WO2007098707A1 - Procédé, dispositif et application pour transmettre des signaux dtm sur otn - Google Patents

Procédé, dispositif et application pour transmettre des signaux dtm sur otn Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007098707A1
WO2007098707A1 PCT/CN2007/000667 CN2007000667W WO2007098707A1 WO 2007098707 A1 WO2007098707 A1 WO 2007098707A1 CN 2007000667 W CN2007000667 W CN 2007000667W WO 2007098707 A1 WO2007098707 A1 WO 2007098707A1
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Prior art keywords
dtm
otn
signal
intermediate data
frame
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PCT/CN2007/000667
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shimin Zou
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Hua Wei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Hua Wei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Hua Wei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to JP2008556640A priority Critical patent/JP4708482B2/ja
Publication of WO2007098707A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007098707A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/16Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
    • H04J3/1605Fixed allocated frame structures
    • H04J3/1611Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical transport network technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and application device for transmitting a DTM on an OTN.
  • Next-generation networks require efficient transmission and performance monitoring capabilities, as well as the highest levels of availability and survivability.
  • SO ET/SDH Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital System
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexing
  • Sex with the continuous growth of Internet and data traffic, it is difficult for SONET/SDH to meet the requirements of the current metro optical transport network.
  • a new network solution is needed to meet the scalability and manageability needs of the network.
  • An optical transmission network (OTN: Optical Transmission Net) based on the ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Telecommunications Standards Department) G.709 came into being.
  • the core content of the G.709 recommendation is Digital Wrapper. It constructs a special frame format that encapsulates the client signal into the payload unit of the frame, and provides overhead bytes (OH) for running, managing, maintaining, and providing (OAM&P) at the frame header, and at the end of the frame.
  • a forward error correction (FEC: Forward Error Correction) byte is provided.
  • the digital encapsulation technology can support the optical channel layer overhead of the client layer signal, fully consider the optical channel regeneration requirement, support the transmission of the overhead cost, and facilitate the access of various services, and easily solve the performance monitoring in the optical transmission network. problem.
  • the introduction of FEC technology effectively improves the error performance of the client layer signal, further reduces the optical network's demand for photoelectric conversion, and greatly reduces the cost of network construction.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a standard frame format of an OTN. It can be seen that the OTN standard frame is a 4-line 4080-column frame format. Header 16 is the overhead byte, tail 255 is the FEC check byte, and the middle 3808 is the payload. Head overhead byte, line 1 - 7 is the frame alignment byte (FAS), and 8 - 14 bytes is the overhead byte of the kth optical channel transport unit (OTUK '.Optical channel Transport Unit), where k Different values correspond to different rate transmission modes; lines 2 - 4 are listed as level k optical channel data units (ODUK: Optical channel Data Unit) overhead bytes, section 15, 16 is the overhead byte of the OPUK (Optical Channel Payload Unit).
  • the seventh byte of the FAS is a Multiframe Indication (MFAS), which is used to indicate the overhead allocation when carrying multiple user service signals in time division multiplexing.
  • MFAS Multiframe Indication
  • the OTUK overhead byte provides monitoring of the state of the transmitted signal between the regenerative nodes in the OTN, including Re-amplification, Reshaping, and Retiming (3R), including Section Monitoring (Section Monitoring). " ) overhead bytes, GCC0 (GCC General Communication Channel) inter-terminal communication channel overhead bytes and RES ( Reserved for future international standardization) reserved bytes three parts.
  • ODUK overhead provides cascading connectivity monitoring, end-to-end channel monitoring and customer signal adaptation via OPUK.
  • ODUK provides a rich overhead byte (lines 2 - 4 1 - 14 ⁇ l) to accomplish the above functions. Including Path Monitoring (“PM”) overhead, Tandem Connection Monitoring (“TCM”) overhead, General Communication Channel (“GCC”) bytes GCC1 and GCC2 overhead, automatic protection Switching and protection control channel (Auto-Protection Switching, Protection Control Channel, APS/PCC) overhead bytes, fault type and fault location (FTTFL) information, overhead words for experiment Section (Experiment, the tube is called ' ⁇ ') and so on.
  • PM Path Monitoring
  • TCM Tandem Connection Monitoring
  • GCC General Communication Channel
  • FTFL fault type and fault location
  • OPUK is composed of the payload (OPU) mapped by the client signal and its associated overhead (OPU OH) group adjustment byte and mapping specific overhead (Map Specific Overhead), among which PSI has 0 ⁇ 255 possible under MFAS indication respectively. Value, where the 0th byte is the client signal type indication (PT: Payload Type) and the rest is reserved (RES: Reserved) bytes, which are reserved for future expansion.
  • PT Payload Type
  • RES Reserved
  • CBR Constant Bit Rate
  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • GFP General Framing Procedure
  • DTM Dynamic Synchronous Transfer Mode
  • DTM service is an ETSI standard transmission technology that can provide high quality transmission; it combines time division multiplexing (TDM) switching technology and packet (PACKET) switching technology; overcomes the need for large buffers for PACKET networks and cannot be used for real-time services. Guarantee the shortcomings of quality of service (QoS), and have the QoS capability of TDM and the dynamic bandwidth allocation of PACKET networks; support the transmission of real-time broadband services, various data services, video services, and TDM services; provide multicast capability; To the maximum transmission capacity, the overhead is small.
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • PACKET packet
  • DTM can compete with ETN (Ethernet Transport Network) in terms of functionality and performance. In addition to the same dynamic bandwidth capabilities of ETN, DTM also has the ability to transmit real-time services such as TDM with high shield. DTM combines simple, non-blocking, real-time communication and other attributes in circuit-switched technology with dynamic resource processing attributes in packet-switched technology. By combining the advantages of synchronous and asynchronous media access, a dynamic resource is constructed. A high-capacity transport network structure that is allocated. DTM is essentially a circuit-switched approach to TDM, so the network can match traffic changes and allocate bandwidth between two nodes as needed.
  • ETN Ethernet Transport Network
  • the DTM uses a similar frame structure to SDH/SONET (Synchronous Digital Series/Synchronous Optical Network) and extends the dynamic redistribution of resources to the DTM.
  • SDH/SONET Serial Digital Series/Synchronous Optical Network
  • DTM can establish channels or circuits of multiple speeds as needed, and the channel capacity can be changed according to the flow characteristics during operation. Since the resource allocation between nodes on a ring or bus structure is variable, unused resources are allocated to nodes with higher demand, providing an autonomous and efficient dynamic infrastructure. Similarly, an important feature of DTM is the ability to provide multi-channel interfaces like ATM.
  • DTM is based on time division multiplexing, so the transmission capacity of any Fibre Channel is divided into small time units.
  • the total channel capacity is divided into fixed-frame frames of 125 microseconds, and each frame is further divided into 64-bit time slots.
  • the number of frame slots per frame depends on the bit rate (bit stream). For example, a 2Gbps bitstream with a total of approximately 3900 slots per frame ( 2xl0 9 xl25xl0- 6 /64 ).
  • the choice of 125 microsecond frame length, 64bits time slot enables single-tone adjustment of digital audio and quasi-synchronous digital series transmission.
  • the time gap in each frame is further divided into a data gap and a control gap.
  • a time gap is either a data gap or a control gap.
  • the data gap can be converted to a control gap if needed.
  • the permissions to write data slots and control slots are distributed across nodes on the channel.
  • the DTM frame structure is different from the frame structure in the traditional TDM system. Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of the DTM frame structure.
  • DTM ⁇ starts with a frame identifier (SOF), followed by a data slot. After the end of the frame, it is a gap position. The gap is composed of some padding patterns to ensure smooth recovery of the clock at the receiving end.
  • the frame length is 125 microseconds.
  • the repetition frequency is 8 kHz; n data represents the number of time slots, and fe lc)W and fe high represent the upper and lower limits of the frame error, respectively.
  • DTM has completed a large number of standards release in ETSI, including: physical layer protocol; DTM frame mapping to SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) VC (Virtual Container, Virtual Container); SDH mapping to DTM; MPLS mapping to DTM and other standards , but did not publish content about how the DTM maps to OTN.
  • DTM to OTN mapping is to be implemented, the DTM needs to be mapped (OVER) to the SDH VC and then mapped to the OTN.
  • DTM mapping to SDH is one of the established standards of ETSI.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of mapping existing DTM time slots to SDH VC4.
  • the DTM has a slot of 65 bits in VC4, where the S bit is a special flag bit. A value of 0 indicates that data is transmitted, and a value of 1 indicates that other status information is transmitted, such as an alarm indication (AIS). Idle (IDLE), performance monitoring information, etc. Since the time slot is composed of 65 bits, the S bit is aligned with the start position of the byte every 8 time slots.
  • the synchronization problem of the DTM time slot is that the first data byte of each line in the VC is the synchronization starting point.
  • the first column of the payload area in VC-4 is a fixed stuffed byte
  • Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a TMUX (Multiplexer) device in which a DTM is mapped to an OTN through an SDH layer in the prior art.
  • Customer signals such as GE (Gigabit Ethernet)/FE (Fast Ethernet VESCON (Enterprise System Connection), TDM, etc., are adapted to SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) VCs by adaptation protocol; SDH VCs are reused to STM- In the N format, the STM-N remaps the ODU in the OTN and the OTUK to OTN transmission.
  • SDH can be mapped to OTN to achieve, so the cost of each level is large;
  • DTM maps to the OTN technology.
  • the DTM frame structure is a 125 microsecond periodic frame structure, the number of time slots is related to the line rate; and the OTN frame structure, such as ODUK (including ODU OH and OPUK), is a modular frame structure of 3824x4. It is a modular frame structure that has no relationship with the line rate. The period of different levels of ODU is different.
  • the frame period of ODU1 is more than 4 times longer than the frame period of ODU2, but the structure is still 3824x4 bytes; therefore, it cannot be directly
  • the time slot of the DTM is mapped to the time slot or byte of the ODUK, and the technique of mapping the DTM to the SDH cannot be borrowed on the OTN.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting a DTM on an OTN, the method comprising: mapping a client signal adapted to a specified dynamic synchronous transmission mode DTM slot rate to a corresponding slot position in an intermediate data frame, generating An intermediate data frame format signal having the same repetition period as the DTM frame and having the same rate as the payload area in the optical transport network OTN frame; mapping the intermediate data frame format signal to the OTN frame.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for transmitting a DTM on an OTN, including an adaptation module for adapting a client signal to a specified DTM slot rate; and an intermediate data frame module for adapting the adaptation module
  • the matched client signal is mapped to a corresponding slot position in the intermediate data frame to generate a signal in an intermediate data frame format, the intermediate data frame having the same repetition period as the DTM frame, and having a payload in the OTN frame with the optical transport network The same rate of the zone; and an optical transport network OTN line processing module for mapping the signals of the intermediate data frame format to the OTN frame.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical cross-connect device, including a combiner and a splitter, and the foregoing apparatus for transmitting a DTM on the OTN coupled to the combiner and the splitter, the device
  • the output signal is an input signal of the combiner
  • an output signal of the splitter is an input signal of the mapping device.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical add/drop multiplexer, including a mutually coupled wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing module and an optical wavelength add/drop multiplexing module, and coupled with the wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing module.
  • the device for transmitting a DTM on the OTN the output signal of the device is an input signal of the wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing module, and the reverse output signal of the wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing module is the device Reverse input signal.
  • the DTM is finally mapped to the OTN by using the same repetition period as the DTM frame and the intermediate data frame having the same rate as the payload area in the OTN frame of the optical transport network as a mapping medium. . Since the intermediate data frame is simpler in structure and physical implementation than the existing SDH VC frame, the cost is saved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing OTN frame
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an existing DTM
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of DTM allocation in a conventional VC4/VC4-XC
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of mapping an existing DTM time slot to an SDH VC4;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an existing TMU device
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame of an OPTUK-line according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular frame of an OPTU 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a TMUX for implementing DTM mapping to an OTN according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an OXC device for implementing DTM mapping to an OTN according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an OA M device for implementing DTM mapping to an OTN according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the prior art cannot directly map the time slots of the DTM into the time slots or bytes of the ODUK.
  • the present invention solves the problem that the above two frame formats cannot be directly matched by an intermediate data frame structure (or intermediate sub-layer) having a modular frame structure different from OTN in the DTM format, thereby using ODUK as the DTM.
  • Line rate direct mapping of DTM to OTN.
  • the intermediate data frame structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is a K-order optical channel Payload Tributary Unit-K (OPTUK: Optical Channel Payload Tributary Unit-K) frame.
  • OPTUK frame structure requires a repetition period of 125 microseconds (the same repetition period as the DTM frame structure), that is, the repetition frequency has the same K value corresponding to different nominal rates, for example, the nominal rate of the OPTU1 is STM-16.
  • the rate, the nominal rate of OPTU2 is the rate of STM-64
  • the nominal rate of OPTU3 is the rate of STM-256.
  • FIG. 6 is a frame structure diagram of an OPTUK-line in the embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a modular frame structure of an OPTU1 according to the present invention, and the modular frame structure in the figure includes 9 frames shown in FIG.
  • the OPTUk data frame structure includes a frame location identifier and a payload area, and the division of the time slot is divided in units of 64 bits (ie, the slot size of the DTM).
  • the OPTU1 data frame is 9 rows and 270x16 columns, and its size is 16x270x9 bytes.
  • N time slots are designated as overhead time slots, one of the N time slots is a frame synchronization function, and the bits of the N-1 time slots are used as control bits, and the total number of bits is greater than Or equal to the number of 4860-N time slots.
  • control bits are used to indicate the status of each time slot, such as a data time slot or a control time slot.
  • the control time slots include idle time slots, performance monitoring time slots, AIS time slots, and the like.
  • the difference from the DTM mapping VC is that the DTM time slot in the VC is 65 bits, wherein the S bit is a control bit; and the control bits in the solution are concentrated in N-1 overhead time slots, and the data time slot is 64-bit, the advantage of this is that there is no need to search for the slot position when the byte is synchronized.
  • the method for transmitting a DTM on the OTN includes the following steps:
  • An intermediate adaptation entity OPTUK (optical payload tributary unit) is constructed.
  • the adaptation entity has a total of 9 rows and 270 columns, which is Xx270x9 byte size (where X represents the nominal rate of OPTUK); the period of the entity is 1254.
  • Drum seconds; repetition rate is 8kbit/s; when K l, OPTU1 rate is the nominal rate of STM-16; physical volume is 16x270x9 bytes; likewise, OPTU2 rate is STM-64 nominal rate, physical volume is 64x270x9 bytes.
  • dividing the time slot of the OPTUK dividing the time slot in units of 64 bits; for example, dividing a total of 4860 time slots for OPTU1; the rate of each time slot is 512 KBIT/S;
  • c Map the received data frames into corresponding data slots; these data frames may be Ethernet frames, MPLS frames, or TDM frames. Since the number of DTM time slots is allocated according to the original rate of the client signal, the total rate of allocated dynamic synchronous transmission mode DTM time slots is greater than the corresponding client signal rate.
  • the frame synchronization time slot may be a fixed format frame positioning byte, for example, the same as F6, 28, etc.; 3 ⁇ 4r bytes, for example, the same synchronization method using GFP; e. Transparently map the OPTUK frame to the same level of ODUK; for example, OPTU1 maps to ODU1, or OPTU2 maps to ODU2, etc.; then ODUK is adapted to OTUK and transmitted on the line.
  • the line can be a single wavelength line or a multi-wavelength line.
  • a client signal adapted to a specified DTM slot rate is mapped to a corresponding slot position in an OPTUK frame (an intermediate data frame), the OPTUK frame having the same DTM frame The repetition period, and having the same rate as the payload area in the OTN frame of the optical transport network;
  • mapping the signal of the above OPTUK frame format to the OTN frame specifically, mapping the signal of the OPTUK frame format to the optical channel data unit ODUK, generates an ODUK signal, and then encapsulates the ODUK signal into a signal in an OTUK format, thereby completing mapping of the DTM to the OTN.
  • the division of the time slots in the OFTUK frame may be completely the same as the division unit of the DTM time slot in the DTM frame (for example, 64 bits), and may also be slightly larger than the time slot division unit in the DTM frame, for example, .
  • the time division of the OPTUK frame is performed in units of 65 bits.
  • the present invention replaces the SDH layer with the OPTUK layer with the DTM format, which not only saves cost, but also improves the utilization of the broadband, and does not require a complicated process of the SDH layer (
  • the rate of VC is fixed at several rates, VC12 transmits 2M, VC4 transmits 140M, etc., so DTM is limited by VC specific rate even if OVER to VC, when the transmitted client rate is greater than one VC, processing
  • the embodiment of the present invention can adapt to more Signal transmission at a wide range of customer rates, such as 200M, 1.5G/2G, etc. (because DTM time slots are directly divided at the rate close to STM-N).
  • the above embodiments of the method of the present invention can be implemented by different devices.
  • the following describes an apparatus for implementing the DTM mapping OTN of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a multiplexing converter (TMUX) for implementing DTM mapping to an OTN according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • TMUX multiplexing converter
  • This is a DTM TMUX architecture that can realize full service transparency. Whether it is data service, video service or traditional TDM service, transparent transmission can be realized. For data services, both MAC transparency and bit transparency can be achieved.
  • the TMUX includes: an adaptation module, an OPTUK module, and an OTN line processing module. among them,
  • the adaptation module is configured to perform physical layer processing on the client signal in the sending direction, and adapt the client signal to a DTM slot rate of a specified capacity.
  • the data service is processed by the physical layer and then matched by the GFP or other adaptation protocol.
  • the rate is equal to the specified number of DTM timeslots.
  • the rate of the GE service after GFP adaptation is about 1G.
  • the capacity of the left and right DTM time slots can satisfy the MAC transparent transmission of the GE; or the rate of each TDM service is adjusted to be equal to the specified number of DTM time slots, for example, the STM-1 signal can specify 305 DTM time slots to be transmitted.
  • TDM rate adjustment can be managed by DTM-time slots, which are adjustment control time slots, including positive adjustment control, negative adjustment control, and negative adjustment opportunities; of course, in special cases, data services also need bit transparency. It is handled in the same way as TDM services. Adapting the receiving direction of the module, completing the function opposite to the sending direction, and restoring the format signal with the adaptation protocol package to the original format of the client signal.
  • the OPTUK module is configured to map the adapted signals of all the adaptation modules to the DTM time slot positions in the specified OPTUK, and the multiplexing of the DTM time slots is performed by mapping the adapted signals to the designated time slots.
  • GE occupies 2000 DTM time slots after GFP adaptation
  • ESCON signals occupy 400 DTM time slots after GFP adaptation
  • all other client signals are adapted to occupy the remaining DTM time slots.
  • the gap fills the entire space of the OPTUK, thus completing the DTM multiplexing function for each client signal; after the multiplexing is completed, the format signal of the OPTUK is sent to the ODUK terminal module.
  • the OPTUK module receives the opposite function in the receiving direction, and extracts the data stream of each time slot from the OPTUK format signal, and sends it to the adaptation module to further solve the original signal.
  • the OTN line processing module has an OPUK:, ODUK, and OTUK framing function in the OTN line.
  • the OTN line processing module includes an ODUK module and an OTUK module.
  • the ODUK module is configured to complete the mapping of the OPTUK signal to the OPUK payload area in the sending direction, and generate an ODUK cost, and then send it to the OTUK module; in the receiving direction, terminate the ODUK Overhead, the OPTUK format signal is solved from the OPUK payload area and sent to the OPTU module.
  • the OTUK module further encapsulates the ODUK signal into an OTUK format signal in the sending direction, including generating an OTUK overhead, generating an FEC signal, and transmitting the line to the line after being converted by electro-optical conversion; completing the termination of the OTUK overhead in the receiving direction, and terminating the FEC;
  • the main difference between the device shown in FIG. 8 and the prior art (FIG. 5) is that the OPTUK module replaces the complex SDH VC layer function, so that the bandwidth is directly allocated on the format close to the line rate, and the DTM multiplexing is completed, thereby Adapt to a wider range of irregular client rate transmission and multiplexing;
  • the circuit implementation is relatively simple, the circuit processing cost is low; through the above device, the DTM can not be solved
  • the technical problem directly used in OPUK in the usual OTN, through such an intermediate sub-layer can be friendly to various services, and is also convenient to be adapted to OPUK, which not only expands the application range of OTN, but also makes OTN Better flexibility in terms of bandwidth utilization and customer access.
  • FIG. 9 is an OXC (Optical Cross-Connect) device with built-in DTM scheduling of the present invention.
  • the OXC device includes:
  • an adaptation module in the transmitting direction, adapts each client signal to a rate level of a specified DTM time slot group by an adaptation protocol, for example, a GE signal is adapted to a rate represented by 2000 DTM time slots by a GFP protocol
  • the 140M TDM signal is adapted to the rate represented by 300 DTM time slots by bit or byte stuffing; in the receiving direction, the de-adaptation process is completed, and the original client is solved from the data stream with the adapted protocol format. Signal format.
  • the OPTUK module in the transmitting direction, maps the adapted signals of all the adaptation modules to the DTM time slot positions in the specified OPTUK, and the multiplexing of the DTM time slots is performed by mapping these adapted signals to the designated time.
  • the gap is completed.
  • the GE occupies 2000 DTM time slots after GFP adaptation
  • the ESCON signal occupies 400 DTM time slots after GFP adaptation
  • all other client signals are adapted to occupy the remaining DTM time slots.
  • the OPTU module performs the opposite function in the receiving direction, and extracts the data stream with the adapted format of each time slot from the OPTUK format signal, and sends it to the adaptation module to further solve the original signal.
  • DTM cross module realizes the intersection of 512K particles; these OPTUK signals are input to the DTM cross module, respectively, from the line OPTUK, from the branch (local mapping direction) OPTUK, each OPTUK signal is in sync state, through simple
  • the frame adjustment circuit adjusts the phase difference between each OPTUK to achieve synchronous crossover.
  • OTN line processing module including OPUK, ODUE: OTUK framing function in OTN line; sending direction, OPTUK signal from DTM crossover is mapped to OPU signal of the same rate level, and is generated for end-to-end management.
  • ODUK overhead, low-order ODUK signal is multiplexed to higher-order ODUK signals, generating high-order OTUK overhead, including FEC; implementing electro-optical conversion to fixed-frequency color wavelengths; implementing DTM-to-OTN mapping and demapping; receiving direction, implementation Optoelectronic conversion, termination of OTUK, ODUK overhead, decoding of OPTUK format signals to the DTM crossover network;
  • This embodiment can achieve the same effect as the above embodiment, and the channel bandwidth utilization is greatly improved by using the 512k particles of the DTM to refine the channel of the OTN.
  • the OADM structure includes:
  • an adaptation module that adapts each client signal to a rate level of a specified DTM time slot group by an adaptation protocol in a transmission direction, for example, a GE signal is adapted to a rate represented by 2000 DTM time slots by a GFP protocol, The 140M TDM signal is adapted to the rate represented by 300 DTM time slots by bit or byte stuffing; the receiving direction, the de-adaptation process is completed, and the original client signal format is solved from the data stream with the adapted protocol format.
  • OPTU module The OPTUK module sends the direction of the adaptation to map the adapted signals of all the adaptation modules to the DTM slot positions in the specified OPTUK.
  • the multiplexing of the DTM slots is by mapping these adapted signals to the specified
  • the time slot is completed. For example, GE occupies 2000 DTM time slots after GFP adaptation, and ESCON signals occupy 400 DTM time slots after GFP adaptation, and all others.
  • the client signals are adapted to occupy the remaining DTM time slots. These DTM time slots occupy the entire space of the OPTUK, thereby completing the DTM multiplexing function for each client signal; after multiplexing, the OPTU format signal is completed. Send to the DTM cross module.
  • the receiving direction of the ⁇ module completes the opposite function, and the data stream with the adapted format of each time slot is solved from the ⁇ format signal, and sent to the adaptation module to further solve the original signal.
  • DTM cross module realizes the intersection of 512K particles; these OPTUK signals are input to the DTM cross module, respectively, from the line OPTUK, from the branch (local mapping direction) OPTUK, each OPTUK signal is in the synchronous state, through the single The frame adjustment circuit adjusts the phase difference between each OPTUK to achieve synchronous crossover.
  • OTN processing module including OPUK, ODUK, OTUK framing function in OTN line; sending direction, OPTUK signal from DTM crossover to OPUK signal of the same rate level, generating ODUK overhead for end-to-end management
  • the low-order ODU signal is multiplexed to the high-order ODUK signal to generate high-order OTU overhead, including FEC; to realize electro-optical conversion to a fixed-frequency color wavelength; to realize DTM-to-OTN mapping and demapping; and to receive direction to realize photoelectric conversion End OTUK:, ODUK overhead, and solve the OPTUK format signal to the DTM crossover network.
  • a wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing module that performs further splitting of the band to a single wavelength or multiplexes the local wavelength into a band.
  • An optical add/drop multiplex (OADM) module including at least one preamplifier, one power amplifier, and a wavelength blocking module WB.
  • the required wavelength is transmitted to the wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing module through WB, and the upstream band of the multiplexing module is multiplexed into the line.
  • This embodiment can also achieve the same effects as the above embodiment.
  • the method embodiment and the device embodiment of the present invention for transmitting a DTM on an OTN have the following effects:

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Description

一种在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法、 装置及应用 i殳备 本申请要求于 2006 年 3 月 3 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200610059336.0、 发明名称为" DTM映射到 OTN的方法和装置"的中国专利 申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及光传送网技术, 具体的讲, 涉及一种在 OTN上传送 DTM 的方法、 装置及应用设备。
背景技术
下一代网络需要高效率的传输和性能监控能力,以及最高的可用性和生 存性。 虽然 SO ET/SDH (同步光网络 /同步数字系统)在基于时分复用 (TDM) 的业务中可以发挥相当大的优势, 在城域网中起到重要作用, 但由于 SONET/SDH存在诸多局限性, 随着互联网和数据业务量持续增长, 使得 SONET/SDH很难满足当前的城域光传送网的要求。 需要一个新的网络方案 来满足网络的可扩展性和易管理性需求。 基于 ITU - T (国际电信联盟电信 标准部) G.709的光传送网( OTN: Optical Transmission Net )应运而生。 G.709 建议的核心内容就是数字包封技术( Digital Wrapper )。 它构建了一种特殊的 帧格式, 将客户信号封装入帧的净荷单元, 在帧头部提供用于运行、 管理、 维护和提供(OAM&P )的开销字节(OH ),并在帧尾提供了前向纠错(FEC : Forward Error Correction )字节。 数字包封技术可以支持客户层信号的光通 道层开销, 充分考虑光信道的再生需求, 支持随路开销的传送以及各种业务 接入的方便,很容易地解决了光传送网中性能监测的难题。 此外, 引入 FEC 技术有效改善客户层信号的误码性能, 进一步减少光网对光电转换的需求, 大大降低了建网成本。
图 1为 OTN的标准帧格式结构图。可以看出, OTN标准帧是 4行 4080 列帧格式。 头部 16列为开销字节,尾部 255列为 FEC校验字节, 中间 3808 列为净荷。 头部开销字节, 第 1行 1 - 7列为帧定位字节 (FAS ), 8 - 14字 节为第 k种光通道传送单元(OTUK '.Optical channel Transport Unit )开销字 节, 这里 k的值不同对应不同速率的传送模式; 第 2 - 4行 1 - 14列为级别 k的光通道数据单元( ODUK: Optical channel Data Unit )开销字节, 第 15、 16列为光通道净荷单元 ( OPUK : Optical channel Payload Unit )开销字节。 FAS的第 7字节为复帧指示(MFAS ), 用于指示以时分复用方式承载多个 用户业务信号时的开销分配。
OTUK开销字节提供了 OTN中重放大、 重组、 重定时(Reamplification, Reshaping, and Retiming, 筒称" 3R" )再生节点之间传输信号状态的监测 功能,包含段监测(Section Monitoring,简称" SM" )开销字节、 GCC0 ( GCC General Communication Channel ) 终端间通信信道开销字节及 RES ( Reserved for future international standardization )保留字节三个部分。
ODUK开销提供级联连接监测、 端到端的通道监测和通过 OPUK提供 客户信号适配。 ODUK提供了丰富的开销字节(第 2 - 4行 1 - 14歹l )以完成 上述功能。包括通 测(Path Monitoring, "PM" )开销、串联连接监测( Tandem Connection Monitoring , 简称" TCM" ) 开销、 通用通信信道 ( General Communication Channel, 简称" GCC" )字节 GCC1和 GCC2开销、 自动保 护切换和保护控制信道 ( Auto-Protection Switching, Protection Control Channel, 简称" APS/PCC" )开销字节、 故障类型和故障定位(Fault Type Fault Location,简称" FTTFL" )信息、供实验使用的开销字节(Experiment,筒称' ΈΧΡ" ) 等。
OPUK是由客户信号映射进的净荷 ( OPU )与其相关开销 (OPU OH)组 调整字节及映射相关开销 ( Mapping Specific Overhead )等组成, 其中 PSI在 MFAS指示下分别对应有 0 ~ 255个可能值, 其中第 0字节为客户信号类型 指示 (PT: Payload Type )、 其余为保留 (RES : Reserved )字节, 留做未 来扩展使用。
目前对于客户信号映射入 OTN有以下三种方式: ( 1 ) 恒定比特率 ( CBR: Constant Bit Rate ) CBR2G5、 CBR10G、 CBR40G信号映射入 OPUK; ( 2 )异步传输方式( ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode )信号映射入 OPUK (通过将 ATM信元复用成与 OPUK净荷容量匹配的固定比特流可以映射到 OPUK 中, 在复用中通过插入空闲信元或丟掉信元来调整速率); (3 )通用 成帧规程 ( GFP:General Framing Procedure ) 帧信号映射入 OPUK ( GFP帧 的映射通过在打包阶段插入空闲帧来达到与 OPUK相匹配的连续比特流)。 还有其它的一些信号可以映射进 OPUK中, 如客户信号, 测试信号, 普通 的客户比特流信号等。
但对于一些比较特殊的业务, 例如动态同步传送模式(DTM: Dynamic Synchronous Transfer Mode )业务, OTN目前还不能解决如何实现对 DTM 业务的映射和透传。
DTM业务是一种 ETSI标准的传送技术, 可以提供高质量的传输; 它 综合了时分复用( TDM )交换技术和包( PACKET )交换技术;克服了 PACKET 网络需要大的緩存以及对实时业务不能保证服务质量(QoS ) 的缺点, 同时 具有 TDM的 QoS能力和 PACKET网络的动态带宽分配的能力; 支持实时 宽带业务、 各种数据业务、 视频业务、 TDM业务的传输; 提供多播能力; 可提供到最大的传输容量, 开销占用少。
DTM从功能和性能上可与 ETN (以太传送网)竟争。 而 DTM除具有 ETN同样的动态带宽能力以外,还具有高盾量地传送 TDM等实时业务的能 力。 DTM将电路交换技术中的简单、 非阻塞、 支持实时通信等属性与包交 换技术中的动态资源处理属性结合起来,通过将同步和异步介质存取方式下 的优点结合起来, 构建一个具有动态资源分配的高容量的传送网络结构。 DTM从本质上讲属于 TDM的电路交换方式, 因此网络能够匹配流量的变 化并能根据需要在两个节点间分配带宽。
DTM采用与 SDH/SONET (同步数字系列 /同步光网络)相似的帧结构, 并将资源的动态再分配扩展到 DTM上。 与 SDH/SONET相比, DTM能根 据需要来建立多种速率的通道或电路,而且通道容量能够根据运行期间的流 量特性而改变。 由于在环形或总线结构上的各节点间的资源分配是可变的, 不用的资源就会分配给有更高需求的节点,提供一种自治而高效的动态基础 设施。 同样, DTM—个重要的特征就是能像 ATM—样提供多通道接口。
DTM是基于时分多路技术, 因此, 任意一条光纤信道的传输容量都被 分成很小的时间单元。信道总容量被分为 125微秒固定大小的帧, 而每个帧 又更进一步被分为 64bits的时隙。每个帧时隙的数量依赖于比特速率(比特 流)。 例如, 2Gbps 的比特流, 每个帧中时隙的数量总计大约有 3900 ( 2xl09xl25xl0-6/64 )个。 选择采用 125微秒帧长、 64bits时隙就能够对数 字音频和准同步数字系列的传输进行筒单调节。
每个帧中的时间隙又分为数据隙和控制隙 。 在任意时间点上, 一个时 间隙要么是数据隙要么是控制隙。 如果需要, 数据隙可以转化为控制隙。 写 数据隙和控制隙的权限是分布在信道上的各个节点上。
DTM帧结构不同于传统的 TDM系统中的帧结构, 请参阅图 2所示, 其 为 DTM帧结构示意图。 DTM桢开始有一个帧标识符(SOF ), 之后是数据 时隙, 帧结束后是间隙位置, 间隙是由一些填充图案组成, 保证接收端能顺 利实现时钟恢复; 帧的长度是 125微秒, 重复频率是 8KHz; ndata表示时隙 数目, felc)W和 fehigh分别表示帧误差的上、 下限。
目前 DTM在 ETSI已完成了很大部分标准的发布, 包括: 物理层协议; DTM帧映射到 SDH (同步数字体系) VC (虚容器, Virtual Container ); SDH映 射到 DTM; MPLS映射到 DTM等标准, 但没有发布有关 DTM如何与 OTN之 间映射的内容。 在现有技术中, 如果要实现 DTM到 OTN映射, 需要 DTM先 映射( OVER )到 SDH VC再映射到 OTN。
DTM 映射到 SDH 是 ETSI 已制定好的标准之一, 图 3 为现有 VC4/VC4-XC中 DTM分配示意图, 从图中可以看出, 第一部分为开销区, 第二部分是固定塞入区, 第三部分是 DTM时隙区。 对于一个 VC4,有 32x9 = 288个 DTM时隙。
图 4为现有 DTM时隙映射到 SDH VC4的示意图。 如图 4所示, DTM 在 VC4中一个时隙为 65比特,其中 S比特为特殊标志比特, 为 0表示传送 的是数据, 为 1 表示传送的是其他状态信息, 例如告警指示(AIS ), 闲置 ( IDLE ),性能监视信息等。 由于时隙是 65比特组成, 因而每 8个时隙后 S 比特才与字节的开始位置对准。 DTM时隙的同步问题, 以 VC中每行的第 一个数据字节为同步起点。
现有 DTM 映射到 SDH再映射到 OTN的方法为:
1 )划分 VC-4时隙, 以 65BIT为一个数据时隙, 其中 64BIT为数据比 特, 1比特为控制比特; 每行共 32个时隙;
2 )接收支路 DTM数据流, 去除 8B/10B线路编码, 恢复 DTM帧; 3 )将恢复出的 DTM数据时隙分别映射到这些 VC4所划分的 DTM时 隙中, 数据时隙的 64比特映射到 DTM时隙中对应的 64BIT数据位置, 同 时设置各 S比特并写入相应 S比特位置;
4 ) VC-4中净荷区第一列为固定塞入字节;
5 ) 时隙边界的区分以每行的第一个 it据字节来实现同步, 找到第一个 数据时隙的起始点, 顺序每 65BIT为一个 DTM时隙位置;
6)形成完整的 STM-N ( Synchronous Transport Module - N )信号, 再映 射到 OTN。
图 5为现有技术中 DTM通过 SDH层映射到 OTN的 TMUX(复用转换 器)装置的结构图。客户信号例如 GE(千兆以太网)/FE(快速以太网 VESCON (企业系统连接)、 TDM等信号通过适配协议适配到 SDH (同步数字体系) 的 VC; SDH VC再复用到 STM-N格式, STM-N再映射 OTN中的 ODU 、 OTUK到 OTN上传送。
现有技术 DTM映射到 SDH再映射到 OTN的主要缺点在于:
1)带宽利用率不高; 如果 DTM要上 OTN传送, 需要通过 DTM 映射到
SDH再映射到 OTN才能实现, 因而各层次所占的开销较大;
2 )多了一个 SDH层次, 而且 SDH本身处理较为复杂, 因而整体设计实 现就更难, 硬件成本高;
3 ) 不能发挥 DTM能将光纤带宽利用到最大的优势。
由此可以看出, 现有通过 DTM映射到 SDH再映射到 OTN的技术, 具有 成本较大、 带宽利用率较低等缺陷, 因此本领域人士迫切希望找到一种成本 更低、 带宽利用率更宽的 DTM映射到 OTN的技术。 但是, 由于 DTM帧结构 是 125微秒为周期的帧结构, 时隙数量是与线路速率相关的; 而 OTN的帧结 构, 例如 ODUK (包括 ODU OH和 OPUK )是 3824x4的模块化的帧结构, 是 与线路速率没有关系的模块化帧结构, 而不同级别的 ODU 的周期是不同 的, 例如 ODU1的帧周期比 ODU2的帧周期长 4倍多, 但结构仍然是 3824x4 字节; 因而不能直接将 DTM的时隙映射到 ODUK的时隙或字节中, DTM映 射到 SDH的技术不能借用在 OTN上。
发明内容 本发明的目的在于提出一种在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法、 映射装置以 及应用设备, 在满足从 DTM映射到 OTN的同时能够节约成本。
本发明实施例提供了一种在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法,所述方法包括: 将适配到指定动态同步传送模式 DTM时隙速率的客户信号映射到中间数据 帧中对应的时隙位置, 生成中间数据帧格式的信号, 所述中间数据帧具有与 DTM帧相同的重复周期, 以及具有与光传送网 OTN帧中净荷区相同的速 率; 将上述中间数据帧格式的信号映射到 OTN帧。
本发明实施例还提供了一种实现在 OTN上传送 DTM的装置, 包括适 配模块, 用于将客户信号适配到指定的 DTM时隙速率; 中间数据帧模块, 用于将适配模块适配后的客户信号映射到中间数据帧中对应的时隙位置以 生成中间数据帧格式的信号, 所述中间数据帧具有与 DTM帧相同的重复周 期, 以及具有与光传送网 OTN帧中净荷区相同的速率; 以及光传送网 OTN 线路处理模块, 用于将所述中间数据帧格式的信号映射至 OTN帧。
本发明实施例还提供了一种光交叉连接设备, 包括合波器和分波器, 以 及与所述合波器、 分波器耦合的上述实现在 OTN上传送 DTM的装置, 所 述装置的输出信号为所述合波器的输入信号,所述分波器的输出信号为所述 映射装置的输入信号。
本发明实施例还提供了一种光分插复用器, 包括相互耦合的波长复用 / 解复用模块以及光波分插复用模块, 以及与所述波长复用 /解复用模块耦合 的上述实现在 OTN上传送 DTM的装置, 所述装置的输出信号为所述波长 复用 /解复用模块的输入信号, 所述波长复用 /解复用模块的反向输出信号为 所述装置的反向输入信号。
通过以上技术方案可以看出, 本发明实施例中通过具有与 DTM帧相同 重复周期, 以及具有与光传送网 OTN帧中净荷区相同速率的中间数据帧作 为映射媒介, 将 DTM最终映射到 OTN。 由于中间数据帧较现有的 SDH VC 帧无论在结构上还是物理实现上都更为简单, 因此节约了成本。
附图说明
图 1为现有 OTN帧结构示意图;
图 2为现有 DTM的帧结构示意图; 图 3为现有 VC4/VC4-XC中 DTM分配示意图;
图 4为现有的 DTM时隙映射到 SDH VC4的示意图;
图 5为现有 TMU 装置的结构示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例中 OPTUK—行的帧结构示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例中 OPTU1的模块化帧结构示意图;
图 8为本发明一实施例的实现 DTM映射到 OTN的 TMUX的结构示意 图 9为本发明另一实施例的实现 DTM映射到 OTN的 OXC设备的结构 示意图;
图 10为本发明另一实施例的实现 DTM映射到 OTN的 OA M设备的 结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行祥细说明。
由于 ODUK帧结构和 DTM帧结构是两种不同的帧结构, 因此现有技 术不能直接将 DTM的时隙映射到 ODUK的时隙或字节中。
本发明通过一个具有 DTM格式的、 不同于 OTN的模块化帧结构的中 间数据帧结构(或称中间子层)来解决以上所述两种帧格式不能直接匹配的 问题, 从而以 ODUK作为 DTM的线路速率, 实现 DTM到 OTN的直接映 射。
实施例 1 本发明实施例所述的中间数据帧结构为 K阶光净荷支路单元(OPTUK: Optical channel Payload Tributary Unit-K )帧结枸。 所述 OPTUK帧结构需要 的重复周期为 125微秒(同 DTM帧结构的重复周期), 也就是重复频率为 同的 K值对应不同的标称速率, 如 OPTU1的标称速率为 STM-16的速率、 OPTU2的标称速率为 STM-64的速率、OPTU3的标称速率为 STM-256的速 率。
图 6为本实施例中 OPTUK—行的帧结构图; 图 7为本发明的 OPTU1 模块化帧结构示意图,该图中的模块化帧结构包括 9行图 6所示的帧。如图 所示, 所述的 OPTUk数据帧结构包括帧定位标识和净荷区, 时隙的划分是 以 64比特为单位(即 DTM的时隙大小)进行划分。以 OPTU1为例, OPTU1 数据帧为 9 行 270x16 列, 其大小为 16x270x9 字节, 其速率为 16*270 <9x8x81d3IT/s=2488.32MBIT/S , OPTU1 中 DTM 的时隙总数为 ( 16x270x9x8 ) /64=4860个, 对应每一行中的时隙数为 4860/9 = 540个。
在所述 4860个时隙中, 指定 N个时隙为开销时隙, N个时隙中的一个 时隙为帧同步作用, N-1个时隙的比特作为控制比特, 其总比特数量大于或 等于 4860-N个时隙的数量。 这些控制比特用来指示每个时隙的状态, 例如 是数据时隙还是控制时隙, 控制时隙包括空闲时隙、 性能监视时隙、 AIS时 隙等。 与 DTM映射 VC的不同之处在于, VC中的 DTM时隙是 65比特, 其中 S比特为控制比特; 而本方案中的控制比特是集中在 N-1个开销时隙 中, 数据时隙是 64比特, 这样做的好处是不需要在字节同步时再去搜索时 隙位置。
在本实施例中, 在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法包括如下步骤:
a. 构建一个中间适配实体 OPTUK (光净荷支路单元), 所述适配实 体共 9行 270列, 为 Xx270x9字节大小 (其中 X表示 OPTUK的 标称速率); 实体的周期为 1254鼓秒; 重复频率为 8kbit/S; K=l时, OPTU1的速率为 STM-16的标称速率;实体体积为 16x270x9字节; 同样, OPTU2的速率为 STM-64标称速率, 实体体积为 64x270x9 字节。
b. 对所述 OPTUK划分时隙 ,以 64bit为单位划分时隙;例如对 OPTU1 划分共 4860个时隙; 每个时隙的速率为 512KBIT/S;
c. 将接收到的数据帧映射到相应数据时隙中;这些数据帧可以是以太 网帧、 MPLS帧, 或 TDM帧。 因为根据客户信号的原始速率来分 配 DTM时隙的多少, 因此所分配的动态同步传送模式 DTM时隙 数目的总速率大于相应的客户信号速率。
d. 设置开销时隙, 包括帧同步时隙和控制时隙; 其中, 帧同步时隙可 以是固定格式的帧定位字节, 例如, 同 F6、 28等字节; 也可以是 指示字节加校 ¾r字节, 例如, 釆用 GFP的相同的同步方式; e. 将 OPTUK帧透明映射到同级别的 ODUK; 例如 OPTU1 映射到 ODU1 , 或 OPTU2映射到 ODU2等; 再将 ODUK适配到 OTUK, 在线路上传输。线路可以是单波长的线路,也可以是多波长的线路。 根据上述实施例的具体过程可以概括为: 首先, 将适配到指定 DTM时 隙速率的客户信号映射到 OPTUK帧(一种中间数据帧)中对应的时隙位置, OPTUK帧具有与 DTM帧相同的重复周期,以及具有与光传送网 OTN帧中 净荷区相同的速率; 其次, 将上述 OPTUK帧格式的信号映射到 OTN帧, 具体而言, 将 OPTUK帧格式的信号映射到光通道数据单元 ODUK, 生成 ODUK信号, 再将所述 ODUK信号封装成 OTUK格式的信号, 从而完成 DTM到 OTN的映射。
需要说明, OFTUK帧中时隙的划分,既可以完全和 DTM帧中 DTM时 隙的划分单位相同 (如 64比特), 当然也可以略大于 DTM帧中的时隙划分 单位, 例如 , 在。 OPTUK帧中以 65比特为单位进行时隙的划分。
与传统的通过 SDH层次映射到 OTN的方法相比, 本发明以具有 DTM 格式的 OPTUK层来取代 SDH层, 不仅节约了成本, 提高了宽带利用率, 同 时不需要 SDH层较复杂的处理过程 (在现有技术中 VC的速率是固定的几种 速率, VC12传 2M, VC4传送 140M等, 因而 DTM即使 OVER到 VC, 也 受到 VC特定速率的限制, 当传送的客户速率大于一个 VC时, 处理起来比 较复杂); 在本发明实施例中, 由于 OPTUK帧的速率较大(如几 G ), 而且 颗粒又小 (一个 DTM时隙的大小, 约为 512Kbps ), 因此本发明实施例可 以适应更广泛的客户速率的信号传送, 例如 200M、 1.5G/2G等(因为 DTM 时隙是直接在接近 STM-N的速率上划分的)。
通过以上方法, 解决了 DTM不能直接在通常的 OTN中的 OPUK中使 用的技术问题, 通过这样一个中间子层, 既可以可以友好地适应各种业务, 同时也方便与 OPUK适配, 既扩展了 OTN的应用范围, 也使 OTN的带宽 利用和客户接入方面具有更好的灵活性。
上述本发明方法实施例可以通过不同的装置来实现, 下面举例说明实现 本发明 DTM映射 OTN的装置。
实施例 2 图 8为本实施例的实现 DTM映射到 OTN的复用转换器(TMUX ) 的 结构示意图。 这是一个可以实现全业务透明的 DTM TMUX结构, 无论是数 据业务、 视频业务还是传统的 TDM业务, 都可以实现透明传送。 对数据业 务,既可以实现 MAC透明、也可以实现比特透明。如图 8所示,所述 TMUX 包括: 适配模块、 OPTUK模块和 OTN线路处理模块。 其中,
所述适配模块,用于在发送方向完成对客户信号的物理层处理,将客户 信号适配到指定容量的 DTM时隙速率。 各种数据业务, 经过物理层处理后, 再经过 GFP或其他适配协议适配后, 其速率等于指定数量的 DTM时隙速率, 例如 GE业务经过 GFP适配后为 1G左右的速率, 指定 2000个左右的 DTM时隙 的容量就可以满足 GE的 MAC透明传送; 或各 TDM业务经过速率调整后, 其速率等于指定数量的 DTM时隙,例如 STM-1信号可以指定 305个 DTM时隙 来传递; TDM速率调整可以采用 DTM—个时隙来管理, 这个时隙就是调整 控制时隙, 包括正调整控制、 负调整控制、 和负调整机会; 当然, 特殊情况 下, 数据业务如果也需要比特透明, 其处理方式和 TDM业务一样。 适配模 块的接收方向, 完成与发送方向相反的功能,把具有适配协议封装的格式信 号恢复到客户信号原始格式。
所述 OPTUK模块, 用于将所有适配模块的适配后信号映射到指定的 OPTUK中的 DTM时隙位置, DTM时隙的复用是通过将这些适配后的信号映 射到指定时隙完成的。 例如, GE 经 GFP适配后占据 2000个 DTM时隙, ESCON信号经 GFP适配后占据 400个 DTM时隙,以及其他所有的客户信号经 适配后占据剩下的 DTM时隙, 这些 DTM时隙占满了 OPTUK的整个空间, 从 而完成了对各客户信号的 DTM复用功能; 复用完成后, 将 OPTUK的格式信 号送给 ODUK终端模块。
OPTUK模块接收方向完成相反的功能, 及从 OPTUK格式信号中解出各 时隙的数据流, 送给适配模块进一步解出原始信号。
所述 OTN线路处理模块具有 OTN线路中的 OPUK:、 ODUK, OTUK成帧 功能; 本实施例中, 该 OTN线路处理模块包括 ODUK模块和 OTUK模块。
其中, 所述 ODUK模块用于在发送方向完成将 OPTUK信号映到 OPUK 净荷区,同时产生 ODUK开销,然后送给 OTUK模块;在接收方向,终结 ODUK 开销, 从 OPUK净荷区解出 OPTUK格式信号, 送给 OPTU 模块。 所述 OTUK模块在发送方向完成将 ODUK信号进一步封装成 OTUK格式 信号, 包括产生 OTUK开销, 产生 FEC信号, 送给线路经电光转换后传输; 接收方向完成 OTUK开销的终结, 及 FEC的终结;
图 8所示的装置与现有技术(图 5 ) 的主要区别在于, OPTUK模块代 替了复杂的 SDH VC层功能, 使带宽直接在接近线路速率的格式上进行分 配,完成 DTM复用,从而可以适应更广范的不规则客户速率的传送和复用; 同时, 由于没有 SDH层复杂的指针处理和固定速率级别的限制, 电路实现 相对简单, 电路处理代价低; 通过如上装置, 解决了 DTM不能直接在通常 的 OTN中的 OPUK中使用的技术问题, 通过这样一个中间子层, 既可以可 以友好地适应各种业务, 同时也方便与 OPUK适配, 既扩展了 OTN的应用 范围, 也使 OTN的带宽利用和客户接入方面具有更好的灵活性。
实施例 3
图 9为本发明的内置 DTM调度的 OXC (光交叉连接)设备。 如图 9 所示, 所述 OXC设备包括:
1 )适配模块, 在发送方向, 将各客户信号通过适配协议适配到指定的 DTM时隙组的速率级别, 例如, GE信号通过 GFP协议适配到 2000个 DTM 时隙所表示的速率, 140M TDM信号通过比特或字节塞入的方式适配到 300 个 DTM时隙所表示的速率; 在接收方向, 完成解适配过程, 从具有适配协 议格式的数据流中解出原始客户信号格式。
2 ) OPTUK模块, 在发送方向完成将所有适配模块的适配后信号映射到 指定的 OPTUK中的 DTM时隙位置, DTM时隙的复用是通过将这些适配后的 信号映射到指定时隙完成的。例如, GE经 GFP适配后占据 2000个 DTM时隙, ESCON信号经 GFP适配后占据 400个 DTM时隙, 以及其他所有的客户信号经 适配后占据剩下的 DTM时隙, 这些 DTM时隙占满了 OPTUK的整个空间, 从 而完成了对各客户信号的 DTM复用功能; 复用完成后, 将 OPTUK的格式信 号送给 DTM交叉模块。
OPTU 模块在接收方向完成相反的功能, 从 OPTUK格式信号中解出各 时隙的具有适配格式的数据流, 送给适配模块进一步解出原始信号。 3 ) DTM交叉模块, 实现以 512K为颗粒的交叉; 这些 OPTUK信号输入 到 DTM交叉模块, 分别来自线路的 OPTUK,来自支路 (本地映射方向) 的 OPTUK, 各 OPTUK信号处于同步状态, 通过简单的帧调整电路来调整各 OPTUK之间的相位差, 实现同步交叉。
4 ) OTN线路处理模块, 包括 OTN线路中的 OPUK、 ODUE:、 OTUK成帧 功能; 发送方向, 从 DTM交叉来的 OPTUK信号映射到同速率级别的 OPU 信号, 生成用于实现端到端管理的 ODUK开销, 低阶的 ODUK信号复用到高 阶的 ODUK信号, 生成高阶的 OTUK开销, 包括 FEC; 实现电光转换到固定 频率的彩色波长; 实现 DTM到 OTN的映射和解映射; 接收方向, 实现光电 转换、 终结 OTUK、 ODUK开销, 解出 OPTUK格式信号送给 DTM交叉网络;
5 ) 两对以上的合波器和分波器
合波器: 完成对光线路模块送来的各不同的彩色波长进行 WDM复用; 根据需要, 复用后的合波信号可以经过一个线路放大器进行功率放大;
分波器: 完成对线路上接收到的合波信号进行波长解复用,输出单个的 波长给光线路单元进行处理。
由于此部分的结果与功能是现有技术, 因此在此不作详细描述。
本实施例可以实现与上述实施例同样的效果, 同时由于采用 DTM 的 512k颗粒来细化 OTN的通道, 使得线路带宽利用率得到了极大的提高。
实施例 4
图 10为本发明的内置 DTM调度功能的 OADM (光分插复用器)结构, 如图 10所示, 所述 OADM结构包括:
1 ) 适配模块, 在发送方向将各客户信号通过适配协议适配到指定的 DTM时隙组的速率级别, 例如, GE信号通过 GFP协议适配到 2000个 DTM 时隙所表示的速率, 140M TDM信号通过比特或字节塞入的方式适配到 300 个 DTM时隙所表示的速率; 接收方向, 完成解适配过程, 从具有适配协议 格式的数据流中解出原始客户信号格式。
2 ) OPTU 模块: OPTUK模块发送方向完成将所有适配模块的适配后 信号映射到指定的 OPTUK中的 DTM时隙位置 , DTM时隙的复用是通过将这 些适配后的信号映射到指定时隙完成的。 例如, GE 经 GFP适配后占据 2000 个 DTM时隙, ESCON信号经 GFP适配后占据 400个 DTM时隙, 以及其他所有 的客户信号经适配后占据剩下的 DTM时隙,这些 DTM时隙占满了 OPTUK的 整个空间, 从而完成了对各客户信号的 DTM复用功能; 复用完成后, 将 OPTU 的格式信号送给 DTM交叉模块。
ορτυκ模块接收方向完成相反的功能, 从 ορτυκ格式信号中解出各时 隙的具有适配格式的数据流, 送给适配模块进一步解出原始信号。
3 ) DTM交叉模块, 实现以 512K为颗粒的交叉; 这些 OPTUK信号输入 到 DTM交叉模块, 分别来自线路的 OPTUK,来自支路(本地映射方向) 的 OPTUK, 各 OPTUK信号处于同步状态, 通过筒单的帧调整电路来调整各 OPTUK之间的相位差, 实现同步交叉。
4 ) OTN处理模块, 包括 OTN线路中的 OPUK、 ODUK、 OTUK成帧功能; 发送方向, 从 DTM交叉来的 OPTUK信号映射到同速率级别的 OPUK信号, 生成用于实现端到端管理的 ODUK开销 , 低阶的 ODU 信号复用到高阶的 ODUK信号, 生成高阶的 OTU 开销, 包括 FEC; 实现电光转换到固定频率 的彩色波长; 实现 DTM到 OTN的映射和解映射;接收方向, 实现光电转换、 终结 OTUK:、 ODUK开销, 解出 OPTUK格式信号送给 DTM交叉网络。
5 )波长复用 /解复用模块, 完成对波带的进一步分波到单个波长, 或将 本地波长复用到一个波带中。
6 )光波分插复用(OADM)模块, 包括至少一个预放、 一个功放、 波长 阻塞模块 WB。通过 WB把需要下的波长发射到波长复用和解复用模块, 同 时将复用模块上行波带复用到线路中。
本实施例同样可以实现与上述实施例同样的效果。
综上所述, 本发明在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法实施例和装置实施例具 有如下效果:
1)解决了 DTM不能直接 OVER到 OTN的映射问题。 由于采用 DTM的 512k颗粒来细化 OTN的通道,使得线路带宽利用率得到了极大的提高;可利 用此技术来改造现有的 TMUX, 应用在 DWDM产品和 OTN产品, 实现对任 何业务、 任何子速率透明的传送; 比 DTM到 VC到 STM-N到 OTN的方式要明 显节省带宽, 而且不需要增加 SDH层复杂的开销处理和指针处理,使处理方 式成本较低;
2)可适应各种业务的适配, 具有很强的业务适应能力; 无论是现在的 各种数据业务、 视频业务、 TDM业务, 都能实现高 QOS的实时传送; 增加 了 OTN对业务和子速率的适应范围。 可实现对任意速率的无级适配。
3) 内置在 OXC或 OADM中, 代替传统的 TDM交换平面, 也可仿真 数据平面的功能,从真正意义上实现了统一的调度平面能力, 降低了设备实 现的成本和管理的困难。
上述各实施例是用于说明和解释本发明的原理的。可以理解,本发明的 具体实施方式不限于此。对于本领域技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的实质 和范围的前提下进行的各种变更和修改均涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括: 将适配到指定动态同步传送模式 DTM时隙速率的客户信号映射到中间 数据帧中对应的时隙位置,生成中间数据帧格式的信号, 所述中间数据帧具 有与 DTM帧相同的重复周期, 以及具有与光传送网 OTN帧中净荷区相同 的速率;
将上述中间数据帧格式的信号映射到 OTN帧。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于, 所述将中间数据帧格式的信号映射到 OTN帧的具体过程包括:
将中间数据帧格式的信号映射到光通道数据单元 ODUK, 生成 ODUK 信号;
将上述 ODUK信号封装成光通道传送单元 OTUK格式的信号。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于, 所述中间数据帧结构中时隙的划分单位等于或大于 DTM帧结构中 DTM时 隙的划分单位。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于, 所述中间数据帧结构中时隙的划分单位为 64比特。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于, 所述中间数据帧结构包括开销时隙部分和数据时隙部分,其中,所述开 销时隙部分包括帧同步时隙和控制时隙。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于所 述客户信号的原始速率包括: 快速以太网 FE、 千兆以太网 GE、 企业系统连 接 ESCON、 同步数字体系 SDH或准同步数字体系 PDH。
7.才 据权利要求 1至 6中任意一项所述的在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于: 所述中间数据帧为 K阶光净荷支路单元 OPTUK帧,所述不同
K值对应于不同的速率等级; 所述 OTN帧具体为与 OPTUK具有同级别速 率的 OTN帧。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的在 OTN上传送 DTM的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 OPTUK帧的大小为 X*270*9字节, 其中 X表示 OPTUK的速率等级, 当 K=l时, Χ=16;当 Κ=2时, Χ=64;当 Κ=3时, Χ=256。
9. 一种实现在 OTN上传送 DTM的装置, 其特征在于包括:
适配模块, 用于将客户信号适配到指定的 DTM时隙速率;
中间数据帧模块,用于将适配模块适配后的客户信号映射到中间数据帧 中对应的时隙位置以生成中间数据帧格式的信号, 所述中间数据帧具有与 DTM帧相同的重复周期, 以及具有与光传送网 OTN帧中净荷区相同的速 率;
光传送网 OTN线路处理模块, 用于将所述中间数据帧格式的信号映射 至 OTN帧。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于:
所述中间数据帧结构中时隙的划分单位等于或大于 DTM 帧结构中 DTM时隙的划分单位。
11. 根据权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述中间数据帧包括开销时隙部分和数据时隙部分,其中,所述开销时 隙部分包括帧同步时隙和控制时隙。
12. 根据权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于: 所述 OTN线路处理模 块具体包括:
光通道数据单元 ODUK子模块, 用于将中间数据帧格式的信号映射到 光通道净荷单元 OPUK以生成 ODUK信号; 以及
光通道传送单元 OTU 子模块, 用于将上述 ODU 信号封装成 OTUK 格式信号。
13. 根据权利要求 9至 12中任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于: 所述 中间数据帧为 K阶光净荷支路单元 OPTU 帧, 所述不同 K值对应于不同
14. 根据权利要求 9至 12中任意一项所述的装置,其特征在于还包括: 耦合于中间数据帧模块和 OTN线路处理模块之间的 DTM交叉模块, 用于 对中间数据帧格式信号进行同步交叉。
15. 一种光交叉连接设备, 包括合波器和分波器, 其特征在于, 还包括 与所述合波器、 分波器耦合的如权利要求 9至 12中任意一项所述的实现在 OTN上传送 DTM的装置, 所述装置的输出信号为所述合波器的输入信号, 所述分波器的输出信号为所述映射装置的输入信号。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的光交叉连接设备, 其特征在于, 所述映射 装置还包括耦合于中间数据帧模块和 OTN线路处理模块之间的 DTM交叉 模块, 用于对中间数据帧格式信号进行同步交叉。
17. —种光分插复用器, 包括相互耦合的波长复用 /解复用模块以及光 波分插复用模块, 其特征在于, 还包括与所述波长复用 /解复用模块輛合的 如权利要求 9至 12中任意一项所述的实现在 OTN上传送 DTM的装置, 所 述装置的输出信号为所述波长复用 /解复用模块的输入信号, 所述波长复用 / 解复用模块的反向输出信号为所述装置的反向输入信号。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的光分插复用器, 其特征在于, 所述映射装 置还包括耦合于中间数据帧模块和 OTN线路处理模块之间的 DTM交叉模 块, 用于对中间数据帧格式信号进行同步交叉。
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