Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/157—Devices characterised by integrated means for measuring characteristics of blood
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
  • A61B5/1459—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
  • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
  • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
  • A61B5/150412—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin
  • A61B5/150419—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin comprising means for capillary action
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
  • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
  • A61B5/150412—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin
  • A61B5/150435—Specific design of proximal end
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
  • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
  • A61B5/150503—Single-ended needles
  • A61B5/150511—Details of construction of shaft
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/150007—Details
  • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
  • A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
  • A61B5/150503—Single-ended needles
  • A61B5/150519—Details of construction of hub, i.e. element used to attach the single-ended needle to a piercing device or sampling device
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
  • A61B5/15146—Devices loaded with multiple lancets simultaneously, e.g. for serial firing without reloading, for example by use of stocking means.
  • A61B5/15148—Constructional features of stocking means, e.g. strip, roll, disc, cartridge, belt or tube
  • A61B5/15149—Arrangement of piercing elements relative to each other
  • A61B5/15151—Each piercing element being stocked in a separate isolated compartment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
  • A61B5/15146—Devices loaded with multiple lancets simultaneously, e.g. for serial firing without reloading, for example by use of stocking means.
  • A61B5/15148—Constructional features of stocking means, e.g. strip, roll, disc, cartridge, belt or tube
  • A61B5/15157—Geometry of stocking means or arrangement of piercing elements therein
  • A61B5/15159—Piercing elements stocked in or on a disc
  • A61B5/15163—Characterized by propelling the piercing element in an axial direction relative to the disc
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
  • A61B5/15146—Devices loaded with multiple lancets simultaneously, e.g. for serial firing without reloading, for example by use of stocking means.
  • A61B5/15148—Constructional features of stocking means, e.g. strip, roll, disc, cartridge, belt or tube
  • A61B5/15157—Geometry of stocking means or arrangement of piercing elements therein
  • A61B5/15174—Piercing elements stocked in the form of a stack or pile
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
  • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
  • A61B5/6848—Needles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
  • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
  • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
  • A61B5/15101—Details
  • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
  • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
  • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
  • A61B5/15101—Details
  • A61B5/15115—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
  • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
  • G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
  • G01N2021/7773—Reflection

Definitions

• the invention relates to a test element as a disposable article for examining a body fluid with a piercing part which can be pierced into a body part, a collecting area formed thereon for body fluid obtained by the piercing and at least one optical conductor for an optical measurement in the collecting area.
• the invention also relates to a test system for using such test elements.
• DE 10325699 B3 has already proposed a combined arrangement in which a light-conducting hollow fiber is arranged concentrically around a coaxially displaceable lancet.
• the hollow fiber has at a distal end face a reagent layer, which is acted on when piercing the lancet into the body part with exiting blood, while in the proximal hollow fiber end the light of an analysis unit can be coupled or decoupled.
• the system has a hollow cannula with a light guide which can be displaced therein, the distal end of which is arranged in the cannula opening likewise being coated with an analyte-specific reagent is.
• the end of the light guide is pushed out of the cannula opening until it projects beyond it, thus ensuring that the test field is in easy contact with the patient's blood.
• an additional drive control is required for the Relatiwerschiebung of lancing element and light-conducting element, with a success check of the blood contact is not provided.
• the object of the invention is to further improve the systems known in the prior art, in particular to avoid the disadvantages of a complex sample transport and to increase the user-friendliness with reliable means.
• the invention is based on the idea of automatically acquiring the liquid in a short capillary collecting line and substantially dead volume-free, and of deriving an optical measuring signal therefrom. Accordingly, it is proposed according to the invention that the collecting region is formed by a collecting recess extending in the lancing direction of the lancing part, and that the light guide is integrated in the lancing part so as to be displaceable and is arranged with its distal end in a proximal measuring zone of the collecting recess.
• the (as small as possible) amount of blood can be taken up in the collecting recess, so that the examination is not interfered by disturbing tissue components in the puncture wound and / or by uncontrollable mechanical pressure loads.
• an advantageous embodiment provides that the optical waveguide forms with its distal end a sensor for detecting body fluid which fills the collecting recess. In order to ensure sufficient filling of the collecting volume, it is advantageous if the optical waveguide in the final phase of the liquid intake in the collecting recess detects a body fluid contact.
• At least one electrode which can be acted upon by an electrical voltage, to be arranged for a liquid contact socket or an analyte socket in the region of the collecting recess, wherein the electrode can be formed by an electrical conductor wire integrated into the prick ,
• a further improvement results from the fact that the light guide and / or the electrode supplies a measurement signal for controlling the movement of the lancing part as a function of a detected body fluid contact.
• a test field responsive to an analyte in the body fluid in particular irreversibly chemically reacting, is arranged. Further miniaturization is possible because the distal end of the optical waveguide is provided on the end side with a test field for an analyte in the body fluid, which is preferably fixedly applied as a reagent layer.
• the distal ends of the light guides are optically coupled to a common test field via a carrier foil, wherein the test field is formed by a reagent layer applied to the free front side of the carrier foil facing away from the light guides.
• a reflective beam path between the transmitter and receiver-side optical fiber ends via the test field irradiated on the back side is of particular advantage.
• the thickness of the carrier film should be 0.5 to 1.5 times the mutual spacing of the center lines of adjacent optical fibers.
• a further improvement is achieved in that the optical fibers, the carrier film and the reagent layer are substantially matched to one another have matching refractive index. This can be optimized by the fact that the test field in a reagent layer contains reaction-neutral auxiliaries, in particular salts such as saline, which in solution in the body fluid adjust the refractive index of the reagent layer to the refractive index of the at least one light guide.
• the optical waveguide is preferably detachably connectable via optical plug connections to an optical transmitting and / or receiving unit of a measuring device.
• the lancing part is preferably coupled to a coupling unit of a lancing drive in a form-locking manner, wherein the coupling unit has an optical or opto-electronic interface which can be moved during the lancing movement for the connection of the light guide to an analysis unit.
• a further advantageous embodiment provides that the length of the collecting recess in the lancing direction is dimensioned such that the proximal end portion of the collecting recess remains outside the body part during the puncture, so that body contact with test chemistry is avoided in every case and, conversely, interfering Cell components can be kept away.
• the collecting recess has a volume of 1 to 100 ⁇ l, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ l. It is advantageous if the collecting recess forms a capillary for a capillary-active fluid intake.
• a further improved liquid absorption can be achieved in that the collecting recess is formed as at least one side, preferably open on both sides slot.
• the collecting recess has a widened cross-section proximal end portion as a measuring zone.
• the light guide is formed by an optical fiber or a fiber bundle. It is also conceivable that the light guide is formed by a formed of a photoconductive material portion of the lancing part. For optimized light transmission, it is favorable if the optical waveguide has a larger cross-sectional area at its proximal end than at its distal end.
• a production-related simplification can be achieved in that a carrier made of plastic is preferably integrally formed on the lancing piece by means of two-component injection molding.
• a further production-technically advantageous variant provides that the lancing part is formed from a plurality of flat material layers, wherein the light guide is preferably arranged in a receiving groove between two flat material layers.
• the lancing part For a precise lancing process, it is advantageous for the lancing part to have a lancing device sharpened by a grinding and / or a coating hardened lancing. Also suitable are laser-optical material processing methods, in particular ablation methods for sharpening edges, as are known from the production of razor blades.
• the collecting recess may be provided with a hydrophilic coating.
• An automatic collection process of skin fluid obtained by a skin puncture in a small but sufficient amount can be achieved in that the collecting recess forms a capillary for automatic filling with body fluid, wherein the length of the capillary is a multiple of its diameter.
• Particularly preferred for an analysis of microscopic amounts of liquid is an arrangement in which the test field is oriented transversely to the longitudinal extension of the collecting recess, so that the body fluid flows frontally against the test field.
• a further aspect of the invention relates to a test element as a disposable article for examining a body fluid with a piercing part which can be pierced into a body part, a collecting area for body fluid obtained by the piercing and at least one signal conductor preferably designed as a light conductor or electrical conductor track for optical or electrochemical measurement in the collecting area ,
• the collecting region is formed by a collecting recess of the lancing part which is elongated in the lancing direction and in the form of a capillary
• the signal conductor is integrated in the lancing part and is coupled to a test field responding to an analyte in the body fluid, which is in a proximal measuring zone of the collecting recess at least partially limits a capillary cross section frontally against the inflowing body fluid.
• the liquid can be transported by capillary force a short flow path, so as to ensure that no interfering substances such as cell constituents affect the measurement, the actual measurement process can be made decoupled from the lancing process in a device without the test field initially affects the liquid transport , Upon impact of the fluid front of the body fluid on the Test field is at a defined time, the measurement of a very small volume of liquid allows.
• a structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the lancing part has a bent-off shaft or that the light guide or signal conductor runs in steps, so that the lancing part in a first plane to a lancing drive and the signal / light guide in a second level at transmitting and / or receiving means can be coupled.
• the invention also relates to a test system for examining a body fluid, in particular blood, with a receptacle for at least one test element according to the invention.
• An increased user comfort is achieved by storing a plurality of test elements in a magazine.
• test element can be driven by a lancing drive in a reciprocating lancing movement, and if, during the lancing movement, transmitting and / or receiving means of an analysis unit can be coupled to the light conductor or signal conductor of the test element.
• transmitting and / or receiving means are preferably mitbewegbar as built-in parts of a drive ram during the lancing movement with the test element.
• test systems are preferably used in the form of a portable hand-held device for determining the blood sugar or else for other person-related monitorings, for example for coagulation diagnostics.
• FIG. 1 shows a blood glucose meter in a perspective view
• FIG. 2 shows the device according to FIG. 1 in a perspective view
• FIG. 3 shows a test element provided with optical fibers in a side view
• FIG. 4 shows the test element according to FIG. 3 coupled to a lancing drive
• Fig. 5 is a broken fragmentary enlargement of Fig. 4;
• FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a coupling unit for the light guides of the test element in a broken side view
• FIGS. 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of a test element in side view and partial enlargements
• test element 9 shows a test element as a film composite part in an exploded view and assembled in a perspective view
• FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of a test element with a bent lancing part in a perspective view.
• test elements 10 shown in the drawing can be used as a disposable article for a blood glucose measurement in a hand-held device 12 designed for this purpose.
• the test elements 10 comprise a piercing part 14 which can be pierced into a body part in a piercing movement, a collecting area 16 formed thereon for receiving a blood sample obtained by the piercing and at least one optical waveguide 18 for an optical measurement in the collecting area 16.
• a plurality of test elements 10 in respective magazine chambers 20 of a stacking or drum-type magazine 22 are successively engageable in an active use position with respect to a pierced opening support 24 for user finger positioning.
• a lancing drive 26 engaging in the magazine chamber 20 permits a reciprocating movement of the lancing member 14 along a lancing axis or in the lancing direction.
• the blood uptake in the collecting area 16 then takes place during a collecting position of the lancing part 14 that may have been retracted somewhat in the body part.
• the successful blood uptake and / or the content of an analyte (glucose) therein can be detected via the light guides 18, as it were locally, in a very small volume, without having to accept larger transport distances and dead volumes.
• a microprocessor-based processing unit 27 and output unit 28 an analysis and display of the current blood glucose level is possible.
• all device functions are realized in a compact battery-operated hand-held device, so that the self-determination of the blood sugar concentration in a fully automatic measuring procedure can be reliably carried out even for non-professionals with a high degree of handling comfort.
• such measurements can also be made on other parts of the body, for example in the less pain-sensitive arm or abdominal area, as well as tissue fluid or mixtures thereof being suitable for sampling in addition to capillary blood from the skin.
• Fig. 3 shows a single test element 10 with a shaft-shaped elongated lancing member 14, at the distal end of a sharpened by a bevel 28 tip 30 is formed as a lancing member.
• the collecting area 16 is formed as a longitudinal slot 32 which is open on one or both sides and which as a capillary-active channel allows the transfer of a microscopic sample amount in a located outside the skin proximal measuring zone 34.
• the length of the slot 32 is dimensioned so that the measuring zone 34 remains even outside the body part even at the maximum penetration depth of the piercing member 30.
• the lateral channel opening thus advantageously extends over the length of the collecting recess 16.
• the volume of the collecting area 16 is only a few 10 nanometers.
• the different hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions can be e.g. be prepared so that Be Anlagenungsma- terials applied by pad printing and / or photochemically functionalized.
• two parallel optical fibers 18 are firmly integrated into the lancing member 14, so that the distal optical fiber ends 36, which are located at a lateral distance, project into the cross-section-extended proximal measuring zone 34 of the collecting region 16.
• the light guide or light guides at least partially limit the collection area in the body-facing, ie proximal end area. Since only a few nanoliters of blood reach this end section, a higher measurement reliability is given by the double detection by means of the parallel light guides 18. This is of particular use for the user, because he not only receives a measured value, but also a quality-securing information can be derived from the comparison of the two measured values.
• a special functionality of the light guides 18 may be that their ends 36 are designed as sensors for detecting a successful filling of the collecting recess 16.
• a signal which could be used for the variable control of the lancing movement in the sense of a successful collection procedure can be derived by a change in the refractive index during liquid contact in the final phase of blood uptake.
• a regular collection interval of, for example, 0.1 s in individual cases could be extended up to, for example, 1 s in order not to have to terminate the measurement without success.
• it is also possible that such a liquid contact is detected via integrated electrical sensors, in particular a wire electrode instead of a light guide (not shown).
• the light guides 18 may be formed by a single fiber or a fiber bundle. In this case, it is also possible to use a so-called pulled fiber whose proximal cross-section is smaller than the distal cross-section, so that a good optical connection is ensured at a coupling point.
• the distal ends 36 of the light guides 18 are coated on the face side with a reagent layer as a test field 38.
• the test chemistry as per se known enzymatic system can be fixed by polymerization on the light guide end, so that it reacts irreversibly with blood glucose with color change. By scattering particles within the chemistry system, device-side optical detection is made possible by backscattering of the measuring light irradiated via the light guides 18.
• the test element 10 is provided with a base part 40 carrying the piercing part 14.
• This may consist of plastic and be formed in a two-component injection molding process to the metal lancing part 14. It is conceivable, however also, that the lancing member 14 is also made of plastic and additionally hardened in the region of the lancing member, for example by a diamond-like carbon coating.
• the piercing element 10 is linearly guided via the base part 40 within its magazine chamber 20.
• a pierceable sealing film 42 at the ends of the magazine chamber 20 provides sterile and moisture protection.
• the drive tappet 44 penetrates the facing sealing foil and, with its tongs-shaped end 46, engages with the base part 40.
• the light guides 16 are releasably connected to an arranged in the plunger 44 interface 48, as explained in more detail below.
• the interface 48 is connected to the processing unit 27 via a flexible line 50, which can be carried along during the lancing movement, so that signal processing and evaluation can take place there.
• the lancing process itself can comprise a rapid puncture phase, a comparatively longer, if necessary somewhat withdrawn indwelling or collecting phase and a once again rapid retraction phase in a controlled movement profile. It is possible that the detection by means of the light guide 18 runs in several stages, i. that only one blood contact is detected during the collection phase, while the actual analysis takes place later in or after the retraction phase in the device 12. It is also conceivable that the blood sample located in the slot 32 is transferred to a separate test field, as described in more detail in EP Application No. 05019055.2. In this case, the optical fibers 18 would be intended solely for blood contact detection.
• Fig. 5 shows an example of an optical interface 48 for coupling the test element 10 via an optical connector, as it is known per se for example from telecommunication applications.
• an optical interface 48 for coupling the test element 10 via an optical connector, as it is known per se for example from telecommunication applications.
• an opto-electronic interface 48 can be integrated into the lancing drive.
• a light emitter two electrically controllable LED's 54 are provided, which are aligned over aperture 56 on the light guide 18 of the test element 10.
• the light receiver is formed by a photodiode 58 which is shielded against transmission-side crosstalk by means of the diaphragms 54 and to which a preamplifier 60 is arranged downstream. In this way, a robust electrical measurement signal can be transmitted to the processing unit 27 from the interface 48 that is moved during the stitching process.
• three parallel optical fibers 18 are provided for further improved decoupling between transmitting and receiving sides.
• the two outer optical fibers for the transmitted light are completely shielded by the diaphragms 56 of the receiver 58, which is thus aligned only on the outlet cross-section of the central light guide.
• the light guides 18 open into a common end piece 62, which is coated on its free end face with the test chemistry.
• the Y-shaped widening of the middle optical waveguide to the test field 38 optimizes the reception cross section for the backscattered light. It would also be conceivable to replace the light-emitting diodes 54 in the interface 48 with light guides and only on the firing side to carry out an opto-electronic conversion in the moving part.
• distal end sections of the optical waveguides 18 are oriented perpendicular to the test field 38 and this in turn perpendicular or transverse to the flow direction of the body fluid in the collecting recess 32.
• FIG. 9 shows a manufacturing technology favorable variant of the lancing part 14 in the form of a composite body.
• the light guides 18 can be used here in receiving grooves 64 of a lancet part 66.
• the lancet part 66 may be made of stainless steel sheet and then be provided at its tip 30 with the recess 32 and the measuring zone 34 extended as a breakthrough.
• FIG. 10 shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 8 with three parallel optical fibers 18, which are aligned at least at the distal end portion with their center line or optical axis perpendicular to the test field 38.
• the carrier foil 62 has a refractive index adapted to the light guides 18, ie deviating within a few percent.
• the reagent layer applied on the free front side of the carrier film 62 as test field 38 is matched to a uniform refractive index at the boundary layer to the carrier film 62.
• reaction-neutral additives for example sodium chloride
• the wetting with blood takes place via the test field surface at a defined point in time, as soon as the liquid, which has been taken up distally in the capillary channel 32, due to the capillary-active transport in the flow direction 68 frontally on that hits at least a partial cross-section of the capillary channel proximally blocking test field.
• a short flow path is sufficient, without it being necessary to pass by a lateral measuring surface.
• the optical arrangement between the middle coupling-in optical fiber and the two laterally adjacent coupling-out optical fibers is selected such that a direct reflective beam path 70 on the test field backside is possible via the carrier film 62.
• the thickness of the film 62 should correspond approximately to the center line spacing of the adjacent light guides 18.
• FIG. 11 shows a piercing element 14 with a bent-off shaft 71 which is slotted in the bent region in order to receive a carrier for the signal conductors 18.
• This can be used together with the shaft 72 in an opto-mechanical holder, wherein an optical or electrical interface 48 can be coupled. In this way two preferably superimposed planes are created, namely a first plane for the mechanical actuation of the
• Measurement signals This allows a structural simplification, especially in flat designs, for example, for the use of a disc magazine with radial ejection relatively long lancing units 14. It is also conceivable to create a double plane for a favorable coupling by an angled conductor carrier and a linear Stechschaft.

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