WO2007104182A1 - An optical transmission system for correcting the signal distortion in time-frequency domain and a method thereof - Google Patents

An optical transmission system for correcting the signal distortion in time-frequency domain and a method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007104182A1
WO2007104182A1 PCT/CN2006/000383 CN2006000383W WO2007104182A1 WO 2007104182 A1 WO2007104182 A1 WO 2007104182A1 CN 2006000383 W CN2006000383 W CN 2006000383W WO 2007104182 A1 WO2007104182 A1 WO 2007104182A1
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signal
time
frequency domain
optical
transmission system
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French (fr)
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Jiaying Wang
Ruixin Gao
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60Receivers
    • H04B10/66Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/58Compensation for non-linear transmitter output

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular, to an optical transmission system and method for correcting frequency-domain distortion of a signal. Background technique
  • optical signals are degraded due to the effects of transmission media (such as optical fibers), optical amplifiers, and other optical processing devices (such as optical filters).
  • transmission media such as optical fibers
  • optical amplifiers such as optical amplifiers
  • other optical processing devices such as optical filters
  • many of the above factors affect the characteristics of optical signals, resulting in system performance degradation, and these factors are difficult to avoid in optical communication systems. Therefore, for the change of the Wei number caused by these factors, use a certain Regulating devices to improve the quality of optical signals is a worthwhile approach.
  • a general optical dispersion compensator for example, a dispersion-compensating fiber or a grating
  • a general optical dispersion compensator can improve the quality of the signal to some extent, but mainly by adjusting the shape of the signal in the time domain by linear changes in the frequency domain, but not, or not completely. It can compensate for the changes in the signal caused by the nonlinear effects of the optical fiber transmission line in both the time domain and the frequency domain.
  • Time-domain equalization filtering is a common method, which is intended to seek recovery of signal form directly in the time domain; and some methods use error correcting codes.
  • Technical signal processing methods such as forward error correction techniques conforming to the ITU-T G.975 standard and methods for improving them, and error correction using the "Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE)" technology, these methods (e.g. less than 10_ 5) significantly effect the bit error rate is not too high in the case, but can not change fundamentally affect the transmission.
  • MSE Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an optical transmission system and method for correcting frequency-domain distortion of a signal, performing time-frequency domain synthesis and analysis on a received signal, and controlling time domain and frequency domain morphology of the received signal to solve
  • the optical transmission system causes signal distortion during the optical signal transmission process under any routing conditions, and strives to eliminate the dispersion and/or nonlinear effect limitation of the transmission system and improve system performance.
  • the invention provides an optical transmission system for correcting frequency-domain distortion of a signal, comprising:
  • a signal transmitting end for transmitting an optical signal having a known characteristic parameter
  • a signal synthesizer for performing time-frequency domain transformation adjustment on the optical signal transmitted from the signal transmission line
  • a signal regenerator for reproducing the adjusted optical signal into an electrical signal
  • a signal analyzer for performing time-frequency domain analysis on the regenerated electrical signal
  • the controller is configured to perform time-frequency domain optimization adjustment on the signal according to the result of the time-frequency domain analysis.
  • the present invention also provides an optical transmission system for correcting frequency-domain distortion of a signal, comprising: a signal transmitting end for transmitting an optical signal having a known characteristic parameter;
  • a signal regenerator for reproducing an optical signal transmitted from the signal transmission line into an electrical signal
  • a signal synthesizer for performing time-frequency domain transform adjustment of the regenerated electrical signal
  • a signal analyzer for using the time-frequency domain
  • the adjusted electrical signal is subjected to time-frequency domain analysis; the 3 ⁇ 4 controller is configured to perform time-frequency domain optimization adjustment of the signal according to the result of time-frequency domain analysis.
  • the present invention also provides a method for correcting signal time-frequency domain distortion in an optical transmission system, comprising the following steps:
  • the result of the time-frequency domain analysis W of the ideally reconstructed signal s at the receiving end is determined as the ideal time-frequency domain characteristic parameter.
  • step (4) determines p'ij satisfies norm
  • the optical transmission system and method of the present invention can compensate for the influence of the transmission process on the signal, and the beneficial effects thereof are not only that the automatic detection and optimization of the signal can be realized, but also that the transmission system can be eliminated to the utmost extent (especially the intensity modulation/demodulation Dispersion and/or nonlinear effects of the system).
  • 1 is an embodiment of an optical transmission system for automatically correcting signal time-frequency domain distortion, wherein the signal synthesizing device is a controllable optical component group;
  • 2 is another embodiment of an optical transmission system for automatically correcting signal time-frequency domain distortion, the signal synthesis device being a controllable circuit device;
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of the control process for correcting the frequency domain distortion of the signal
  • Figure 4 is an embodiment when the synthesizer is constructed according to a basis function
  • Figure 5 is an embodiment when a synthesizer equivalent to that of Figure 4 is used;
  • Figure 6 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which a variable time domain gate is used
  • Figure ⁇ is an embodiment when the multiplier of Figure 4 is simplified
  • Figure 8 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which a variable retarder is used;
  • Figure 9 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which a dynamic filter or filter bank is used.
  • the present invention proposes an optical transmission system and method for correcting signal time-frequency domain distortion simultaneously using time-frequency domain analysis and synthesis to optimize the optical communication system. performance.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 it is an optical transmission system for automatically correcting signal time-frequency domain distortion
  • FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the system
  • the signal synthesizer is a controllable optical component group
  • FIG. 2 is the system.
  • the signal synthesizer is a controllable circuit device
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a control process for realizing frequency domain distortion when correcting signals
  • FIG. 4-9 shows the composition and control of the signal synthesizer, wherein 4 is an embodiment when the synthesizer is constructed according to a basis function
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment when the synthesizer is equivalent to FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the synthesizer, in which a variable time domain is used.
  • Figure 7 is an embodiment of the simplified multiplier of Figure 4
  • Figure 8 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which a variable delay is used
  • Figure 9 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which dynamic filtering is used (or filter bank).
  • 1 signal transmitter; 2: transmission line; 3: signal synthesizer; 4: signal regenerator; 5: controller; 6: signal analyzer; 30: weighted amplification; 31: time domain acquisition; 32: frequency domain acquisition ;
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of an optical transmission system having a frequency domain distortion function for correcting signals is illustrated.
  • the system includes: a transmitting end (1), a signal transmission line (2), and a time-frequency domain.
  • the optical signal of the transmitting end (1) transmits a long-distance signal through the transmission line (2) Transmitting; time-frequency domain synthesizer (3) adjusts the signal sent at the receiving end to achieve an optimized state; the signal regenerator (4) realizes the regeneration of the optical signal into an electrical signal; 6) Real-time detection of the regenerative signal and time-frequency domain analysis; then the feedback controller (5) is used to adjust the parameters of each component in the synthesizer (3).
  • connection line with a one-way arrow is used to indicate a service signal connection of each hardware portion, and a connection line with a double-headed arrow indicates a connection of a control signal.
  • S is a signal sent from the user, corresponding to the service served by the transmission system.
  • the transmitting end (1) should generally be capable of providing a sounding signal, either exclusively when the signalling route is not serving the traffic signal, so that the receiving end performs optimization of the transmitted signal, or may be accompanied by
  • the service signals are transmitted together so that the receiving end performs real-time adjustment of the signal; meanwhile, the detection signal can be either in-band or out-of-band. If the traffic signal itself has some stable and known characteristic parameters, it can also be optimized directly using the traffic signal itself rather than a dedicated probe signal.
  • the signal transmission line (2) may include an optical fiber or other medium having a significant transmission effect, and the signal routing process represented by the transmission line may include an optical processing function component or device, for example, A component or device that amplifies, filters, cross-switches, etc.
  • the time-frequency domain signal synthesizer (3) generally includes frequency domain or time domain response components such as delays, filters, amplifiers, or the like, or a component group equivalent to the functions of the above devices,
  • the received signal is time-frequency domain adjusted.
  • controller (5) is the source of the control command for the time-frequency domain signal synthesizer to change the operating parameters of the signal synthesizer (for example, the operating parameters of the delay, filter, amplifier, etc.) .
  • Controller output commands (analog or digital) vary depending on the specific configuration of the synthesizer.
  • the signal first passes through the time-frequency domain signal synthesizer (3) and then to the regenerator (4), which means that the signal synthesizer consists of optical processing devices.
  • the time-frequency domain signal synthesizer (3) is an electronic circuit, and transmits The signal output by the line (2) will first pass through the regenerator (4) and then into the time-frequency domain signal synthesizer ( 3 ).
  • the other components work in the same way as the corresponding components described in Figure 1.
  • the achievability is mainly the mathematical method involved in the signal analyzer, and the specific implementation of the signal synthesizer.
  • the former is combined with the working process of the device hereinafter, and relates to the principle description and the embodiment corresponding to the formula 1-8; the latter will be specifically described below corresponding to the device structure embodiment expressed in Fig. 4 to Fig. 9.
  • FIG. 3 a specific implementation flow of the method for correcting the frequency-frequency distortion of the signal in the optical transmission system described above is illustrated.
  • the receiving end receives the received signal.
  • the signal is analyzed by time-frequency domain parameters, and the extracted feature parameters are used to adjust the system in real time or non-real time.
  • Step 1 Determine the ideal time-frequency domain characteristic parameters.
  • a signal S having a known characteristic parameter is determined at the transmitting end of the system, which is ideally reproduced as a signal S at the receiving end, and determines the maximum deviation ⁇ of the characteristic parameters that the system can tolerate.
  • the portion of the signal S at the transmitting end for performance optimization has known characteristic parameters, such as a string of agreed symbols, the ideal of which is known to be reproduced, whether or not it can be ideally reproduced at the receiving end.
  • the result of the time-frequency domain analysis W of the ideally reconstructed signal S at the receiving end is used as an ideal time-frequency domain characteristic parameter, as shown in Equation 1,
  • Step 2 Detect the characteristic parameters of the actual regenerative signal in the transmission system.
  • the optical signal s is transmitted through the system, and the transmission effect is T.
  • the time-frequency domain transform is performed by the time-frequency domain synthesizer C, and the reproduced signal is detected by the time-frequency domain analyzer, and the time-frequency domain of the optical signal transmitted by the system is obtained.
  • Characteristic parameters as shown in Equation 2,
  • the signal S is compared with the ideal target parameter function by systematically transmitting and synthesizing the time-frequency domain characteristic parameter p'ij, and the norm llPij-p'ij II is compared with the predetermined S. If not, it is determined that the actual time-frequency domain characteristic parameter p'g is the system time-frequency domain characteristic parameter.
  • control parameters based on the basis function group and the control parameters not based on the basis function are respectively adjusted.
  • adjust the time-frequency domain transform C to change ⁇ ' 3 ⁇ 4 W(C(T(s))), and adjust the parameters of the synthesizer to change C, so that the norm llp-p' II approaches a minimum. Value, a value less than ⁇ .
  • wavelet analysis when performing time-frequency domain analysis on the signal, many methods can be used to analyze using different functions.
  • One method (but not limited to this method) is wavelet analysis.
  • the different functions described may be base functions or non-base functions.
  • the basis functions are various, and may be orthogonal (such as sin and cos), non-orthogonal, or wavelet packets.
  • a polynomial spline function is one of the simplest functions. .
  • W represents a discrete time-frequency domain transform
  • the obtained set of transform coefficients ⁇ represents the combination of the signal s under a certain set of basis functions ⁇ B isj (f, t) ⁇ .
  • s can be expressed as:
  • Equation 5 ⁇ Xi(t) ⁇ is a function space for realizing time domain decomposition. You can select a group that is easy to implement by hardware, such as a sequence of time domain gate functions or a sequence of step functions. You can use switches, delays, Or a combination to achieve.
  • Equation 5 ⁇ Yj(f) ⁇ is used as the function space for frequency domain decomposition.
  • a set that is convenient to implement in hardware, such as a frequency-series sequence of certain intervals, can be implemented using filters and combinations thereof, or frequency domain acquisition circuits.
  • the so-called synthesis is to perform time-frequency domain transformation on various signal components, that is, first decompose the signals in the time domain and the frequency domain, and then re-synthesize and restore the signal, thereby decomposing and synthesizing the signal.
  • the process is to optimize the signal;
  • the so-called analysis is to decompose the signal to obtain the signal component, that is, to analyze the characteristic parameter p of the synthesized signal.
  • the transformation between the signal s and the characteristic parameter p is by mathematical means: using the basis function and the original function as the inner product; and the physical means: using the basis function as the transmission characteristic device to filter the transmitted signal power of the original signal. .
  • the method of analysis by the analyzer is not necessarily the same as the method of decomposing the signal at the front end of the synthesizer. When it is the same, it is processed according to the following step 3.2.1. When it is not the same, it is processed according to the following 3.2.2. The signal of this part can be used. Tap to get the analysis results.
  • the process of automatically performing time-frequency domain analysis and synthesis of the signal can be further refined into the following steps - Step 3.1: Results and expected results of the frequency domain analysis when the detected signal is in the system operating state When a deviation occurs, the degree of deviation can be found by parameter comparison, and the frequency domain analyzer will send a trigger message to the controller when necessary.
  • the trigger condition can be expressed as: Equation 3: llp-p' II > ⁇ Step 3.2.1: After the controller obtains the trigger, adjust the time-frequency domain control of the system according to the analysis result (such as the coefficient series of the wavelet series and the real-time algorithm restored by these sequences).
  • the formula 8.1 is used for the first control
  • the formula 8.2 is used for iterative control
  • c is a set of parameters for controlling the synthesizer
  • A is a coefficient for compensating for the system error or the convergence of the acceleration control process. That is: If the first control does not eliminate the trigger condition, iterate is required until the trigger condition is removed. Every time the control is completed during the iteration, the resulting p' will change, so it is necessary to compare the difference between p' and p to generate a new control parameter c.
  • Equations 8.1 and 8.2 are only examples of control parameters that may be implemented and may be applied to a range.
  • the synthesizer actually simulates the set of basis functions used by the parser) and requires the order of time domain expansion and time domain expansion. The order is the same.
  • control parameters are more abundant than the embodiments shown in Figures 4 and 5; again, the manner of weighting amplification (30) is shown in the embodiments of Figures 7 and 8, which simplifies Figure 4 and Figure Multiplier (33) shown in 5; More examples The dynamic controllable filter bank (35) is used in the embodiment of Figure 9 to implement frequency domain decomposition and weighted combination. Therefore, the embodiment shown in Figures 6-9 is more suitable for general optimization methods than Equations 8.1 and 8.2.
  • step 33 the time-frequency domain analyzer performs time-frequency domain analysis (formula 2) on the adjusted signal again, and then checks the control result. If the trigger condition represented by formula 3 still exists, return to step 3.1 to implement iterative control, IP. The actual characteristic parameter is compared with the ideal characteristic parameter, and the actual characteristic parameter approaches the ideal characteristic parameter through feedback control; otherwise, the control process stops.
  • a typical feature of the ⁇ invention is the use of a comprehensive device that conforms to the basis function.
  • E.g Using the basis function type shown in Equation 5, an embodiment of the corresponding synthesizer device structure is shown in Figs.
  • the present invention does not exclude another integrated device scheme using a non-base function structure.
  • the basic function embodiment and the synthesizer device structure embodiment do not have a mathematical model correspondence, and the signal analysis extracted parameters are only used.
  • Step 3.2.2 After the controller obtains the trigger, adjust the control parameters according to the direction determined by the general optimization control algorithm, for example, using a "success-fail method", when the adjustment of the previous step makes the Ilp-P' II If it is decreased, the adjustment will continue; when the adjustment of the previous step causes llp-p' II to increase, it will be reversed (when the trigger condition is still satisfied).
  • a "success-fail method” when the adjustment of the previous step makes the Ilp-P' II If it is decreased, the adjustment will continue; when the adjustment of the previous step causes llp-p' II to increase, it will be reversed (when the trigger condition is still satisfied).
  • the above functions may be automatically implemented by the time-frequency domain analyzer and the feedback controller in the method of the present invention during system operation or during system debugging.
  • Figure 4 is an embodiment of the synthesizer according to the basis function.
  • the signal entering the synthesizer is first decomposed into a set of time domain bases by time domain acquisition (31) (the symbol ⁇ > in the figure indicates the signal entering the module).
  • the time domain components are further decomposed into a combination of multiple sets of frequency domain bases by frequency domain acquisition (32), and these time-frequency domain components (marked as) constitute two-dimensional characteristic parameters of time and frequency.
  • the multiplier (33) is weighted by the control parameter (labeled as Ci j), and then combined with the time domain and the frequency domain by the accumulator (34).
  • Figure 5 is an embodiment when using the equivalent synthesizer of Figure 4, the signal entering the synthesizer is first decomposed into a set of frequency domain bases by frequency domain acquisition (32), and the components in the frequency domain respectively pass through the time domain.
  • the acquisition (31) is further decomposed into a combination of sets of time domain components, which are labeled as two-dimensional characteristic parameters of time and frequency.
  • the multiplier (33) is weighted by the control parameter (marked as), and then the accumulator (34) is used to implement the time domain and the frequency domain group. Recovery.
  • the function of the multiplier is marked as bij ⁇ c ik a k j in the figure.
  • Figure 6 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which a variable time domain gate is used. Further possible in this embodiment is a possible solution for implementing time domain acquisition (31), a combination of real-time domain gate devices, which may be variable, ie their time domain transmission characteristics may be short-lived and With a suitable envelope, the range and amplitude can be controlled, which means that the form of the time domain basis function changes, so the result of the analysis and the way the control parameters are generated will change.
  • time domain acquisition 31
  • real-time domain gate devices which may be variable, ie their time domain transmission characteristics may be short-lived and With a suitable envelope, the range and amplitude can be controlled, which means that the form of the time domain basis function changes, so the result of the analysis and the way the control parameters are generated will change.
  • Figure 7 is an embodiment of the simplified multiplier of Figure 4, with a weighting amplifier (30) instead of a multiplier, functionally multiplied by two-dimensional characteristic parameters and elements of control parameters.
  • Figure 8 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which a variable retarder is used.
  • This embodiment shows that time domain acquisition (31) can also be implemented using a combined network of delay lines, which facilitates the easy introduction of interactions between different time domain elements and avoids the use of complex multipliers in the time domain. Together with the subsequent weighted amplification of the two-dimensional feature parameters of time and frequency, it can be seen as a simplification of the multiplication of the matrix.
  • Figure 9 is an embodiment of a synthesizer in which a dynamic filter (or filter bank) is used.
  • the signal entering the synthesizer is first decomposed into a set of time domain bases by time domain acquisition (31). After weighted amplification, the components in the time domain are respectively subjected to dynamic filter bank (35) to realize frequency domain decomposition. And regrouping.
  • dynamic filter banks special control interfaces (37) may be required due to the different filter materials and specific control principles that implement the filtering effect (36), which should generally be defined by the device manufacturer.
  • the transition characteristics of the dynamic filter bank are expressed as 1 ⁇ ⁇ Ci jYj(f). In this process, the frequency domain characteristic parameters of each time domain signal component are changed, and then the time domain combination recovery is performed by the accumulator (34).
  • the invention provides an optical transmission system and method for correcting signal time-frequency domain distortion, and controlling time domain and frequency domain morphology of a received signal by performing time-frequency domain synthesis and analysis on a received signal, to solve the optical transmission system in The optical signal transmission process under arbitrary routing conditions causes signal distortion.
  • the optical transmission system and method for correcting signal time-frequency domain distortion according to the present invention can compensate for the influence of the transmission process on the signal, and the beneficial effects thereof are not only that the automatic detection and optimization of the signal can be realized, but also that the transmission can be eliminated to the greatest extent. Dispersion and/or nonlinear effects of the system, especially the system of intensity modulation/demodulation.

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Description

纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统及其方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光通讯技术领域,尤其涉及一种纠正信号时频域畸变的光 传输系统及其方法。 背景技术
在光通讯系统中, 光信号由于传输媒质(如光纤)、光放大器及其它 光学处理器件 (如光滤波器等) 的影响导致接收到的信号性能下降。 在 光电系统中, 上述很多因素都会影响光信号的属性特征, 导致系统性能 下降, 而这些因素在光通讯系统中是难以避免的, 因此, 针对这些因素 导致的偉号改变, 在接收端使用某种调节装置来提高光信号的质量是一 种值得运用的途径。
在光纤传输系统中,对信号形态的改变主要在于色散效应和非线性效 应导致的时域形态改变和频域形态改变。 这些改变不但会导致传输系统 在接收端的灵敏度明显下降, 严重时会导致接收端信号严重弥散而不可 用。 一般的光学色散补偿器(例如, 色散补偿光纤或光栅) 可以在一定 程度上改善信号的质量, 但其主要在于通过频域的线性改变来调节信号 在时域的形态, 而不能、 或者不完全能弥补光纤传输线路的非线性效应 所导致的信号在时域和频域都发生的改变。
使用电路和信号处理手段也可以在一定程度上改善信号的质量,时域 均衡滤波是一种常见的方法, 其要旨在于直接在时域寻求信号形态的恢 复; 还有一些方法是使用纠错码技术的信号处理方法, 例如符合 ITU-T G.975标准的前向纠错技术及对其进行改进的方法, 以及应用 "最大似然 值方法(MLSE, Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Estimation) "的纠错技术, 这些方法在误码率不太高的情况下(例如小于 10_5)作用明显, 但不能在 根本上改变传输的影响。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种纠正信号时频域畸变的光 传输系统及其方法, 对接收信号进行时频域综合及分析, 控制接收信号 的时域和频域形态, 以解决光传输系统在任意路由条件下光信号传送过 程导致信号畸变, 努力消除传输系统的色散和 /或非线性效应限制, 提高 系统性能。
本发明提供一种纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统, 包括:
信号发射端, 用于发射一个具有可知特征参数的光信号;
信号传输线路, 用于传输所述光信号;
信号综合器,用于将信号传输线路传送来的所述光信号进行时频域变 换调整;
信号再生器, 用于将调整后的光信号再生为电信号;
信号分析器, 用于对再生后的电信号进行时频域分析;
控制器,用于根据时频域分析的结果,反馈控制信号综合器对信号进 行时频域优化调整。
本发明还提供一种纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统, 包括: 信号发射端, 用于发射一个具有可知特征参数的光信号;
信号传输线路, 用于传输所述光信号;
信号再生器, 用于将信号传输线路传送来的光信号再生为电信号; 信号综合器, 用于将再生后的电信号进行时频域变换调整; 信号分析器, 用于对经时频域变换调整后的电信号进行时频域分析; ¾制器,用于根据时频域分析的结果,反馈控制信号综合器对信号进 行时频域优化调整。
本发明还提供一种光传输系统中纠正信号时频域畸变的方法,包括如 下步骤:
( 1 )在系统发射端确定一个具有可知特征参数的信号 s, 其在接收 端被理想再生为信号 S, 并确定系统所能容忍的所述特征参数的最大偏差 δ;
(2) 在光传输系统中, 将在接收端理想再生后的信号 s的时频域分 析 W的结果确定为理想时频域特征参数
Figure imgf000004_0001
(3 )检测光传输系统中经传输效应1\ 时频域变换 C后实际再生信 号 s的时频域分析 W的结果, 并将其确定为实际时频域特征参数 ρ'¾= W(C(T(s)));
(4)判断 p'ij是否满足范数 |^ ,¾ II与最大偏差 δ的关系 ||ρ ρ'¾ ||> S , 如果满足, 则进入步骤(5 ) , 如果不满足, 则进入步骤(6) ;
(5 )自动调节时频域变换 C来改变 p'y=W(C(T(s))),返回步骤(4);
(6)确定此时实际时频域特征参数 ρ'ϋ为系统时频域特征参数。 采用本发明所述光传输系统和方法能够补偿传送过程对信号的影响, 其有益效果不仅在于可以实现信号的自动检测和优化, 还在于可以最大 程度地消除传输系统(尤其是强度调制 /解调的系统) 的色散和 /或非线性 效应。 附图概述
图 1是自动纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统的一个实施例,其信号 综合装置为一可控制光学元件组;
图 2是自动纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统的另一个实施例,其信 号综合装置为一可控制电路装置;
图 3 是纠正信号时频域畸变的控制过程的流程图;
图 4是按照基函数构成综合器时的一个实施例;
图 5是使用与图 4等效的综合器时的一个实施例;
图 6是综合器的一个实施例, 其中使用了可变时域门;
.图 Ί是对图 4的乘法器简化时的一个实施例;
图 8是综合器的一个实施例, 其中使用了可变延迟器; 图 9是综合器的一个实施例, 其中使用了动态滤波器或滤波器组。 本发明的最佳实施方式
为了适应不同传输线路对接收性能的影响、优化系统的性能,本发明 提出了一种同时采用时频域分析和综合的、 纠正信号时频域畸变的光传 输系统及方法, 来优化光通讯系统性能。
以下结合附图及实施例,对采用时频域综合分析反馈调整的光传输系 统及其方法进行详细描述。
如图 1和图 2所示,是自动纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统,其中 图 1是该系统的一个实施例, 其信号综合器为一可控制光学元件组, 图 2 是该系统的另一个实施例, 其信号综合器为一可控制电路装置; 图 3 是 实现纠正信号时频域畸变的控制过程的流程图;图 4一 9表示所述信号综 合器的构成及控制, 其中, 图 4是按照基函数构成综合器时的一个实施 例; 图 5是使用与图 4等效综合器时的一个实施例; 图 6是综合器的一 个实施例, 其中使用了可变时域门; 图 7是对图 4乘法器简化时的一个 实施例; 图 8是综合器的一个实施例, 其中使用了可变延迟器; 图 9是 综合器的一个实施例, 其中使用了动态滤波器(或滤波器组) 。
在上述图 1一 9的各图中, 各数字表示的器件如下-
1: 信号发射端; 2: 传输线路; 3: 信号综合器; 4: 信号再生器; 5: 控制器; 6: 信号分析器; 30: 加权放大; 31 : 时域采集; 32: 频域采集;
33: 乘法器; 34: 累加器; 35: 动态滤波器 (或滤波器组) ; 36: 可调 频域响应元件; 37: 控制数转换接口, 38: 可变时域门; 39: 可变延迟 o 如图 1所示,说明了具有纠正信号时频域畸变功能的光传输系统的一 个实施例, 该方案所述的系统包括: 发射端 (1 ) 、 信号传输线路(2) 、 时频域信号综合器(3) 、 信号再生器(4) 、 信号分析器(6) 、 和控制 器(5) 。
其中, 发射端 (1 ) 的光信号经过传输线路 (2) 实现远距离的信号 传送; 时频域综合器(3)在接收端对送达的信号进行调整, 目的是使之 达到优化的状态; 信号的再生器(4) 实现将光信号再生为电信号; 信号 分析器(6) 实时检测再生信号并对其进行时频域分析; 然后通过反馈控 制器(5) 实现对综合器(3) 中的各组成元件参数进行调整。
在图 1中,所使用的带单向箭头的连接线,表示各个硬件部分的业务 信号连接, 用带双向箭头的连接线表示控制信号的连接。
进一步地, 在图 1中, S是表示从用户处送来的信号, 对应于本传输 系统所服务的业务。
在图 1中, 发射端 (1 ) , 一般应能够提供一种探测信号, 既可以是 在信号传送路由未服务于业务信号时专门传送以便接收端执行对所传输 信号的优化, 也可以是伴随业务信号共同传送以便接收端执行对信号的 实时调节; 同时, 该探测信号, 既可以是带内的, 也可以是带外的。 如 果业务信号本身带有某种稳定并且可知的特征参数, 也可以直接使用业 务信号本身而不是专用的探测信号来实现优化。
在图 1中, 信号传输线路(2) , 可以包含光纤或其他具有显著的传 输效应的媒质, 在此传送线路所表示的信号路由过程中, 可以包含具有 光学处理功能的元件或设备, 例如具有放大、 滤波、 交叉交换等功能的 元件或设备。
在图 1中, ·时频域信号综合器(3) , 一般应包含延时器、 滤波器、 放大器等频域或时域响应元件, 或具有等效于以上器件功能的元件组, 实现对所接收到的信号进行时频域调整。
在图 1中, 控制器 (5) , 是时频域信号综合器的控制指令来源, 用 来改变信号综合器的工作参数 (例如, 其中的延时器、 滤波器、 放大器 等的工作参数) 。 控制器输出指令 (模拟的或者是数字的) 因综合器的 具体构成方式不同而不同。
在图 1中,信号首先经过时频域信号综合器(3),再到达再生器(4), 这表示该信号综合器由光学处理器件构成。 如图 2所示,是本发明所述的具有纠正信号时频域畸变功能的光传输 系统的另一种实施例, 在图 2中, 时频域信号综合器(3 ) 为电子线路, 传输线路 (2) 所输出的信号将先经过再生器 (4) , 再送入时频域信号 综合器 (3) , 其它元件工作原理同图 1中所述的对应元件。
要实现本发明的纠正信号时频域畸变的目标功能,其可实现性主要体 现在信号分析器所涉及的数学方法, 以及信号综合器的具体实现方式。 前者在下文中结合本装置的工作过程,涉及公式 1-8所对应的原理性说明 及实施例;后者在下文中对应图 4一图 9所表达的装置结构实施例给出具 体的说明。
如图 3所示,说明了在上面所述的光传输系统中,纠正信号时频域畸 变的方法的具体实现流程, 当光信号经传输系统传送到接收端时, 在接 收端对所接收到的信号进行时频域参量分析, 利用提取的特征参数对系 统进行实时或非实时的调整。
具体执行过程如下:
步骤 1 : 确定理想时频域特征参数。
首先, 在系统发射端确定一个具有可知特征参数的信号 S, 其在接收 端被理想再生为信号 S, 并确定系统所能容忍的所述特征参数的最大偏差 δ。所述发射端的信号 S中用于性能优化的部分具有可知的特征参数,例 如一串约定的码元, 该信号的理想.再生是己知的, 无论其是否可在接收 端被理想再生。 然后, 在光传输系统中, 将在接收端理想再生后的信号 S 的时频域分析 W的结果作为理想时频域特征参数, 如公式 1所示,
公式 1 : PiJ=W (s) 。
步骤 2: 检测本传输系统中实际再生信号的特征参数。
所述的光信号 s经过系统传送, 计传输效应为 T , 经时频域综合器 进行时频域变换 C , 再生信号被时频域分析器检测, 得到光信号经系统 传输后的时频域特征参数, 如公式 2所示,
公式 2: p' = W (C(T(s)))。 步骤 3: 对实际特征参数与理想特征参数进行比较调整。
3.1由控制器判断 ρ'¾是否满足范数 ||ρ¾-ρ,ΰ II与最大偏差 S的关系一一
ΙΙΡΓΡ'ϋ ΙΙ> δ (公式 3)
即, 所述信号 S经系统传输和综合处理后的时频域特征参数 p'ij与理 想的目标参数函数 进行比较,将范数 llPij-p'ij II与预定的 S进行比较。如 果不满足, 则确定此时实际时频域特征参数 p'g为系统时频域特征参数。
3.2如果满足, 则分别针对基于基函数组的控制参数与非基于基函数 的控制参数进行调整。 此步骤中, 调节时频域变换 C 来改变 ρ'¾ = W(C(T(s))), 通过调整综合器的参数以改变 C, 使得范数 llp-p' II趋近于一 个最小值, 即一个小于 δ的值。
3.3检测本系统调整后实际再生信号的特征参数, 返回 3.1利用公 式 7进行偏差验证判断。
在上述步骤 2和步骤 3中,对信号进行时频域分析时,可以采用很多 方法, 使用不同的函数进行分析, 一种方法 (但不局限于该方法)是小波分 析。 所述的不同函数可以是基函数, 也可以是非基函数。 在采用基函数 时, 所述基函数是多种多样的, 可以是正交的 (如 sin和 cos)、 非正交的, 或小波包, 例如多项式样条函数就是其中最简单的函数之一。 在公式 1 中, W表示一种离散的时频域变换, 所获得的一组变换系数 ρ , 表示信 号 s在某一组基函数 {Bisj(f,t)}条件下的组合, 该信号 s可以表示为:
公式 4: s = ∑∑ ΰ Β^(ζί) = Β(^)
一般地,为便于使用硬件装置来实现公式 4所表达的基函数组合,可 以取:
公式 5:
Figure imgf000008_0001
- XiW Y f)
在公式 5中, {Xi(t)}作为实现时域分解的函数空间, 可以选取便于通 过硬件来实现的一组, 例如时域门函数序列或阶跃函数序列, 可以使用 开关、 延迟器、 或组合来实现。
同时在公式 5中, {Yj(f)}作为实现频域分解的函数空间, 也可以选取 便于通过硬件来实现的一组, 例如一定间隔的频域序列, 可以使用滤波 器及其组合、 或频域采集电路来实现。
在上述步骤 2中, 所谓综合, 就是把各种信号成分进行时频域变换, 即先对信号分别进行时域、 频域分解, 然后再重新合成恢复该信号, 从 而由该 "分解一合成"过程来优化信号; 所谓分析, 就是把信号分解取 得信号成分, 即对综合后的信号就其特征参数 p进行分析。
对信号的综合有多种方法, 例如使用时域均衡器、 频域动态滤波器、 或色散补偿器组。 当使用与公式 5 所表达的基函数相对应的硬件装置构 成综合器时,在公式 1中, C表示通过硬件装置实现的一种离散的时频域 变换, 使用一组变换系数 ·; T表示传输效应所导致的信号变化, 可用 一组变换系数 来近似地表达。则在接收端实际获得的信号可以表示为: 公式 6: s, = c t p B (f,t)
在接收端的信号分析可以得到,
公式 7: s,= p,B (f,t)
公式 7 ¾[p'ij ] = [Pij ]时信号被恢复。
信号 s和特征参数 p之间的变换是采用数学手段:用基函数与原函数 做内积; 以及物理手段: 用基函数为传输特征的器件对原信号做滤波透 过的信号功率来实现的。
分析器进行分析的方法与综合器的前端对信号进行分解的方法不一 定相同, 当相同时按照下文 3.2.1 步骤处理, 当不相同时按照下文 3.2.2 步骤处理; 可以使用这一部分的信号抽头获得分析结果。
在上述步骤 3中, 自动进行信号的时频域分析和综合的过程,可以进 一步细化为以下步骤- 步骤 3.1 : 当被检测信号在系统工作状态下进行时频域分析的结果与 预计的结果出现偏差时, 所偏差的程度通过参量比较可以被发现, 在必 要时时频域分析器将向控制器发送触发信息。 触发条件可以表示为: 公式 3: llp-p' II > δ 步骤 3.2.1 : 控制器获得触发后, 根据分析结果(如小波级数的系数 系列和由这些序列复原的实时算法)对系统进行时频域控制的调整。 作 为控制参数的一种实施例, 可以表示为- 公式 8.1 : c = A p p ' -1, 或
公式 8.2: 首先令 c' = c, 然后再令 c - A c' p p' '1
其中, 公式 8.1用于首次控制, 公式 8.2用于迭代控制, c是对综合 器进行控制的一组参数, A是为了补偿系统误差或加速控制过程收敛的一 个系数。 即: 如果首次控制不能消除触发条件, 则需要进行迭代, 直至 消除触发条件。 在迭代时每完成一次控制, 检测所得到的 p'都会发生变 化, 因此需要比较 p'和 p的差异生成新的控制参数 c。
需要声明的是: 公式 8.1和 8.2仅作为可能实现的控制参数的一个例 子, 可在一定范围下适用。 例如适用于图 4和图 5所示的实施例 (在这 一类实施例中, 综合器实际模拟了分析器所使用的基函数组) , 并要求 时域展开的阶数与时域展开的阶数相同。
除了上述特殊情况外,可以使用其他通用的优化算法,例如成功失败 法、 螺旋下降法、 最陡下降法、 或更为高效的生物算法等来调整和确定 控制参数^例如在图 6所示的实施例中, 控制参数与图 4和图 5所示的 实施例相比更加丰富;再例如在图 7和图 8的实施例中所示加权放大 (30) 的方式, 简化了图 4和图 5所示的乘法器(33) ; 更多的例子如图 9的 实施例中使用了动态的可控滤波器组(35)来实现频域分解和加权组合。 因此图 6— 9所示实施例更适用于通用的优化方法而不能使用公式 8.1和 8.2。
步骤 33中, 时频域分析器再次对调整后的信号进行时频域分析(公 式 2) , 然后检验控制结果, 如果公式 3所表示的触发条件依然存在, 则 返回步骤 3.1实现迭代控制, IP,用实际特征参量与理想特征参量相比较, 经过反馈控制使实际特征参量趋近理想特征参量; 否则控制过程停止。
: Φ发明的一种典型方案特征是使用符合基函数构造的综合装置。例如 使用公式 5 所示的基函数类型, 所对应的综合器装置结构的一种实施例 如图 4一 8所示。
本发明不排除另外一种使用非基函数构造的综合装置方案,此时所使 用的基函数实施例与综合器装置结构实施例不存在数学模型上的对应关 系, 信号分析提取的参数仅用做特征比较, 而不用于构造控制参数, 此 时步骤 3.2.1替换为:
步骤 3.2.2: 控制器获得触发后, 对控制参数按照一般的优化控制算 法所确定的方向进行调整, 例如使用一种 "成功-失败法", 当上一步骤 的调整使 Ilp-P' II减小, 则继续调整; 当上一步骤的调整使 llp-p' II增加, 则 反转 (仍满足触发条件时) 。
以上功能可以是在系统运行过程中或系统调试过程中依靠本发明方 法中的时频域分析器和反馈控制器自动实施的。
至此,我们可以认为系统对信号传输过程中的影响通过对信号的时频 调整而消除。
附图 4一 9详细说明了本发明的光通讯系统中的时频域综合器的构 成, 及控制特点。
图 4是按照基函数构成综合器时的一个实施例,进入综合器的信号首 先经过时域采集(31 )被分解为一组时域基的组合(图中符号 < >表示进 入该模块的信号与基函数的内积),其时域各分量分别经过频域采集(32) 被进一步分解为多组频域基的组合, 这些时频域分量 (标记为 )构成 时间与频率两维特征参数。 再经过乘法器(33 )被控制参数(标记为 Cij) 加权, .再经过累加器(34) 实现时域和频域的组合恢复。
图 5是使用与图 4等效综合器时的一个实施例,进入综合器的信号首 先经过频域采集 (32) 被分解为一组频域基的组合, 其频域各分量分别 经过时域采集 (31 )被进一步分解为多组时域基的组合, 这些时频域分 量 (标记为 ) 构成时间与频率两维特征参数。 再经过乘法器 (33 )被 控制参数(标记为 ) 加权, 再经过累加器 (34) 实现时域和频域的组 合恢复。 其中乘法器的功能在图中标记为 bij〜∑cikakj。
图 6是综合器的一个实施例,其中使用了可变时域门。在这个实施例 中进一步给出实现时域采集 (31 ) 的一个可能的方案, 即时域门器件的 组合, 这些时域门可以是可变的, 即其时域传输特性可以是短时的并具 有合适的包络, 其范围和幅度可以被控制, 这意味着时域基函数形式的 变化, 因而分析的结果和控制参数的产生方式会因之而改变。
图 7是对图 4乘法器简化时的一个实施例, 用加权放大器(30) 组 代替了乘法器, 在功能上以两维特征参数和控制参数的元素相乘
代替了矩阵相乘(b ∑Cikakj) , 降低了实现的难度。
图 8是综合器的一个实施例,其中使用了可变延迟器。这个实施例表 明, 时域采集 (31 ) 也可使用延迟线的组合网络来实现, 这有利于便利 地引入不同时域元素之间的相互影响, 且可以在时域避免使用复杂的乘 法器。 连同随后对时间和频率两维特征参数的加权放大, 可以看作是对 矩阵相乘的一种简化。
图 9是综合器的一个实施例,其中使用了动态滤波器(或滤波器组)。 进入综合器的信号, 首先经过时域采集 (31 )被分解为一组时域基的组 合, 经过加权放大后, 其时域各分量分别经过动态滤波器组(35)来实 现频域的分解和重新组合。 在动态滤波器组中, 因实现滤波效应 (36) 的不同滤通材料和具体控制原理, 可能需要特别的控制接口 (37) , 一 般应该由器件制造商来定义。 动态滤波器组的转移特性被表示为 1 ~∑ CijYj(f)。 在这个过程中, 各时域信号分量的频域特征参数被改变, 再经过 累加器(34) 实现时域的组合恢复。
本发明中, 图 4-9的实施例仅体现了便于说明的一些表达方式, 因此 本发明不排除对图 4-9的实施例中各部分进行等价的改变,或对图 4-9的 实施例中各部分进行变通组合。 工业实用性 本发明所提供的一种纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统及方法,通过 对接收信号进行时频域综合及分析, 控制接收信号的时域和频域形态, 用以解决光传输系统在任意路由条件下光信号传送过程导致信号畸变。 采用本发明所述的纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统及方法, 能够补偿 传送过程对信号的影响, 其有益效果不仅在于可以实现信号的自动检测 和优化, 还在于可以最大程度地消除传输系统 (尤其是强度调制 /解调的 系统) 的色散和 /或非线性效应。

Claims

极 刺 要 求 书
1、 一种纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 包括- 信号发射端, 用于发射一个具有可知特征参数的光信号;
信号传输线路, 用于传输所述光信号;
信号综合器,用于将信号传输线路传送来的所述光信号进行时频域变 换调整;
信号再生器, 用于将调整后的光信号再生为电信号;
信号分析器, 用于对再生后的电信号进行时频域分析;
控制器,用于根据时频域分析的结果, 反馈控制信号综合器对信号进 行时频域优化调整。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述信号发射端 发射的所述光信号,是在信号传送路由未服务于业务信号时专门传送以便 在对应接收端执行优化的带内或带外的探测信号;或是伴随业务信号共同 传送以便接收端执行实时调节优化的带内或带外的探测信号;或是一种本 身带有至少一种稳定并且可知的特征参数的业务信号。
.
3、 如权利要求 1所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述信号传输线 路包含光纤、 具有放大、 滤波、 交叉交换光学处理功能的元件或设备。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述信号综合器 是由光学处理器件构成, 包含延时器、 滤波器、放大器、 或它们的等效器 件。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制器, 是 通过发送数字或模拟的控制指令来改变信号综合器的工作参数,控制信号 综合器对所述光信号进行调整的。
6、 一种纠正信号时频域畸变的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 包括- 信号发射端, 用于发射一个具有可知特征参数的光信号;
信号传输线路, 用于传输所述光信号; 信号再生器, 用于将信号传输线路传送来的光信号再生为电信号; 信号综合器, 用于将再生后的电信号进行时频域变换调整;
信号分析器, 用于对经时频域变换调整后的电信号进行时频域分析; 控制器, 用于根据时频域分析的结果, 反馈控制信号综合器对信号进 行时频域优化调整。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述信号发射端 发射的所述光信号,是在信号传送路由未服务于业务信号时专门传送以便 在对应接收端执行优化的带内或带外的探测信号;或是伴随业务信号共同 传送以便接收端执行实时调节优化的带内或带外的探测信号;或是一种本 身带有至少一种稳定并且可知的特征参数的业务信号。 .
8、 如权利要求 6所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述信号传输线 路包含光纤、 具有放大、 滤波、 交叉交换光学处理功能的元件或设备。
9、 如权利要求 6所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述信号综合器 是由电学处理器件构成, 包含延时器、滤波器、放大器、 或它们的等效器 件。
10、如权利要求 6所述的光传输系统, 其特征在于, 所述控制器, 是 通过发送数字或模拟的控制指令来改变信号综合器的工作参数,控制信号 综合器对所述电信号进行调整的。
11、一种光传输系统中纠正信号时频域畸变的方法, 其特征在于, 包 括如下步骤:
( 1 )在系统发射端确定一个具有可知特征参数的信号 s,其在接收端 被理想再生为信号 S,并确定系统所能容忍的所述特征参数的最大偏差 δ;
(2) 在光传输系统中, 将在接收端理想再生后的信号 s的时频域分 析 W的结果确定为理想时频域特征参数 p¾= W(s);
(3)检测光传输系统中经传输效应1\ 时频域变换 C后实际再生信 号 s的时频域分析 W的结果, 并将其确定为实际时频域特征参数 ρ'¾= W(C(T(s))); (4)判断 p'ij是否满足范数 ||ρ ρ II与最大偏差 S的关系 ||p p'ij || > δ, 如果满足, 则进入步骤 (5) , 如果不满足, 则进入步骤(6) ;
(5)自动调节时频域变换 C来改变 p'ij=W(C(T(s))),返回步骤(4);
(6)确定此时实际时频域特征参数 ρ'¾为系统时频域特征参数。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(1 ) 中的所 述信号 s是一种发射端在信号传送路由未服务于业务信号时专门传送以便 接收端执行优化的带内、 或带外的探测信号;
或是一种发射端伴随业务信号共同传送以便接收端执行实时调节的 带内、 或带外的探测信号;
或是一种本身带有至少一种稳定并且可知的特征参数的业务信号。
13、如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(1 ) 中的所 述系统所能容忍的特征参数的最大偏差 δ,是满足系统要求的实际时频域 特征参数与理想时频域特征参数的最大偏差值。
14、如权利要求.11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(2) 中对信 号 s进行时频域分析 W的方法是小波分析方法, 其中, W表示一种离散 的时频域变换, 所述 p¾=W(s)是时频域变换所得的一组时频域特征参数。
15、如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(3) 中对所 述信号 s进行时频域变换 C的步骤包括:
对信号 s进行时频域分解, 分解出时域部分和频域部分;
对分解的时域部分和频域部分进行综合, 合成出信号 s。.
16、 如权利要求 15所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(3) 中对所 述信号进行时频域变换 C的步骤是利用信号综合器进行的,其中,所述信 号综合器是基于基函数、 或基于非基函数构建的。
17、 如权利要求 15所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述信号综合器是时 频域均衡器、 或频域动态滤波器、 或色散补偿器组。
18、 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(5) 中自动 调节时频域变换 C来改变
Figure imgf000016_0001
数来构造且时频域变换中时域展开阶数与频域展开阶数相同时,是采用对 时频域变换参数 C进行迭代的方式实现优化调整的。
19、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(5) 中自动 调节时频域变换 C来改变 p'ij=W(C(T(s)))的步骤,是采用成功失败法、或 螺旋下降法、 或最陡下降法、 或生物算法来调整和确定控制参数 c的。
20、 如权利要求 16或 19所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(5) 中自动调节时频域变换 C来改变 W(C(T(s)))的步骤,在所述综合器采 用非基函数来构造时, 是使用一种成功一失败法, 在上一次调整步骤使 liPij-p'ij II减小时, 则继续, 在上一次调整步骤使 ||ρ -ρ,¾ ||增加时, 则反向调
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