Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/004—Surface-active compounds containing F
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/01—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C311/02—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C311/03—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atoms of the sulfonamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C311/00—Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C311/01—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C311/02—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
  • C07C311/09—Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by at least two halogen atoms

Definitions

• Gemini surfactants (sometimes called dimeric surfactants) have two hydrophilic groups and two hydrophobic groups in the molecules, in contrast to conventional surfactants that generally have a single hydrophilic group and a single hydrophobic group in the molecule.
• Gemini surfactants can be ten to a thousand times more surface- active than conventional surfactants with similar but single, hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the molecules.
• the present invention provides a gemini surfactant represented by the formula:
• each Rf independently represents perfluorobutyl or perfiuoropropyl; each RI independently represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; L ⁇ and L ⁇ represent alkylene having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms; each R represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
• Z represents an organic divalent linking group
• m- nX represents an anion or anions having a charge m, wherein m and n are independently 1 or 2, and wherein the product of n and m is 2.
• Gemini surfactants according to the present invention are useful, for example, for reducing surface tension of aqueous compositions. In some embodiments, gemini surfactants according to the present invention are useful for enhancing gloss of coated and dried aqueous compositions having dispersed polymer particles.
• alkyl xefers to a monovalent group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom
• alkylene refers to a divalent group derived from an alkane by removal of two hydrogen atoms; "aqueous” means containing at least 25 percent by weight of water;
• hydrocarbyl group refers to a monovalent group derived from a hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen atom
• hydrocarbylene group refers to a divalent group derived from a hydrocarbon by removal of two hydrogen atoms; and "perfluoroalkyl group” refers to alkyl group having all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group replaced by fluorine atoms.
• Gemini surfactants according to the present invention are represented by the formula:
• Each Rf independently represents perfluorobutyl (for example, -CF2CF2CF2CF3 or -CF2CF(CF3>2) or perfluoropropyl (for example, -CF2CF2CF3 or -CF(CF3)2).
• Each R1 independently represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl).
• Li and L ⁇ represent alkylene having from 2 to 4, from 2 to 12, or from 2 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples include ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexylene, 1,12- dodecanediyl, and 1,18-octadecanediyl. L may be linear or branched and may include one or more rings.
• Each R represents alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl).
• Z represents an organic divalent linking group.
• Z has from 2 to 10, from 2 to 20, or from 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
• suitable organic divalent linking groups include hydrocarbylene groups such as, for example, divalent acyclic aliphatic groups having from 2 to 10, 20, or 30 carbon atoms (for example, ethylene, propane- 1, 3 -diyl, propane- 1,2-diyl, decane-l,10-diyl, tridecane-l,30-diyl); divalent alicyclic groups having from 3 to 10, 20, or 30 carbon atoms (for example, cyclopropane- 1,2-diyl, cyclohexane-l,4-diyl, or bis(l-cyclohexyl-4-yl)propane); divalent mixed aliphatic aromatic groups having from 7 to 15, 20, or 30 carbon atoms (for example,
• Z is selected from the group consisting of divalent hydrocarbylene groups having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and combinations of one or more hydrocarbylene groups having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms with at least one of -O- (for example, -CH2CH2O- or -(CH(CHs)CH 2 )O)] $-, -S-, or -
• R.2 represents H or a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (for example, Z can be -CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 -).
• Suitable anions include, halides (for example, chloride, bromide, or iodide), alkanesulfonates (for example, methanesulfonate trifluoromethanesulfonate); arenesulfonates (for example, p-toluenesulfonate); hydroxide, alkanecarboxylates (for example, acetate, fumarate, or tartrate), and complex metal halides (for example, BF4 " ,' SbF6 ' , or PF 6 -).
• halides for example, chloride, bromide, or iodide
• alkanesulfonates for example, methanesulfonate trifluoromethanesulfonate
• arenesulfonates for example, p-toluenesulfonate
• hydroxide for example, acetate, fumarate, or tartrate
• complex metal halides for example, BF4 "
• both of Rf groups will be the same, both L groups will be the same, and all of the R groups will be the same, but this is not a requirement.
• Convenient synthetic routes to gemini surfactants according to the present invention include formation of the quaternary ammonium salt, for example, by reacting a material represented by the formula RfSO 2 NRl-L-NR 2 with a dialkylating agent X-Z-X (for example, wherein X is monovalent), wherein Rf, RI, L, and R are as previously defined.
• suitable dialkylating agents include l,4-bis(chloromethyl)benzene, 1,6-dibromohexane; or l 3 l l-dichloro-3 3 6,9-trioxaundecane.
• Useful synthetic routes to materials represented by the formula RfSO 2 NRl _L-NR2 include, for example, reacting a material represented by the formula with a dialkylamine R2NH.
• RfSC ⁇ NR 1 -L-NR2 can be made by reacting RfSC ⁇ NHR 1 with an aminoalkylating agent such as, for example, C1C2H4N(CH3)2, or an analogous material.
• RfS ⁇ 2NRl-L-X (for example, wherein X is Cl or OSO2CH3) can be made by treatment with thionyl chloride (that is, SOCI2) or methanesulfonyl chloride (that is, CH3SO2CI) in pyridine from the corresponding alcohol such as, for example, C4F9SO2N(CH3)C n H2 n OH wherein n is 2 or 4.
• the surfactants of the invention are substantially free (that is less than 1 wt.%) of fluorochemical compounds that eliminate slowly from living organisms and are therefore considered environmentally sustainable versus most other known commercially available fluorochemical materials, which are based on surfactants containing longer perfluorinated segments or tails.
• fluorinated surfactant-containing compositions which are effective in providing desired surfactant properties, and which eliminate more effectively from the body (including the composition and its degradation products). It is expected that the fluorinated gemini surfactants of the present invention, which contain perfluorobutyl or perfluoropropyl groups, when exposed to biologic, thermal, oxidative, hydrolytic, and photolytic conditions found in the environment, will break down to various degradation products. For example, compositions comprising perfluorobutanesulfonamido groups are expected to degrade, at least to some extent, ultimately to perfluorobutanesulfonate salts.
• perfluorobutanesulfonate tested in the form of its potassium salt, eliminates from the body more effectively than perfluorohexanesulfonate and much more effectively than perfluorooctanesulfonate .
• Fluorinated gemini surfactants according to the present invention may be used in aqueous or non-aqueous compositions, and are typically effective for lowering the surface tension of formulations containing organic solvents and/or water.
• Uses of fluorinated gemini surfactants according to the present invention include, for example, as a defoamer emulsifier, dispersant, wetting aid, or leveling aid.
• fluorinated gemini surfactants according to the present invention may be included in aqueous compositions, including those having dispersed polymeric latex particles (for example, acrylic latex particles) therein.
• Aldrich Company Saint Louis, Missouri, or may be synthesized by conventional methods.
• Static surface tension in deionized water was: 31.5 dyne/cm (0.315 millinewton/cm) at a concentration of 25.3 parts per million by weight (ppm); 21.0 dyne/cm (0.210 millinewton/cm) at a concentration of 65.1 ppm; 19.5 dyne/cm (0.195 millinewton/cm) at a concentration of 127.6 ppm.
• Dynamic surface tension of GSl at a concentration of 0.5 percent by weight in water was 20.5 dyne/cm.
• Samples of this floor finish (that is, FFl) were prepared for testing by addition of 100 ppm or 200 ppm levels of GSl, or a comparative fluorinated surfactant used in commercial floor finishes (that is, "FLUORAD FC-129” surfactant from 3M Company).
• the floor tiles were coated with five courses of floor finish and the coated tiles were allowed to air dry for at least 7 days, then 60° gloss was measured using a BYK- Gardner gloss meter available under the trade designation "MICRO-TRI-GLOSS METER” from Paul N. Gardner Co., Inc., Pompano Beach, Florida, as taking the average of six different measurements over the coated surface of the tile. Gloss measurements are reported in Table 1 (below), and wherein "FSl” refers to a fluorinated surfactant obtained under the trade designation "FLUORAD FC-129” from 3M Company.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=37648755

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (16)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 2005
  • 2005-11-17 US US11/281,745 patent/US7164041B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-11-09 WO PCT/US2006/043591 patent/WO2007061637A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2006-11-09 CN CN2006800428906A patent/CN101309899B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-11-09 EP EP06844300A patent/EP1957445B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2006-11-09 JP JP2008541233A patent/JP5032492B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-11-09 BR BRPI0618616-5A patent/BRPI0618616A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-11-09 KR KR1020087011684A patent/KR20080067347A/ko not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events