WO2007033614A1 - Procede de gestion de donnees dans un support de memoire flash - Google Patents

Procede de gestion de donnees dans un support de memoire flash Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007033614A1
WO2007033614A1 PCT/CN2006/002516 CN2006002516W WO2007033614A1 WO 2007033614 A1 WO2007033614 A1 WO 2007033614A1 CN 2006002516 W CN2006002516 W CN 2006002516W WO 2007033614 A1 WO2007033614 A1 WO 2007033614A1
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Prior art keywords
mapping table
address mapping
block
management method
area
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PCT/CN2006/002516
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hongbo Wan
Original Assignee
Netac Technology Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Netac Technology Co., Ltd. filed Critical Netac Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP06791105A priority Critical patent/EP1939750A4/en
Priority to US11/992,479 priority patent/US8185688B2/en
Priority to BRPI0616357-2A priority patent/BRPI0616357A2/pt
Priority to JP2008531515A priority patent/JP4832521B2/ja
Publication of WO2007033614A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007033614A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
    • G06F12/023—Free address space management
    • G06F12/0238—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
    • G06F12/0246—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/06—Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, memory dedication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • G06F12/10—Address translation
    • G06F12/1009—Address translation using page tables, e.g. page table structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a semiconductor storage medium data management method, and more particularly to a flash medium data management method. Background technique
  • flash media Due to the volatile and programmable nature of flash media, it is widely used in built-in systems such as mobile phones, PDAs, MP3s, and the like.
  • Flash media allows random access to data stored at specific locations similar to existing RAM or other volatile storage devices, disks, etc., but with different methods of correcting and deleting data. That is to say, in the case of deleting data written in a block of the initialization flash memory medium, 'delete the area containing the block.
  • a byte having a physical contiguous address is referred to as a block, which serves as a basic area for operation with respect to a flash medium.
  • a region composed of a plurality of blocks in the flash medium is physically deleted once as a basic unit.
  • a flash media contains several zones, where each zone contains several blocks. Therefore, data is accessed primarily in block units in flash media, rather than reading and writing data in bytes as in RAM.
  • the address assigned to the divided block in sequence is called a physical address, and the fictitious address of the divided block in the user's computer is called a logical address.
  • the logical address and the physical address are converted by a mapping method, and the mapping information constitutes an address mapping table.
  • the area address mapping table is frequently switched in the RAM, and a new area address mapping table is newly established every time the switch is performed; since a new area address mapping is established
  • each block in each area of the flash memory shield needs to be scanned, and then the corresponding area address mapping table is dynamically generated according to the physical address of each block. Therefore, it takes 4 for the flash medium shield to read the unit larger than the area file. For a long time, the number of flash media cannot be achieved. According to the efficient management. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a flash media data management method which can improve data reading speed.
  • the present invention provides a flash media data management method that can improve data read speed.
  • the flash media includes a plurality of memory blocks, each memory block being composed of a plurality of pages, each page including a data storage bit and a redundancy bit. Includes the following steps:
  • Data operation in the flash medium is realized by reading the area address mapping table in the spare area into the RAM to perform conversion between the logical address and the physical address.
  • the flash medium When the flash medium performs a read/write operation on the data recorded in the data block, each time it is necessary to switch to the area address mapping table of the next area, the area address mapping table stored in the corresponding spare block in the next area can be used.
  • the read operation is performed on the required data, and it is not necessary to scan for each block in the next area, and then the corresponding area address mapping table is dynamically generated according to the physical address of each block to establish a new area address mapping table.
  • the flash media When the flash media writes to the data recorded in the data block, it is necessary to generate a new region address mapping table. Similarly, in the next data operation and need to switch to the area address mapping table of the area, it is not necessary to scan for each block in the area, and then dynamically generate a corresponding area address mapping table according to the physical address of each block, The updated area address mapping table can be read out from the corresponding spare block.
  • the flash media data management method stores the area address mapping table in a spare block of the corresponding area of the flash medium, and the flash medium reads/writes the data recorded in the data block.
  • the area address mapping table stored in the spare block can be operated for the required data without scanning for each block in a certain area of the flash medium, and then according to each The physical address of the block dynamically generates a corresponding area address mapping table to establish a new area address mapping table. Therefore, the flash medium data management method can save read/write data. The time of operation, thereby enabling efficient management of flash media data.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a flash media data management method of the present invention. detailed description
  • a flash memory medium includes a plurality of memory blocks, each memory block is composed of a plurality of pages, and each page includes data storage bits and redundant bits, and a data management method flowchart thereof is as shown in FIG. Show, including the following steps:
  • the firmware controls the scanning of all the storage blocks included in each area of the flash medium, and generates an area address mapping table corresponding to each area, and all the area address mapping tables constitute an address mapping table of the entire flash medium;
  • the spare block for the storage area address mapping table described above is randomly determined, and is specified by the firmware in the firmware program, and is scanned for detecting the spare block when the device with the flash medium is powered on.
  • the flash medium performs a read/write operation on the data recorded in the data block. Whenever it is necessary to switch to the area address mapping table of the next area, the area address mapping table stored in the corresponding spare block in the next area can be used. Operate for the required data without having to scan for each block in the next zone. Then, the corresponding area address mapping table is dynamically generated according to the physical address of each block, and a new area address mapping table is established.
  • the area address mapping table of the area is changed by writing to the data of the area, the next time the data operation is performed and the area address mapping table of the area needs to be switched, it is not necessary to scan for each block in the area. And dynamically generating the corresponding area address mapping according to the physical address of each block, and the area address mapping table is changed due to the write operation. Therefore, in the technical solution of the present invention, the area address mapping table is updated by using the switching block technology, and Reduce wear on flash media. This update technology includes the following steps:
  • the address is corresponding;
  • the logical addresses are associated, and the spare block originally used to store the old area address mapping table is marked as a swap block.
  • the flash media data management method stores the area address mapping table in a spare block of a corresponding area of the flash medium, and needs to switch to the area address mapping of the next area when the flash medium performs a read/write data operation for a file whose unit is larger than a certain area.
  • the area address mapping table stored in the corresponding spare block in the next area can be operated for the required data without the area address mapping table for each memory block in the next area, therefore,
  • the flash media data management method can save time in reading/writing data operations, thereby enabling efficient management of flash media data.
  • the operating system needs to find the file name of the file and the address where the file is stored when the operating system reads each file. At this time, the operating system reads the directory and performs the level one level from the root directory. Look until you find the file name of the file and the file address. Therefore, each time the large file data operation of the switch area data comparison table is performed, the operating system searches for the first level and one level from the root directory, and dynamically generates a new area address mapping table, which is a waste of time; The medium is in the write protection state and uses the technical solution to read data operations.
  • the required data can be read according to the area address mapping table stored in the corresponding spare block in the next area, and the operating system is level 1 from the root directory.
  • searching for a directory it is not necessary to continuously generate a new area address mapping table, which can save a lot of operation time and realize efficient management of flash media data.
  • the spare block for the storage area address mapping table may also be specified; the spare block may be set in each area, or may be set elsewhere in the flash medium; the spare block may be set in the redundant bit.
  • the logo can also be identified in other ways.
  • the above technical solution may be that after the device with the flash medium is powered on, the area address mapping table is separately established for each area of the flash medium; or the area address mapping table may be established only for one or several areas, and then When the area address mapping table is switched, the corresponding area address mapping table is established, and in this way, the area address mapping table corresponding to all areas is successively established.
  • the above technical solution can also be applied to the ultra-stable technology, which can ensure the stability of the flash medium under high-speed operation, and can ensure that the original data in the flash medium is not lost even if an illegal power-off occurs.
  • the ultra-stable technology sets a status flag for redundant bits of at least one page in at least one memory block in a flash memory medium; in the process of performing data operations on the memory block by using the technical solution of the present invention, setting the status flag to Incomplete state; When the data operation process is completed, the status flag is set to the completion status.
  • the above flash media data management method can be widely applied to portable devices equipped with flash media, such as mobile storage devices, audio playback devices (such as MP3, MP4, etc.), digital cameras, calculators, game consoles, mobile phones, notebook computers, portable devices.
  • the portable device performs the flash media data management by using the embodiment of the present invention, and can achieve the effect of quickly reading/writing data and saving operation time.

Description

闪存介质数据管理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体存储介质数据管理方法， 尤其涉及一种闪存介质 数据管理方法。 背景技术
目前， 利用闪存介质的移动存储装置已大量广泛应用并逐渐取代了软盘 软驱。 由于闪存介质的易失性和可编程特性， 其被广泛地用在内置型系统中， 如移动电话、 PDA, MP3等。
闪存介质允许对存储在类似于现有 RAM或其它易失性存储设备、磁盘等 特定位置的数据进行随机访问， 但采用不同的校正和删除数据的方法。 也就 是说， 在删除写入初始化'的闪存介质的某个块中的数据的情况下， '删除包含 该块的区。 这里， 具有物理连续地址的字节被称为一块， 该块用作相对于闪 存介质进行操作的基本区。 此外， 在删除操作中， 闪存介质中由多个块组成 的区作为基本单位被一次物理性地删除。
一个闪存介质包含若干个区， 其中， 每个区又包含若干个块。 因此， 数 据在闪存介质中主要以块为单位被访问，而不是像在 RAM中那样以字节为单 位读写数据。 其中， 顺序分配给划分块的地址称为物理地址， 而用户电脑中 所具有的划分块的虚构地址称为逻辑地址。 逻辑地址与物理地址之间通过映 射的方法进行转换， 由映射信息组成地址映射表。
由于闪存介质固件资源有限， RAM容量较小， 因此， 存入 RAM中的只能 为上述完整的地址映射表的一部分， 即与某一个区相对应的地址映射表， 我 们称这部分映射表为区地址映射表， 其中， 闪存介质中的每个区均与各自的 区地址映射表相对应。 当闪存介质读取单位大于一个区的文件时， 就会频繁 地在 RAM中进行区地址映射表之间切换， 每切换一次就要重新建立新的区地 址映射表； 由于建立新的区地址映射表时， 需要针对闪存介盾各区内的每个 块进行扫描， 再根据每个块的物理地址动态生成相应的区地址映射表， 因此， 闪存介盾读取单位大于区的文件时需要花费 4艮多时间， 无法实现闪存介质数 据的高效管理。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可以提高数据读取速度的闪存介质数据管理 方法。
本发明提供一种可以提高数据读取速度的闪存介质数据管理方法， 上述 闪存介质包括多个存储块， 每个存储块由多个页构成， 每个页包括数据存储 位和冗余位， 其包括以下步骤：
1)将闪存介质的多个存储块分为两个或两个以上的区域；
2)通过扫描闪存介质各区中存储块内的逻辑地址， 生成区地址映射表；
4)通过将备用区内的区地址映射表读出至 RAM内进行逻辑地址和物理 地址之间的转换， 从而实现闪存介质内数据操作。
当闪存介质针对记录于数据块中的数据进行读 /写操作， 每当需要切换到 下一区的区地址映射表时， 根据存放于下一区相应的备用块中的区地址映射 表即可针对所需数据进行读操作， 而无需针对下一个区内的每个块进行扫描， 再根据每个块的物理地址动态生成相应的区地址映射表， 建立新的区地址映 射表。
当闪存介质针对记录于数据块中的数据进行写操作时， 需要生成新的区 区地址映射表即可。 同样， 在下次数据操作且需要切换到该区的区地址映射 表时， 无需针对该区内的每个块进行扫描， 再根据每个块的物理地址动态生 成相应的区地址映射表， 只需将更新后的区地址映射表从相应的备用块中读 出即可。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的优点为： 该闪存介质数据管理方法将区地址 映射表存放于闪存介质相应区的备用块中， 当闪存介质针对记录于数据块中 的数据进行读 /写操作需要切换区地址映射表时， 根据存放于上述备用块中的 区地址映射表即可针对所需数据进行操作， 而无需针对闪存介质某个区内的 每个块进行扫描， 再根据每个块的物理地址动态生成相应的区地址映射表， 建立新的区地址映射表， 因此， 该闪存介质数据管理方法可以节省读 /写数据 操作的时间， 从而实现闪存介质数据的高效管理。 附图说明
图 1是本发明闪存介质数据管理方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
本发明通过以下实施方式作具体说明。
在本发明的一实施方案中， 闪存介质包括多个存储块， 每个存储块由多 个页构成， 并且每个页包括数据存储位和冗余位， 其数据管理方法流程图如 图 1所示, 包括以下步驟：
1)使装有闪存介质的装置通电；
2)将闪存介质的存储块分为两个或两个以上的区域；
3)通电后， 通过固化软件控制扫描闪存介质中各个区所包含的全部存储 块， 并生成与各个区相对应的区地址映射表， 所有的区地址映射表組成整个 闪存介质的地址映射表；
5)判断是否有读 /写数据操作；
6) 当进行读 /写操作时， 判断是否需要切换到下一区的区地址映射表， 如 果不需要则直接进行数据操作； '
7)如果需要切换到下一区的区地址映射表， 则判断是否由于写操作而造 成区地址映射表改变； 如果需要改变， 则将新的区地址映射表存放于本区的 备用块中用于更新旧的区地址映射表； 如果不需要改变， 则直接将下一区中 相应的备用块内的区地址映射表读出至 RAM内，再根据 RAM内的区地址映 射表进行物理地址和逻辑地址之间的转换， 从而实现数据操作。
上述用于存放区地址映射表的备用块是随机确定的， 通过固化软件程序 用变量指定， 在装有闪存介质的装置通电时进行扫描用于检测该备用块。
闪存介质针对记录于数据块中的数据进行读 /写操作， 每当需要切换到下 一区的区地址映射表时， 根据存放于下一区中相应的备用块内的区地址映射 表即可针对所需数据进行操作， 而无需针对下一区内的每个存储块进行扫描， 再才艮据每个块的物理地址动态生成相应的区地址映射表， 建立新的区地址映 射表。
如果针对本区的数据进行写操作而造成本区的区地址映射表发生改变 同样， 在下次数据操作且需要切换到该区的区地址映射表时， 无需针对该区 内的每个块进行扫描， 再根据每个块的物理地址动态生成相应的区地址映射 由于写操作而导致区地址映射表发生改变， 因此， 在本发明技术方案中 通过交换块技术实现区地址映射表的更新， 并可以减小闪存介质的磨损。 该 更新技术包括以下步骤：
1)将生成的新区地址映射表写入交换块中；
2)将交换
辑地址对应起来；
3)
逻辑地址对应起来， 并将原来用于存放旧区地址映射表的备用块标志 为交换块。
该闪存介质数据管理方法将区地址映射表存放于闪存介质相应区的备用 块中， 当闪存介质针对单位大于某个区的文件进行读 /写数据操作而需要切换 到下一区的区地址映射表时， 根据存放于下一区中相应的备用块内的区地址 映射表即可针对所需数据进行操作， 而无需针对下一区内的每个存储块进行 的区地址映射表， 因此， 该闪存介质数据管理方法可以节省读 /写数据操作的 时间， 从而实现闪存介质数据的高效管理。
闪存介质在写保护状态下运用上述技术方案进行读数据操作时， 效果更 为明显。 因为闪存介质在写保护状态下， 操作系统读取每个文件时， 需要找 到这个文件的文件名和存放这个文件的地址， 此时， 操作系统会读取目录， 从根目录一级一级地进行寻找， 直到找到该文件的文件名和该文件地址。 因 此， 每进行一次需要切换区数据对照表的大文件数据操作时， 操作系统就会 从根目录一级一级地进行寻找， 且不断动态生成新的区地址映射表， 非常浪 费时间； 而闪存介质在写保护状态下运用上迷技术方案进行读数据操作， 每 当需要切换到下一区的区地址映射表时， 根据存放于下一区中相应的备用块 内的区地址映射表即可将所需数据读出， 操作系统从根目录一级一级地进行 寻找目录时无需不断动态生成新的区地址映射表， 可以节省大量的操作时间， 实现闪存介质数据的高效管理。
在上述技术方案中， 用于存放区地址映射表的备用块也可以是指定的； 上述备用块可以于各区内设置， 也可以于闪存介质其它地方设置； 该备用块 可以在冗余位设置特殊标志， 也可以采用其它方式进行识别。
上述技术方案可以是在装有闪存介质的装置通电后， 针对闪存介质的每 个区分别建立好区地址映射表； 也可以只针对其中某个或若干个区建立区地 址映射表， 然后在需要切换区地址映射表时再建立相应的区地址映射表， 通 过这种方式陆续建立与所有区相对应的区地址映射表。
上述技术方案还可以运用于超稳定技术中， 可以保证闪存介质在高速度 操作下的稳定性， 即使发生非法断电， 也可以保证闪存介质中的原有数据不 会丢失。 所述超稳定技术即在闪存介质中至少一个存储块内的至少一页的冗 余位设置状态标志； 在利用本发明技术方案针对上述存储块进行数据操作的 过程中， 将该状态标志设置为未完成状态; 当数据操作过程完毕后， 再将该 状态标志设置为完成状态。 通过检查上述冗余区状态标志， 即可判断出中断 发生时刻存储块的状态， 进而找出要保留的数据， 进行相应的数据恢复操作， 从而实现闪存介质数据高效、 稳定地管理。 关于超稳定技术可以参考中国发 明专利申请公开说明书， 申请号为 03104983.4。 '
上述闪存介质数据管理方法可以广泛应用于设有闪存介质的便携式装 置， 如移动存储装置、 音频播放装置（如 MP3、 MP4等） 、 数码相机、 计算 器、 游戏机、 移动电话、 笔记本电脑、 便携式打印机等， 上述便携式装置采 用本发明实施方式进行闪存介质数据管理， 可以达到快速读 /写数据、 节省操 作时间的实施效果。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种闪存介质 据管理方法， 所述闪存介质包括多个存储块，每个存 储块由多个页构成， 每个页包括数据存储位和冗余位， 其包括以下步骤：
2)通过扫描闪存介质各区中存储块内的逻辑地址， 生成区地址映射表;
Figure imgf000008_0001
转换， 实现闪存介盾内数据操作，
2.如权利要求 1所述的闪存介质数据管理方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还 包括以下步骤：
5)根据闪存介质某个或若千个区中数据块的新 辑地址，生成相应的新 的区地址映射表；
6)将新区地址映射表存放于相应区的备用块中用于更新旧区地址映射 表；
7)根据新的区地址映射表进行物理地址和逻辑地址之间的转换，实现闪 存介质内数据操作。
■
3.如权利要求 2所述的闪存介质数据管理'方法， 其特征在于， 所述区地 址映射表更新操作是通过交换块实现的， 其包括以下步骤：
1)将生成的新区地址映射表写入交换块中；
2)将交换块的物理地址与原来用于存^
地址对应起来；
Figure imgf000008_0002
辑地址对应起来，并将原 ^
4.如权利要求 1或 2所述的闪存介质数据管理方法， 其特征在于： 所述 备用块设置于闪存介质相应的各区内。
5.如权利要求 1或 2所述的闪存介质数据管理方法， 其特征在于： 所述 数据管理方法通过扫描闪存介质中至少一个区内的存储块， 生成与被扫描区 相对应的区地址映射表。
6.如权利要求 1或 2所述的闪存介质数据管理方法， 其特征在于： 所述 用于存放区地址映射表的备用块是随机确定的。
7.如权利要求 6所述的闪存介质数据管理方法， 其特征在于： 所述备用 块通过固化软件程序用变量指定。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的闪存介廣数据管理方法， 其特征在于： 所述备用 块通过在冗余位设置特殊标志进行识別。
9. 如权利要求 1或 2'所述的闪存介质数据管理方法，其特征在于：在所 迷多个存储块中的至少一个存储块至少一页的冗余位设置状态标志， 在所述 存储块中数据操作过程中， 将所述状态标志设置为未完成状态； 当所述存储 块中数据操作过程完毕后， 将所述状态标志设置为完成状态。
PCT/CN2006/002516 2005-09-25 2006-09-25 Procede de gestion de donnees dans un support de memoire flash WO2007033614A1 (fr)

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