WO2009086693A1 - 逻辑与物理地址索引转换管理方法 - Google Patents

逻辑与物理地址索引转换管理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009086693A1
WO2009086693A1 PCT/CN2008/000039 CN2008000039W WO2009086693A1 WO 2009086693 A1 WO2009086693 A1 WO 2009086693A1 CN 2008000039 W CN2008000039 W CN 2008000039W WO 2009086693 A1 WO2009086693 A1 WO 2009086693A1
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logical
section
ltp
physical address
data
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PCT/CN2008/000039
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chingyi Lin
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Fortune Spring Technology (Shenzhen) Corporation
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Priority to PCT/CN2008/000039 priority Critical patent/WO2009086693A1/zh
Publication of WO2009086693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009086693A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/0223User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
    • G06F12/023Free address space management
    • G06F12/0238Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
    • G06F12/0246Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of flash memory storage, and is particularly suitable for use in a large-capacity flash memory storage device field.
  • flash memory Due to the rapid advancement of technology, people are increasingly relying on various types of electronic products as media or tools for personal communication, memorization, entertainment, health and trading, and many have become indispensable necessities in everyone's life. At the same time, many electronic products are also moving toward miniaturization, personalization, portability and lightness. In addition to the storage media of such small electronic devices using flash memory, the storage media of other electronic devices have gradually been replaced by products made from early tapes and disk slices into power-saving and lightweight flash memory. The main advantage of flash memory is its power saving, its small size, and its storable capacity. Most of the USB storage disks, MP3 multimedia portable music players, PMP personal multimedia players and memory cards on the market currently use flash memory as a storage medium. Also because flash memory has the above advantages, market acceptance and demand are rapidly expanding.
  • the present invention proposes an architecture and management method for logical and physical address conversion in data access such as the above-described flash memory, etc., which can solve the above problem. problem.
  • the correct data to be accessed is written or read through this mechanism.
  • the logical and physical address control mechanism and method proposed by the present invention can be used in consideration of increasing capacity in the future.
  • a storage device made of a flash memory memory can store, delete, and edit files of various file formats by a portable device such as a digital camera, a digital video camera, a mobile phone, or a notebook computer.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide an architecture and method for logical and physical address translation, such as the above described flash memory storage device, when performing data access.
  • the appropriate data logical block size (data logical block is a multiple of the physical block) is determined.
  • the data block of each data is configured with the relevant data table for recording and management.
  • the data table is also recorded with a very small amount of flash memory, in order to avoid the flash memory area. If the block is damaged and the data table is damaged, the two table backup alternate update mechanism is used to make a table reconstruction reply when the single data table block is damaged.
  • This method is better for flash memory (such as MLC type flash memory) with large capacity and more error correction capability than the current use of redundant flash memory to record logical addresses and each time it is turned on. Then establish a method for the corresponding correspondence table.
  • the invention further proposes a segment index (LTP Section Index) table and a management mechanism of the logical and physical address translation table group, which can greatly increase the large-capacity flash memory without increasing the static random access memory (SRAM) in the controller. Hugh's support ability.
  • the method calculates and plans a logical and physical address translation table (LTP) group according to the total capacity of the flash memory used by the device, and defines each table to belong to The section (LTP Section) and the related data table are finally recorded in the planned Table Logical Block area.
  • LTP Section Index segment index table
  • the initial action will create a segment index table (LTP Section Index) of the logical and physical address translation table group according to the data in the logical block area of the table, and the segment index table is also It is recorded in the logical block area of the table, which simplifies management and improves performance.
  • Apply this logical and physical address translation table group segment index table (LTP Section Index) architecture and method which can greatly improve the storage media capacity under the dual advantages of low cost without sacrificing performance, without changing the architecture and design due to the increasing capacity demand.
  • Figure 2 Logical and physical address translation table N and operational diagram.
  • Figure 3 Section index table for a logical and physical address translation table group.
  • Figure 4 Using the r reorder and physical address translation table group segment index table and r logical and physical address translation table J, a flowchart for obtaining the physical address.
  • Figure 5 Flow chart for updating the r logical and physical address translation table and the sector index table of the r logical and physical address translation table group after the physical address is obtained and the data is written.
  • Figure 6 Flowchart of the update r £ and physical address translation table N and its serial number.
  • Segment index table for logical and physical address translation table groups.
  • the update record of each segment logical and physical address translation table is recorded, and the effective record address of each table of each segment conversion table index is recorded.
  • the flash memory is mainly divided into an r data area and an r table area, as shown in FIG.
  • r Data area J is the area where data is actually written or read.
  • r table area is mainly used to release various types of forms.
  • the tabular data also has the same characteristics.
  • the dual-table backup alternate update mechanism is used, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the logical address of the data is determined by the logical address of the data and the section to which the logical address conversion table belongs (LTP Section), and the section index table of the logical and physical address conversion table group is (LTP Section Index) directly indexes the logical address of the segment and the actual address recorded in the physical address translation table, as shown in Figure 3, so that data can be correctly written or read.
  • the r table area itself is also recorded using the flash memory, so the management data of the r table area has the same characteristics as the data of the r data area.
  • the actual physical location of the management data is constantly changing while the management data is constantly updated.
  • the table design uses an even number of blocks or multiples thereof, called a table logical block, the actual size. According to the needs of each storage device, the data record is written in the parity table logic block alternately. When the single table block is damaged, the serial number and related content recorded by another block can be restored and reconstructed.
  • the following is a description of the table operation and management process when writing and reading data:
  • Table operation flow When receiving the write or read data command, first determine which logical and physical address translation table section (LTP Section) the logical address of this data belongs to, and then view the static random access memory ( The logical and physical address translation table section (LTP Section) in the SRAM is the same section as the data table (LTP Section), and if so, the actual physical address corresponding to the logical address in the section (LTP Section) is directly fetched. Read and write; if otherwise, the LTP Section Index of the physical address translation table group is obtained, and the effective address of the LTP Section data in the flash memory is obtained.
  • LTP Section If the actual capacity is calculated, the number of logical and physical address translation sections (LTP Section) tables is greater than the system-preset static random access memory (SRAM M retention value (this value can also be adjusted as needed), then An index table, called a section index table (LTP Section Index) of a logical and physical address translation table group, which mainly records each logical and physical address conversion table section (LTP) Section ) The actual position in the flash memory, as shown in Figure 5.
  • SRAM M retention value this value can also be adjusted as needed
  • the method calculates and plans a logical and physical address translation table (LTP) group according to the total capacity of the flash memory used by the device, and defines each table to belong to The section (LTP Section) and the related data table are finally recorded in the planned Table Logical Block area.
  • LTP Section Index a segment index table of the logical and physical address translation table group according to the data in the logical block area of the table, and the segment index table is also It is recorded in the logical block area of the table, which simplifies management and improves performance.
  • the LTE Section Index architecture and method of applying this logical and physical address translation table group can greatly improve the storage medium capacity under the dual advantages of low cost without sacrificing performance, without The ever-increasing capacity demands are constantly changing the architecture and design.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Techniques For Improving Reliability Of Storages (AREA)
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Description

逻辑与物理地址索引转换管理方法
技术领域 本发明属于闪存记忆体存储领域, 特别适用于大容量闪存记忆体存储设备 领域。
背景技术
由于科技的日新月异, 人们越来越依赖各类型电子产品作为个人通讯、 记 事、 娱乐、 健康及交易等之媒介或工具, 且许多已成为每个人生活中不可或缺 的必需品。 于此同时, 众多电子产品亦朝向小型化、 个人化、 便携式与轻巧等 方向发展。 除此类小型电子装置的存储媒体使用闪存记忆体, 其它电子装置的 存储媒体也已经渐渐的从早期的磁带、 磁盘片转变成省电轻巧的闪存记忆体所 做成的产品所取代。 闪存记忆体最主要的优点在于省电、 具有较小的体积, 其 可存储的容量也日益增加。 目前市场上的 USB存储盘、 MP3 多媒体随身音乐 播放器、 PMP个人多媒体播放器与记忆卡等绝大部分都是以闪存记忆体作为存 储的媒介。 也因为闪存记忆体有上述的优点, 市场的接受度与需求量正快速扩 大。
由于闪存记忆体之特性, 无法在已存在数据的区块上直接覆写, 所以必须 先找到一个可用区块, 将新数据写入, 并将未改变的旧数据由原区块搬至此新 区块, 原旧区块暂时弃置, 并于适当时机再擦除成一个可用区块。 如此一来, 数据对应于闪存记忆体中的实际物理地址将不断地变动,现行闪存记忆体存储装 置的逻辑与物理地址直接线性对应转换管理机制, 将因容量快速增加导致逻辑 与物理地址管理数据或表格之大幅增加而不敷使用, 或需耗费较多闪存记忆体, 且导致性能降低, 甚至需要对应不同容量进行不断修改架构; 若欲同时顾及性 能, 则须增加控制器芯片内部之静态随机存取记忆体 (SRAM), 导致成本增加。 在闪存记忆体走向大容量且以固态硬盘角色发展的趋势下, 故本发明提出了一 种诸如上述闪存记忆体等之数据存取时关于逻辑与物理地址转换的架构与管理 方法, 可解决上述问题。 当读写数据时, 即透过此机制写入或读取欲存取之正 确数据。 随着半导体技术快速进步与使用者对闪存记忆体容量需求的快速成长, 确认本 旧有的逻辑与物理地址直接对应转换管理机制将不敷使用, 故本发明提出的逻 辑与物理地址索 ^ ]转换管理机制与方法, 可符合未来容量不断增加时使用。
发明内容 由闪存记忆体所制成的存储装置能提供数码相机、 数码摄像机、 移动电话 与笔记型计算机等可移动式装置对各种不同档案格式的档案进行存储、 删除及 编辑等动作。 本发明主要目的是提供一种诸如上述闪存记忆体存储装置在进行 数据存取时关于逻辑与物理地址转换的架构与方法。 首先依各厂家实际擦除区 块 (Erase Block)单位及本存储设备的闪存记忆体总容量决定适当的数据逻辑区 块 (Data Logical Block)大小 (数据逻辑区块为实体区块的倍数), 计算出总数据逻 辑区块数量后, 再对每一数据逻辑区块配置所需记录及管理的相关数据表, 此 类数据表亦利用极少量的闪存记忆体记录, 为避免因闪存记忆体区块损坏而导 致数据表毁损, 所以采用两个表格备份交替更新机制, 可在单一数据表区块损 坏时做表格重建回复。 此方法对于大容量及需较多字节错误修正能力的闪存记 忆体 (如 MLC型的闪存记忆体), 其处理能力优于目前利用冗余闪存记忆体去记 录逻辑地址并于每次开机时再建立相关对应表的方法。 本发明进一步提出逻辑 与物理地址转换表群的区段索引 (LTP Section Index)表及管理机制,'可不需增加 控制器内的静态随机存取记忆体 (SRAM), 可以大幅提高大容量闪存记忆休的支 持能力。
本方法于闪存记忆体存储媒体设备出厂前做先期格式化 (Preformat)时,根据 该设备所使用闪存记忆体的总容量计算及规划逻辑与物理地址转换表 (LTP)群, 并定义各表所属的区段 (LTP Section)及建立相关数据表格, 最后记录于规划好的 表格逻辑区块 (Table Logical Block)区内。先期格式化完成后,每一次实际使用时, 初始动作将 据表格逻辑区块区内的数据建立该逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区 段索引表 (LTP Section Index), 此区段索引表亦记录于表格逻辑区块区内, 如此 可简化管理提升效能。 应用此逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区段索引表 (LTP Section Index)架构及方法, 即可以在低成本又不牺牲性能的双重优势之下, 大幅 提升所管理的存储媒体容量, 不需因容量需求的日益增长而不断更改架构及设 计。
附图说明- 图 1 : 闪存记忆体使用规划示意图。
图 2: 逻辑与物理址转换表 N及运作示意图。
图 3: 逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区段索引表图。
图 4: 使用 r還辑与物理地址转换表群之区段索引表」及 r逻辑与物理地址转换 表 J, 获取物理地址的流程图。
图 5: 获取物理地址并完成数据写 后, 更新 r逻辑与物理地址转换表』.及 r逻 辑与物理地址转换表群之区段索引表」 的流程图。
图 6: 更新 r £辑与物理地址转换表 N及其序号』的流程图。
【主要组件符号说明】
100: 闪存记忆体内的表格区。
101: 闪存记忆体内的资料区。
102: 逻辑与物理地址转换表群, 各转换表记录该区段的逻辑与物理地址转换记 录及序号。
103: 逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区段索引表。 记录各区段逻辑与物理地址转换 表的更新记录, 供各区段转换表索引各表的有效记录地址。
104: 数据緩冲区。
105: 一般数据存储区。
具体实施方式
为达成上面的目的和功效, 本发明的方法以及流程利用绘图并加以详述。 本发明将闪存记忆体主要分为 r资料区』及 r表格区」等, 如图 1。 r数据 区 J为实际写入或读取数据的区域, 当收到写入或读取命令时, 会将数据写入 r资料区」或从 r资料区』读取资料。 r表格区』主要用于放輩各类表格, 以此 区内的各类表格管理 r资料 E」 的数据及记忆体状态等, 因闪存记忆体不可直 接覆写的特性, 数据的实际存储位置会随每次的数据写入不断地变动, 表格区 内的表格数据亦有同样特性, 故表格区内之表格数据本身亦需被管理, 采用双 表备份交替更新机制, 如图 2。 当接到写入或读取数据的命令时, 由此数据逻 辑地址判断此数据的逻辑与物理地址转换表所属区段 ( LTP Section ), 再由逻辑 与物理地址转换表群的区段索引表(LTP Section Index )直接索引该区段之逻辑 地址与物理地址转换表内所记录的实际地址, 如图 3, 如此即可正确写入或读 取数据。
r表格区』本身也是使用闪存记忆体来记录, 所以此 r表格区」的管理数 据与 r数据区」的资料有一样的特性, 在管理资料不断更新的同时, 其实际物 理位置亦不断变动, 为避免因 「表格区」的闪存记忆体区块损坏而导致整个存 储设备无法使用, 故表格设计采用偶数个区块或其倍数为单位, 称为表格逻辑 区块(Table Logical Block ), 实际大小依各存储设备的需要作调整, 数据记录则 以奇偶表格逻辑区块交替使用方式写入, 如此单一表格逍辑区块损坏时, 则可 由另一区块记录的序号及相关内容还原及重建。 以下是对数据写入及读取时, 表格运作及管理流程进行的说明:
表格运作流程: 当收到写入或读取数据命令时, 先判断此数据的逻辑地址 属于哪一逻辑与物理地址转换表区段(LTP Section ), 再查看此时静态随机存取 记忆体( SRAM )内的逻辑与物理地址转换表区段( LTP Section )与数据表是否 为同一个区段(LTP Section ), 若是则直接取出此区段( LTP Section ) 中该逻辑 地址对应的实际物理地址, 进行读写; 若否则依逻_辑与物理地址转换表群之区 段索引表(LTP Section Index ), 取得此区段 ( LTP Section ) 资料在闪存记忆体 中目前被放置的有效地址, 将其加载静态随 ^取记忆体(SRAM ), 再取出此 区段(LTP Section )中该逻辑地址对应的物理地址,将数据写入或读出,如图 4。 若为写入动作, 则须更新该区段的逻辑与物理地址转换表(LTP ), 此表的更新 采用奇偶表格逻辑区块交替方式写入, 每次大小以 512字节的倍数为单位, 视 实际存储设备容量而调整。 若实际容量经计算所需之逻辑与物理地址转换区段 ( LTP Section )表数量大于系统预设之静态随机存取记忆体( SRAM M呆留值(此 值亦可视需要调整), 则建立索引表, 称为逻辑与物理地址转换表群之区段索引 表( LTP Section Index ),此索引表主要记录各逻辑与物理地址各转换表区段 ( LTP Section )在闪存记忆体中的实际位置, 如图 5所示。 工业实用性
本方法于闪存记忆体存储媒体设备出厂前做先期格式化 (Preformat)时,根据 该设备所使用闪存记忆体的总容量计算及规划逻辑与物理地址转换表 (LTP)群 , 并定义各表所属的区段 (LTP Section)及建立相关数据表格, 最后记录于规划好的 表格逻辑区块 (Table Logical Block)区内。先期格式化完成后,每一次实际使用时, 初始动作将根据表格逻辑区块区内的数据建立该逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区 段索引表 (LTP Section Index), 此区段索引表亦记录于表格逻辑区块区内, 如此 可简化管理提升效能。 应用此逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区段索引表 (LTE Section Index)架构及方法, 即可以在低成本又不牺牲性能的双重优势之下, 大幅 提升所管理的存储媒体容量, 不需因容量需求的日益增长而不断更改架构及设 计。

Claims

权利要求
、 一种闪存记忆体存储装置在进行数据存取时关于逻辑与物理地址转换的架 构与方法。 具体来说是以逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区段索引 (LTP Section Index)表架构及管理机制取代传统的逻辑与物理地址线性对应的管理机制。 、 如权利要求 1所述的闪存记忆体存储装置, 其特征在于: 将闪存记忆体存储 装置的空间主要分为 r资料区」及 r表格区」等。 r资料区』为实际写入或读 取数据的区域, 其包含但不限于 r一般数据存储区」和 r数据緩冲区」。 r表 格区」主要用于放置各类表格, 以此区内的各类表格管理「资料区」的数据 及记忆体的状态等。
、 如权利要求 1所述的逻辑与物理地址转换表群的区段索引 (LTP Section lndex) 表架构,,其特征在于: 根据闪存记忆体存储设备的总容量计算及规划逻辑与 物理地址转换表 (LTP)群, 并定义各表所属的区段 (LTP Section)及建立相关数 据表格, 最后记录于规划好的表格逻辑区块 (Table Logical Block)区内。 每一 次实际使用时, 初始动作将根据表格逻辑区块区内的数据建立该逻辑与物理 地址转换表群的区段索引表 (LTP Section Index), 此区段索引表亦记录于表格 逻辑区块区内。 根据闪存记忆体存储设备的总容量计算及规划逻辑与物理地 址转换表 (LTP)群,并定义各表所属的区段 (LTP Section)及建立相关数据表格, 最后记录于规划好的表格逻辑区块 (Table Logical Block)区内。 每一次实际使 用时, 初始动作将根据表格逻辑区块区内的数据建立该逻辑与物理地址转换 表群的区段索引表 (LTP Section Index), 此区段索引表亦记录于表格逻辑区块 区内。 、 如权利要求 2所述的 r表格区 j, 其特征在于: 保存在该区内的表格包含但 不限于逻辑与物理地址转换表 (LTP), 区段索引表 (LTP Section Index)等等。 表管理机制, 其特征在于: 当收到写入或读取数据命令时, 先判断此数据的 逻辑地址属于哪一逻辑与物理地址转换表区段(LTP Section ), 再查看此时静 态随机存取记忆体 ( SRAM ) 内的逻辑与物理地址转换表区段(LTP Section ) 与数据表是否为同一个区段(LTP Section ), 若是则直接取出此区段( LTP Section ) 中该逻辑地址对应的实际物理地址, 进行读写; 若否则依逻辑与物 理地址转换表群之区段索引表( LTP Section Index ),取得此区段( LTP Section ) 资料在闪存记忆体中目前被放置的有效地址, 将其加载静态随机存取记忆体 ( SRAM ), 再取出此区段(LTP Section ) 中该逻辑地址对应的物理地址, 将 数据写入或读出。 若为写入动作, 则还须更新该区段的逻辑与物理地址转换 表( LTP )。 若实际容量经计算所需之逻辑与物理地址转换区段 ( LTP Section ) 表数量大于系统预设之静态随机存取记忆体(SRAM )保留值(此值亦可视 需要调整),则建立索引表,称为逻辑与物理地址转换表群之区段索引表(LTP Section Index ), 此索引表主要记录各逻辑与物理地址各转换表区段(LTP Section )在闪存记忆体中的实际位置。
、 如权利要求 2所述的 r表格区』, 其特征在于: 因为表格区内表格资料的重 要性, 对表格区内的资料还采用了用偶数个区块备份交替更新的机制, 单一 表格逻辑区块损坏时, 则可由另一区块记录的序号及相关内容还原及重建。 、 如权利要求 1至 6所述的以逻辑与物理地址索引转换管理方法适用于任何的 闪存记忆体.存储装置, 例如: U盘(包含但不限于 USB Pendriver 1.1/2.0 )、 Solid State Disk, PMP Player、 存储卡和 MP3 Player等。
PCT/CN2008/000039 2008-01-07 2008-01-07 逻辑与物理地址索引转换管理方法 WO2009086693A1 (zh)

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