WO2007053049A1

WO2007053049A1 - Material processing method and device

Info

Publication number: WO2007053049A1
Application number: PCT/RU2005/000430
Authority: WO
Inventors: David Adamovich Terteryan; Rita Adamovna Kharina; Papken Arutyunovich Meltonyan
Original assignee: David Adamovich Terteryan
Priority date: 2005-11-01
Filing date: 2005-11-01
Publication date: 2007-05-10

Abstract

The invention relates to processing different materials, in particular elastomers. The inventive processing method consists in pre-compressing a processable material until the elasto-plastic strain is removed, in producing a destructive impact pulse, in establishing a temperature of 500-600 °C in the rupture zone by a directed air cooling, thereby preventing the inflammation of the processable material, in removing metal particles from the cutting area by means of a magnetic separator and in discharging a gas medium. The invention provides for a device using two driven rolls for tightening the processable material and supplying it to a cutting tool. The cooling system comprises three fans whose output sockets are positioned at an angle to each other in a material processing area. The final product is removed from the magnetic separator by means of a worm, crumb separator and the fans. The gas medium is discharged through a filter. Said invention makes it possible to avoid the adhesion of the processable material to the cutting tool and to divide the obtained material into fractions.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING MATERIALS

The invention relates to methods and devices for processing and processing of various materials, mainly elastomers, and can be used in various technological processes.

The present invention can be used for the processing of worn automobile and aircraft tires during their disposal.

Known devices and method for processing materials with magnetostrictive components. The device contains a generator of exposure to a magnetic field in the range of sound frequencies with intensity in the field of manifestation of the magnetostrictive effect, a mechanical load unit (ed. Certificate of the USSR 1811421, 02 C 19/18).

The disadvantages of the known device are low efficiency in the processing of plastic materials, the impossibility of its use in the processing of worn tires.

A known method of processing materials, which consists in creating an impact on the processed material with a moving processing tool (see RF patent 2162411 from 07/13/2000).

The known method can be adopted as the closest analogue.

The disadvantages of this method include its low efficiency in the processing of elastomers reinforced with metal and kapron cords due to the lack of required cooling and the elimination of the elastic properties of elastomers.

The proposed method eliminates these disadvantages.

The essence of the method lies in the fact that they create a shock effect on the processed material with a moving processing tool, the method is characterized in that the pre-processed material is pressed by force until the elastic-plastic deformation is eliminated, and a shock impulse of destruction of duration

Replacement sheet 0.06-0.7 ms, with a frequency of 10000-20000 Hz, with an amplitude of 500-800 kg, while in the destruction zone they create a temperature of 500-600 C due to directed air cooling to eliminate the ignition of the processed material and provide instant elimination of the fraction from the cutting zone, separate metal particles using a magnetic separator and remove the gaseous medium using gas filters.

A device for processing and processing materials is known in which a moving cutting tool is applied to the material to be processed and ultrasonic frequency oscillations are created in the material processing zone (see British Patent 2004200, March 28, 79).

The disadvantages of the known device are the low processing efficiency of elastomers due to their high ductility, high coefficient of friction

The closest analogue to the greatest number of similar features and achieved when using the result of the proposed device is a device containing a disintegrator made in the form of a cutting tool mounted on an electric drive shaft, a cooling system for the cutting tool, a feeding mechanism in the form of a conveyor and a mechanism for outputting the finished product (see patent RU 2162410 dated 13.07.2000)

The disadvantages of the analogue include

- the occurrence of disruption of the technological regime of destruction of the material due to the lack of structural elements that provide the necessary thermal regime in the cutting zone.

- the difficulty of observing the conditions under which the relaxation rate of the processed elastomer would be less than the rate of its destruction due to the lack of structural elements that reduce the elastic properties of the processed material.

Replacement sheet -low processability associated with the lack of means of supplying the processed material and the separation of the obtained fractions for further use.

Significant heat and noise during processing.

- severe smokiness of the room, caused by the lack of exhaust systems of gas and smoke.

Disintegration of elastomers is a complex technical task, requiring the creation of certain conditions, providing a high frequency and processing speed, ensuring that the relaxation rate of the processed elastomer is less than its destruction rate, ensuring a temperature regime at which the elastomer does not stick to the cutting tool and tearing would be the mode of destruction of the material. The complexity of recycling worn tires increases due to the fact that the design of the tires includes the presence of metal and kapron cords and hardening of the side of the tires.

The present invention is based on the solution of the problem of creating an effective technology for processing materials, mainly the disintegration of various materials, in particular worn tires consisting of elastomers reinforced with metal and kapron cords, by providing conditions in the impact zone of the cutting edges that eliminate the sticking of elastomeric fractions to the cutting tool and normal cutting of metal and kapron cord, as well as separation of metal fractions. At the same time, conditions are created to ensure a completely technological process for the destruction of worn-out tires from feeding the tires into the cutting zone to obtain the finished product in the form of dispersed particles.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the temperature in the fracture zone due to

Replacement sheet air cooling, which eliminates the adhesion of fracture particles to the cutting tool and ensures the separation of the obtained material into fractions.

The technical result achieved is achieved due to the fact that the device for processing materials containing a disintegrator made in the form of a cutting tool mounted on an electric drive shaft, a cooling system of the cutting tool, a feed mechanism in the form of a conveyor and an output mechanism of the finished product is different in that it is introduced the pressing mechanism, made in the form of two rolls mounted horizontally on the shafts and connected with an electric drive for feeding the processed material to the cutting tool entom, and the cooling system is made in the form of at least three fans, the outlet pipes of which are located at an angle to each other in three planes in the material processing zone, and the output mechanism of the finished product is made in the form of a fan with a pipeline connected to an additional fan, the outlet pipe of which connected to the housing of the magnetic separator, the output of which is connected to a fan, the outlet pipe of which is connected to a tiny separator equipped with an air filter, in which a screw is installed for output finished product and a fan nozzle for withdrawal of gas through the filter. The cutting element is made in the form of a set of cylindrical milling cutters with four air channels located inside the milling cutter, the air channels being connected to the outer surface of the milling cutter by radial channels to cool the outer surface of the milling cutter and separating the finished product, and guide vanes are made on the end surfaces of the milling cutter for additional air cooling cutters. Figure l presents the device for processing materials according to this invention that implements the proposed method, figure 2 shows the design of the cutting tool with located outlet pipes

Replacement sheet fans, Fig. 3 shows the experimentally obtained dependence of the cutter temperature T (C) on the cutting time of milliseconds with a different number of fans used (standard fans were used).

A device for processing materials contains

The disintegrator 1, made in the form of a cutting tool mounted on the shaft 2 of the electric drive 3, the cooling system of the cutting tool 4, the feeding mechanism 5 in the form of a conveyor. A pressing mechanism 6 is introduced into it, made in the form of two rolls 7 and 8 mounted horizontally on the shafts 9 and 10 and connected to the electric drive 11 and 12 and supplying the processed material to the cutting tool. The cooling system is made in the form of at least three fans 13, 14, 15, the outgoing pipes of which are located at an angle to each other in three planes in the material processing zone. The output mechanism of the finished product is made in the form of a fan 16 with a pipe 17 connected to an additional fan 18, the output pipe 19 of which is connected to the housing 20 of the magnetic separator, the output of which is connected to the fan 21, the output pipe 22 of which is connected to the chip separator 23, equipped with an air filter 24, in which a screw 25 is installed for outputting the finished product and a pipe 26 of the fan 27 for gas outlet through the filter 28.

The cutting element (disintegrator) 1 is made in the form of a set of cylindrical mills with four air channels 29 located inside the milling cutter, the air channels being connected to the outer surface of the milling cutter by radial channels 30 to cool the outer surface of the milling cutter and separating the finished product, and on the end surfaces of the milling cutter guide vanes 31 for additional air cooling of the cutter.

Replacement sheet The proposed device operates as follows.

The essence of the proposed method and device is to create a shock effect on the processed material with a moving cutting tool.

The pre-processed material is pressed by a pressing mechanism until the elastic-plastic deformation is eliminated.

They create a shock impulse of destruction with a duration of 0.06-0.7ms, a frequency of 10000-20000Hz, an amplitude of 500-800kg, while a temperature of 500-600C is created in the destruction zone due to directed continuous air cooling to eliminate the ignition of the processed material and provide instant elimination of the fraction from the cutting zone. Metal particles are separated using a magnetic separator and the gas medium is removed using gas filters.

Preliminary compression of the processed material to eliminate the elastic-plastic deformation provides a more even stressed medium, especially in elastomers reinforced with metal and kapron cord.

Creating a shock pulse of destruction with a duration of 0.06-0.7 ms, frequency of 10000-20000 Hz with an amplitude of 500-800 kg allows for the destruction of both the elastomer and the metal and kapron cords. These parameters in combination provide a normal technological process of destruction of reinforced materials, which include worn tires. At the same time, the cutting tool has sufficient durability and reliability. Due to the directional air cooling and instant elimination of the fraction from the cutting zone (temperature in the cutting zone 500-600 C), it allows to eliminate the ignition of the processed material and, therefore, to maintain the cutting tool in a normal state without signs of formation of elastomer deposits. Instant removal of fractions from the cutting zone allows you to eliminate also

Replacement sheet overheating of the tool, eliminating jamming of the system; cutting tool - the processed material. The elimination of metal particles from the resulting product provides further widespread use of the resulting product. The removal of the gaseous medium using filters ensures the environmental friendliness of the process. The separation of metal particles using a magnetic separator and the removal of the gaseous medium using filters make the process more technological and environmentally friendly.

When processing and processing materials, the drive power is set to at least 50-500 kW; the rotation speed of the processing tool is chosen 1500 - 6000 rpm, the number of cutting edges of the tool is selected from the ratio w x p 10000 Hz, where w is the angular speed of rotation of the tool p is the number of cutting edges tools, and the angle of attack about the tool is chosen 85-95 depending on the volume of the processed material (from mini plants to large plants) Due to preliminary preloading, it is possible to expand the range of parameters of technological modes. These modes are optimal for processing elastomers reinforced with metal and kapron cords. However, even when these conditions are ensured, it is important to ensure the temperature regime, since the destruction of metal and kapron cords causes significant heating and ignition of the elastomer and their processed products. As a result, there is a violation of the process and the device stops. For this purpose, the device is equipped with at least three fans 13, 14, 15, and the cutting element is made in the form of a cylindrical milling cutter with four air channels located inside the milling cutter, the air channels being connected to the external surface of the milling cutter by radial channels to cool the external surface of the milling cutter and separation of the finished product, but on the end

Replacement sheet guide vanes 31 are made on the surfaces of the mill for an additional airflow of cooling of the mill.

Essentially, a normal thermal regime is created in the system in the cutting zone, at which a temperature that is insufficient to ignite the elastomer and its fractions occurs, while the normal destruction of the elastomer and the metal cord occurs, and the fracture time is much shorter than the ignition time of the elastomer and its fractions.

From the experimentally obtained relationship it follows that the minimum number of fans required should be three, while commercially available fans were used that were selected taking into account the interface with other structural elements of the device.

When processing worn tires, it is preliminarily cleaned of external pollution, the prepared tire is installed on the conveyor 3 and fed to the pressing mechanism 7. The tire is compressed until the elasticity is completely eliminated, while the elastic properties of the tire are equalized, since the elastomer loses its elastic properties. In this state, the tire enters the cutting zone, where it is destroyed. In this case, both the elastomer and the metal cord are destroyed due to impact forces from the cutting tool. In the process of destruction, its constant compression is carried out, while the process occurs with sufficiently strong heating. To cool the cutting zone and the cutting tool, the device has a cooling system made in the form of at least three fans 13, 14, 15, the outlet pipes of which are located under the fragile one another. Using the output mechanism of the finished product, made in the form of a fan 16 with a pipe 17 connected to an additional fan 18. The resulting product through the outlet pipe 19 enters the housing of the magnetic separator 20, where metal fractions are separated.

Replacement sheet Subsequently, from the magnetic separator by means of a fan 21 and an outlet pipe 22, the obtained fraction enters the crusher 23 equipped with an air filter 24, where the fraction precipitates and the evolved gases are removed. Then, the formed crumb with the help of a screw is displayed outside the device, where it is packed in the required volume. Using a fan 27, the resulting gases enter the afterburner filter 28 to ensure environmental cleanliness. The proposed installation uses commercially available filters and afterburner filters.

The advantage of the proposed device and processing method is to obtain the product of the processing of worn tires in the form of rubber powder, while managing to ensure high environmental friendliness of production. The proposed device and method have advantages over known methods and devices for similar purposes.

Replacement sheet

Claims

CLAIM

1. A method of processing materials, which consists in creating a shock effect on the material being processed by a moving processing tool, characterized in that the pre-processed material is pressed by force until the elastic-plastic deformation is eliminated, an impact pulse of destruction is created with a duration of 0.06-0.7 ms, amplitude 500 -800 kg, while in the destruction zone they create a temperature of 500-600 C due to directed air cooling to eliminate the ignition of the processed material and provide instant installation wound fraction from the cutting zone, separated metal particles by a magnetic separator and the gaseous medium is removed by using gas filters.

2. A device for processing materials containing, a disintegrator made in the form of a cutting tool mounted on an electric drive shaft, a cooling system of the cutting tool, a feeding mechanism in the form of a conveyor and a finished product output mechanism, characterized in that a pressing mechanism is introduced into it, made in the form two rolls mounted horizontally on the shafts and connected to an electric drive for supplying the processed material to the cutting tool, and the cooling system is made in the form of at least three fans, the outlet pipes of which are located at an angle to each other in three planes in the material processing zone, and the output mechanism of the finished product is made in the form of a fan with a pipe connected to an additional fan, the outlet pipe of which is connected to the casing of the magnetic separator, the outlet of which is connected to the fan the outlet nozzle of which is connected to a small separator equipped with an air filter in which the screw is installed

Replacement sheet for the conclusion of the finished product and the fan pipe for the outlet of gas through the filter.

3. A device for processing materials according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutting element is made in the form of a set of cylindrical mills with four air channels located inside the milling cutter, wherein the air channels are connected to the outer surface of the cutter by radial channels for cooling the outer surface of the cutter and separation finished product, and on the end surfaces of the mill guide vanes are made for additional air cooling of the mill.

Replacement sheet