Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
  • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
  • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
  • G06K7/10198—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves setting parameters for the interrogator, e.g. programming parameters and operating modes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/22—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose for use in combination with accessories specially adapted for information-bearing cards
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07716—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising means for customization, e.g. being arranged for personalization in batch
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
  • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
  • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
  • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
  • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
  • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
  • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
  • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
  • G06K19/07766—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
  • G06K19/07769—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the further communication means being a galvanic interface, e.g. hybrid or mixed smart cards having a contact and a non-contact interface
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
  • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electronic entity with contact communication means and remote communication means, a communication terminal with such an electronic entity as well as methods for controlling and personalizing this electronic entity.
• An electronic entity such as for example a microcircuit card, which generally includes electronic circuits capable of storing information, has means of communication with the outside, in particular for exchanging information held by the electronic entity with external devices, of the reader or terminal type.
• contact communication means are distinguished, for which a physical contact between the electronic entity and the terminal is a necessary condition for the establishment of a communication, and the means of remote communication. , thanks to which communication between the electronic entity and a reader is possible without physical contact between these two elements, with a range of the order of a few centimeters in general.
• Some electronic entities also include communication means of the two aforementioned types, in which case the "contact” and “contactless” operating modes can be organized according to the required functionalities of the apparatus for each of the communication modes, such as this is for example described in US Pat. Nos. 5,206,495 and 5,999,713.
• contactless communication means Although the use of contactless communication means is known for its practicality (because no precise positioning of the electronic entity is necessary for the exchange of information), it nevertheless has the disadvantage of risk of unwanted exchange of information, for example by establishing an unwanted communication by the user when passing near a reader. This problem is particularly sensitive when the electronic entity holds confidential information, for example in the case of an electronic passport.
• the invention proposes an electronic entity comprising contact communication means, remote communication means, characterized by means for authorizing an exchange of certain data at least through the remote communication means as a function of the prior receipt of an instruction through the contact communication means.
• the possibility of exchanging the data by the remote communication means can thus be managed via the contact link, for example by means of a terminal.
• the exchange of data concerned by the authorization is for example the emission of at least some data and / or the reception of certain data at least.
• the electronic entity also comprises means for memorizing an activation information commanded by said instruction and means for authorizing the exchange (transmission and / or reception) of said data through the means. remote communication in the presence of said activation information.
• the electronic entity may also further comprise means for inhibiting the exchange of said data through the remote communication means in the absence of said activation information.
• said means for authorizing an exchange comprise, according to a second possible embodiment, means for controlling a connection of the antenna to a microcircuit on the basis of said instruction.
• the authorization and the inhibition of the exchange are then particularly effective.
• the electronic entity is for example a microcircuit card compliant with ISO14443 and / or ISO7816.
• the invention also proposes a terminal comprising means of communication by contact with an electronic entity comprising remote communication means, characterized by means for transmitting, via the contact communication means, an instruction intended to condition an exchange of data. some data at least through the means of remote communication.
• Such a terminal can manage the exchange authorization by the remote communication means of the electronic entity.
• the exchange concerned by the authorization may be a transmission and / or a reception of data.
• Such a terminal may be portable: it may especially be an ad hoc mobile terminal that manages the exchange authorization by the remote communication means of the electronic entity.
• the invention furthermore proposes a method for controlling an electronic entity comprising contact communication means and contactless communication means, characterized by the following steps:
• an exchange step (transmission and / or reception) of said data through the remote communication means is for example conditioned by said authorization.
• the authorization is implemented by setting a predetermined value of an activation information and said conditioned transmission step comprises the following steps:
• the method may also include a step of setting the activation information to a value complementary to the predetermined value at a given instant.
• the method comprises a step of inhibiting the exchange of said data at a given instant.
• the determined time may correspond to the receipt of an end of communication command by the remote communication means, which allows the instruction to allow only one communication.
• the determined time can be determined by a delay, which limits the duration of the authorization in time.
• the determined time can be reached after receiving a predetermined number of commands via the remote communication means, which limits the possibilities of use of the authorization.
• the determined time may correspond to the completion of a step of initializing the communication.
• the invention finally proposes a method of personalization of an electronic entity comprising contactless communication means characterized by a step of writing an activation information intended to condition the exchange of certain data at least through the means remote communication.
• Said activation information may also be modified upon receipt of an instruction through contact communication means of the electronic entity, it is for example a secure instruction.
• This method may further comprise a step of writing a configuration information representative of the conditions for modifying the activation information. It is thus possible to configure the electronic entity with regard to the possibilities of using the remote communication means during personalization as a function of its subsequent use, without this implying any modifications of the circuits used.
• FIG. 1 represents a first example of an electronic entity according to the teachings of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a logic diagram illustrating the general operation of the electronic entity of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 represents a second example of an electronic entity according to the teachings of the invention
• FIG. 4 represents a possible example of a physical constitution of the electronic entity of FIG. 3;
• FIG. 5 is a logic diagram describing a first part of the operation of the electronic entity of FIG. 3;
• FIG. 6 is a logic diagram illustrating a second part of the operation of the electronic entity of FIG. 3.
• the example of an electronic entity represented in FIG. 1 comprises a microcircuit 2 (for example a secure microcontroller as conventionally used in smart cards) able to communicate with other electronic devices by means of a part of contacts 4, each contact being connected to a terminal of the microcircuit, and secondly, by means of a magnetic antenna 6, formed for example by the winding of a plurality of turns.
• a microcircuit 2 for example a secure microcontroller as conventionally used in smart cards
• a magnetic antenna 6 formed for example by the winding of a plurality of turns.
• the magnetic antenna 6 is connected to two terminals of the microcircuit with the interposition of a switch K controlled by a control terminal CMD of the microcircuit 2.
• the microcircuit can control the connection from the antenna 6 to the microcircuit 2, and thereby allow or inhibit the use of the remote communication means of which this antenna 6 is part.
• the electronic entity is electrically powered only when it is connected by its contact communication means (set of contacts 4) to an external device of the terminal type, which provides an electrical connection with each of the contacts 4 and thus allows in particular the power supply of the electronic entity.
• the electric switch K is for example such that it is open in the absence of power supply (and in particular for example in the absence of signal on the terminal CMD), so that the remote communication means including the antenna 6 can not be used until the electronic entity is connected (by means of the contacts 4) to the terminal which provides its power in the present embodiment, the electronic entity is not intended to operate solely on the basis of remote power supplied by the antenna 6.
• the general operating diagram of the electronic entity of FIG. 1 therefore starts when this electronic entity is connected to a terminal (via the contacts 4), which causes the initialization of the communication between the electronic entity (c). that is to say the microcircuit 2) and the terminal (for example microcircuit-type means in this terminal), as represented in step E2 in FIG. 2.
• a control of the switch K is carried out so that it is in the open position, which makes it possible to inhibit contactless communication as explained above.
• the control of the opening of the switch K is performed by the microcircuit 2 by placing the CMD terminal at the potential which causes the opening of the switch K, for example a potential representing a logic level 0.
• the electronic entity can then have a normal operation in "contacts" mode, during which, for example, data is exchanged between the electronic entity and the terminal to which it is connected (step E4).
• the electronic entity may in particular receive an instruction allowing communication in contactless mode, as represented in step E6.
• Such an instruction is for example a particular operation code when the microcircuit 2 of the electronic entity is controlled in its operation by such codes received from the terminal.
• it may be a piece of data (such as, for example, a secret code entered by the user on the terminal) whose accuracy will be interpreted by the microcircuit 2 as an instruction authorizing the communication in "contactless" mode.
• the microcircuit controls in step E8 the closing of the switch K (for example by passing the CMD terminal to a potential corresponding to the logic level 1); thus, the antenna 6 is connected at both ends to the microcircuit 2, which makes it possible for the electronic entity to communicate with an external device through this antenna 6, that is to say through the communication means. without touching.
• the closing of the switch K will last until the end of a communication via the contactless communication means.
• the contactless communication could only be authorized for a predetermined duration (delay at the end of which the potential on the terminal CMD returns to the logic level 0).
• Other variants are also conceivable as explained in connection with the second embodiment.
• the electronic entity receives an "end of transaction” instruction, such as for example the "DESELECT” instruction defined according to the ISO1443-4 standard, as represented in step E14.
• an "end of transaction” instruction such as for example the "DESELECT” instruction defined according to the ISO1443-4 standard, as represented in step E14.
• the microcircuit 2 controls the opening of the switch K (by putting in the example described here at a logic level 0 the terminal CMD), which causes the inhibition of the contactless communication because the antenna 6 is no longer connected to the microcircuit 2, as shown in step E16.
• the inhibition of the contactless communication could alternatively intervene under other conditions, such as a certain duration from the authorization of this communication, the output of the electronic entity from the reader's field, or other, as also mentioned below.
• step E4 The operation then resumes in step E4 by managing the "contacts" mode.
• a reader operating remotely must communicate with the electronic entity even though it is also connected to a terminal operating by contact.
• It may be for example a microcircuit card inserted into a suitable terminal of a vehicle during the passage thereof under a gantry provided with a reader operating remotely.
• the exchange of data between the electronic entity and the remote reader may thus be subject to particular conditions managed by the contact terminal. placed in the vehicle, such as for example the entry of a secret code by the user on this terminal or a steering wheel switch.
• FIG. 3 represents the main elements of an electronic entity according to this second embodiment: this electronic entity comprises a microcircuit 12 (for example a microprocessor) which can be connected to an external device of the terminal type by means of contacts 14 in order to establish a contact-type communication between the electronic entity and this terminal
• the electronic entity also comprises an antenna 16 connected at each of its ends to a corresponding terminal of the microcircuit 12 (without the provision of interrupting the links between the antenna 16 and the microcircuit 12 unlike the first embodiment described above)
• the antenna 16 is part of remote communication means of the electronic entity.
• a rewritable memory 18 (for example a non-volatile memory of the erasable and electronically programmable memory type, generally referred to by the acronym EEPROM) is also connected to the microcircuit 12.
• the microcircuit 12 can be fed through the contact connection (via at least one of the contacts 14) or, independently of this first power supply possibility, by a remote power supply use the magnetic antenna 16 (and this contrary to the first mode realization).
• the use of the "contactless" communication mode will therefore not be conditioned by the simultaneous use of the contact link (through the contacts 14).
• the electronic entity can therefore be powered either by the contact connection or by remote power supply, which gives rise to two main modes of operation described respectively in Figures 5 and 6; simultaneous power supply by contact power and remote power supply is naturally possible without calling into question the operating principles of the two modes described above.
• the method illustrated in FIG. 5 is implemented under the control of the microcircuit 12 (for example programmed by means of instructions stored in memory).
• a configuration information that indicates (for example in the form of access rights to the file in which the activation bit is stored) to what extent use of the remote communication means of the electronic entity may be authorized via the contact link, ie for example:
• control program of the electronic entity can however in this case condition the program to the input of a secret code as described more low;
• the microcircuit can receive from the terminal an activation instruction of the contactless communication, that is to say a datum (or more generally information) which aims to control the authorization of operation in "contactless” mode through the antenna 16, as explained with reference to the Figure 6 (step E20).
• an activation instruction of the contactless communication that is to say a datum (or more generally information) which aims to control the authorization of operation in "contactless” mode through the antenna 16, as explained with reference to the Figure 6 (step E20).
• a code provided by the user (for example by means of a keyboard) to the terminal is transmitted in association with the activation instruction so that the authorization of the operating mode
• contactless is effective only in the presence of the correct code provided by the user, that is to say a predetermined code and stored (possibly in protected form) in the rewritable memory 18 associated with the microcircuit 12
• the microcircuit 12 After receiving the activation instruction accompanied by the code provided by the user, the microcircuit 12 proceeds to a verification step E22 the accuracy of the code provided, that is to say in practice of comparison of the code provided to the code stored in the electronic entity as already mentioned.
• the authorization of a contactless communication becomes effective by setting the activation bit mentioned in step E24 to 1, which means that the electronic entity has actually received activation information of the correct contactless communication.
• step E20 if the code provided by the user is transmitted to the electronic entity with the activation instruction in step E20 is not the code stored by it, proceed to step E26 to setting the activation bit to 0 in rewritable memory 18, which means that it is considered then that no valid activation information has been received.
• the activation bit is modified for example by an instruction of the "UPDATE BINARY” type (defined by the ISO7816-4 standard) after selecting the file containing this activation bit by a command of the "SELECT" type. .
• step E26 is not necessary since it does not change the value of the bit a priori. activation.
• the reception of an incorrect code could lead to other consequences, such as for example the transmission of an error message from the card to the terminal via the contacts 14.
• the electronic entity Upon entry of the electronic entity in the reader's field (step E30), the electronic entity is remote powered (which can be seen as a detection of the reader by the electronic entity) and the microcircuit 12 begins its operation in "non-contact" mode 1.
• the microcircuit 12 proceeds to read in the rewritable memory 18 of the activation bit (step E32), it can then proceed to step E34 to a verification of the value of the activation bit (which, as already indicated, is indicative of activation information of the contactless communication).
• step E36 is terminated at contactless communication, of which only the first steps will have been realized without this implying an exchange of data.
• the activation bit stored in the rewritable memory 18 is at the value 1 (that is to say that it is in the presence of a piece of information). activation), it proceeds to the continuation of the implementation of the contactless communication, namely first to an initialization of the contactless connection protocol in step E38 (for example according to ISO14443-4 in order to 'get to the execution level of the Half-Duplex Block Transmission Protocol).
• step E38 for example according to ISO14443-4 in order to 'get to the execution level of the Half-Duplex Block Transmission Protocol.
• the activation bit in rewritable memory 18 is set to 0, as represented by step E40 in FIG. of step E40 after the initialization of the protocol makes it possible to ensure that the electronic entity will not be authorized to establish a new contactless communication after having left the reader's field (except to receive a new activation instruction at medium of the contact bond).
• setting the activation bit to 0 (that is, inhibiting the establishment of a new contactless communication) could take place under other conditions, such as for example a delay with respect to the moment of reception of the activation instruction (or possibly with respect to the establishment of the contactless link), the execution of a predetermined number of instructions by the microcircuit 12 (or APDU "Application Protocol Data Unit” commands) or the receipt of an end-of-transaction message (as was the case in the first embodiment).
• the activation bit is not reset to 0 during operation in contactless mode, but rather to reception of a deactivation instruction in "contact" mode.
• a deactivation instruction could also be provided even for the case where the activation bit is reset to zero during non-contact operation (as for example described in FIG. 6).
• step E42 a data exchange is carried out according to the contactless protocol at a step E42.
• the data exchange of the step E42 is completed, for example by the output of the electronic entity of the reader's field, or alternatively on receiving it from a command terminating the contactless communication, the activation bit having been reset to 0 by the step E40, a new iteration of the steps E30 to E34 by the return of the electronic entity in the reader's field will lead to a failure of the communication without contact by going to step E36.
• the activation bit (used as an indicator of the prior receipt of a valid activation instruction) conditions all the data exchanges in contactless mode.
• this activation bit conditions only the exchange of certain particular data of the electronic entity, whereas other data could be freely communicated by the electronic entity when it passes close to a remote reader, even if no specific instructions have been received by the prior contact link.
• the electronic entity when the electronic entity is an electronic identification document, provision can be made for certain data present on the document (such as the name of the person concerned) to be communicated without first requiring the activation of a particular authorization, whereas that the transmission of other data (for example, confidential information of the biometric data type - fingerprint, iris or facial image) can only be issued by the electronic entity via the contactless link provided that the entity electronics has previously received a valid activation instruction in this direction by means of the contact link.
• certain data present on the document such as the name of the person concerned
• other data for example, confidential information of the biometric data type - fingerprint, iris or facial image
• the presence of activation information ie the value 1 of the activation bit
• the presence of activation information will not condition the establishment of the contactless link itself, but some steps of issue of confidential data.
• the activation instruction only corresponds to the authorization to transmit these data once, that is to say that the activation bit would then be reset to 0 immediately. after the transmission of confidential data.
• the activation information can be used to condition the reception of data via the contactless link. It is thus possible to avoid for example an identification code being presented to the electronic entity via the contactless link by a malicious third party, without the knowledge of the authorized carrier of the electronic entity, at the risk for example of blocking the electronic identity. electronic entity following the presentation of several false codes by this third party.
• the data concerned by the exchange authorization are not necessarily limited to the application data of the electronic entity (that is to say in particular the data carried by the electronic entity in its support function of information), but may also include data of other types, such as data for establishing a communication protocol.

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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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• Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
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• 2006
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  • 2006-07-24 EP EP06778905.7A patent/EP1907993B2/fr active Active
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• 2015
  • 2015-05-11 US US14/708,514 patent/US9600697B2/en active Active
• 2017
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