Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B16/08—Macromolecular compounds porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads or microballoons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B16/08—Macromolecular compounds porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads or microballoons
  • C04B16/085—Macromolecular compounds porous, e.g. expanded polystyrene beads or microballoons expanded in situ, i.e. during or after mixing the mortar, concrete or artificial stone ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
  • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
  • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B24/2664—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid polymers, e.g. maleic anhydride copolymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
  • C04B2103/0049—Water-swellable polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
  • C04B2103/0058—Core-shell polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
  • C04B2111/29—Frost-thaw resistance

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of polymeric microparticles in hydraulically setting building material mixtures to improve their Frostg. Freeze-thaw resistance.
• the structure of a cement-bound concrete is traversed by capillary pores (radius: 2 ⁇ m - 2 mm) or gel pores (radius: 2 - 50 nm). Pore water contained therein differs in its state form depending on the pore diameter.
• a prerequisite for an improved resistance of the concrete during frost and thaw changes is that the distance of each point in the cement stone from the next artificial air pore does not exceed a certain value. This distance is also referred to as the "distance factor” or “powers spacing factor” [TCPowers, The air requirement of frost-resistant concrete, "Proceedings of the Highway Research Board” 29 (1949) 184-202]. Laboratory tests have shown that exceeding the critical "Power spacing factor" of 500 ⁇ m leads to damage to the concrete during frost and thaw cycles. Therefore, in order to achieve this with limited air pore content, the diameter of the artificially introduced air pores must be less than 200-300 ⁇ m [K.Snyder, K. Natesaiyer & K.Hover, The Static and Statistical Properties of Entrained Air voids in concrete: A mathematical basis for air void Systems characterization) "Materials Science of Concrete” VI (2001) 129-214].
• an artificial air pore system depends largely on the composition and grain size of the aggregates, the type and amount of cement, the concrete consistency, the mixer used, the mixing time, the temperature, but also on the type and amount of the air entraining agent. Under consideration of the appropriate manufacturing rules, their effects can indeed be mastered, however, there may be a large number of undesired impairments, which ultimately leads to the desired air content in the concrete can be exceeded or fallen below and thus adversely affected the strength or frost resistance of the concrete ,
• Such artificial air pores can not be metered directly, but by the addition of so-called air-entraining agents, the air introduced by mixing is stabilized [L. Du & K.J. Folliard, Mechanism of air entrainment in concrete "Cement & Concrete Research” 35 (2005) 1463-71].
• Conventional air entraining agents are mostly of a surfactant-like structure and break the air introduced by the mixing into small air bubbles with a diameter as small as possible of 300 ⁇ m and stabilize them in the moist concrete structure. One distinguishes between two types.
• These hydrophobic salts reduce the surface tension of the water and accumulate at the interface between cement grain, air and water. They stabilize the microbubbles and are therefore found in the hardening concrete on the surfaces of these air pores again.
• the other type e.g. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) or Natriumdodecylphenylsulfonat - on the other hand forms with calcium hydroxide soluble calcium salts, but show an abnormal solution behavior. Below a certain critical temperature these surfactants show a very low solubility, above this temperature they are very soluble. By preferentially accumulating at the air-water interface, they also reduce the surface tension, thus stabilizing the microbubbles, and are preferably found on the surfaces of these air voids in the hardened concrete.
• SDS Sodium lauryl sulfate
• Natriumdodecylphenylsulfonat forms with calcium hydroxide soluble calcium salts, but show an abnormal solution behavior. Below a certain critical temperature these surfactants show a very low solubility, above this temperature they are very soluble.
• microparticles described therein are characterized in particular by the fact that they have a cavity which is smaller than 200 microns (diameter) and this hollow core consists of air (or a gaseous substance). This also includes porous microparticles of the 100 ⁇ m scale, which can have a multiple of smaller cavities and / or pores.
• the present invention was therefore based on the object to provide a means for improving the frost or freeze-thaw resistance for hydraulically setting building material mixtures, which unfolds its full effectiveness even at relatively low dosages.
• the object has been achieved by the use of polymeric microparticles having a cavity in hydraulically setting building material mixtures, characterized in that the shell of the microparticles is composed of more than 99% by weight of monomers with a water solubility of less than 10 -1 mol / l.
• the shell consists of more than 99% by weight of monomers having a water solubility of less than 10 -1 mol / l.
• the shell preferably consists of more than 99.5% by weight of such monomers.
• the shell consists exclusively of such monomers.
• the effect of the non-polar shell according to the invention is apparently related to the nonpolar surface, it is sufficient if more than 99 wt% of monomers with a water solubility of less than 10 -1 mol / l are sufficient for a multi-shell structure of the microparticle to pass. Also in this case, a monomer composition of 99.5% of these monomers is preferable, and the exclusive use of these monomers in the outermost shell is particularly preferable.
• the shell optionally the outer shell, consists of styrene.
• the shell optionally the outer shell, consists of styrene and / or n-hexyl (meth) acrylate and / or n-butyl (meth) acrylate and / or i-butyl (meth) acrylate and / or propyl (meth) acrylate and / or ethyl methacrylate and / or ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate.
• the notation (meth) acrylate here means both methacrylate, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, etc., as well as acrylate, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, etc., as well as mixtures of both.
• microparticles according to the invention can preferably be prepared by emulsion polymerization and preferably have an average particle size of 100 to 5000 nm; particularly preferred is an average particle size of 200 to 2000 nm. Most preferred are average particle sizes of 250 to 1000 nm.
• the mean particle size is determined, for example, by counting a statistically significant amount of particles on the basis of transmission electron micrographs.
• the microparticles When prepared by emulsion polymerization, the microparticles are obtained in the form of an aqueous dispersion. Accordingly, the addition of the microparticles to the building material mixture preferably also takes place in this form.
• the cavities of the microparticles are water-filled. Their effect to increase the frost and freeze-thaw resistance in the building material mixture unfold the particles by the water during and after hardening of the building material mixture - at least partially - lose, after which there are correspondingly gas or air-filled hollow spheres.
• the microparticles used consist of polymer particles which have a core (A) and at least one Shell (B), wherein the core / shell polymer particles were swollen with the aid of a base.
• the core (A) of the particle contains one or more ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid (derivative) monomers which allow swelling of the core; these monomers are preferably selected from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and crotonic acid and mixtures thereof. Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly preferred.
• the - possibly outermost - shell B contains the present invention, said monomers.
• microparticles are built up as multi-shelled or as gradient latices, no particular restrictions apply to the monomers used between core and outermost shell.
• the polymer content of the microparticles used can be from 2 to 98% by weight (weight of polymer based on the total weight of the water-filled particle).
• polymer contents of 2 to 60 wt .-% particularly preferred are polymer contents of 2 to 40 wt .-%. It is within the scope of the present invention readily possible to add the water-filled microparticles directly as a solid of the building material mixture.
• the microparticles are - as described above - coagulated and isolated by conventional methods (eg filtration, centrifuging, sedimentation and decanting) from the aqueous dispersion and the particles are then dried
• the water-filled microparticles are added to the building material mixture in a preferred amount of 0.01 to 5% by volume, in particular 0.1 to 0.5% by volume.
• the building material mixture for example.
• the usual hydraulically setting binder such as cement, lime, gypsum or anhydrite.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2006
  • 2006-02-23 DE DE102006008967A patent/DE102006008967A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-03-24 US US11/387,803 patent/US20070193478A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-05-10 CN CNA2006100817484A patent/CN101024560A/zh active Pending
• 2007
  • 2007-01-30 KR KR1020087020694A patent/KR20080110996A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-01-30 EP EP07704247A patent/EP1986972A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-01-30 BR BRPI0708240-1A patent/BRPI0708240A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-01-30 JP JP2008555730A patent/JP2009527445A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-01-30 CA CA002643455A patent/CA2643455A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-01-30 WO PCT/EP2007/050895 patent/WO2007096231A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2007-01-30 RU RU2008137542/03A patent/RU2008137542A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation

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