Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/26—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C271/28—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/50—Compounds containing any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom
  • C07C311/52—Y being a hetero atom
  • C07C311/53—X and Y not being nitrogen atoms, e.g. N-sulfonylcarbamic acid

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical compounds, especially antibiotic compounds.
• R 1 , R2, R3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, substituted loweralkyl or loweralkoxy
• R 4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or loweralkyl
• Re is hydrogen, loweralkyl, - loweralkoxy, aryl, substituted loweralkyl, loweralkoxy or aryl
• Xi is N or O
• X2 is C,N or O, with the proviso that Xi and X2 can not be both N or both O.
• Fig. 1 shows the synthetic route for (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-l -methyl ethyl ester.
• Fig. 2 shows dosis-effect results of various doses of (3,4-dichloro- phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-l-methyl ethyl ester in mice against Staphylococcus aureus.
• alkyl or “lower alkyl” refers to an alkyl radical containing one to six carbon atoms including, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl and neopentyl.
• the alkyl chain can be straight or branched.
• loweralkoxy refers to a loweralkyl group as previously defined attached to a parent molecular moiety by an ether linkage.
• loweralkoxy (methyl) refers to an alkoxy group as described above attached to a parent molecular moiety via a methylene group (-CH 2 -).
• aryl refers to a mono-or bicyclic carbocyclic ring system having one or two aromatic rings including, but not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, indenyl and the like.
• Aryl groups can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently selected from loweralkyl, substituted loweralkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, benzyloxycarbonyl, cyano, hydroxyl, halo, mercapto, nitro, carboxaldehyde, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxamide, and protected hydroxyl.
• substituted aryl groups include tetrafluorophenyl and pentafluorophenyl.
• heteroaryl refers to a mono-or bicyclic fused aromatic radical having from five to ten ring atoms of which one ring atom is selected from S, O and N; zero, one or two ring atoms are additional heteroatoms independently selected from S, O and N; and the remaining ring atoms are carbon, the radical being joined to the rest of the molecule via any of the ring atoms, such as, for example, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, and the like.
• substituted alkyl or alkoxy refers to an alkyl or alkoxy group as defined herein substituted by independent replacement of one, two or three of the hydrogen atoms thereon with Cl, Br, F, I, OH, CN, haloalkyl, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, nitro, carboxaldehyde, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl and carboxamide.
• substituted aryl refers to an aryl group as defined herein substituted by independent replacement of one, two or three of the hydrogen atoms thereon with Cl, Br, F, I, OH, CN, Ci-03-alkyl, Ci-Ce- alkoxy, Ci-C ⁇ -alkoxy substituted with aryl, haloalkyl, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, nitro, carboxaldehyde, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl and carboxamide.
• any one substituent may be an aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl group.
• substituted aryl groups include tetrafluorophenyl and pentafluorophenyl.
• substituted heteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl group as defined herein substituted by independent replacement of one, two or three of the hydrogen atoms thereon with Cl, Br, F, I, OH, CN, Ci- Ce-alkyl, Ci-C ⁇ -alkoxy, Ci-C ⁇ -alkoxy substituted with aryl, haloalkyl, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, mercapto, nitro, carboxaldehyde, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl and carboxamide.
• any one substituent may be an aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl group.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to those carboxylate salts, esters, and prodrugs of the compound of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals with undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention.
• salts are well known in the art and refer to the relatively non-toxic, inorganic and organic acid addition salts of the compounds of the present invention.
• S. M. Berge, et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66: 1-19 (1977) which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the invention, or separately by reacting the free base function with a suitable organic acid.
• Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid
• organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
• salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, palmoate, pectinate, pers
• alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
• Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate. sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulphonate and aryl sulphonate.
• ester refers to esters which hydrolyze in vivo and include those that break down readily in the human body to leave the parent compound or a salt thereof.
• Suitable ester groups include, for example, those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable aliphatic carboxylic acids, particularly alkanoic, alkenoic, cycloalkanoic and alkanedioic acids, in which each alkyl or alkenyl moiety advantageously has not more than 6 carbon atoms.
• esters include formates, acetates, propionates, butyrates, acrylates and ethylsuccinates.
• pharmaceutically acceptable solvate represents an aggregate that comprises one or more molecules of the solute, such as a compound of the invention, with one or more molecules of solvent.
• prodrugs refers to those prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention.
• prodrug refers to compounds that are rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent compound of the above formula, for example by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Svstems, Vol. 14 of the A. C. S. Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the compounds (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2- ethoxycarbonylamino-ethyl ester (CAS Nr. 306316-43-8; BAS 00212008), (3,4- dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-butyl ester (CAS Nr. 331959-00-3; BAS 00674544) and (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2- isobutoxycarbonylamino-1-methyl ethyl ester (CAS Nr. 331959-03-6; BAS 00674552) are commercially available from Asinex (Moscow, Russia), TimTec (Newark, USA) and Interchim (Montlucon, France), respectively.
• the compounds according to formula (I) have antibiotic activity, in particular against Gram positive bacteria. They are especially active against staphylococcal and enterococcal strains, and in particular against S. aureus, including also the strains of S. aureus, that are commonly known as MRSA strains. 51
• compositions for the treatment of bacterial diseases especially those diseases caused by the above mentioned micro-organisms, or in conditions wherein the subject runs the risk of being infected with micro-organisms.
• the compounds of the invention or compositions therewith can, however, also be used in other than pharmaceutical applications, e.g. in cosmetics (e.g. for the treatment of acne), in detergents and/or other cleaning solutions, in anti-fouling paints, in food or feed or in food or feed packaging, and so on.
• a compound according to the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof may be provided to a subject in need thereof for prophylactic or therapeutic reasons.
• a compound according to the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof may be provided to a subject in need thereof in the form of any pharmaceutical preparation, when such administration form is capable of treating and/or preventing infection in a subject. As a consequence of the prevention or treatment of infection, also the clinical effects or sequellae of infection will be prevented.
• the present invention also relates to a method for preventing and/or treating infection in a subject, preferably a human or other mammalian subject, said method comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to formula (I), more preferably a compound as depicted in Table 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and optionally one or more excipients.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to formula (I), more preferably a compound as depicted in Table 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and optionally one or more excipients.
• the present invention also relates to the use of a compound according to formula (I), more preferably a compound as depicted in Table 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for treating infection, preferably bacterial infections, most preferably staphylococcal or enterococcal infection.
• An antibiotic therapy i.e. the method for preventing and/or treating infection in a subject
• an effective dose will be a daily dose between about 0.01 mg and 10 grams of the compound according to formula (I) for an adult human being. More preferably a dose between 0,1 mg and 1 gram is used, even more preferably a dose of 1 mg — 100 mg and most preferably a dose of 4-40 mg of the compound of the invention is administered.
• This daily dose may be given as a one-dose administration, or it may be subdivided in several subdoses, which are administered spread over the day.
• compositions may be packed in e.g. gelatin capsules or may be tableted in the form of tablets.
• active compound may be administered with excipients and e.g. used in the form of powders, sachets, tablets, pills, pastilles or capsules.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g. p re gelatinised maize starch, tragacanth gum, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g. lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol or calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants (e.g.
• Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g. sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g. lecithin or acacia); nonaqueous vehicles (e.g.
• preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavoring, coloring and sweetening agents as appropriate.
• Preparations for oral administration may be suitably formulated to give controlled release of the active compound.
• compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
• the compounds according to the present invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection e.g. by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
• Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form e.g. in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
• the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
• the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile pyrogen- free water, before use.
• the capsule When dosing is in the form of a capsule, the capsule may comprise apart from the elements mentioned above a liquid carrier such as an oil. Dosage form may further be provided with coatings of sugar, shellac or other agents.
• the components of the pharmaceutical composition are preferably chosen such that they do not reduce the desired working of the active compound.
• compositions can further comprise flavoring sweetening, coloring and/or preservative agents.
• a compound according to the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof may also be administered in the form of e.g. an elixir, a suspension, a syrup, a waffle or a chewing gum.
• a compound according to the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof is used in an amount of from 0.01 to 99.9 % by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 10 wt.%, and more preferably from 0.05 to 5 wt.%.
• the present invention further relates to a method for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating infection, comprising processing or incorporating a compound according to the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, as an active substance, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in a pharmaceutical composition.
• the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition may very suitably occur by mixing all separate ingredients such as fillers, binders, lubricants and optionally other excipients together with a compound according to the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and processing the mixture obtained to a pharmaceutical preparation.
• NewCoOOl (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-ethoxycarbonylamino-ethyl ester (CAS-Nr. 306316-43-8)
• NewCo002 (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isopropoxycarbonylamino- butyl ester (CAS-Nr. 331959-00-3)
• NewCo003 (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-l- methyl-ethyl ester (CAS-Nr. 331959-03-6)
• NewCo004 (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-carbamoyloxy-ethyl ester
• NewCoOO ⁇ (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-ethylcarbamoyloxy-ethyl ester
• NewCoOO ⁇ (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2- methanesulfonylcarbamoyloxy-ethyl ester
• NewCo007 (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-acetylamino-ethyl ester
• NewCoOO ⁇ (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-methylcarbamoyloxy-ethyl ester
• NewCo009 (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isopropylcarbamoyloxy-ethyl ester
• NewCoOOlO (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-(sulfonic acid)carbamoyloxy-ethyl ester
• NewCoOOll (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2(2-methoxy-acetylamino)- ethyl ester
• NewCo0012 (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-l- methyl-ethyl ester
• NewCo0013 (3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino- 1-methyl-ethyl ester
• NewCo0014 p-tolyl-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-l-methyl-ethyl ester
• NewCoOOl ⁇ (4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2- isobutoxycarbonylamino- 1-methyl-ethyl ester
• NewCoOOl ⁇ (3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-l- methyl-ethyl ester
• NewCo0017 (3,4-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2- isobutoxycarbonylamino-1 -methyl-ethyl ester
• NewCo0018 (4-methoxy-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2-isobutoxycarbonylamino-l- methyl-ethyl ester
• NewCo0019 (3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-carbamic acid 2- isobutoxycarbonylamino- 1 -methyl-ethyl ester
• Table 2 lists the results of 3 different compounds according to Formula (I) on single strains of S. aureus as MIC values expressed in micrograms per milliliter.
• Table 3 lists the results of experiments on multiple strains of S. aureus. The MIC values are expressed as a range between the lowest value and the highest value found in these experiments. Both the average MIC50 and MIC90 are indicated in bold. Again BAS 00674552 is found to be the most active. TABLE 2
• mice were treated intravenously with 0.5, 5.0 or 50 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The observation period was three days. Outgrowth of the infection was used to establish drug efficacy.
• Test substance name BAS00674552 (in vivo)
• the sponsor provided the appropriate stock solutions as 1 ml aliquots of the test substance in the vehicle (DMSO). These stock solutions were stored at 2-8oC for 16 hours.
• Vancomycin (Vancomycine 500 PCH, vancomycinehydrochloride voor i.v. gebruik, chargenr. 03L19A, expiry date:
• mice were handled under laminar flow
• Ventilation ca 10 air changes/hour
• test substances were administered as a solution in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
• DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
• the test substance was administered as 20 ⁇ l injections per mouse at all dose levels. Vancomycin was used as positive control and injected intravenously as a 10 mg/ml solution in DMSO (20 ⁇ l per mouse). 1
• Fresh dilutions of the test substance in vehicle were provided by the sponsor, stored at 2-8 o C, and used within 18 hours after preparation. Shortly before injection the test substance were warmed to room temperature.
• mice were injected with 11E05 MRSA bacteria, strain 2141 in the right thigh muscle, followed one day later by an i.v. injection of the test compound, vancomycin or vehicle in the tail vein. 24 hours later mice were sacrificed, blood was collected by heart puncture and the right thigh muscle was removed. Plasma was prepared from blood samples and stored at -80° ⁇ 10° C for possible future analysis. Thigh muscles were weighted and homogenized using an Ultra-Turrax® and dilutions of the homogenate were prepared in saline.
• Limiting dilutions were plated onto agar plates and two days later the number of MRSA 2141 CFU were determined for each individual mouse as an indication of bactericidal activity of the compound. Additionally, tests were performed to determine if the bacteria used are still oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This was done before injection and on pooled thigh muscle isolates per group. For this purpose Staphaurex® (Remel Europe Ltd., Crossways, UK) and ORSAB® + supplements (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK) were used. In vivo antibiotic activity is determined by a CFU reduction of > 90% (1 log reduction) in comparison to the negative control (vehicle only).
• the study was comprised five groups of 10 females each.
• the groups are presented in Table 4 below:
• Synthesis of the desired carbamates according to Synthetic scheme 1 proceeded smoothly when heated to reflux in toluene overnight. After cooling some of the end product TAC1J)O2 (58 mg), TACl_003 (63 mg) and TACl_007 (111 mg) crystallized from the solution in good purity. End products TACl_016 (37 mg), TACl_006 (35 mg) and TACl_008 (26 mg) were purified by preparative LCMS, yields are shown in the scheme below. Unfortunately end product TACl_005 was not pure enough after preparative LCMS. Resynthesis was set in and after purification by flash chromatography product TACl_005 is pure according to LCMS analysis. Resynthesis of TACl_005 yielded eventually 25 mg of compound.
• building block 1 was synthesized in low yield 1.27 g (36%), this amount was enough to synthesize enough of the desired end compounds. Also building block 2 was prepared in high yield 456 mg (100%).
• the first test reaction starting from building block 1 to end product TACl_011 was successful. After purification by flash chromatography about 50 mg product was isolated. Refluxing building block 2 and isopropylamine in dichloroniethane for 2 days gave complete conversion to end product TACl_012. This batch was purified by flash chromatography and yielded about 50 mg end product.

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