们在旁边游戏, 观察着周边所及的自然和人的活动, 在这里比呆在 房屋里快乐多了。 夏天, 老人们则在这里乘凉。 山坡花园为人们提供 了全天候的活动场所。
为使本发明的技术方案更加清楚, 以下就前述的专业术语作进一 步的解释说明。
本发明的建筑物包括具有多个楼层的任意建筑高度的建筑, 包括 超高层建筑。
本发明的凹入空间凹入上楼层和下楼层外墙面, 是指同时凹入, 其范围指的是两者的交集, 当单元场地处于自然地面上时, 也可以只 指凹入其上楼层外墙面的范围, 其凹入范围场所具有非地面单元场地 的类似的特征和有益效果。 凹入空间凹入下楼层外墙面, 可利用下部 房间的顶板作为活动场所, 与伸出下楼层外墙面的楼板相比, 本发明 充分利用了下部房间的顶板, 节省造价、 建筑占地面积或覆盖面积较 小、 节省用地、 结构的强度和稳定性好、 有利于承受较大荷载、 有利 于进行园林绿化。 凹入空间凹入上楼层的外墙面, 充分利用了上部房 间的底楼板, 使得底楼板有类似雨篷的功效, 具有一定的遮风避雨与 遮挡烈日的功能。 凹入空间同时凹入上楼层和下楼层外墙面, 形成凹 入空间被外墙围合的特色, 使其更适合于交往, 并进一步加强遮风避 雨与遮挡烈日的功能; 凹入空间沿建筑物的进深方向延伸, 并可深入 靠近到建筑中心, 有利于直接连接建筑的内廊, 使得在内廊中各处或
多个位置能看见凹入空间, 将凹入花园空间渗透进建筑的纵深, 有效 改善建筑纵深的环境质量, 并且凹入空间对于建筑的采光、 视线干扰 降低到最小程度, 并有利于建筑内部的通风; 有利于建筑在平面上采 用较大的进深, 使得建筑具有更好的节地效果, 并且屋顶更容易被利 用。
本发明的凹入空间作为室外活动空间, 所述室外活动空间是指空 间至少有一个面的较大面积向外敞开, 使得空间内的温度、 湿度甚至 噪音、 风的环境与相邻室外同步变化, 其不易控帝调节。 活动是指狭 义的活动, 不包括静止站立状态的观景这类活动, 尤其指多个人参加 的活动, 其空间大小至少能容纳一个标准成年人从容的来回步行。
本发明的凹入空间在其延伸方向上贯通, 是指相邻单元场地之间 的贯通, 即较低标高的单元场地上至少有一个人们能正常到达、 活动 的点, 在这个点上的人能无阻拦物的看见相邻的较高标高的单元场地 的直接上方的空间, 同时较高标高的单元场地上至少有一个人们能正 常到达、 活动的点, 在这个点上的人能无阻拦物的看见相邻的较低标 高的单元场地的直接上方的空间。 其中, 阻拦物包括对视觉基本无影' 响的透明物, 如固定的门窗玻璃。 其另外一个判断方式是之间的分隔 体上具有一定的面积的开口, 使得空气能够直线式直接流通, 其最小 的面积相当于一扇供人正常通行的最小的门的面积。
上述底部结枪是指建筑物的承受楱层荷载的结构楼板和楼板之 间的竖向围护结构的总和, 其竖向歸护结构相当于台阶的挡面、 楼板 相当于台阶的踏面。 底部呈多个台阶状, 指至少两个台阶, 即至少有 三个不同标高的单元场地。 所述结构楼板可以是略微倾斜的, 以利于 屋面排水。 台阶状可以是挡面和踏面交接整齐台阶状, 也可以是只有 踏面但是没有挡面或挡面退缩的台阶。 当一块底部结构板与相邻底部 结构板的之间的高差均大于 80cm并且能提供室外活动空间时, 所述 底部结构板才能作为一个台阶考虑。 若两个相邻的底部结构板之间的 高差小于或等于 80cm时, 其作为一个台阶, 因为 80cm的高度比大 部分刚好能自行活动的儿童的眼睛的高度略低, 所述儿童能看见在这 个高度场地地面及其上开展的活动, 其有能力或借助于简单的工具登 上 80cm 高度的场地。 作为相邻台阶踏面的高差不超过 80cm的结构 楼板往往处于一根梁的两侧, 并同时和这根梁连接形成横截面为包含 "Z"字形的梁板结构。
本发明的凹入空间的台阶状底部跨越并连接至少三个自然楼层, 其中, 台阶状的底部是指将台阶的踏面与相邻台阶之间的挡面依照台 阶的坡度方向交替地首尾相连得到的连续的台阶状的壳体。 请参阅图 12 , 底部跨越三个自然楼层是指只有当较低标高的单元场地的结构板 面 C的标高低于相邻较低楼层 D的顶板梁底 E的标高 2米或 2米以
上时, 所述单元场地才算跨越了所述较低楼层 D; 只有当较高标高的 单元场地的结构板面 C, 标高高于相邻楼层 D, 底板梁底 E' 标高时, 所述单元场地才算跨越了所述较高楼层 D, 。所述较低和较高楼层 D、 D' 以及二者之间的楼层 D" 就是台阶状的底部所跨越的楼层。 底部 连接三个自然楼层同时具有两种含义: 第一种含义是指壳体中至少有 一个点与所述三个自然楼层的楼板结构或支撑所述楼板结构的梁连 接, 这样的连接实质上为多个建筑楼层内的人到达凹入空间的底部活 动创造了条件, 单元场地的结构板一般比所属楼层室内建筑标高要 低, 以便对屋面进行保温隔热、 绿化及有效防止雨水倒灌室内; 其第 二种含义是指底部自身多个单元场地之间具备条件(设有通向单元场 地的出入口, 具有放置成品楼梯的空间或有室外台阶、 坡道或楼梯) 使人能从连接所述三个自然楼层中最低的楼层的单元场地经凹入空 间到达连接所述三个自然楼层中最高的楼层的单元场地。
本发明建筑物的凹入空间的台阶状的底部结构跨越并连接至少 三个自然楼层, 其具有以下有益效果:
1、 四入空间作为连接多个楼层的通道, 同时具有室外坡地的景 观的特性。
2、 凹入空间作为多个楼层共同的活动场所, 并具有自然划分各 层领域的特点, 有利于交往。
: 3、 为形成坡地式景观和绿化提供了基础。 便于利用台阶的挡面 和踏面之间的三角形或梯形空 堆放种植土, 由于此区域大多上下对 齐有隔墙, 布置有梁柱, 因而具有结构上合理的特点, 并且堆土的高 度可以达到相邻的较高的台阶面, 高度达到 80cm以上, 由于通常台 阶的设置和楼层同步, 所以通常堆土的高度达到一个楼层的高度, 并 且由于充分利用了台阶的挡面基本上不需要另外设挡土墙, 节省了成 本。 堆土的厚度有利于绿化, 能种植较为大型的乔木。 堆土的形式自 然, 并形成独特的坡地景观。 并使得凹入空间的场地地形舒緩。 坡地 上及其上种植的各种植物又用另一种形式自然地对分单元领域, 不同 的种植强度可形成不同的领域围合强度, 创造多种形态的交往空间。
4、 形成独特的有蕴意的外形。 上、 下面都呈台阶形的凹入空间, 配合连接台阶踏面的楼梯等竖向交通结构和绿化, 形式如山崖上的一 道缝隙, 当它延伸到地面或屋顶时形同天梯。
5、 形成独特的空间形式。 空间与常见的空间相比具有较大的水 平和高度范围, 因而能连接更大范围的人员。
本发明的 1HJ入空间的顶部结构呈多个台阶状, 其台阶的坡向和底 部一致,比起通常的一块大的平屋顶, 台阶状屋顶具有以下有益效果:
1、 保证每个单元场地的净高不会太大, 因而能保证较好的遮风 避雨的效果。
2、 有利于配合台阶状的底部形成具有领域特征的外部交往空间, 其围合性更好, 视线干扰小, 有利于所属较小领域范围的人员的交往 活动开展。
3、 保证每个单元场地能更紧密的连接更多的楼层面积。
4、 有利于结构上的合理。
5、 能安排更多的楼层建筑面积。
6、 造价更经济。
前述移动式的成品楼梯是指可在商场直接购买和定制的各种形 式的楼梯, 普通人员可对其进行移动或方便地拆卸移动和重新装配操 作。
前述到达相邻较高标高的单元场地的室外台阶、 坡道或楼梯包括 设在室外的自动扶梯、 爬梯、 园林汀步、 桥梁、 园林土坡。 前述多个 自然楼层连接多个单元场地处设有面积大小可供人通行的结构开口 是指楼层连接单元场地处的受力建筑构件 (如: 梁、 板、 柱等) 之间 具有足够的空间间'隙, 其间能设置供人从楼层室内的地面到达单元场 地地面的通路。
本发明的凹入空间在平面上被建筑外墙部分围合是指展现在楼 层平面上, 凹入空间范 !¾}·中至少有一个曲面外墙或至少有两个直线外 墙, 其围合的区域部分地与凹入空间重合。 建筑外墙指分割建筑室内 和室外的竖向维护结构, 可以是结构柱、 梁、 剪力墙、 承重墙或建筑 的填充墙、 门、 窗。
前述转角单元场地空间所属楼层中的转角指平面上建筑的阳角, 特指角度小于 150度的阳角, 凹入空间具有较强的平面围合特征, 但 是转角部位有明显削弱, 这个位置平面上的凹入空间外墙 ¾合面的长 度有可能会小于敞开面长度。 转角单元场地指有两个面分别属于建筑 阳角的两个边的单元场地。 单元场地空间所属楼层指单元场地其最高 的顶部和最低的底部之间的空间范围所属的一个或多个楼层。
Claims
1、 一种多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于:
所迷建筑物的外立面上连续凹入上楼层和下楼层外墙面而形成 可在其内进行室外活动的凹入空间, 所述凹入空间在其延伸方向上贯 通, 其底部结构呈多个台阶状, 凹入空间的底部跨越并连接至少三个 自然楼层, 所述凹入空间的顶部结构也呈多个台阶状, 其台阶的坡向 和底部一致;
所述凹入空间的底部权按台阶面划分成多个单元场地, 所述较低标 高的单元场地设有用于放置移动式成品楼梯的空间、 或设有与所述较 高标高的单元场地之间连接的台阶、 坡道或楼梯;
所述单元场地与自然楼层的连接处设有可供人通行的结构开口。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 凹入空间在平面上被建筑外墙部分围合, 除转角单元场地空间所属楼 层外, 其他各层凹入空间外墙围合面的长度求大于敞开面的长度。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 凹入空间沿着建筑物的立面延伸, 并随着建筑物的外立面的转折而转 折。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 凹入空间沿其中一个外立面延伸一段距离后, 贯穿建筑物, 再继续沿 着建筑物的外立面延伸。
5、 如权利要求 1 所述的多层或高.层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 凹入空间从地面或靠近地面作为交通组织枢纽的屋顶或平台倾斜向 上延伸。
6、 如权利要求 5 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 凹入空间延伸至建筑物的屋顶。
7、 如权利要求 1 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 单元场地的底部结构进一步向其外空间延伸, 形成扩大的底部活动场 所。
8、 如权利要求 1 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 建筑物的外立面上具有用于通风及采光的竖向凹槽, 所述凹入空间穿 越凹槽, 并与 槽部分重合。
9、 如权利要求 5 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 建筑物室内的多个楼层连接所述凹入空间处设置有分隔室内外的围 护结构,部分围护结构上设有疏散门,所述凹入空间是消防疏散通道。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 建筑物具有多个在其展开面上相互平行的凹入空间, 所述凹入空间向 上延伸至建筑物的屋顶顶层或顶部复式单位的底层, 相邻的两个凹入 空间的位于同一标高的单元场地的水平间距小于 100米。
1 1、 如权利要求 9所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所述 建筑物的一端具有在其展开面上与所述凹入空间相互平行的退台式 屋顶花园, 所述退台式屋顶花园上具有连接地面或靠近地面作为交通 组织枢纽的屋顶或平台上的符合防火疏散要求的通道, 凹入空间和退 台式屋顶花园向上延伸至建筑物的屋顶顶层或顶部复式单位的底层, 凹入空间和退台式屋顶花园之间的水平间距小于 100米。
12、 如权利要求 1 至 1 1 中任意一项所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于:所述 EJ入空间的局部或全部进行了绿化,成为空中花园。
13、 如权利要求 12 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所 述凹入空间的单元场地之间, 台阶状的凹处呈坡状堆积有土壤, 在凹 入空间内形成坡地景观或坡地台地相结合的景观。
14、 如权利要求 13 所述的多层或高层建筑物, 其特征在于: 所 述凹入空间中射用场地高差建有跨越多个单元场地的跌水瀑布。
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CN107829575A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-23 | 重庆博建建筑规划设计有限公司 | 一种带有户外活动台院的绿色化建筑 |
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CN106760907A (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 天津大学 | 绿化率100%的城市立体绿化构建方法及其构建的绿化体系 |
CN109235930A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-18 | 梁文俊 | 可带多栋别墅和多功能的防火抗震阶梯状居住建筑 |
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CN2709579Y (zh) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-07-13 | 苏四 | 组合阳台的花园楼宇 |
CN1664276A (zh) * | 2005-04-15 | 2005-09-07 | 王治国 | 花园洋房的空中花园 |
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US4918889A (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-04-24 | Lundstroem Bjoern | High-rise building |
WO1993017206A1 (de) * | 1992-02-20 | 1993-09-02 | Cip Center Aktiengesellschaft Immobilien Und Passagen | Gebäude |
JPH09189138A (ja) * | 1996-01-11 | 1997-07-22 | Sou Sekkei:Kk | 集合住宅 |
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