WO2006122410A1 - Electrode et procede de soudage - Google Patents

Electrode et procede de soudage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006122410A1
WO2006122410A1 PCT/CA2006/000799 CA2006000799W WO2006122410A1 WO 2006122410 A1 WO2006122410 A1 WO 2006122410A1 CA 2006000799 W CA2006000799 W CA 2006000799W WO 2006122410 A1 WO2006122410 A1 WO 2006122410A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
electrode
coating
welding
welding electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2006/000799
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nigel Scotchmer
Original Assignee
Huys Industries Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huys Industries Limited filed Critical Huys Industries Limited
Priority to CN2006800004985A priority Critical patent/CN101018642B/zh
Priority to EP06741511A priority patent/EP1881880A4/fr
Publication of WO2006122410A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006122410A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B23K11/3009—Pressure electrodes
    • B23K11/3018—Cooled pressure electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0272—Rods, electrodes, wires with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/325—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with layers graded in composition or in physical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/341—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one carbide layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of welding electrodes.
  • Welding electrodes may be used in electric resistance welding. Resistance welding techniques are widely used in industry, an example of one such use being the spot welding of car bodies.
  • a welding gun fitted with a pair of co-operating electrodes may be moved in steps along a weld path. At each step, the electrodes are closed onto opposite sides of the workpieces to be welded and an electric current is passed between the electrodes.
  • the electrical resistance presented at the interface between the workpieces may tend to cause local heating to occur, with the result that the workpieces fuse locally to form a weld nugget.
  • the electrodes are then removed from the workpieces. On a production line basis, these steps are performed in rapid sequence and are repeated at each successive weld location.
  • the electrodes may most typically be made of copper, or of a copper alloy, having relatively low electrical resistance and high current flow between the electrodes. As may be expected, the electrodes may tend to be come hot during use.
  • the elevated temperature may be associated with a number of phenomena tending to shorten electrode life or to degrade welding performance, or both. First, the electrodes may tend to "pick up", or stick, to the workpiece with the result that sparking and weld separation may occur as the electrodes are removed. Second, the elevated temperatures may be such as to soften the copper electrodes, making them more prone to deformation under the applied contact pressure during welding. Such deformation may include plastic flow of the tip of the electrode, tending to make the tip flat, or squat, and tending to increase the contact area of the welding tip. This phenomenon may be referred to as "mushrooming". An increase in contact area may tend to lead either to a cooler weld (due to reduced current density), and perhaps an incomplete weld, or to higher welding current, or a combination of the two.
  • the welding electrodes in question may frequently be used to spot weld galvanized steel sheet in the manufacture of automobiles, at welding temperatures the zinc from the galvanized sheet may tend to migrate into the copper of the welding electrode, this tendency being greatest at the contact region of the electrode. This may tend, undesirably, to cause the formation of brass alloys at the electrode tip, and may tend to shorten tip life.
  • the electrode tip it may be desirable to keep the electrode tip cool, and to discourage interaction between the material of the electrode tip and the material of the object to be welded or the coatings of the objects to be welded. It may be desirable to form a coating at the electrode tip to discourage migration of zinc, and to discourage plastic deformation.
  • These coatings may be relatively thin - suggested as being of the order of a thousandth, or a few thousandths of an inch for a titanium carbide coating in one reference, and of the order of 5000 Angstroms for a ceramic coating in another reference.
  • a coating is formed at the electrode tip, it may be that the life of the electrode may tend to be extended if the coating has relatively few openings or defects through which zinc can migrate, and, in the view of the present inventor, it may be desirable to discourage or delay the formation of cracks or gaps in the coating.
  • a coating on an electrode tip may tend to degrade under the impact when the welding heads are closed onto the workpiece, in consequence of the heating, and in consequence of the chemical environment.
  • the coating may be worn away, or may become cracked, and the electrode may approach the end of its useful life.
  • the present inventor is of the view that the longer some or all of a coating can remain in place on the electrode tip, and the greater the proportion of the electrode tip that may remain coated, the longer the life of the electrode may be in service.
  • a welding electrode having a hollow body.
  • the welding electrode is formed of a predominantly copper based material.
  • the welding electrode has a first end for engagement with an electrode holder. The first end is open to the admission and exhaust of cooling fluid to and from said hollow body.
  • the electrode has a second end having a welding tip for engagement with an object to be welded.
  • the hollow body has an array of chambers formed therein. The chambers extend away from the entrance toward the welding tip.
  • the electrode has webs formed therewithin between adjacent pairs of chambers.
  • the electrode has a predominantly titanium coating formed thereon.
  • that coating has first and second layers.
  • the first and second layers are composed predominantly of titanium carbide, and the second layer has a higher weight percentage of titanium carbide than does the first layer.
  • the first layer has a higher weight percentage of titanium carbide than does the second layer.
  • the welding electrode has a hollow shank and the shank permits the introduction of a cooling fluid therein.
  • the electrode has cooling finwork therewithin.
  • at least a portion of the electrode is formed of a dispersion hardened copper alloy.
  • second layer is composed of a material having poorer adhesion to copper than the first layer.
  • the first layer is formed by depositing a material that is predominantly Nickel on a predominantly copper welding cap body material.
  • the first layer is an underlay layer formed by depositing a material that is at least 5 wt% Molybdenum on a predominantly copper welding cap body.
  • the first layer is an underlay layer formed by depositing a material that is at least 5 wt% Tungsten on a predominantly copper welding cap body.
  • the body is composed predominantly of copper, and the coating includes a layer that is one of - A -
  • a process of manufacturing a welding electrode includes providing a formed blank, the formed blank being made of a material that is predominantly copper, and having a shank for seating in an electrode holder.
  • the formed blank has a head having a contact region for placement against a workpiece to be welded.
  • the process includes forming a main bore in the shank, and forming a plurality of sub-chambers in the head, said sub-chambers being in fluid communication with said main bore.
  • the step of obtaining includes the step of obtaining a blank having internal fins formed therewithin.
  • the step of forming the first layer is preceded by the step of cleaning the contact region.
  • the step of cleaning includes the step of mechanical cleaning.
  • the step of mechanical cleaning includes the step of shot peening at least the contact region.
  • the step of forming the first layer includes the use of a first deposition process, and the step of forming the second layer involves a second deposition process, and the first deposition process is different from the first deposition process.
  • the process includes the step of forming a central internal cruciform fin.
  • the process includes the step of forming the blank to have a head located axially forwardly of the shank, and forming the head to a profile, when seen in side view, that is predominantly formed on a curve that is one of (a) parabolic; and (b) elliptic.
  • the process includes the step of trimming back said apex to yield an end flat on the head.
  • Figure Ia shows a side view of an example of a male welding electrode
  • Figure Ib shows a cross-section of the welding electrode of Figure Ia taken on a longitudinal plane of symmetry thereof
  • Figure 2 shows an end view of the electrode of Figure Ia looking inwardly thereof on arrow '2' of Figure Ia;
  • Figure 3 shows a much enlarged detail of a contact end region of the electrode of Figure 1 showing a surface coating thereof with cross-hatching omitted for clarity;
  • Figure 4a shows a side view of a female electrode analogous to the male electrode of Figures Ia and Ib;
  • Figure 4b shows a cross-section of the welding electrode of Figure 4a taken on a longitudinal plane of symmetry thereof;
  • Figure 4c shows an end view of the electrode of Figure 4a looking inwardly thereof on arrow '4c';
  • Figure 5a shows a side view of an alternate electrode to that of Figure Ia;
  • Figure 5b shows a view of a first end of the electrode of Figure 5a;
  • Figure 5c shows a view of the opposite end of the electrode of Figure 5a;
  • Figure 5d shows a section of the electrode of Figure 5a taken on '5d - 5d'
  • Figure 5e shows a section of the electrode of Figure 5a taken on '5e - 5e'
  • Figure 5f shows a side view of an alternate electrode to that of Figure 5a
  • Figure 5g shows a first end view of the electrode of Figure 5f
  • Figure 5h shows a side view of another alternate electrode to that of Figure 5a
  • Figure 5i shows a first end view of the electrode of Figure 5h.
  • a welding electrode may be of either the male type or the female type, as described below.
  • the welding electrode may have the general form of a body of revolution formed about a central axis.
  • This body of revolution may be considered in terms of a polar cylindrical co-ordinate system having a long axis, or axial direction, which may be termed the z-axis, a radial direction or radial axis r extending away from the z-axis, and a circumferential direction mutually perpendicular to the axial and radial directions, referenced from an angular datum.
  • Electrode 20 can be mounted to an electrode holder 22 (shown in phantom in Figure Ib).
  • Electrode holder 22 may be provided with a coolant supply conduit 24 (shown in phantom), such as may be an internal passageway for a coolant such as water.
  • Electrode holder 22 may also have a coolant return passageway 26 (shown in phantom) such as may be used to extract coolant from within electrode 20.
  • welding electrode 20 has a body 30.
  • Body 30 may have two principle regions, those being a head, indicated generally as 32, and a shank, indicated generally as 34.
  • Shank 34 may have an external face 36, which, to the extent that shank 34 may have an external taper, indicated by taper angle ⁇ , may be a truncated conical section, in which the narrow end 38 extends away from head 32, and the wider end 40 terminates at a shoulder 42.
  • the taper of shank 34 may be such as to facilitate the introduction of shank 34 into a socket of a welding electrode holder, such as holder 22, and may tend to wedge into the holder to yield a tight, binding fit in the electrode holder socket giving a contact interface such as may be suited to the transmission of electrical current.
  • Shoulder 42 may extend in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the long or central axis, or axis of revolution, indicated as CL, such that shoulder 42 may have the form of an annulus. Shoulder 42 may have an axially rearwardly facing surface 44 that may be termed an abutment, or abutment surface, and that may, in use, abut the end of the electrode holder, and which may, in use, provide a current path for electrical flow.
  • Shank 34 may be hollow.
  • shank 34 may have a cavity, or chamber formed therein, which may be identified as a bore 46 extending axially inwardly from distal end 38.
  • Bore 46 may be cylindrical, or, for example where formed by a punch, may have a small taper, such as may tend to facilitate removal of the part from a forming punch or die.
  • Bore 46 may be a blind bore, and may extend axially beyond shoulder 42 to terminate at a location within the bulk of body 30 at a bore end region 48.
  • Bore end region 48 may be somewhat contracted, and may include a converging region 49.
  • Converging region 49 may be of a tapering section, and that section may not necessarily be of circular tapering section.
  • converging region 49 may have a lobate form, as viewed from one end as in Figure 2. That lobate form may include an array of tapering lobes 50 arranged about the longitudinal centerline, such as lobes 51, 52, 53 and 54. End region 48 may also include a convection heat transfer apparatus such as finwork 56, such as may include one or more fins. In one embodiment, finwork 56 may include a centrally located fin 58. Fin 58 may have a truncated conical form extending from a generally broad base to a narrower tip 59. Fin 58 may have a tapering circular section. Fin 58 may tend to be relatively squat.
  • the ratio of height to base width may be in the range of less than 2: 1, may be less than 1 :1 , and, in one embodiment, may be less than 2:3.
  • Bore end region 48 may terminate at an end wall 62 that extends about the wide end of fin 58 and meets with the surrounding tapered lobate convergent wall 47 of bore end region 48 more generally.
  • Wall 55 may be the forewardmost extremity of bore 46. It is believed that the relatively close proximity of the end of the waterhole to the welding interface may tend to provide a short conduction path to a surface having a relatively high rate of heat transfer to the liquid cooling medium. It may then be that aggressive liquid cooling on the inside of the waterhole may discourage or delay annealing of the base copper alloy of the weld cap in the tip region, such as may tend to extend weld cap life.
  • Head portion 32 may have a tip region, 60, and a flank region 62 extending axially rearwardly therefrom.
  • the surface of flank region 62 may also extend radially outwardly and rearwardly relative to tip region 60, and may extend rearwardly on an arcuate portion 64.
  • arcuate portion may be formed on a portion of a parabolic or elliptic curve.
  • Tip region 60 may be a truncation of that parabolic or elliptic form, and may be flat.
  • Head portion 32 may initially be formed in a fully parabolic or elliptic form, and then tip region 60 may be dressed to yield the final contact profile.
  • head portion 32 may initially include end portion 61 , which forms the extremity of the parabolic or elliptic section.
  • end portion 61 may be removed in part, to give a truncated profile with a flat end, as at 60, or such other profile as may be suitable.
  • Flank region 62 may include, or lead into, a barrel-like base region 66, that may be of substantially constant radius, and which may terminate at shoulder 42.
  • Bore 46, and region 48 of bore 46 may be referred to as a water hole.
  • the overall characteristic width dimension of cap 20 may be taken as the outside diameter, ⁇ , measured over the body of cap 20 forward of shoulder 42.
  • Another dimension, ⁇ i may be taken from the apogee of the parabolic or elliptic curve of the electrode, at 60, to the endmost forward extremity of the water hole, as at wall 55.
  • a further dimension ⁇ 2 may be taken from the apogee of the parabolic or elliptic curve to the face of shoulder 42.
  • a third dimension, 63 may be taken from the dressed face, as at 60, to the nearest part of the waterhole, as at end wall 62.
  • the parabolic or elliptic shape may tend to discourage or delay plastic deformation of the end of the welding cap as compared to the styles recommended in ISO 5821 or by the Resistance Welding Manufacturers' Association (RWMA) which have "bullet” and radiused designs.
  • RWMA Resistance Welding Manufacturers' Association
  • end wall 55 does not intersect the longitudinal centerline, but rather forms a ring, or ring-like surface in the shape of interlinking lobate portions extending about the longitudinal centerline CL of cap 20.
  • tip region 60 may have a coating 70 formed thereon, as discussed below.
  • body 30 may be made from a substantially pure copper, or a copper based alloy, having relatively high thermal conductivity (perhaps greater than 200 W/m K).
  • Some alloys may be predominantly ternary alloys composed of Copper, Chromium and Zirconium (CuCrZr).
  • Other alloys may be predominantly binary alloys, such as Copper and Zirconium (CuZr) or Copper and Chromium (CuCr). Copper Tungsten (CuW) and Copper Alumina (Cu-A I 2 O3) alloys may also possible alternate coating materials.
  • CuZr Copper and Zirconium
  • CuCr Copper Tungsten
  • Cu-A I 2 O3 alloys may also possible alternate coating materials.
  • One copper alloy with silver is suggested in US Patent 4,734,254 of Nippert, issued March 29, 1988.
  • Another alloy may be a dispersion strengthened alloy, as discussed in US Patent 4,423,617 of Nippert, issued January 3, 1984.
  • Electrode 20 may be manufactured in a number of ways, whether by machining from solid, casting, or by forging. In terms of the formation of a solid slug of copper, (or of a copper alloy, as may be) it may, for example, be manufactured in a manner generally similar to that described in US Patent 4,423,617 of Nippert, issued January 3, 1984. However, the core of the shank may be formed with a male die or progression of dies having an external profile corresponding to the profile described above, and having cavities tending to define the heat transfer ribs or fins.
  • the manufacture of electrode 20 (or of electrodes 120 or 170, below) may include the step of providing a coating 70 to the contact region at tip 60 of the electrode.
  • the coating 70 may include a first surface coating layer, or substrate, or composition, however it may be termed, and which is indicated generally be the number 80, that may be overlain in whole or in part by a second surface coating layer, superstrate, or composition 82.
  • the step of providing an end coating 70 to the tip 60 of electrode 20 may be preceded by the step of removing impurities from that end region 60.
  • the end region 85 may include a flattened or trimmed end face such as face 60, and may include some or all of an adjacent portion of the tapered flank region 62.
  • the step of removing impurities may include the step of removing oxides, or dirt, or oils, or all of them.
  • the step of removing impurities and the step of work hardening may occur at the same time, in the same process and may include importing a compressive residual stress to contact region 85.
  • the step of work hardening may include the step of shot-peening end region 85.
  • the step of shot-peening may tend to remove surface impurities and leave a relatively fresh, clean surface upon which to apply a surface coating.
  • the shot used for shot peening may be made of a non-participating material (i.e., a material that is substantially non-reactive with copper), such as glass beads.
  • a gas such as compressed air in the range of 30 - 50 psig may be used to direct No. 7 glass beads at the uncoated ends of electrodes for a time period that may be in the range of 15 seconds to a minute. In one embodiment this time period may be about half a minute.
  • the first portion, or region, or layer 80 may be formed with a composition that differs from the overlying layer 82, which may in turn differ from the composition of layer 84 (if there is any such third layer), which may differ from the composition of any further layers. It may be that while the composition of the powder or solid stick of material from which the coating is made may be known before the coating process commences, the very process of creation or deposition of the layers may cause local melting and alloying to occur. As such, the layers may have a tendency to blur or bleed or flow into one another such that the composition of the various layers may not vary sharply or distinctly, and yet there may be a concentration gradient of one constituent or another.
  • the first layer or region or base coating may be relatively richer in certain materials than other layers.
  • the first layer may include a relatively higher concentration of Nickel, or Nickel alloys, than perhaps may be included in one or more subsequent layers.
  • a layer nearest or relatively near to the copper (or predominantly copper) body of the weld cap may include a relatively higher concentration of Molybdenum, or Tungsten, or both, than the next subsequent layer, or layers.
  • alloys with relatively higher quantities of relatively softer metals such as Nickel and Molybdenum- Tungsten alloys, may tend to have an affinity for Copper, and may tend to discourage porosity, cavities, and surface cracking in the overlying, relatively hard, predominantly titanium or titanium carbide layer, or coating, perhaps more readily than those harder alloys (such as may be applied in one or more subsequent layers) might otherwise do without the intermediary effect of the base coating layer of a different composition.
  • the softer metal or metal alloy layers may tolerate thermal expansion, or act as a moderating or buffering influence in terms of thermal expansion, between the underlying predominantly copper (or copper alloy) and the overlying titanium, titanium carbide, or titanium diboride predominating layer (or layers).
  • the powder or sintered rod material deposited to create the initial layer, or layers may have a Nickel content in the range of 8-40 wt% Nickel, or more narrowly between 10 wt% and 35 wt% Nickel. Alternatively, it may contain 25-35 wt% Nickel. Another layer may contain 10-20 wt% Nickel.
  • the powder or sintered rod material may include 3 to 20 wt% Molybdenum. In another embodiment it may include 10-15 wt% Molybdenum, and in another it may include 4-8 wt% Molybdenum. Alternatively, or additionally, it may include between about 0.65 and 2.0 wt% Tungsten. In another layer there may be about 0.8 to 1.1 % Tungsten. In another layer there may be about 1.2 to 1.8% Tungsten. The sum of the Molybdenum Tungsten may be in the range of about 5 wt% to about 17 wt%.
  • the sum of the Molybdenum and Tungsten in the powder or sintered rod material before deposition may be about 5 to 8 wt%. In another layer the sum of the Molybdenum and Tungsten is about 12 to 17 wt%.
  • a subsequent layer, or layers, of coating may be relatively richer in Titanium, or a Titanium alloy, such as Titanium carbide, and, where several such layers are deposited, may be increasingly rich in Titanium or Titanium alloy in succeeding layers.
  • Titanium alloys are Titanium carbide (TiC) and Titanium diboride (TiB 2 ).
  • Such a layer, or layers, may tend to be harder than the previously deposited Nickel, Molybdenum or Tungsten rich layer, or layers.
  • the Titanium or Titanium Carbide or Titanium diboride layers may be made from a powder or stick having an initial concentration, by weight, of between 60 and 80 wt% Titanium.
  • Such a powder may also contain 10-35 wt% Nickel, or, in one embodiment 13-17 wt% Ni, in another embodiment 28 - 35 wt% Nickel.
  • a finishing, or covering layer, or layers may once again include a relatively higher Nickel, Molybdenum or Tungsten, or Molybdenum and Tungsten content as compared to the predominantly Titanium, Titanium carbide or Titanium diboride material layer.
  • This overlay may tend to fill cracks or discontinuities in the underlying Titanium carbide or Titanium diboride layers. It is believed that such relatively Molybdenum or
  • Tungsten rich layers may tend to discourage Zinc migration into those cracks and discontinuities. That is to say, where there is a Titanium based stratum, or quasi-stratum of material deposited as a covering, such as a Titanium carbide or Titanium diboride covering, that may be relatively hard and may have cracks, or voids, or other imperfections, in some embodiments an overlay may be provided, to fill or coat those imperfections and hence to discourage migration of molten Zinc therethrough. That overlay may include material having greater toughness than the Titanium based layer, and having a higher melting point than Zinc. In one embodiment, that material might be, or include, Molybdenum. In another, it might be, or include, Nickel. That overlay may also include Tungsten component.
  • a predominantly Titanium carbide layer may be applied to the copper substrate, and a relatively Molybdenum and Tungsten rich layer may be applied as an overlay on the Titanium carbide.
  • the materials become molten, and, in a re-melted condition the materials tend to become mixed.
  • the resultant coating region may be approximately 40 to 50 wt% titanium, 10 to 30 wt% Nickel, and 20 to 40 wt% Copper.
  • the initial powder or sintered rod used to produce this coating may be 70 to 80 wt%
  • Titanium carbide 10 to 15 wt% Nickel, and 10 to 15 wt% Molybdenum.
  • powders may be used for laser cladding, whereas sintered rods may be used for electric spark deposition.
  • the various layers may be applied by spark deposition or laser cladding.
  • the electrical current may be at 60Hz a.c.
  • it may be by way of variable dc, such as by pulsed DC or half rectified AC.
  • the electric current may be varied at a frequency greater than 100 Hz.
  • the frequency may be greater than 1000 Hz, and in some instances the frequency may be in the range of 5000 Hz to 50,000 Hz.
  • the frequency employed may be 10,000 or 20,000 Hz, (+/- 25 %).
  • the overall monolithic coating layer at the surface was approximately 50% Titanium, 20% Nickel and 25% Copper, a two layer coating was approximately 40% Titanium, 40% Nickel and 15% Copper, and in a three layer coating
  • Titanium was approximately 15%, Nickel 70% and Copper 15%. (The percentages may vary by 10% or more, depending upon where and how the measurements are taken. For instance, in the centre of the overlays, the Titanium percentage may tend to be greater.)
  • FIG. 1 Whereas welding electrode 20 of Figures Ia and Ib may be termed a male electrode, Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show a female electrode 120.
  • Female electrode 120 has a body 130 having a head portion 132 and a shank portion 134.
  • shank portion 134 may have an external substantially round cylindrical skirt 136, and a predominantly radially inwardly facing tapered face 138 such as may fit onto an electrode holder having a mating socket or mandrel.
  • the taper of this face may be at a small angle, such as angle ⁇ .
  • An internal bore 146 may be formed within shank portion 134, and may extend axially from the distal end 142 of shank portion 134 to end at a blind forwardmost extremity 144.
  • the taper may end at a first longitudinal location or shoulder 148 that is some portion of the distance from end 142 to apex 144.
  • the male electrode seat is identified as holder 122, (shown in phantom).
  • the foremost end of holder 122 may abut shoulder 148.
  • the foremost portion 149 of internal bore 146 may have substantially the same internal geometry as that described above in the context of cap 20, with the similar parts being given the same item numbers as employed above.
  • Head portion 132 may have a flat tip or tip region 160, and may then be trimmed or dressed to yield a flat tip as shown in the example of Figures Ia and Ib, that may be trimmed or dressed from an initially rounded tip 152. That rounded tip 152 may be formed initially on a parabolic or elliptic curve as above. Head portion 132 may have arcuate flanks 153, as shown in the example of Figure Ia, and may terminate substantially tangentially into a radially outwardly facing circular cylindrical wall 154.
  • the axially innermost extremity of bore 146 is spaced axially from should 148 a distance 6 5 , that distance being the depth of water hole 150 from the slope discontinuity in the inner wall of bore 146 to the end.
  • the axial distance between wall 155 and tip 160 is again indicated as 6 3 .
  • 6 3 may be relatively small. That is, 63 may be less than 2/3 of the overall diameter, 0 ⁇ y of cap 120. In one embodiment ⁇ 3 may be V 2 of & ⁇ , or less, and, in another embodiment may be in the range of 3/8 to 1 A 0j,and, ma be about 2/5 0 ⁇ .
  • the waterhole portion of bore 146 lying forward of shoulder 148 is large relative to the overall distance from shoulder 148 to tip 160 (or 152). That is, the ratio of distance 65 to distance 63 may lie in the range of 2:3 to 1 :1, may lie in the narrower range of 3:4 to 9:10, and may, in one embodiment be about 4:5.
  • Electrode 120 may be made of any of the materials noted in the context of electrode 20, and may be manufactured according to the steps described in the context of electrode 20.
  • Electrode 170 may be generally similar to electrode 120, and may have an external coating of any of the types discussed herein. Electrode 170 may tend to differ from electrode 120 insofar as the internal contours may tend to be rounded. Further, electrode 170 may, alternatively, be produced in a non-coated form and shipped to customers in an untrimmed condition, for trimming to an initial weld contact diameter, which may vary from an untrimmed tip to a tip of moderate flat diameter, to a tip of greater flat diameter. It may be appreciated that electrode 170 may be produced in a female format, akin to electrode 120, or in a male format, akin to electrode 20, by providing an appropriate shank.
  • Electrode 170 may have a body 172 having a head portion 174 and a shank portion 176. Shank portion 176 may be substantially the same as shank portion 134. Electrode 170 may have an internal bore 178 formed within shank portion 176. Bore 178 may extend axially from the distal end 142 of shank portion 176 to end at a blind forwardmost apex or extremity 180. The taper may end at a first longitudinal location or shoulder or wall discontinuity 182 that is some portion of the distance from end 142 to extremity 180. The foremost portion 184 of internal bore 178 may have different internal geometry from that described above in the context of cap 20.
  • the transition at the slope discontinuity 182 may have the form of a rounded, or radiused, transition 186.
  • This transition leads to the tapered wall 188 of one or another of the array of lobate bores, or chambers, or sub-cavities identified as lobes 189, 190, 191, 192, each of which may terminate at a rounded dome end 194, which may be formed on an arch or vault-like curvature that is substantially spherical.
  • These lobes may tend to provide a plurality of cooling chambers.
  • the interstitial flats at 196 may tend to provide an axial stop for the inserted male electrode holder.
  • a protruding cooling array such as may be identified as finwork 200.
  • the central, axially rearwardly protruding end of finwork 200 may tend to have a somewhat rounded cruciform cross-section, somewhat like the tip of a Phillips screwdriver, with rounded edges. This cruciform shape may tend to merge, or extend into a set of outwardly extending vanes or fins identified in the illustrations as radially extending, axially upstanding webs 198 that intersect at, and extend from, a central portion identified as finpost 201.
  • Finpost 201 may not be ofround section, but may have a greater major cross-wise dimension in one direction, and a lesser major cross-wise dimension in another that is offset by half the pitch angle between lobes.
  • webs 198 merge into the outer peripheral portion running toward the centers of flats 196.
  • Radiating webs 198 may tend to vary in thickness both in the radial direction and in the axial direction, tending to be thicker at their axial base (i.e., axially closest to foremost portion 184), and thinnest at the plane defined by the plane running through the line of centers of the adjacent lobes, that plane being indicated as 195.
  • a radially extending web portion is interposed between the centers of each pair of adjacent lobes, and may tend to conduct heat away from tip 202; may tend to act as a partition between adjacent lobes, thus tending to segregate the lobes from each other; and may provide a heat transfer surface of increased surface area, across which surface, or surfaces, coolant may be compelled to flow.
  • the edges of the surfaces over which the coolant may flow, or which may be engaged by coolant flow, may be rounded, rather than sharp, as indicated.
  • coolant introduced axially, and directed in the forward direction may tend to be split by the cruciform section of finwork 200 (i.e., it may function as a flow splitter), and flows along the walls defined by the lobate surfaces. These walls being smoothly rounded, may tend to act as vanes redirecting the flow rearwardly, with corresponding heat transfer to the fluid. The fluid leaving this region is exhausted rearwardly.
  • the arc of the smooth surface may extend over a curvature of greater than 120 degrees of arc, and may, in one embodiment, extend over a curvature of substantially 180 degrees of arc.
  • the height of finpost 201 may tend to be a greater proportion of the height between the apex and wall discontinuity, indicated as 6 9 than 6 3 is of 6 5 , for example.
  • the ration of ⁇ s to 6 9 may lie in the range of 2/3 to 9/10.
  • the minimum height of each web 198 being the height obtained by subtracting indicated dimension ⁇ io from 6 9 , may be taken as a proportion.
  • that proportion may lie in the range of V 1 to 4/5 of ⁇ $. That is to say, finpost 201 may stand axially proud of the adjacent minima of webs 198.
  • the array of webs and lobes illustrated is intended to be representative of any multi-lobed or multi- webbed arrangement, be it of two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or more lobes or webs, as may be. It may also be that the distance from the welding rip face or region 202 may be closer, measured in the axial direction, to extremity 180 than formerly customary, and may be in the range of 2/5 to 3/5 of the distance from the shoulder discontinuity to the apex of the parabolic form, or to the actual trimmed tip face flat, as may be.
  • Head portion 174 may have a tip or tip region 202, that may be left untrimmed, as shown as 204 in Figures 5h and 5i, or trimmed in an intermediate manner, as shown at 206 in Figures 5f and 5g that may be trimmed or dressed from an initially the rounded tip 202.
  • This may permit the use of a welding face having a diameter corresponding to the size of a weld nugget sought for the metal thickness being welded, in combination with a parabolic (or other curve) adjacent curved surface.
  • tip region 202 may be provided with coating 70 as described above in the context of electrode 20.
  • Electrode 120 may be made of any of the materials noted in the context of electrode 20, and may be manufactured according to the steps described in the context of electrode 20.
  • a welding cap formed as indicated herein may be employed in a welding process including the step of using such welding cap in a welding tool clenched to two objects, such as sheets of metal, to be welded together, wherein those objects may include zone or nickel, or zinc and nickel coated steels, advanced high strength steels, and aluminized, or aluminium sheets.
  • the process may include use of the electrode without the step of conditioning the electrode prior to use with those materials, or one of them. In such use, it may be that there may be a reduction in the tendency to stick to the surface of the material to be welded, and there may be a corresponding reduced tendency to deposit copper on the work pieces. Over time, to the extent that degradation of the electrode may occur, the use of the electrode may include the step of current stepping.
  • the coating on the electrode may tend to be non- reactive with the work piece, there may be reduced pick up from the surface of the work piece, such as from zinc based or zinc coated work pieces, which may tend to reduce or delay chemical alloying of the electrode and impurities picked up from the work piece, and so may tend to reduce or delay degradation of the electrode.
  • the presence of internal finwork for interaction with coolant flows may tend to aid in cooling of the electrode, and may slow, or discourage, annealing of the electrode over time. It may be that such cooling may permit more concentrated heating of the weld nugget, as opposed to heating of the adjacent electrode.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)

Abstract

L'électrode de soudage autogène selon l'invention comporte un corps constitué d'une tige et d'une zone de contact à placer contre la pièce à souder pendant le soudage. Une partie du corps peut présenter un profil parabolique. La zone de contact comporte un revêtement. Le revêtement peut comporter une première couche, et une seconde couche placée sur la première. Les première et seconde couches peuvent être de composition différente. L'électrode peut comporter de façon interne un élément de refroidissement qui interagit avec un système de refroidissement liquide.
PCT/CA2006/000799 2005-05-17 2006-05-16 Electrode et procede de soudage WO2006122410A1 (fr)

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CN2006800004985A CN101018642B (zh) 2005-05-17 2006-05-16 焊接电极
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CA2507796A CA2507796C (fr) 2005-05-17 2005-05-17 Electrode de soudage et methode connexe
CA2,507,796 2005-05-17

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EP1993331A2 (fr) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-19 Tec.Mo S.r.l. Dispositif de torche à plasma et procédé de réalisation d'une électrode pour ce dispositif
CN107775166A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-09 浙江嘉熙科技有限公司 用于电阻焊机的焊接组件及电阻焊机
US10391574B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2019-08-27 Huys Industries Limited Welding method and apparatus therefor
US10829856B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2020-11-10 Huys Industries Limited Electro-spark deposition surface modification process and apparatus
US10974342B2 (en) 2016-06-22 2021-04-13 Huys Industries Limited Welding apparatus
WO2023155954A1 (fr) * 2022-02-16 2023-08-24 Cunova Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'un capuchon de soudage et capuchon de soudage

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DE102009047920A1 (de) * 2008-10-06 2010-07-29 Holzhauer Gmbh & Co. Kg Widerstandsschweißelektrode
CN104084686B (zh) * 2014-06-12 2017-01-18 上海翼锐汽车科技有限公司 一种用于抑制铝合金电阻点焊裂纹产生的电极
KR102282785B1 (ko) * 2017-11-28 2021-07-29 엔지케이 인슐레이터 엘티디 도전성 선단 부재 및 그 제조 방법
CN110653475A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-01-07 江苏科技大学 一种电极头涂层及其制备方法与应用
DE102019128076B4 (de) * 2019-10-17 2023-03-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC VERBESSERTE WIDERSTANDSSCHWEIßKAPPE
CN114367728A (zh) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-19 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 增强的电阻焊帽
CN117564544B (zh) * 2024-01-15 2024-03-26 长春三友汽车部件制造有限公司 一种钨铜钴钼电阻点焊电极材料及其制备方法

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1993331A2 (fr) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-19 Tec.Mo S.r.l. Dispositif de torche à plasma et procédé de réalisation d'une électrode pour ce dispositif
EP1993331A3 (fr) * 2007-05-18 2012-01-04 Tec.Mo S.r.l. Dispositif de torche à plasma et procédé de réalisation d'une électrode pour ce dispositif
US10391574B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2019-08-27 Huys Industries Limited Welding method and apparatus therefor
US10829856B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2020-11-10 Huys Industries Limited Electro-spark deposition surface modification process and apparatus
US11666981B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2023-06-06 Huys Industries Limited Welding method and apparatus therefor
US10974342B2 (en) 2016-06-22 2021-04-13 Huys Industries Limited Welding apparatus
CN107775166A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2018-03-09 浙江嘉熙科技有限公司 用于电阻焊机的焊接组件及电阻焊机
WO2023155954A1 (fr) * 2022-02-16 2023-08-24 Cunova Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'un capuchon de soudage et capuchon de soudage

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JP2006320959A (ja) 2006-11-30
CA2507796C (fr) 2013-04-09
EP1881880A4 (fr) 2009-05-13
CN101018642A (zh) 2007-08-15
CN101018642B (zh) 2012-11-07
CA2507796A1 (fr) 2006-11-17
EP1881880A1 (fr) 2008-01-30

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