WO2006129885A1 - 水素製造装置、それを用いた燃料電池発電装置、電気自動車、潜水船及び水素供給システム - Google Patents
水素製造装置、それを用いた燃料電池発電装置、電気自動車、潜水船及び水素供給システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006129885A1 WO2006129885A1 PCT/JP2006/311565 JP2006311565W WO2006129885A1 WO 2006129885 A1 WO2006129885 A1 WO 2006129885A1 JP 2006311565 W JP2006311565 W JP 2006311565W WO 2006129885 A1 WO2006129885 A1 WO 2006129885A1
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- production apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
- C01B2203/041—In-situ membrane purification during hydrogen production
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0475—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
- C01B2203/107—Platinum catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
- C01B2203/1223—Methanol
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- Hydrogen production equipment fuel cell power generation equipment using the same, electric vehicles, submersibles and hydrogen supply systems
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen production apparatus for producing a gas containing hydrogen by decomposing a fuel containing organic matter at a low temperature, a fuel cell power generation apparatus using the hydrogen production apparatus, an electric vehicle, a submersible, and a hydrogen supply system. is there. Background art
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3328993
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 3360349
- Patent Document 3 US Pat. No. 6,299,744, US Pat. No. 6,368,492, US Pat. No. 6,432,284, US Pat. No. 6,533,91 No. 9, US Patent Publication 2003Z0226763
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 200 1-297779
- Patent Document 1 states that “a pair of electrodes is provided on both opposing surfaces of a cation exchange membrane, and a fuel containing at least methanol and water is brought into contact with an electrode including a catalyst provided on one side, and the pair of electrodes is contacted. By applying a voltage to the electrode and extracting electrons from the electrode, a reaction for generating hydrogen ions from the methanol and water is allowed to proceed on the electrode, and the generated hydrogen ions are converted into the cation exchange membrane.
- a hydrogen generation method characterized in that an electrode provided on the other side of a pair of opposed surfaces is converted into hydrogen molecules by supplying electrons.
- (Claim 1) For electrode By supplying water or steam together with methanol, which is the fuel, and applying a voltage to extract electrons from the fuel electrode through an external circuit, the fuel electrode
- the invention described in Patent Document 3 is a counter electrode in which the proton produced at the anode 11 12 serving as the fuel electrode passes through the diaphragm 110. Hydrogen is generated by the force sword 1 14, but the anode is used as the anode (fuel electrode) by applying a voltage from a DC power source 120 with the fuel electrode as the anode and the counter electrode as the force sword. In addition, hydrogen is generated on the opposite side of the fuel electrode and does not supply oxidant to the opposite electrode. Different.
- Patent Document 4 describes that in a fuel cell system, a hydrogen generating electrode for generating hydrogen is provided (Claim 1).
- “Porous electrode (fuel electrode) 1 has alcohol and water.
- air is supplied to the gas diffusion electrode (oxidant electrode) 2 on the opposite side, and a load is connected between the terminal of the porous electrode 1 and the terminal of the gas diffusion electrode 2, An electrical connection is established such that a positive potential is applied to the porous electrode 1 through the load from the gas diffusion electrode 2 which is the positive electrode of ME A 2 having the function of a fuel cell.
- Carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen ions are generated by the reaction, and the generated hydrogen ions are generated as hydrogen gas at the central gas diffusion electrode 6 via the electrolyte layer 5.
- a voltage is applied by using a reactor equipped with a diaphragm in which an anode (electrode A) and a cathode (electrode B) are formed through a proton conductive membrane (ion conductor), or applied.
- the invention of a method for oxidizing alcohol (methanol) without taking out electric energy or taking out electric energy is also known (see Patent Documents 5 and 6). In either case, the alcohol is oxidized using an electrochemical cell. It is related to the process (products are carbonic acid diester, formalin, methyl formate, dimethoxymethane, etc.), and is not a process that generates hydrogen as a reduction product from the viewpoint of alcohol.
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-6-73582 (Claims 1 to 3, paragraph [0050])
- Patent Document 6 JP-A-6-73583 (Claims 1, 8, paragraphs [0006], [0019])
- Non-patent documents 1 and 2 show that the reaction of 2 + 6H + +6 e—, the reaction of 6 H + + 6 e ⁇ ⁇ 3 H 2 occurs at the fuel electrode, and hydrogen is generated from the fuel electrode side.
- Non-Patent Document 1 states that “the generation of hydrogen not only reduces the power output in an operating cell, but also consumes fuel continuously in an open circuit, so DMFC ⁇ It is important to keep supplying oxygen to the power sword sufficiently and consistently during both operation and standby '', and the paper of Non-Patent Document 2 also has ⁇ a large ME A area '' For DMF C, hydrogen caused by system shirt down and start-up Because they concluded that it is necessary to pay attention to the accumulation "Both, it not intended to production of hydrogen.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8 (1) A52-A54 (2005)
- Non-Patent Document 2 Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8 (4) A211-A214 (2005)
- a power generation device power supply device
- this fuel cell power generation device is used as a mobile power source or an on-site power source, its transportation and installation work is facilitated.
- a package type fuel cell power generation device is used in which each device constituting the power generation device is integrated and accommodated in a single metal package.
- a fuel reformer for reforming into a fuel mainly composed of hydrogen is a single package.
- the package (unit case) is related to the fuel cell main body, a power conversion device that converts DC power generated in the fuel cell into a power output specification, a control device that performs overall control, and a fuel cell.
- Auxiliary equipment such as a pump and a fan provided is incorporated (for example, see Patent Documents 7 to 11). '
- Patent Document 7 JP-A-5-290868
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-284 105
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-1 7059 1
- Patent Document 10 JP 2003-21 7635
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-297409
- a fuel reformer usually consists of a reformer, a CO converter, and a C0 remover. Each of these devices is filled with a predetermined catalyst, and these catalysts all operate at high temperatures. To heat. For this reason, a reformer is equipped with a panner, and at the time of start-up, the raw fuel is burned by this panner, and the temperature of the catalyst in the reformer is raised to about 650-700 ° C. As the reformer temperature rises, the temperature of the CO converter and the CO remover catalyst also gradually rises. However, the reformed gas at startup is unstable, so it is not immediately supplied to the fuel cell. It is sent to the PG burner and burned (Patent Document 1 paragraph 1 [0003]).
- the control device since the control device is composed of many electronic components, it must be protected from the high heat generated by the fuel reformer. For this reason, a technology that provides a heat insulating partition between the fuel reformer and the control device as in Patent Documents 7 and 9, and a package ⁇ that is forcibly ventilated with a blower or ventilation fan as in Patent Documents 7 and 8 Technologies for cooling the devices and the like, and technologies for arranging the control devices so as not to be affected by the heat of the fuel reformer as in Patent Documents 10 and 11 have been developed. . As described above, when a conventional fuel reformer is used, there is a problem that various measures must be taken to prevent the thermal effect.
- Patent Documents As a package type fuel cell power generation device that does not use a high-temperature fuel reformer, a device in which a hydrogen storage alloy-filled cylinder (hydrogen storage cylinder) and a fuel cell are integrated is known (for example, Patent Documents). 1 2 and 1 3).
- Patent Document 12 JP-A-6-60894
- Patent Document 13 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-92456
- the fuel cell power generators of Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not require means for preventing thermal effects as in the case of using a conventional fuel reformer, but the hydrogen of the hydrogen storage alloy Since the release process is an endothermic reaction, the temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy decreases when supplying hydrogen fuel, and the hydrogen release capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy decreases as the temperature decreases. It is necessary to heat the hydrogen storage alloy by guiding the heat generated in the fuel cell main body to the hydrogen storage cylinder, and because it uses a cylinder, power generation time is limited. There was a problem.
- Patent Document 15 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 200 1-1 1 3960
- Patent Document 16 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-202980
- Patent Document 17 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-29.8807
- Non-Patent Document 3 “Development and Practical Use of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells” 1 144 1 to 16 6 1 May 28, 999, published by Japan Society for Technology Information
- the above-described hydrogen supply system has problems such as an expensive reformer, a large equipment size, complicated equipment maintenance and operation, and high technology. .
- Patent Document 1 8 JP 2002-3 1 51 1 1
- Patent Document 1 9 JP 2002-33 7999 A
- Patent Document 20 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-1 1 8548
- Patent Document 21 JP 2004-79262 A
- Patent Document 2 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 20 02-1 6 1 9 98
- Patent Document 23 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 20 0 2-36 3 7 7 9
- Patent Document 24 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-10: 00 990
- Patent Document 25 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-1444 32 7
- Patent Document 2 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-1860 1855
- Patent Document 2 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-187575
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-8-1 74 5 6 Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention solves the above problems, and provides a hydrogen production apparatus capable of producing a gas containing hydrogen at a low temperature, and a fuel cell power generation apparatus, an electric vehicle using the hydrogen production apparatus
- the challenge is to provide a submarine and a hydrogen supply system.
- the present invention employs the following means.
- a hydrogen production apparatus for decomposing a fuel containing organic matter to produce a gas containing hydrogen, a diaphragm, a fuel electrode provided on one surface of the diaphragm, and supplying a fuel containing organic matter and water to the fuel electrode Means, an oxidation electrode provided on the other surface of the diaphragm, a means for supplying an oxidant to the oxidation electrode, a means for generating and extracting a gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode side, and on the oxidation electrode side.
- a hydrogen production apparatus characterized in that a region where the supply of the oxidizing agent is insufficient is provided.
- the open circuit having no means for taking out electric energy from the hydrogen production cell constituting the hydrogen production apparatus and means for applying electric energy from the outside to the hydrogen production cell.
- (1) to (1 3) The hydrogen production apparatus according to any one of the above. .
- the hydrogen production apparatus according to any one of (1) to (13), further comprising means for taking out electric energy to the outside using the fuel electrode as a negative electrode and the oxidation electrode as a positive electrode.
- the organic substance supplied to the fuel electrode is one or two or more organic substances selected from the group consisting of alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, and ether. ) Any one hydrogen production apparatus.
- a fuel cell is connected to the hydrogen production apparatus according to any one of (1) to (29), and electric energy supplied to an auxiliary machine for operating the hydrogen production apparatus is supplied to the fuel production apparatus.
- a hydrogen production apparatus obtained from a fuel cell.
- the hydrogen production apparatus according to any one of (1) to (30) is connected to a fuel cell, and a gas containing hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production apparatus is supplied to the fuel cell.
- Fuel cell power generator is connected to a fuel cell, and a gas containing hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production apparatus is supplied to the fuel cell.
- a fuel cell power generation device is a fuel cell, the hydrogen production device that produces a gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell, and a power conversion device that converts DC power generated by the fuel cell into predetermined power (3)
- the fuel cell power generator according to (31) characterized in that at least a control device for controlling the entire power generation device is built in the package.
- a hydrogen production apparatus that is an open circuit that does not have means for taking out electric energy from the hydrogen production cell and means for applying electric energy from the outside to the hydrogen production cell, and the oxidation using the fuel electrode as a negative electrode Selected from the group of a hydrogen production apparatus having means for taking out electrical energy from the electrode with the electrode as the positive electrode and a hydrogen production apparatus having means for applying electric energy from the outside with the fuel electrode as the cathode and the oxidation electrode as the anode
- the fuel cell power generator according to any one of (31) to (33), wherein two or more hydrogen production apparatuses are used in combination.
- the oxidant supplied to the oxidation electrode of the hydrogen production apparatus is exhausted air discharged from the fuel cell or another hydrogen production apparatus or a gas containing unreacted oxygen (oxygen off gas).
- the fuel cell power generator according to any one of (3 1) to (34).
- the term “providing a region where the supply of the oxidant is insufficient on the oxidation electrode side” in (1) means that the oxidation reaction is suppressed on the oxidation electrode side so that a hydrogen generation reaction occurs.
- the gas diffusion layer of the oxidation electrode is oxidized to the gas diffusion layer of the oxidation electrode by making the gas diffusion layer of the oxidation electrode non-homogeneous by means such as forming densely, combining materials of different materials, or forming irregularities.
- the area where the supply of the agent is insufficient is directly provided (see (3) above), but is not limited to this, and only in the gas diffusion layer of the fuel electrode as described in (5) above. Indirectly in a region where the supply of oxidant is insufficient on the oxidation electrode side by means such as masking It includes a case which is provided to.
- the masking shape strips and spots can be adopted as described in (7) and (8), and as the masking material, resin can be adopted as in (9).
- the means for masking impregnation, coating, and screen printing can be employed as described in (9) and (10) above, but the shape, material, and means of masking are not limited to these. Any shape, material, and means are included as long as the region where the supply of the oxidizing agent is insufficient can be formed on the pole side.
- “Do not use an oxidation electrode separator provided with a flow channel for flowing an oxidant” means that an oxidant (air) as found in a conventional direct methanol fuel cell is used.
- the hydrogen production apparatus according to the above (1), (14) to (16) has means for supplying fuel and an oxidant to the hydrogen production cell.
- electric energy is supplied to the hydrogen production cell. It has electrolytic means for applying.
- from the hydrogen production cell It is an open circuit type that does not have a discharge control means for taking out the energy and an electrolysis means for applying electric energy to the hydrogen production cell.
- the hydrogen production apparatus (1) includes the hydrogen production apparatuses (1 4) to (1 6).
- the basic structure of the hydrogen production cell constituting the hydrogen production apparatus is that a fuel electrode is provided on one surface of the diaphragm, a structure for supplying fuel to the fuel electrode, and an oxidation electrode is provided on the other surface of the diaphragm. And a structure for supplying an oxidizing agent to the oxidation electrode.
- the electric vehicle is not limited to a vehicle that obtains the driving force of the vehicle with only the fuel cell, but includes a hybrid car that uses other power sources in combination.
- the invention's effect is not limited to a vehicle that obtains the driving force of the vehicle with only the fuel cell, but includes a hybrid car that uses other power sources in combination.
- the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention can reform the fuel at a temperature much lower than the conventional reforming temperature of room temperature to 10 ° C. or less, and therefore requires less energy for reforming. Not only can the time required for start-up be shortened, but also a fuel cell power generation device using the hydrogen production device, an electric vehicle and submarine equipped with the fuel cell power generation device, and a hydrogen supply system using the hydrogen production device. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the need for a heat insulating material for shutting off the heat generated by the reformer, and to easily supply the gas containing hydrogen generated from the hydrogen production device to the fuel cell without cooling. It has the effect of being able to.
- nitrogen in the air is not mixed in the gas containing hydrogen, or the amount is very small, and it does not contain CO, so a gas with a relatively high hydrogen concentration can be obtained and a co removal step is not required. The effect that it is.
- the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention can generate hydrogen without supplying electric energy from the outside to the hydrogen production cell. Hydrogen can be generated even if it is provided or provided with means for applying electric energy from the outside.
- the electrical energy can be used effectively.
- the hydrogen production apparatus can be made compact. This has the effect of reducing the costs of hydrogen production equipment, fuel cell power generation equipment, electric vehicles, submersibles, and hydrogen supply systems.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the reaction in the discharge region of the fuel electrode and the air electrode of the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the reaction in the hydrogen generation region of the fuel electrode and air electrode of the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the total reaction at the fuel electrode and air electrode of the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of MEA in which a mask is provided on a part of the surface of the air electrode used in the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of MEA in which a mask is provided on a part of the surface of the fuel electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an MEA in which a mask is provided on part of the surface of the fuel electrode and the air electrode so as to face the same position.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an MEA in which a mask is provided on a part of the surface of the fuel electrode and the air electrode so as not to face the opposite positions.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an example of MEA in which a mask is provided on a part of the surface of the fuel electrode and the air electrode so as to be shifted by half so that only a part of the mask faces.
- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the width, spacing, and number of masks provided on part of the surface of the fuel electrode and air electrode.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of the fuel cell power generator of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the hydrogen production apparatus and the fuel cell in the fuel cell power generator of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a system flow of the fuel cell system in the electric vehicle of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a system flow of the fuel cell system in the submarine according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a system flow of the hydrogen supply system of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing M EA used in the hydrogen production cell of the example of the present invention.
- Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the gas diffusion layer of the air electrode is made non-uniform by combining different materials.
- Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the gas diffusion layer of the air electrode is made non-uniform by the combination of density.
- Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the gas diffusion layer of the air electrode is made uneven by surface irregularities.
- Fuel tank 2 1 Fuel adjustment tank 22 Voltage regulator
- Fuel cell 3 Solid polymer electrolyte membrane 32 Hydrogen electrode
- Air electrode 35 Flow path for supplying air to the air electrode 34-
- the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention is fundamentally novel, and what will be described below is merely one embodiment, and the present invention is not limited thereby.
- the present inventors use a cell having the same structure as a conventional direct methanol fuel cell to decompose a fuel containing organic matter and produce a gas containing hydrogen (Japanese Patent Application No. 200).
- a hydrogen production apparatus for decomposing a fuel containing organic matter and producing a gas containing hydrogen comprises: a diaphragm; a fuel electrode provided on one surface of the diaphragm; and supplying a fuel containing organic matter and water to the fuel electrode.
- the hydrogen generation reaction mechanism in the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention is estimated as follows.
- discharge region In the region where the supply of oxidant (oxygen) provided on the oxidation electrode (air electrode) side is sufficient (hereinafter referred to as “discharge region”), the following discharge reaction in a normal fuel cell,
- reaction (A) occurs on the fuel electrode side
- reaction (B) occurs on the air electrode side.
- open circuit condition j e- generated by the reactions (A) and (D) passes through the external circuit. Therefore, the H + and e- generated by the reaction (A) at the fuel electrode move to the air electrode, and the H + and e-fuel electrode generated by the (D) reaction at the air electrode. Transfer The movement is apparently counteracted.
- H + and e- produced by the reaction (A) in the discharge region on the fuel electrode side move to the hydrogen generation region on the same fuel electrode side, and the reaction (C)
- hydrogen is generated.
- H + and e- produced by the reaction (D) in the hydrogen generation region on the air electrode side move to the same discharge region on the air electrode side, and the reaction (B) Presumed to be awake.
- discharge condition In the case of), hydrogen is considered to be generated by a mechanism similar to the hydrogen generation mechanism under open circuit conditions. However, unlike in the case of open circuit conditions, it is necessary to maintain the electrical neutral conditions of the entire cell by moving H + corresponding to the discharge current from the fuel electrode to the air electrode.
- the reaction (A) is likely to proceed faster (more) than the reaction (D) at the air electrode than the reaction (D).
- the invention according to claim 16 of the present application “having means for applying electric energy from the outside with the fuel electrode as a force sword and the oxidation electrode as an anode” Hydrogen production apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “charging conditions”)
- Charging conditions Hydrogen production apparatus
- hydrogen is thought to be generated by a mechanism similar to that of hydrogen generation under open circuit conditions.
- it is necessary to maintain the electrical neutral conditions of the entire cell by moving H + corresponding to the electrolysis current from the air electrode to the fuel electrode.
- the reaction (C) proceeds faster than the reaction (D) than the reaction (B) at the air electrode.
- ME A membrane-electrode assembly
- the method for producing the MEA as shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 is not limited, but the fuel electrode (12), which consists of the fuel electrode catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer, the air electrode catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer, are used.
- the air electrode (14) to be formed can be manufactured by a method similar to the conventional method in which both sides of the diaphragm (11) are joined by hot pressing.
- a mask is formed on a part of the gas diffusion layer (ME A gas diffusion layer) of the air electrode as shown in FIG. (14M) is preferably provided (masking is performed).
- hydrogen is not generated when a mask is provided in part of the gas diffusion layer of the fuel electrode (12) and air electrode (14) so as to face the same position.
- a hydrogen generation region is formed by providing a mask (14M) in a part of the gas diffusion layer of the air electrode (14), but a mask is formed in the corresponding region of the fuel electrode (12).
- (1 2M) is provided, so it is thought that methanol does not diffuse for the reaction of (D), and hydrogen generation reaction (C) does not occur.
- masks (1 2 M) and (14 M) are applied to parts of the gas diffusion layers of the fuel electrode (1 2) and air electrode (1 4), and masks (1 2 M), ( If only a part of (14 M) is placed half-way away, a discharge region (1) and a hydrogen generation region (2) are formed, and a discharge reaction occurs in the region (1). Since the hydrogen generation reaction occurs in the region (2), hydrogen is generated.
- the shape of the masking is not limited, it can be formed in a strip shape as shown in FIG. Masking may be performed in spots.
- the amount of gas containing hydrogen can be adjusted by appropriately setting the width, interval, number, etc., of the strip-shaped masks, the size, number, etc. of the speckled masks.
- the masking material an epoxy resin or the like can be used.
- the gas diffusion layer can be simply impregnated, applied, screen-printed, and a sticker is applied.
- the gas diffusion layer may be formed densely, the gas diffusion layer may be combined with different materials, or irregularities may be formed on the surface of the gas diffusion layer.
- the electrode gas diffusion layer By making the electrode gas diffusion layer non-uniform, a region where the supply of the oxidizing agent is insufficient can be provided on the oxidation electrode side.
- a proton conductive solid electrolyte membrane used as a polymer electrolyte membrane in a fuel cell can be used.
- a perfluorinated carbon sulfonic acid membrane having a sulfonic acid group such as a DuPont naphth ion membrane is preferred.
- the fuel electrode and the oxidation electrode are preferably electrodes having conductivity and catalytic activity.
- a catalyst and PTFE resin supported on a carrier made of carbon powder or the like in a gas diffusion layer can be prepared by applying and drying a catalyst paste containing a binder such as a naphthoion solution and a substance for imparting ionic conductivity.
- the gas diffusion layer is preferably made of carbon paper that has been subjected to water repellent treatment. Any fuel electrode catalyst can be used, but a catalyst in which a platinum-ruthenium alloy is supported on carbon powder is preferable.
- Any air electrode catalyst can be used, but a catalyst in which platinum is supported on carbon powder is preferred.
- the amount of gas containing hydrogen tends to depend on the voltage between the fuel electrode and the oxidation electrode (air electrode). Therefore, the open circuit conditions, discharge conditions, and charge conditions In either case, the amount of gas containing hydrogen can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage (open circuit voltage or operating voltage) between the fuel electrode and the oxidation electrode (air electrode).
- the open circuit voltage or operating voltage and the amount of gas containing Z or hydrogen can be adjusted by adjusting the supply of oxidant (air, oxygen, etc.), adjusting the concentration of oxidant, and organic matter. It can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of fuel containing fuel and adjusting the concentration of fuel containing organic matter.
- the electrical energy extracted to the outside in the case of discharge conditions, adjust the electrical energy extracted to the outside (by adjusting the current extracted to the outside, and by using a power source capable of constant voltage control, a so-called potentiostat.
- adjust the electrical energy to be applied by adjusting the voltage to be taken outside) (adjusting the applied current, and furthermore, a power source capable of constant voltage control, so-called potentiometer)
- the operating voltage and the amount of gas containing Z or hydrogen can be adjusted.
- the fuel containing the organic matter can be decomposed at 100 ° C. or lower, so that the operating temperature of the hydrogen production apparatus can be reduced to 100 ° C. or lower.
- the operating temperature is preferably 30 to 90 ° C. Operating temperature from 30 to 90 ° C By adjusting within this range, as shown in the following examples, the open circuit voltage or the operating voltage and / or the amount of gas containing hydrogen can be adjusted.
- the present invention is advantageous in this respect because it is necessary to separately use a means for separating hydrogen.
- the present invention operates the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention at a temperature slightly exceeding 10 ° C. It is not a denial of making it happen.
- the fuel containing organic matter may be a liquid or gaseous fuel that passes through a Proton conductive membrane and is oxidized electrochemically to produce Proton, such as methanol, Liquid fuels containing alcohols such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, 2-propanol, aldehydes such as formaldehyde, carboxylic acids such as formic acid, and ethers such as jetyl ether are preferred. Since fuel containing organic matter is supplied together with water, a solution containing alcohol and water, and an aqueous solution containing methanol is preferred. Note that the aqueous solution containing methanol as an example of the fuel described above is a solution containing at least methanol and water, and the concentration thereof can be arbitrarily selected in a region where a gas containing hydrogen is generated.
- a gas or liquid oxidant can be used.
- a gas containing oxygen or oxygen is preferable.
- the oxygen concentration of the gas containing oxygen is
- a liquid containing hydrogen peroxide is preferred as the liquid oxidant.
- the fuel input to the hydrogen production apparatus is consumed once in the apparatus and decomposed into hydrogen is low, it is possible to increase the conversion rate to hydrogen by providing a fuel circulation means. preferable.
- the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention includes means for extracting a gas containing hydrogen from the fuel electrode side and recovers hydrogen, but it is also preferable to recover carbon dioxide.
- a carbon dioxide absorber that absorbs carbon dioxide contained in a gas containing hydrogen can be provided by a simple means. it can.
- the basic configuration of the fuel cell power generation device of the present invention is to supply hydrogen and an oxidizing agent to generate power by supplying the fuel cell (30) and the fuel cell (30).
- Hydrogen production cell that produces hydrogen-containing gas (10)
- power converter (36) that converts DC power generated by the fuel cell (30) into predetermined power
- a control device that controls the entire power generator ( 3)
- the auxiliary equipment such as the fuel pump (16), air blower (17), etc. is built in at least the package (38).
- the hydrogen production cell (10) constituting the hydrogen production device is operated at a low temperature. Therefore, unlike the conventional fuel reformer, the control device (37) is provided. It can be placed near the hydrogen production cell (10). In addition, it is possible to eliminate the need for a heat insulating material for protecting the control device (37) from the heat generated by the hydrogen production cell (10).
- the fuel tank (20) and fuel adjustment tank (2 1) are built in the package.
- fuel methanol aqueous solution
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated from the hydrogen production cell (10) can be directly supplied to the fuel cell (30), but a hydrogen tank (24) for storing the hydrogen-containing gas is provided. 24) It is preferable to supply to the fuel cell (30). Furthermore, it is preferable to provide a gas-liquid separator (23) for separating the gas containing hydrogen and the unreacted methanol aqueous solution, and to circulate the unreacted methanol aqueous solution to the hydrogen production cell (10). In addition, a gas-liquid separator (27) may be provided to separate the generated water and the unreacted aqueous methanol solution from the exhaust air.
- the hydrogen production apparatus used in the fuel cell power generation apparatus of the present invention has a hydrogen production cell (10) and an auxiliary machine for operating the hydrogen production apparatus.
- the structure of the hydrogen production cell (1 0) has a fuel electrode (1 2) on one side of the diaphragm (1 1), and supplies fuel (methanol aqueous solution) containing organic matter and water to the fuel electrode (1 2).
- a fuel pump (16) that supplies methanol aqueous solution to the fuel electrode (12) is installed as an auxiliary machine for operating the hydrogen production system.
- the flow path (1 3) in the fuel electrode is connected by a conduit via a fuel pump (1 6) and a flow rate adjusting valve (1 8).
- Fuel (1 0 0% methanol) is stored in the fuel tank (2 0), transferred from there to the fuel adjustment tank (2 1), mixed with water in the fuel adjustment tank (2 1), for example, It is adjusted to about 3% methanol aqueous solution and supplied to the fuel electrode (12).
- an air blower (1 7) can be installed as an accessory to supply air directly to the oxidation electrode (1 4).
- the fuel cell (3 0) is connected by the air blower (1 7). Air is supplied to the fuel and unreacted air (exhaust air) discharged from the fuel cell (30) is used.
- this exhaust air or oxygen off-gas has a temperature (about 80 ° C) that is almost the same as the operating temperature of the fuel cell (30), the heat of the exhaust air or oxygen off-gas is converted into a hydrogen production cell (10 ) Can be used as a heat source for heating.
- Fuel pumps (16) and air blowers (1) which are auxiliary equipment for operating hydrogen production equipment
- an independent hydrogen production system can be constructed.
- a fuel cell As a fuel cell, a fuel cell (30) can be used, and a part of electric energy obtained from the fuel cell (30) can be supplied to an auxiliary machine for operating the hydrogen production apparatus.
- a direct methanol fuel cell may be provided to supply electric energy obtained from the fuel cell.
- the amount of gas containing hydrogen is determined by providing a voltage regulator (22) that monitors the voltage (open circuit voltage or operating voltage) of the hydrogen production cell (10). In addition, it can be adjusted by controlling the electric energy to be taken out or applied.
- the generated hydrogen-containing gas is passed through a gas-liquid separator (23) and separated into hydrogen-containing gas and unreacted aqueous methanol solution, and the hydrogen-containing gas is stored in a hydrogen tank (24).
- Part or all of the separated unreacted aqueous methanol solution is circulated back to the fuel conditioning tank (2 1) via the conduit (25).
- water may be supplied from outside the system.
- Part or all of the separated product water and unreacted aqueous methanol solution are returned to the fuel conditioning tank (21) through the conduit (29) and circulated.
- the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen tank (24) is supplied to the hydrogen electrode (32) of the fuel cell (30) via the flow control valve (26), and the air probe (34) is supplied with the air profile ( Air is supplied from the flow control valve (19) from 1 7), and the reaction of formula [1] occurs on the hydrogen electrode side, and the reaction of formula [2] occurs on the air electrode side.
- the reaction of Equation [3] occurs, water (steam) is generated, and electricity (DC power) is generated.
- any fuel can be used as long as the fuel is hydrogen, but a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) capable of operating at a low temperature of 100 ° C or lower is preferable.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of well-known single cells are stacked can be employed.
- One unit cell consists of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (3 1) such as naphthion (trademark of DuPont), a hydrogen electrode (32) and an air electrode (34), which are diffusion electrodes sandwiching it from both sides, and both from both sides. Equipped with two separators etc. to sandwich.
- Concavities and convexities are formed on both sides of the separator, and gas flow paths (33), (35) in the single cell are formed between the sandwiched hydrogen electrode and air electrode.
- gas flow paths (33), (35) in the single cell are formed between the sandwiched hydrogen electrode and air electrode.
- the supplied hydrogen gas is on the other hand, the gas flow path in the single cell (35) formed with the air electrode (35). ) Each has air.
- the power generation of the fuel cell (30) involves heat generation.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell PEF C
- the polymer electrolyte membrane exhibits proton conductivity in a water-containing state. Therefore, the polymer electrolyte membrane dries with the heat generation of the fuel cell, and the water content is reduced. If it decreases, the internal resistance of the fuel cell increases and the power generation capacity decreases. Therefore, in order to prevent the polymer electrolyte membrane from drying, it is necessary to cool the fuel cell and maintain it at an appropriate operating temperature (about 80 ° C).
- the hydrogen production apparatus has higher hydrogen generation efficiency at higher temperatures. Therefore, the heat generation of this fuel cell is used for heating the hydrogen production apparatus by providing heat exchange means. Is preferred.
- the hydrogen production apparatus used in the present invention uses organic matter and water.
- a gas containing hydrogen is taken out from the fuel electrode side that supplies fuel containing methanol (such as aqueous methanol solution). Since hydrogen is humidified, it is possible to dispense with a humidifier.
- the gas containing hydrogen generated from the hydrogen production cell (10) is not as hot as the reformed gas produced by the conventional reformer, it must be supplied to the fuel cell (30) without cooling. Can do.
- the DC power generated by the fuel cell (30) is introduced into the power converter (36), boosted by the DCZDC converter, or converted to AC power by the DCZAC inverter and output.
- the DC power stabilized by the auxiliary converter is used as a drive power source for auxiliary equipment such as fuel pumps (16) and air blowers (17).
- the AC power is used as a drive power source for household electrical equipment. Used.
- control device (37) consists of a voltage regulator for the hydrogen production cell (10) (22), a fuel cell (30), a power converter (36), a fuel pump (16), air Controls the operation of auxiliary equipment such as blowers (1 7).
- the fuel cell power generator as described above can be installed in electric vehicles and submersibles.
- the basic configuration of the electric vehicle of the present invention includes: a fuel cell that generates power by supplying hydrogen and an oxidant; a hydrogen production device that produces a gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell; And a motor driven by electricity generated by the fuel cell.
- Fig. 12 shows the system flow of the fuel cell system in the electric vehicle of the present invention. An example is shown.
- the basic configuration of the submarine of the present invention includes a fuel cell that supplies hydrogen and an oxidant to generate power, a hydrogen production apparatus that produces a gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel cell, and the fuel And a propulsion device driven by electricity generated by the battery.
- Fig. 13 shows an example of the system flow of the fuel cell system in the submarine of the present invention.
- the hydrogen production cell (10) constituting the hydrogen production apparatus is operated at a low temperature. Therefore, unlike the conventional fuel reformer, the control device (3 7) can be arranged near the hydrogen production cell (1 0). Further, a heat insulating material for protecting the control device (37) from the heat generated by the hydrogen production cell (10) can be eliminated.
- the fuel tank (2 0) and fuel adjustment tank (2 1) are mounted on electric vehicles and submersibles, but without these, fuel (methanol aqueous solution) is supplied from the outside.
- fuel methanol aqueous solution
- only the fuel adjustment tank (2 1) may be mounted on an electric vehicle or submersible.
- the DC power generated in the fuel cell is converted into AC power by the DCZAC inverter as described above, supplied to the motor that is the power source of the electric vehicle, and the motor is driven.
- the generated torque is transmitted to the axle by gears to drive the wheels and drive the car.
- a well-known means including a motor and a propeller for propulsion mounted on a rotating shaft of the motor can be employed.
- the DC power generated in the fuel cell is converted to AC power by the DC ZA C inverter as described above, supplied to the motor that is the power source of the submersible, and the motor is driven, and is supplied to the rotating shaft of the motor.
- the propeller for propulsion installed is driven to rotate.
- the electricity generated by the fuel cell is also supplied to the sonars, projectors, and observation equipment.
- an electric energy storage device Electricity generated in the fuel cell is supplied to the motor and the electric energy storage device according to the load of the motor and the amount of electricity stored in the electric energy storage device by using the control device. Specifically, for example, during acceleration, when the motor load is large, electricity from the fuel cell and the electrical energy storage device is supplied to the motor. When decelerating or braking, the regenerative power obtained from the motor is supplied to the electric energy storage device.
- the electric energy storage device for example, a secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, or the like can be used.
- a hydrogen supply system can be configured by connecting the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention to a hydrogen storage means, and supplying a gas containing hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production apparatus to the hydrogen storage means.
- the basic configuration of the hydrogen supply system of the present invention is as follows.
- the hydrogen storage means is a hydrogen storage container mounted on an electric vehicle (fuel cell vehicle)
- hydrogen supply means for supplying hydrogen to the hydrogen storage container
- a hydrogen production apparatus for producing a gas containing hydrogen to be supplied to the supply means.
- Figure 14 shows an example of the system flow of the hydrogen supply system of the present invention.
- the hydrogen supply means for supplying hydrogen to the hydrogen storage container mounted on the fuel cell vehicle includes, for example, a hydrogen booster, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and a hydrogen dispenser.
- a hydrogen compression pump As a hydrogen booster, a hydrogen compression pump is generally used, but any device capable of boosting hydrogen can be used.
- the hydrogen gas pressure at the outlet of the hydrogen pressure booster is desirably high from the viewpoint of volumetric efficiency, preferably 50 atmospheres (5 MPa) or more, more preferably 100 atmospheres (l OMPa) or more, Further, it is preferably 20 atm (20 MPa) or more. Further, the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is practically preferably not more than 100 atm (l O O M Pa).
- a hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen after the hydrogen pressurization step.
- the form of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is not particularly limited as long as it can withstand the pressurized hydrogen, and a known one can be applied, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank stores the high-pressure hydrogen gas as it is.
- high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks with built-in hydrogen storage alloys are also acceptable.
- Hydrogen gas is led from a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to a hydrogen dispenser. It is also possible to lead the hydrogen booster outlet gas directly to the hydrogen dispenser without passing through the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. In that case, install a pipe connecting the hydrogen booster and the hydrogen dispenser.
- the hydrogen dispenser supplies hydrogen gas to a hydrogen storage container of a fuel cell vehicle using hydrogen as a fuel, and a known dispenser can be used.
- the hydrogen storage container may be a hydrogen storage container that is still mounted on the fuel cell vehicle. If this container is removable from the fuel cell vehicle, the hydrogen storage container may be removed from the fuel cell vehicle. It may be a hydrogen storage container.
- examples (hydrogen production examples) of the present invention will be shown.
- the ratios of the catalyst, PTFE, naphthion, etc., the thickness of the catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer, electrolyte membrane, etc. can be appropriately changed. It is not limited by.
- Example 1 Example 1
- a hydrogen production cell was prepared as follows.
- DuPont's Proton conductive electrolyte membrane (Nafion 115) was used as the electrolyte, and carbon paper (Toray) was immersed in a 5% polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion in the air electrode.
- a gas diffusion layer with an air electrode catalyst was formed.
- the weight ratio of the air electrode catalyst, PTFE, and Nafion was set to 65%: 15%: 20%.
- the catalyst amount of the air electrode thus prepared was 1 mg / cm 2 in terms of platinum.
- the water-repellent treatment of the carbon paper was performed, and on one side, a fuel electrode catalyst (platinum ruthenium-supported carbon: made by Tanaka Kikinzoku) and PTFE fine powder 5
- a fuel electrode catalyst paste prepared by mixing% Nafion solution was applied to form a gas diffusion layer with a fuel electrode catalyst.
- the weight ratio of the fuel electrode catalyst, PTFE, and naphthion was 55%: 15%: 30%.
- the catalyst amount of the fuel electrode produced in this way was 1 mgZ cm 2 in terms of platinum-ruthenium.
- the above electrolyte membrane, gas diffusion layer with gas electrode catalyst, and gas diffusion layer with fuel electrode catalyst were joined by hot pressing at 140 ° C. and 10 MPa to produce ME A.
- the effective electrode area of MEA produced in this way was 60.8 cm 2 (80 mm long and 76 mm wide).
- the thicknesses of the catalyst layer of the air electrode and fuel electrode after fabrication, and the gas diffusion layers of the air electrode and fuel electrode were approximately the same at about 30 wm and 170 m, respectively.
- the outline of the prepared ME A is shown in Fig. 15.
- the ME A prepared in this way is air-guided to the air electrode side.
- the air electrode-side end plate with the inlet and the air discharge port is arranged via silicon rubber, and the fuel inlet and fuel are connected to the fuel electrode side.
- a fuel electrode side end plate provided with a discharge port is arranged via silicon rubber, stacked and sandwiched so that fuel is supplied to the surface of the fuel electrode so that air is supplied to the surface of the air electrode.
- a space was provided.
- silicon rubber packing was provided around the fuel and air electrodes. In order to measure the potential of each electrode, a stainless steel foil in contact with the electrode was inserted between the packing and MEA. .
- the hydrogen production cell produced in this way is installed in a hot air circulation type electric furnace, the cell temperature (operating temperature) is 50 ° C, and the air is supplied to the air electrode at a flow rate of 10 to 5 Om, A 1 M aqueous methanol solution (fuel) was flowed to the fuel electrode side at a flow rate of 5. Oml, and the voltage difference between the fuel electrode and the air electrode (open voltage) and the amount of gas generated on the fuel electrode side were measured. .
- the rate of hydrogen generation (hydrogen generation amount) tends to depend on the open circuit voltage.
- a hydrogen production cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gas production amount was generated on the fuel electrode side in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a strip mask with a width of 5 mm is applied to the fuel electrode at intervals of 5 mm.
- a hydrogen production cell was prepared in the same way as in Example 1 except that 8 were installed in the air electrode and 6 so as not to face the opposite position, and the amount of gas generated on the fuel electrode side as in Example 1. Was measured.
- a hydrogen production cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using MEA produced in a separate outlet, and the amount of gas generated on the fuel electrode side was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the hydrogen generation rate (hydrogen generation amount) tended to depend on the open circuit voltage, and it was found that hydrogen was generated at an open circuit voltage of 400 to 60 OmV. The peak of the hydrogen production rate was observed around 47 O mV.
- Example By applying epoxy resin on the gas diffusion layers of the MEA fuel electrode and air electrode, as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, eight strip masks with a width of 5 mm are provided at intervals of 5 mm.
- Example except that only half of the A hydrogen production cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, and the amount of gas generated on the fuel electrode side was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the air diffusion layer of the air electrode is made non-uniform by a combination of different materials, and an area where air supply is insufficient is provided on the air electrode side. Show.
- Fig. 16 shows a polyimide sheet (air barrier layer) with a width of 10 mm and carbon paper (air permeable layer: gas diffusion layer with an air electrode catalyst) with a width of 10 mm on the air electrode side of the electrolyte membrane. .. Uh, alternately, and at the fuel electrode side of the electrolyte membrane, carbon paper (gas diffusion layer with fuel electrode catalyst) is placed and hot pressed at 14 O :, 1 OMPa
- An MEA was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the bonding was performed by The thickness of the polyimide sheet was 1 30 ⁇ m before and after pressing, the thickness of the carbon paper was 2 80 ⁇ ⁇ before pressing, and 1 65 ⁇ m after pressing (the polyimide sheet was original even after pressing). Back to). The thicknesses of the air electrode and fuel electrode catalyst layers after pressing were 30 ⁇ ⁇ , respectively.
- a hydrogen production cell was constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 using the ME cell thus produced.
- the amount of gas generated on the fuel electrode side was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7.
- the gas diffusion layer of the air electrode is made non-uniform by a combination of density and an area where air supply is insufficient is provided on the air electrode side.
- a thin force cylinder with a width of 1 Omm and a thickness of 190 m • (Gas diffusion layer with air electrode catalyst) and a thick force cylinder with a width of 1 Omm and a thickness of 335 m Par (gas diffusion layer with air electrode catalyst) are arranged alternately, and a thin carbon paper (gas diffusion layer with fuel electrode catalyst) with a thickness of 190 ⁇ m is placed on the fuel electrode side of the electrolyte membrane.
- a ME A was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that bonding was performed by hot pressing (simultaneous pressing) at 1.40 ° C and the same pressing pressure (l OMP a).
- the thickness before and after pressing of the bonbon paper is 1 90 ⁇ —1 6 5 ⁇ , 335 ⁇ m ⁇ 185 m, which is almost the same thickness. It is a bonbon paper that is a combination of sparse and dense (thin carbon paper "> sparse, thick bonbon paper ⁇ > dense) as shown in Fig. 7. Air electrode and fuel electrode after pressing Each of the catalyst layers had a thickness of about 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 8 Using the ME A thus prepared, a hydrogen production cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The amount of gas generated on the fuel electrode side was measured using the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the flow rate of air flowing to the air electrode side was set to the range of 10 to 9 Om 1 min. . The results are shown in Table 8.
- a thin carbon paper (gas diffusion layer with air electrode catalyst) with a width of 1 Omm and thickness of 1900 m is arranged with a gap of 1 Omm, and on the fuel electrode side of the electrolyte membrane, A thin carbon paper (gas diffusion layer with a fuel electrode catalyst) with a thickness of 1900 m is placed on the entire surface, hot-pressed with a press pressure of 140 ° C and 1 OMPa, and then thick in a gap of 1 Omm.
- 335 m thick carbon paper (gas diffusion layer with air electrode catalyst) is lined up and bonded by hot pressing with a press pressure of 140 ° C and 1 OMPa (two-stage pressing). The MEA was produced.
- the thickness of the carbon paper, which is the gas diffusion layer of the air electrode, before and after pressing is 1 90 ⁇ m ⁇ 140 m, 335 ⁇ m ⁇ 21 5 ⁇ m. This is a carbon paper with a rough surface (thin carbon paper "> concave, thick carbon paper ⁇ convex).
- the thickness of the air electrode and fuel electrode catalyst layers after pressing is About 30 m.
- Example 9 Using the MEA produced in this way, a hydrogen production cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the flow rate of air flowing to the air electrode side was in the range of 10 to 9 O m 1 Z. Using the same conditions as in Example 1, the amount of gas generated on the fuel electrode side was measured. The results are shown in Table 9.
- the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention is capable of producing a gas containing hydrogen by decomposing a fuel containing organic matter at 10 ° C. or less. Can be supplied.
- the fuel cell power generation apparatus using the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention does not require any special means for protecting the control device incorporated in the package from the heat generated by the hydrogen production apparatus.
- the overall heat generation including the device is small, it is extremely advantageous when used as an electric power source or submersible when used as a mobile power source or on-site power source.
- hydrogen can be easily supplied to a hydrogen storage container mounted on an electric vehicle (fuel cell vehicle) and a hydrogen storage tank for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell vehicle.
- hydrogen storage means is provided so that hydrogen can be easily supplied to a processing place.
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Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/921,471 US8523964B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2006-06-02 | Hydrogen generating device as well as fuel cell power generating device, electric automobile, sumbergible ship and hydrogen supply system using the same |
CN2006800193629A CN101189182B (zh) | 2005-06-03 | 2006-06-02 | 氢制造装置、使用其的燃料电池发电装置、电动汽车、潜水艇及氢供给系统 |
EP06747241.5A EP1892215B1 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2006-06-02 | Hydrogen production apparatus, and making use of the same, fuel cell power generator, electric vehicle, submersible ship and hydrogen supply system |
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JP2005164145 | 2005-06-03 | ||
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JP2006089998A JP5403198B2 (ja) | 2005-06-03 | 2006-03-29 | 水素製造装置、それを用いた燃料電池発電装置、電気自動車、潜水船及び水素供給システム |
JP2006-089998 | 2006-03-29 |
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US (1) | US8523964B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1892215B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5403198B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101189182B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006129885A1 (ja) |
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JP2009007647A (ja) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 有機ハイドライド製造装置、及び、それを用いた分散電源と自動車 |
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JP4894385B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-21 | 2012-03-14 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | パッシブ型水素製造装置及びそれを用いたパッケージ型燃料電池発電装置 |
DE102010049794A1 (de) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Diehl Aerospace Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Energie und die Verwendung eines Stoffgemisches zur Erzeugung von Energie |
TW201300575A (zh) * | 2011-06-23 | 2013-01-01 | Univ Nat Pingtung Sci & Tech | 製氫裝置 |
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DE102015215939B4 (de) * | 2015-08-20 | 2021-02-04 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung und zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US10364006B2 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-07-30 | Raytheon Company | Modified CO2 cycle for long endurance unmanned underwater vehicles and resultant chirp acoustic capability |
CN107839522A (zh) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-27 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种汽车动力系统 |
CO2017012602A1 (es) | 2017-12-07 | 2018-02-20 | Castro Juan Jose Lozada | Reactor que produce hidrógeno a partir de la reducción de los iones hidronio presentes en el equilibrio químico del agua y por la oxidación de las moléculas orgánicas presentes en excrementos |
CN110592607A (zh) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-12-20 | 国电新能源技术研究院有限公司 | 一种有机物直接燃料电池与电解制氢耦合的系统 |
US11658323B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-05-23 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Method for making a hydrogen fuel cell gas diffusion layer having tailored porosity |
WO2021203021A1 (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2021-10-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Programmable nanolithography mask |
CN115871909A (zh) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-31 | 世能氢电科技有限公司 | 一种产氢产电产纳米材料的动力系统 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101189182A (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
CN101189182B (zh) | 2011-07-27 |
EP1892215B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP1892215A4 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
EP1892215A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
JP2007008800A (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
US20090123801A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
US8523964B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
JP5403198B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
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