WO2006115666A1 - Protection contre la corrosion amelioree pour les lubrifiants - Google Patents

Protection contre la corrosion amelioree pour les lubrifiants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006115666A1
WO2006115666A1 PCT/US2006/010943 US2006010943W WO2006115666A1 WO 2006115666 A1 WO2006115666 A1 WO 2006115666A1 US 2006010943 W US2006010943 W US 2006010943W WO 2006115666 A1 WO2006115666 A1 WO 2006115666A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
triazole
containing species
basestock
oil
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PCT/US2006/010943
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English (en)
Inventor
William Sullivan
Shi-Ming Wu
Ellen B. Brandes
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Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
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Publication date
Application filed by Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. filed Critical Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
Priority to CA002604879A priority Critical patent/CA2604879A1/fr
Priority to EP06739625A priority patent/EP1877524A1/fr
Priority to JP2008507681A priority patent/JP2008537008A/ja
Publication of WO2006115666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006115666A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/026—Butene
    • C10M2205/0265—Butene used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lubricating compositions and other functional fluids.
  • the compositions comprise at least one triazole-containing species and at least one thiadiazole-containing species.
  • at least one extreme pressure (EP) component and at least one phosphorus-containing antiwear component are also present.
  • EP extreme pressure
  • phosphorus-containing antiwear component are also present.
  • the compositions are particularly useful in manual transmission oils.
  • Manual transmission fluids otherwise known as manual transmission oils or MTOs, are typically used in automobiles, light trucks, and heavy duty trucks.
  • the torque from the engine is transferred directly to the driveline through mechanical clutch and speed increasing/reducing gears, e.g., spur gears.
  • the fluids that lubricate such gears need to possess a variety of conventional features: extreme pressure (EP) performance for load carrying, antiwear performance, yellow metal corrosion protection, rust inhibition, foam suppression, thermal and oxidative stability, cleanliness, seal compatibility, among others.
  • EP components typically based on sulfur (S) and/or boron (B), and antiwear components, typically based on phosphorus (P), are therefore often part of lubricant compositions.
  • U.S. Patent 4,511,481 discloses industrial lubricants stabilized with a triazole adduct of amine phosphates, providing oxidation stability, antiwear, and rust preventative performance.
  • Dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives such as 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4- thiadiazole, disodium 2,5-dimercaptothiadiazole, and 2,5-bis(t-nonyl- dithio) thiadiazole, are known for their antioxidancy, anticorrosion, and metal passivation properties as disclosed in, for instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,382,869, 4,661,273, 4,678, 592 and 4,584,114. [0009] Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,205,945 describes a multifunctional antioxidant, antiwear, and dispersancy additive for fuels and lubricants is a reaction product of a thiol-substituted diazole, such as aminomercaptothiadiazole (AMTD) or dimercaptothiadiazole (DMTD), an aldehyde and a hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide dimer.
  • a thiol-substituted diazole such as aminomercaptothiadiazole (AMTD) or dimercaptothiadiazole (DMTD), an aldehyde and a hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide dimer.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,652 is directed to combinations of dimercaptothiadiazole-mercaptan coupled dithio compounds with amines which have proven to be highly effective multifunctional antiwear/extreme pressure additives for lubricants and fuels.
  • U.S. Patent 6,180,575 discloses a lubricating oil having additives comprising an adduct of a substituted triazole with an amine phosphate in order to balance anti-wear and anti-rust properties. See also WO 2000/08119.
  • the present inventors have discovered a composition which, in preferred embodiments in combination with suitable basestocks, is able to meet the newest industrial requirements for MTOs without sacrificing the positive attributes of currently available commercial products.
  • the lubricant composition of the invention comprises a combination of at least one triazole-containing species and at least one species selected from a thiadiazole-containing species, hi embodiments the invention provides improved corrosion protection for manual transmissions.
  • the composition will also include one or more ingredients selected from: (a) at least one extreme pressure (EP) component selected from sulfur-containing component; and (b) at least one phosphorus- containing antiwear component.
  • EP extreme pressure
  • a preferred composition is characterized by a mass ratio of sulfur to that of the triazole-containing species of less than or equal to 150:1.
  • lubricant compositions comprising alkyl polysulfides and alkyl phosphate esters, in combination with a triazole-containing corrosion inhibitor, such as tolyl triazole and dimercaptothiadizole, have been found particularly effective in avoiding corrosion of copper.
  • a triazole-containing corrosion inhibitor such as tolyl triazole and dimercaptothiadizole
  • the lubricant composition of the invention will comprise a dispersant and/or a rust inhibitor, and optionally other ingredients.
  • the invention is also directed, in preferred embodiments, to formulated MTOs comprising at least one basestock selected from API Group I through V basestocks and an additive system.
  • the invention is directed to formulated MTOs comprising at least one API Group rV and/or Group V basestock and an additive system.
  • a lubricant composition comprising a combination of at least one triazole, triazole derivative, or salt thereof, referred to herein as "triazole-containing species", and at least one species selected from a thiadiazole-containing species.
  • the lubricant composition will also include ingredients selected from: at least one extreme pressure (EP) component selected from sulfur-containing and/or boron-containing species; and at least one phosphoras-containing antiwear component.
  • EP extreme pressure
  • a preferred lubricant composition is characterized by a mass ratio of sulfur to triazole-containing species of less than or equal to 150:1.
  • Critical ingredients are selected from the following materials.
  • a key ingredient in the lubricant composition according to the invention is a triazole, triazole derivative, or salt thereof, referred to herein as "triazole-containing species".
  • Preferred triazole-containing species include those known in the art per se as corrosion-inhibiting agents. While the exact amount used is not critical, an effective amount should be used. This may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure. Typically, the amount of triazole and/or derivative used will depend on the level of sulfur-containing EP agent(s). Appropriate amounts may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure without more than routine experimentation.
  • Triazoles e.g., 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-triazoles, and their derivatives and salts, several of which are commercially available (from, for example, Aldrich Chemicals) have been found to be important for reducing bearing wear in industrial gear oils and preventing corrosion in manual transmissions. Since triazole itself is difficult to solubilize in oil or in an additive mix, it advantageously can be derivatized.
  • the derivatives provide a means for making the triazole group more soluble in oil but retain its corrosion and wear reducing properties.
  • derivatives include: benzotriazole, tolytriazole, octyltriazole, decyltriazole, dodecyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzotriazole. [0031] Alkyl and aryl derivatives of triazoles are preferred. Most preferred is the tolyltriazole.
  • any species containing the triazole species is useful in the composition according to the invention.
  • the prior art described in the Background section above lists numerous triazole-containing species useful in the present invention.
  • any of the triazoles mentioned above, including those set forth in the prior art may also be present as carboxylic acid salt, e.g the salt of a fatty acid, like oleic acid or the salt of polybutenyl succinic acid.
  • Adducts containing triazole species may also be used, e.g., amide derivatives prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid with the amine of the triazole, are also included in the scope of this invention.
  • the triazole can also be present in the form of a salt of one of the phosphorus acid species described below.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is the complex of the triazole derivative with an alkyl or aryl acid phosphate.
  • At least one thiadiazole-containing species must be present in a composition according to the present invention. While the exact amount used is not critical, an effective amount should be used. This may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure without more than routine experimentation.
  • Preferred thiadiazoles include dimercaptothiadiazole (DMTD) and its alkylated derivatives, known per se as a class of copper corrosion inhibitors.
  • DMTD dimercaptothiadiazole
  • Specific examples of the thiadiazoles include 2-mercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2- mercapto-5-hydrocarbylthio-l,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbyldithio- 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis-(hydrocarbylthio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles, and 2,5-bis- (hydrocarbyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles.
  • the preferred compounds are the 1,3,4 thiadiazoles, especially the 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-l,3,4-dithiadiazoles and the 2,5-bis(hydrocarbyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole.
  • these are commercially available, e.g. Afton HitecTM 4313 and MobiladTM C-610.
  • Other suitable inhibitors of copper corrosion that may be used along with the required thiadiazoles and the triazoles include thiazoles, imidazolines, ethoxylated phenols and alcohols, and the like.
  • the critical ingredients to assist in meeting at least one object of the invention, at least in preferred formulated lubricant compositions is the presence of the triazole-containing species in combination with the thiadiazole-containing species.
  • Preferred optional ingredients in a formulated lubricant composition according to the invention include at least one of the following species set forth in C, D. or E., below. Typically mixtures of at least one ingredient selected from each of the following groups will be included.
  • Extreme pressure (EP) agents useful in the composition according to the invention include known sulfur-containing and boron-containing EP agents.
  • Sulfur-containing EP agents are preferred.
  • Sulfurized olefins are known per se to be useful to provide protection against high pressure, metal-to-metal contacts in industrial and automotive gear oils.
  • the presence of sulfurized olefins for this purpose must be balanced against the drawback that the presence of sulfur lowers thermal stability, increases the aggression against certain seal materials, and increases corrosivity toward copper-containing alloys.
  • Sulfur-containing components useful in this regard include sulfurized olefins, dialkyl polysulfides, diarylpolysulfides, sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acid esters, trithiones, sulfurized oligomers of C2-C8 monoolefms, thiophosphoric acid compounds, sulfurized terpenes, thiocarbamate compounds, thiocarbonate compounds, sulfoxides, and thiol sulfmates. Mixtures of sulfur-containing EP components may be used.
  • the preferred sulfur-containing EP components are selected from sulfurized oligomers of C2-C8 monoolefms, olefin sulfides and dialkyl and diaryl polysulfides.
  • a very large number of sulfurized olefins suitable for use as extreme pressure agents are detailed in the prior art. See, for instance, U.S. Patent No. 6,844,300 and references cited therein.
  • the more preferred extreme pressure agents are oligomeric olefin sulfides and dialkyl polysulfides.
  • Oligomeric olefin sulfides are prepared via the reaction of sulfuryl monochloride with an olefin, e.g. isobutylene, to create an oligomeric olefin sulfide compound.
  • the drawback to these materials is the residual chlorine, which the process leaves behind, but this can be reduced by various treatments.
  • Dialkyl polysulfides are prepared via a high pressure sulfurization procedure such as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,119,550; 4,119,549; 4,344,854; 5,135,670; and 5,338,468. These may be prepared, for instance, by the reaction of sulfur, an olefin, and hydrogen sulfide, which may be provided in situ or added from an external source.
  • the preferred method for the purpose of providing an extreme pressure agent for use in the additive package of the present invention involves generating the hydrogen sulfide in situ.
  • hydrogen sulfide is formed in the reactor from sodium hydrogen sulfide and consumed within the reactor.
  • the high pressure sulfurized olefin is prepared by reacting an olefin, preferably isobutylene, with molten sulfur in predetermined quantities in the presence of aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfide under high pressure conditions.
  • an olefin preferably isobutylene
  • HPSIB high pressure sulfurized isobutylene
  • the weight percent of sulfur contributed by additives in any form in the lubricant is 0.1-3 wt %, more preferably 0.2-2.0 wt %.
  • Boron-containing EP agents are also per se known in the art.
  • boron-containing EP agents appear to have deficiencies in the area of hydrolytic stability, so if a gear box is exposed to water, the boron-containing EP agents may be hydrolyzed and lose their effectiveness as EP components. Also, the EP properties may be less relative to some sulfurized olefins, and therefore for certain driveline applications, sulfurized olefins may be added along with the boron-containing additives. In manual transmissions, it is possible that boron- containing EP additives may be adequate, if there is no water present. In embodiments, a mixture of boron-containing and sulfurized olefins may be used as EP components. However, in preferred embodiments, the composition according to the present invention does not use an extreme pressure ingredient containing boron.
  • Oil soluble antiwear and/or extreme pressure agents that are typically used in industrial gear and drivelines fluids are for the most part partially or full esterified acids of phosphorus. All of these are considered for this invention. They can include the following: acid phosphates, hydrogen phosphites, phosphites, phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, and phosphoroamidates. They can also include the sulfur analogs of all of these.
  • Examples include mono, di and trihydrocarbyl phosphites; mono, di, and trihydrocarbyl phosphates; mono, di, and trihydrocarbyl mono, di , tri, tetrathiophosphates; mono, di, trihydrocarbyl mono, di, tri, tetrathiophosphites; various hydrocarbyl phosphonates and thiophosphonates; various hydrocarbyl phosphonites and thiophosphonites, etc.
  • tricresyl phosphate examples include tricresyl phosphate, tributylphosphite, triphenyl phosphite, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, di-isooctyl phosphate, diisobutylhydrogen phosphite, diisopropyl dithiophosphate, diphenyl phosphate, etc. All of the amine salts that can be formed with these materials are also included and the types of amines that can be used are described in a later section.
  • the preferred embodiments are the mono and di-alkyl acid phosphates, e.g.
  • the level of elemental phosphorus in the formulated lubricant composition according to the invention is about 0.01-1 wt %, more preferably 0.03-0.5 wt %.
  • a preferred but optional additive is a rust inhibitor.
  • Rust inhibitors may be any oil-soluble basic amine or combinations of amines.
  • the amines can be primary, secondary, tertiary, acyclic or cyclic, mono or polyamines. They can also be heterocyclic.
  • the amine-containing components can also contain other substituents, e.g. ether linkages or hydroxyl moieties.
  • the preferred amines are generally aliphatic in nature.
  • Some specific examples include: octylamine, decylamine, ClO, C12, C14 and C16 tertiary alkyl primary amines (or combinations thereof), laurylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, decenylamine, dodecenylamine, palmitoylamine, oleylamine, linoleylamine, di-isoamylamine, di-octylamine, di-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, dilaurylamine, cyclohexylamine, 1, 2-propylene amine, 1,3-propylenediamine, diethylene triamine, Methylene tetraamine, ethanolamine, triethanolamine, trioctylamine, pyridine, morpholine, 2-methylpiperazine, l,2-bis(N-piperazinyl- ethane), tetraamin
  • amines for this invention to serve as rust inhibitors are oil-soluble aliphatic amines in which the aliphatic group is a tertiary alkyl group.
  • exemplary of such amines include PrimeneTM 8 IR and PrimeneTM JMT, commercially available from Rohmax.
  • amines combine with the acid phosphates to form salts, which are also effective as antirust and antiwear agents.
  • the salts of the phosphates and amines may be formed prior to addition to the lubricant composition or they may be formed in situ after the acid phosphate and amine are added to the additive package or to the formulated lubricant.
  • Amides, imides, and imidazolines, oxazolidones, and other related nitrogen-containing species can also be present as rust inhibitors, friction modifiers, or to serve some other purpose.
  • Some examples of these include the reaction products of dodecenylsuccinic anhydride (DDSA) and tetraethylene pentamine, the reaction products of oleic acid and tetraethylene pentamine, the reaction products of diethylene triamine and DDSA, the reaction products of triethanolamine and nonanoic acid and the like.
  • DDSA dodecenylsuccinic anhydride
  • DDSA tetraethylene pentamine
  • oleic acid and tetraethylene pentamine the reaction products of diethylene triamine and DDSA
  • the reaction products of triethanolamine and nonanoic acid and the like include the reaction products of dodecenylsuccinic anhydride (DDSA) and tetraethylene pentamine, the reaction products of oleic acid and tetraethylene pentamine, the reaction products of diethylene triamine and DDSA, the reaction products of triethanolamine and nonanoic acid and the like.
  • DDSA dodecenyl
  • a preferred but optional additive is at least one dispersant and/or cleanliness agent.
  • Dispersants serve inter alia to keep sludge and varnish particles from coating on the gear surfaces. Numerous such agents are per se known in the art. There are no particular restrictions on the type to be used. They may be used singly or in combinations. They may be borated, partially borated or unborated. Typical examples of nitrogen-containing dispersants include alkylsuccinimides, alkenylsuccinimides, boron-containing alkylsuccinimides, boron-containing alkenylsuccinimides, benzylamines compounds (Mannich bases), polybutenylamines, succinic acid ester compounds, and the like.
  • nitrogen-containing dispersants are selected from alkylsuccinimides, alkenylsuccinimides, and the boron-containing analog of both of these.
  • the especially preferred ashless dispersants for use in this invention are the products of reaction of a polyethylene polyamine, e.g. Methylene tetraamine pentaamine, with a hydrocarbon-substituted anhydride made by the reaction of a polyolefin, preferably 700-1400 and especially 800 - 1200 with an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, e.g. maleic anhydride.
  • the ashless dispersants can be borated to form ashless boron-containing dispersants using suitable boron-containing compounds: boron acids, boron oxides, boron esters, and amine or ammonium salts of boron acids.
  • suitable boron-containing compounds include boron acids, boron oxides, boron esters, and amine or ammonium salts of boron acids.
  • Another preferred but still optional ingredient in the composition according to the invention include an antioxidant to protect the composition and reduce the decomposition by oxygen, especially at elevated temperatures.
  • Typical antioxidants include hindered phenolic antioxidants, secondary aromatic amine antioxidants, and sulfurized phenolic antioxidants.
  • antioxidants include diphenylamines, alkylated diphenylamines, phenyl-alpha-napthylamines, and t- butylphenol derivatives, styryl phenol and its derivatives.
  • one of the most common classes of antioxidants are the nitrogen-containing antioxidants, e.g, aromatic amine antioxidants such as diphenylamines, alkylated diphenylamines, and phenyl- ⁇ -napthylamines.
  • Anti-foam agents are also a preferred but still optional ingredient, useful to prevent or reduce the formation of stable foam.
  • Typical anti-foam agents include silicone or organic polymers such as acrylate polymers. Some specific examples of anti-foam agents include polymethylacrylate and polybutylacrylate. One such alkylacrylate polymeric defoamer, Mobilad C-402, is commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company.
  • the anti- foaming ingredient may be added to the finished lubricant rather than or in addition to adding it to the additive package. Additional antifoam compositions are described in "Foam Control Agent," by Henry T. Kerner (Noyes Data Corporation, 1976, pp 125-162).
  • ingredients that may be included are detergents, both metal and non-metal-containing, seal swell agents, friction modifiers, anti-chatter agents, and the like.
  • formulated lubricant composition including necessary ingredients and optional ingredients, has been set forth in detail above, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that typically the above ingredients will be blended into an additive package or add pack which the oil formulators will add to a basestock or other fluids, e.g., carrier, hydraulic fluid, solvent, etc.
  • mass ratio of sulfur to triazole-containing species while not critical to a composition according to the invention, in embodiments it is 150:1 or less and in preferred embodiments it is 100:1 or less and still more preferred embodiments, it is 75:1 or less.
  • the lower limit of sulfur to triazole derivative will be about 10:1. It will be recognized that certain basestocks may contain appreciable amounts of sulfur-containing species and the amount of sulfur contributed by the basestock should not be included in the aforementioned ratio.
  • the additives may be combined in whole or in part into an additive package, or they may be added separately to the final lubricant composition or other functional fluid. The blending operations in any of these cases do not need to be complex. They may involve simply mixing together in suitable proportions all the appropriate components. Those who are skilled in the art would be familiar with suitable procedures and for formulating and blending additive concentrates and lubricant compositions.
  • the order of addition is not critical unless in order to control exotherms it is necessary to alter the order, which may be determined by one of skill in the art without more than routine experimentation.
  • agitation with a mechanical stirrer is typically desirable to facilitate blending.
  • Some practitioners may wish to apply heat while blending. Generally, heating the blend between 40° and 100 0 C will be sufficient. Naturally, the temperatures should be chosen so as not to cause any unwanted chemical reactions or thermal degradation. Blending under an inert atmosphere may be beneficial. Blending the finished lubricants is equally as straightforward.
  • basestock and base oil are used interchangeably herein. Fluids that can meet the criteria of base oil for lubricant and functional fluids are varied. They may fall into any of the well-known American Petroleum Institute (API) categories of Group I through Group V.
  • the API defines Group I stocks as solvent-refined mineral oils. Group I stocks contain the most unsaturates and sulfur and have the lowest viscosity indices. Group I defines the bottom tier of lubricant performance. Group II and III stocks are high viscosity index and very high viscosity index base stocks, respectively.
  • the Group III oils contain fewer unsaturates and sulfur than the Group II oils. With regard to certain characteristics, both Group II and Group III oils perform better than Group I oils, particularly in the area of thermal and oxidative stability.
  • Group FV stocks consist of polyalphaolefms, which are produced via the catalytic oligomerization of linear alphaolefins (LAOs), particularly LAOs selected from C5-C14 alphaolefms, preferably from 1-hexene to 1-tetradecene, more preferably from 1-octene to 1-dodecene, and mixtures thereof, with 1-decene being the preferred material, although oligomers of lower olefins such as ethylene and propylene, oligomers of ethylene/butene-1 and isobutylene/butene-1, and oligomers of ethylene with other higher olefins, as described in U.S. Patent 4,956,122 and the patents referred to therein, and the like may also be used.
  • PAOs offer superior volatility, thermal stability, and pour point characteristics to those base oils in Group I, II, and III.
  • Group V includes all the other base stocks not included in Groups I through IV.
  • Group V base stocks includes the important group of base stocks based on or derived from esters. It also includes alkylated aromatics, polyinternal olefins (PIOs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), etc.
  • Such additional but optional ingredients that may be beneficial in the final lubricant or functional fluid composition that are typically not classified in the art as “additive” per se but are included in this scope of this invention are pour point depressants, viscosity index modifiers, thickeners, e.g. polyisobutylene, and tackifiers.
  • the fluids contained an extreme pressure additive chosen from sulfurized isobutylene and a P-containing antiwear additive. PAO and ester were used as base oils. The fluid was tested against several of the key performance tests in the proposed Eaton PS 164 rev 7 specification, which is known in the art.
  • lubricant compositions of the present invention show a significant improvement over conventional gear and transmission lubricants.
  • a series of lubricant compositions were prepared using synthetic base stocks.
  • the additives included in each composition are listed in Table 1 and include extreme pressure, antiwear, anti-corrosion, cleanliness, etc. agents.
  • the three extreme pressure additives used differ in their sulfur content. The first contains a level of sulfur ranging from 47-52 wt %; the second from 45- 49 wt %; the third from 41-46 wt %.
  • the base stocks used in examples A-E and comparative examples F and G include the following: 2 or 4 centistoke (cSt) polyalphaolefm (PAO), a shear stable polyisobutylene, e.g. BP's IndopolTM H- 300, and a high viscosity 150 cSt PAO, commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company. Table 1. Compositions of Invention and Comparative Examples
  • One of the advantages of embodiments of the present invention is the ability of S, P-based EP/antiwear agents to provide for an increase in the EP properties, while at the same time improving the micropitting and corrosion performance of the fluid.
  • the present inventors believe that the excellent performance seen in the extended Eaton Copper Corrosion Test is attributable in large part to the synergy obtained when both a triazole-containing derivative and a thiadiazole-containing derivative are present.
  • the present inventors are unaware of other lubricant compositions containing S, P-based EP/antiwear additives that are able to meet these new requirements.
  • the lubricant compositions of this invention also performed well in a micropitting test, which has become a desired feature of new transmission fluids. [0084]
  • the lubricant compositions of the present invention may be utilized, for example, in automotive transmissions, industrial gear boxes or in other applications where lubricants come into contact with copper or copper- containing alloys.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention include: (a) a lubricant composition suitable for use as a lubricating oil, said composition comprising at least one triazole-contaming species and at least one thiadiazole- containing species; which may be further limited by one or more of the following limitations: said composition comprising at least one triazole-containing species and at least one species from the group consisting of dimercaptothiadiazole and alkylated derivatives thereof; said composition wherein the triazole-containing species is tolyltriazole; said composition further characterized by a ratio of thiadiazole-containing species to triazole-containing species of from about 20:1 to about 1:10, or more preferably about 10:1 to about 1:1; said composition further comprising at least one ingredient selected from (i) at least one sulfur-containing or boron-containing extreme pressure agent; and (ii) at least one phosphorus- containing antiwear agent; said composition further characterized by having a ratio of sulfur to triazole-containing species of less than about 150:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions comprenant au moins une espèce contenant du triazole et au moins une espèce contenant du thiadiazole, qui dans les modes de réalisation sont adéquates pour les huiles à transmission manuelle.
PCT/US2006/010943 2005-04-22 2006-03-23 Protection contre la corrosion amelioree pour les lubrifiants WO2006115666A1 (fr)

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