Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
  • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
  • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
  • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
  • F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D3/10—Charging directly from hoppers or shoots

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for charging feedstocks, in particular coke or ore, and optionally separated fines of feedstocks, for processing in a metallurgical vessel, in particular a blast furnace, for the production of metal or metal precursors, in particular steel or steel precursors, with a charging device, the a conveying means and at least one feeding device for supplying the charging device.
• the prior art discloses methods and devices for charging, it being customary to distribute the starting materials in an annular manner in the metallurgical vessel. For this purpose, predefined setting positions of a picking device are traversed and thus the feedstocks are introduced in several annuli.
• the disadvantage here is, above all, that it is not possible to achieve a very homogeneous distribution of the starting materials.
• the object of the invention is achieved by means of the method for charging and according to the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 and the device for charging and according to the features of the characterizing part of claim 21.
• the inventive method provides for a charging of the starting materials and optionally of fines in a metallurgical vessel, wherein for setting a targeted distribution of the charged materials, the charging is carried out spirally, wherein the spiral is formed from outside to inside.
• the conveyor is guided along a spiral, so that the charged materials are deposited along a spiral. Due to the stepless guidance of the conveying means there is a continuous change of the radial position while the position changes in the circumferential direction. The change of the radial position takes place continuous and continuous as the position is changed circumferentially. Due to these measures, predefined coverages in the vessel with the charged substances can be achieved. Compared to conventional methods, it is possible to set more complex coverages or even more uniformly charge them.
• the conveyor is infinitely rotated about an axis and simultaneously inclined about a further axis.
• This biaxial guide with simultaneous change of inclination, allows charging on the entire surface of the vessel being charged. What is important here is the infinitely variable and simultaneous positioning, so that complete charging to the entire inner cross-sectional area of the metallurgical vessel is possible.
• the control of the charging device and the charging are carried out according to a predefined filling plan.
• the charging according to a filling plan ensures advantageous operation of the method in the metallurgical vessel.
• the filling plan is set on the basis of a measured actual temperature distribution and a desired temperature distribution of the solids present in the vessel. Due to the clearly more accurate charging, a target temperature distribution in the vessel can be adjusted even better.
• the feed may be e.g. the für gasungs be influenced in Möller a blast furnace, wherein the fürgasungs represented as a temperature distribution in the vessel. Due to the spiral charging deviations from a target temperature distribution can be even better avoided.
• the feed of the starting materials and optionally of the fine fraction from the feeder is volume-controlled.
• material is introduced into the vessel in accordance with the spiral shape, whereby due to the changing length of the turns of the spiral, the amount of material is regulated, the quantity per unit of time thus adjusting the mass flow.
• Fines are understood to mean feedstocks with small particle sizes which, for procedural reasons, are separated off, usually screened off. In this case, fine particles are understood to mean particle sizes in ores of up to 8 mm and cokes of up to 24 mm.
• the charging from the supply device takes place in batches. In this case, the charging takes place in closed quantities, so not constantly.
• the method according to the invention during the charging of fine fraction, it is always introduced into the delivery device before the other starting materials. Before the entry of the starting materials or the fine fraction into the vessel, these substances are first introduced into the feed device. Due to the fact that the fine fraction is introduced first, the charging of the fine fraction into the vessel always takes place first and before the other starting materials. Due to the spiral charging, the fines are thus introduced in the peripheral areas and the starting materials in the spirals of the spiral located further inside. In the event that no fine fraction is to be introduced, the charging of the starting materials takes place over the entire spiral, ie also at the edge regions.
• the proportion by weight of fines is from 2% to 20%, in particular from 8% to 12%, of the total amount charged.
• the proportion of fines can be chosen according to the adaptation of the method, with particular attention to the characteristics of the process, which will operate in the metallurgical vessel and the special conditions in the vessel can be considered.
• a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the fine fraction is charged spirally and predominantly to the edge region of the vessel, the radial end point of the spiral region on which the fine fraction from a feed device was charged, the radial starting point for a subsequent charging of fines, in particular from a further feed device forms, so that the fine fraction is uniformly distributed to the edge region.
• Controlled charging makes it possible to enter the vessel with exact position.
• the Gasification of the introduced material significantly, as it also affects the process temperature and the temperature distribution. Due to the other gas permeability of fines, it is necessary to charge these substances targeted and evenly at the edge regions.
• the entry is made in the edge area according to the spiral shape.
• the feedstock also in the feeder follows.
• the now charged fine fraction is introduced on a spiral, wherein the starting point for the now charged fine fraction in terms of its circumferential position directly adjoins the previously charged fines. It is crucial that uniform charging takes place in the circumferential direction, wherein the individual fines must not be present in the same vertical position.
• the charging of the starting materials takes place in the spiral over 6 to 14, in particular 9 to 11 turns.
• the turns By choosing the turns, a corresponding adaptation to the dimensions of the metallurgical vessel can take place.
• the number of turns can also be increased if necessary, if a special filling is required.
• the charging of the fines in the two outer, in particular only in the outermost, turn (s) of the spiral takes place. It has proved to be advantageous to charge fines only in the outermost regions, since here a reduced gas permeability does not have a negative effect on the temperature distribution. Due to the charging only at the outermost turns, a high reproducibility in the charging is achieved and thus a very uniform distribution of the fines.
• An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the inclination and the speed of the conveyor are each controlled by frequency converter. This embodiment allows a continuous and independent control for both movements, so that the inventive method can be implemented.
• a special embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the supply of the conveyor takes place alternately from different feed devices, wherein at least two supply devices are provided.
• the supply of the conveyor for entry into the metallurgical vessel can be made alternately from two feeders, which can each be supplied in advance with feedstocks or with fine material. By arranging two or more feeders, it is possible to adjust the feedstocks and the fine fraction individually in order to be able to charge even more flexibly.
• the feed device comprises at least one container for storing the starting materials and optionally fine fraction.
• the starting materials or the fine fraction can be introduced in advance, so that then the entire contents of the container can be charged.
• the inclination and the rotational speed of the conveying means are controlled such that the fine fraction is charged essentially over a complete turn of the spiral.
• the inclination and the rotational speed of the conveying means are controlled in the radial direction on the inclined surfaces of the charged material, taking into account natural sliding lines.
• a target temperature profile is set. It may be necessary to charge over the cross section of the vessel unevenly, with a bed of material is set, the surface is not flat, but has inclinations.
• the surface is not flat, but has inclinations.
• the fine fraction consists of a mixture of fines of coke and ore.
• Fines are produced during the processing of ores but also of coke.
• these fines are often processed, e.g. can be done in a sinter plant.
• this treatment is very complex and expensive.
• fines which are mostly produced by rubbing, are mixed and then mixed together with e.g. Ores or coke used.
• Fines can be mixed as needed.
• the mixture has a coke content of 5% to 40%, in particular 15% to 30%.
• This special mixture takes account of the fact that the fine fraction of ore must be supplied by means of coke as a reducing agent.
• coke and ore are charged alternately, optionally together with the fines and / or additives. It has proven to be advantageous, the materials coke and ore or optionally also fines and / or additives not as mixtures but stratified to introduce into the metallurgical vessel, being charged in accordance with alternately. By this type of charging can be taken even more targeted attention to the metallurgical features and an advantageous metallurgical process can be ensured.
• the device provides that at least one conveying means and at least one feeding device are provided for supplying the conveying means, wherein the conveying means has an outlet opening, which can be guided during charging into a metallurgical vessel along an inwardly leading spiral Setting of a predefined cover in the vessel.
• the guidance along a spiral offers the advantage of a uniform and very flexibly adaptable filling. Deviations from a desired filling can be largely avoided by this guidance and thus a metallurgical process in the vessel can be optimized.
• the conveyor is infinitely rotatable about an axis and at the same time mounted adjustable with respect to its inclination about a further axis.
• a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that in each case a frequency inverter is provided for controlling the inclination and the rotational speed of the conveyor.
• a frequency inverter is provided for controlling the inclination and the rotational speed of the conveyor.
• These independently adjustable frequency converters ensure maximum flexibility.
• these drives allow simultaneous and fully continuous control.
• the feeding device has a weighing device, for the continuous tracking of the starting materials and optionally fines during charging. Due to the constant tracking of the weight and thus the amount of already charged material, the position of the charged material is always known and understandable. In particular, accurate fillings can be achieved, but also positionally accurate, e.g. Fines are introduced and thus a uniform charging of fines over the circumference can be achieved.
• FIG. 1 Schematic representation of the charging according to the invention in a metallurgical vessel
• Fig. 2 Schematic representation of a filling, which is set by the method according to the invention
• Fig. 3 Schematic representation of a filling, which is adjusted by the method according to the invention
• Fig. 1 the charging according to the invention is shown schematically.
• a metallurgical vessel 1 is charged from above, the upper end of the vessel is not shown.
• a conveyor 2 is provided for charging.
• This is pivotally mounted about an axis 5 in a particular embodiment, wherein the inclination angle ⁇ of the conveyor 2 can be changed.
• the conveyor 2 can be rotated about the vertical axis 6.
• the outlet opening 3 of the conveying means 2 describes a spiral shape.
• the inclination of the conveyor is thereby changed so that a leading from outside to inside spiral 4 is described.
• the material charged by means of the conveying means 2 is introduced on a spiral shape into a container on a surface and a corresponding filling 10 is produced.
• the entire amount of fines and starting materials is introduced into the feeder and then charged by means of the conveyor 2.
• a charging cycle then refers to the total amount of material that is in the feeder.
• the feedstocks are after the fines were charged, distributed to the remaining turns of the spiral 4, this being done according to a predefined filling plan.
• the speed of the conveyor 2, the inclination ⁇ and the amount of feed per unit time from the feeder can be adjusted to set a desired charge become. It has proven to be advantageous to provide at least two feeders, so that alternately different materials can be introduced and a layered buildup is made possible.
• FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a charge in a metallurgical vessel.
• the starting materials are introduced in layers.
• Center axis M shows and an ordinate, the bed thickness, indicated in
• Centimeters shows that two different feedstocks 11 and 12 were charged. Due to the through-gassing of the feedstocks, fillings are usually not generated evenly but provided with accumulations. It thus creates a surface 13 which is inclined.
• FIG. 3 shows a possible filling in a representation which shows the proportions of the charged materials (ordinate) over the distance R from the center axis M of the metallurgical vessel (abscissa). Near the edges are the fines 14 to see that are charged between coke 15 and ore 16 and other aggregates 17.
• the illustration is an example, the actual charge is adjusted according to a target temperature distribution.
• Fig. 4 shows by way of example a desired temperature distribution 18 in a metallurgical vessel, such as e.g. in a blast furnace, and an actual temperature distribution 19.
• the abscissa shows the distance from the central axis of the metallurgical vessel, the ordinate represents the temperatures.
• the charge and the charge through a modified fürungs is the Temperature distribution specifically influenced and changed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
• Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
• Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2005
  • 2005-10-24 AT AT0173505A patent/AT502479B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2006
  • 2006-10-05 PL PL06792381T patent/PL1941066T3/pl unknown
  • 2006-10-05 EP EP06792381A patent/EP1941066B1/de active Active
  • 2006-10-05 US US12/091,266 patent/US8034157B2/en active Active
  • 2006-10-05 CN CN2006800396356A patent/CN101297047B/zh active Active
  • 2006-10-05 WO PCT/EP2006/009632 patent/WO2007048490A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2006-10-05 AT AT06792381T patent/ATE437966T1/de active
  • 2006-10-05 ES ES06792381T patent/ES2330473T3/es active Active
  • 2006-10-05 DE DE502006004406T patent/DE502006004406D1/de active Active
  • 2006-10-05 RU RU2008120664/02A patent/RU2412414C2/ru active
  • 2006-10-05 BR BRPI0617717-4A patent/BRPI0617717B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2006-10-05 UA UAA200806548A patent/UA93216C2/ru unknown

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