WO2006104426A2

WO2006104426A2 - Roofing system

Info

Publication number: WO2006104426A2
Application number: PCT/RU2006/000149
Authority: WO
Inventors: Evgeny Mikhailovich Pugin
Original assignee: PREOBRAZHENSKY, Denis Vladimirovich
Priority date: 2005-03-30
Filing date: 2006-03-29
Publication date: 2006-10-05
Also published as: EP1876311A2; EA200702067A1; WO2006104426A3; EA011339B1

Abstract

The invention relates to building construction and is used for building sloping roofs of different-purpose buildings. The inventive roofing system consists of roof tiles, horizontal parallel base blocks and fittings. The visible external surfaces of the roof tiles are embodied in several variants which are united by a multipurpose locking device provided with similar configuration and connection dimensions, thereby making it possible to assembly diversified roofing patterns. Each tile is provided with fixing holes embodied in the top and side parts thereof and a tingle embodied in the middle part of the wedge flange of a shape-generating tile edge. The position of the fixing holes is selected in such a way that the holes of each previous row coincide with holes of each successive row of the roofing. The roof tile fixation is embodied in such a way that it is not visible and mounted on wooden or metal perforated blocks. The roof tiles are assembled on said perforated metal blocks in a constructor manner. Said invention makes it possible to improve the roofing quality and reliability and eases the roof tile mounting for forming a roof.

Description

ROOFING SYSTEM

The invention relates to the field of construction and is intended to create roof coatings for buildings for various purposes.

The tile and roof of this tile is known. The tile is an irregular hexagon in plan, having wedge-shaped ribs around the perimeter of the figure (patent GB Ks 2242696, 1991). A disadvantage of the known design is the low quality of roofing and the lack of versatility.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is a tile and a roof from this tile. The tile is a plate made in plan in the form of a circle with two sickle-shaped symmetrical recesses and with wedge-shaped stiffening ribs located along the perimeter of the plate and directed upward along the length of the crescent-shaped recesses and down the length of the circle. The roof consists of parallel rows of tiles, in which the tiles of even and odd rows are shifted horizontally relative to each other by half of their figure, and each tile of the next row is laid part of its back surface on two tiles of the previous row, (patent RU N ° 2037042, 1995 , Fig. 8).

A roof drawn from such a tile has several significant drawbacks, due to the fact that when laying the roof, two pairs of circles of the tiles used in it when forming the roofing, touch each other in pairs, when one pair is applied to another, and at the point of contact and intersection they give a point . In this regard, there is completely no shelter for the places of attachment of tiles of the underlying row along the slope of the roof covering with tiles of the overlying row, which will inevitably lead to leaks in the most critical places. Moreover, the mounting holes located on both sides of the axis of symmetry during installation will be extended cantilever above the upper mounting point. This can lead either to vibration of the roof under wind loads, or to its destruction or to

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) deformations of tiles, depending on the material used in the manufacture and strength of action of fasteners on the body of tiles.

Significant disadvantages of the known design are also: weak roof resistance to wind loads due to the lack of fastening in the greater visible part of the tile, as well as the possibility of capillary penetration of moisture in the places of gapless contact of the external and internal wedge-shaped ribs.

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating a universal tile, which can be used for the manufacture of roofing of buildings for various purposes with unlimited coverage, as well as creating a universal roofing system consisting of a universal tile, base and fasteners that make up a single creative concept and designed for pitched roofs.

The technical result that can be achieved by using the claimed invention is to improve the quality, including reliability, of the roof covering, in which the claimed universal tile is used, to facilitate the installation of tiles during the formation of the roof and to improve the quality of installation, and the ability to assemble various original drawings roofing with a different surface to be coated and from tiles with different external surfaces, excluding the possibility of displacement of tiles relative to each other Ruga in a formed roofing.

In accordance with the claimed invention, a tile structure is proposed that includes opposite wedge-shaped stiffening ribs and is made in plan in the form of a symmetrical figure with two sickle-like (arcuate) recesses in the upper invisible part covered by roof tiles. All wedge-shaped ribs uniformly decrease along the perimeter of the tile shape along the axis of symmetry up. Of these wedge-shaped stiffening ribs, two ribs pass along the arcuate edges

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) crescent-shaped recesses, and another stiffening rib opposite them is the shaping edge of the visible surface of the tile.

The specified forming edge is defined by tangents to the generating figure, which is an oval or circle whose diameter is equal to the width of the oval. As a result, we obtain the figures of the tiles with a variable external shape, and, with an increasing number of the mentioned tangents to the forming figure, the external shape of the tile figure tends to the forming figure, that is, to an oval or to a circle. One of the options for the external shape of the tile may be an oval or circle.

The part of the tile that, when forming the roofing, is covered with tiles of the overlying row of the roofing (with elements of this part of the tile extending beyond the forming figures along the symmetry axis upwards), is universal (identical) for all possible shapes of the outer surface formed by tangents to the forming figures one kind and size. In the text of the description, this universal part of the tile is called upper or invisible.

The tile has fixing holes:

- a hole for fixing tiles for a supporting fastener (clamp), made in the middle part of the forming edge along the axis of symmetry;

- two holes in the upper, along the axis of symmetry, part of the tile, designed to fix the supporting fastener (clammer) and the side parts of adjacent tiles; and holes in the sides of the tiles.

The location of the mounting holes is selected from the condition that the holes in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row can be combined with the corresponding holes in the upper part of the tiles of the underlying row, and each fastening element passes through the body of the two tiles, avoiding the displacement of the tiles relative to each other.

The upper (invisible) part of the tile is made with the possibility of providing the necessary anticapillary gap between the

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) outer wedge-shaped ribs (i.e. wedge-shaped ribs passing along the arched edges of the crescent-shaped recesses and wedge-shaped ribs of the forming edges), as well as with the ability to provide the necessary overlap. In this case, when using the concept of “overlap”, this means the position of the tiles in the roofing, in which the lower parts of the tiles of the overlying row cover the upper parts of the tiles of the lower row along the slope of the roofing.

It is possible to make a tile, in which a circle is the forming figure for the lower part of the tile, and an oval for the upper part.

It is also possible to make a tile in which an oval is the forming figure for the lower part of the tile, and a circle is for the upper part.

The tiles can be made of metal, ceramic, polymer concrete or composite materials.

Another object of the claimed invention is a roof, consisting of parallel rows of tiles laid in a roof covering on parallel horizontal bars. In this case, the tiles of even and odd rows are shifted horizontally relative to each other by half of their figure, and each tile of the next row is superimposed by a part of its back surface on two tiles of the previous row. Tiles are, in terms of figures, made on the basis of closed curves defining their construction: either circles of the same diameter or ovals of the same size, or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part or in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part or in their lower part whose diameter is equal to the width of the semi-oval, with the formation of the lower and upper parts. The mentioned lower parts of the tiles form its visible surface in the roof, and the mentioned upper parts - its invisible surface, covered with tiles of an overlying row. The lower part of the tile has the shape of a body, the external forming edge of which is formed by a semicircle or semi-oval, which determine the construction of the figure of the tile, or the shape of the figured body, external

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the forming edge of which is formed by at least two tangents to the said semicircle or to the said semi-oval in combination with arched sections of this semicircle or semi-oval, or without these arched sections. The external forming edge of each tile is a wedge-shaped rib protruding from the back of the tile, made with a uniformly decreasing height towards the top of the tile. The upper part of each tile is made symmetrical, and is limited by lateral arcuate recesses, the edges of which are wedge-shaped ribs protruding from the frontal surface of the tile with uniformly decreasing height towards the upper part of the tile, congruent to the wedge-shaped ribs of the forming edges of the lower part of the tile. In the body of each tile there are mounting holes, two of which are made in the lateral parts of the tile, and two others in the mounting section, which is a continuation of the upper part of the tile and extends beyond the closed curve determining the shape of the tile. The location of the mounting holes is selected from the condition of ensuring the possibility of combining the holes in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row of roofs with the holes in the mounting section of the tiles of the underlying row of roofing. The roof is formed from tiles having the same forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above forms, or formed using tiles having different forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above forms, in any combination both in the rows making up the roof and inside these rows .

It is possible that such a tile is used in the roof, in which the circle is the forming figure for the lower part of the tile, and an oval for the upper part.

It is also possible that the tiles used in the roof are in such a way that the forming figure for the lower part of the tile is an oval, and for the upper part - a circle.

The roof tiles used in the roof can be made of metal, ceramic, polymer concrete, or composite material.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The wedge-shaped rib of the lower part of the tile has an opening located in its middle part, into which a fastening element, a clamp, is installed.

According to one of the embodiments shown in the description, the fastening element - the clamp is shaped like a hook, the rectilinear part of which is designed to be installed in the hole made in the wedge-shaped rib of the forming edge of the tile, and its curved part - with the possibility of covering the fastening section of the tile from the back .

According to another embodiment, the fastening element - clamp is made in the form of a plate with a rod fixed on it, which serves for installation in a hole made in the wedge-shaped edge of the forming edge of the tile, and in the plate there are two holes located on opposite sides of the rod, the location of which is selected from conditions for ensuring the combination of these holes with mounting holes made in the tiles.

The bars, on which parallel rows of tiles are laid, can be made of wood. ''

Each of the bars on which parallel rows of tiles are laid can be made in the form of a metal profile, the bearing part of which adjacent to the tiles is provided with holes or protrusions, the location of which is selected to ensure that these holes or protrusions are combined with the fixing holes made in the tile . Moreover, this location of the holes or protrusions is universally suitable for all types of the claimed tiles, regardless of its shape and material of manufacture.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4 show some possible modifications of the outer surface of the tiles, formed by tangents to the base figure representing a circle;

- in FIG. 5 shows a basic tile shape forming an oval;

FIXED SHEET (RULE 91) - in FIG. 6 shows the basic figure of the tile, the forming of which is a circle;

- in FIG. 7 is the same bottom view along the axis of symmetry;

- in FIG. 8 - same, left view;

- in FIG. 9 and 10 show a fastener (clamp) and a method for installing it;

- in FIG. 11 and 12 show transition figures of tiles;

- in FIG. 13 shows a section of a roof (roof covering);

- in FIG. 14 - the simplest construction of a roof pattern;

- in FIG. 15 shows the principle of mounting tiles;

- in FIG. 16 - individual tiles with various shaping edges;

- in FIG. 17 - roof using tiles with various shaping edges;

- in FIG. 18 shows a bar made of a metal profile with landing holes for laying tiles in a roof covering, top view;

- in FIG. 19 - execution of a bar of metal profile with landing holes for laying tiles in the roof covering, side view;

- in FIG. 20 - implementation of a bar of metal profile with landing tabs for laying tiles in the roof covering, top view;

- in FIG. 21 - implementation of a bar of metal profile with landing tabs for laying tiles in the roof covering, side view;

- in FIG. 22 shows an embodiment of a fastening element (clamp) in the form of a metal plate with a metal rod fixed in it, front view;

- in FIG. 23 shows an embodiment of a fastener (clamp) in the form of a metal plate with a metal rod fixed in it, side view;

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) - in FIG. 24 shows the position of the fastener (clamp), made in the form of a metal plate with a metal rod fixed in it, when installed on a metal profile with mounting holes;

- in FIG. 25 shows the position of the fastening element (clamp), made in the form of a metal plate with a metal rod fixed in it, when installed on a metal profile with landing tabs.

The roof consists of parallel rows of tiles 1, in which the tiles of even rows 2 and odd rows 3 are displaced in the horizontal direction relative to each other by half of their figure (Figs. 14, 15, 16). Moreover, each tile 1 of the next row is superimposed by a part of its back surface on two tiles 1 of the previous row.

The tiles used in the roof are symmetrical in plan, made on the basis of their construction: circles O 'of the same diameter (Figs. 1-4) or ovals O "of the same size (Fig. 5), or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part (Fig. 12), whose diameter is equal to the width of the semi-oval, or semi-circles of the same size in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their lower part (Fig. 11), whose diameter is equal to the width of the semi-oval. it is from the lower part 4 and the upper part 5 (with respect to the location of these parts of the tile in the roof). The lower part 4 is located on one side of the axis B, namely below this axis. The upper part of the tile is located on the other side of the axis B, and exactly above this axis.The lower parts of 4 tiles 1 (located under line B - see Figs. 5 - 6, 11, 12) form its visible surface in the roof, and the upper parts of 5 tiles 1 (located under line B - see fig. . 5 - 6, 11, 12) form in the roof its so-called invisible surface, located under the tiles of the overlying row of the roof.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The lower part 4 of the tile 1 may be in the form of a body, the outer forming edge 6 of which has the shape of a semicircle 7 (Fig. 4, 6, 11) or semi-circle 8 (Fig. 5, 12), which determine the construction of the figure of the tile.

The lower part 4 of the tile 1 may be in the shape of a figured body, the outer forming edge 6 of which is formed by at least two tangents to the semicircle 7 or to the semi-shaft 8 in combination with arched sections of this semicircle or semi-circular, or without these arcuate sections. In FIG. 1 shows a tile, the outer forming edge 6 of which is formed by two tangents 9 to the semicircle 7 and arcuate sections 10 of this semicircle, and in FIG. 2 and 3, shingles are shown, the outer forming edge 6 of which is formed respectively by five and four tangents 9 to the semicircle 7.

The external forming edge 6 of each tile 1 is a wedge-shaped rib 12 protruding from the back surface 11 of the tile 12, made with a uniformly decreasing height towards the upper part 5 of the tile.

The upper part 5 of each tile 1 is made symmetrical, and is limited by lateral arcuate (crescent) recesses 13. The edges of the recesses 13 are wedge-shaped ribs 15 protruding from the front of the tile surface 14 of the tile 15 with a height uniformly decreasing towards the top of the tile 1, congruent with wedge-shaped ribs 12 forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 of the tile.

The wedge-shaped stiffeners used in the construction of tiles simultaneously serve as internal and external water-repellent systems and uniformly decrease to nothing along the perimeter of the tile shape along the axis of symmetry up.

In the body of each tile 1 there are mounting holes. Two mounting holes 16 are made in the lateral parts of the tiles. Two more mounting holes 17 are made in the mounting section 18, which is a continuation of the upper part 5 of the tile 1 and goes beyond the defining

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the construction of a tile of a closed curve (position O 'or O "). In figures 1 - 6, 11 and 12, you can see that section 18 is located above the line B.' The location of the mounting holes 16 and 17 is selected from the condition of ensuring the possibility of combining holes 16 in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row of roofing with holes 17 in the mounting section 18 of the tiles of the underlying row of roofing.

The wedge-shaped rib 12 of the lower part 4 of the tile 1 has an opening 19 made in the middle of this rib 12 and along the axis of symmetry of the tile.

As a result, each tile 1, regardless of the external shape of the surface, has five holes (16, 17 and 19), strictly oriented on the figure of the tile, thereby achieving the self-leveling effect when laying the roof, since the mounting holes 16 in the sides of the overlying row during installation are combined with the corresponding mounting holes 17 in the upper part of the tile of the underlying row (Fig. 15). The fastening element passing through the body of the two tiles (screw 21) does not allow the displacement of the tiles relative to each other. The hole 19, made in the middle of the wedge-shaped ribs 12, is located along the axis of symmetry of the tiles. When installing the tiles, a fastener is used - a clamp 20.

In one embodiment, the clamp 20 may be in the form of a hook from a spring wire, as shown in FIG. 9 and 10. The rectilinear portion 22 of the clammer 20 is configured to be installed in the hole 19 provided in the wedge-shaped rib 12. The curved portion 23 of the clammer 20 is configured to cover the fastening portion 18 of the tile from its back surface and is secured under the tile body between the two fasteners (with screws 21) of the previous row (Figs. 9, 10 and 15).

In another embodiment, the clamp 20 is made in the form of a metal plate 24 with a metal rod 25 fixed on it (Fig. 22, 23, 24), which is installed in the hole 19, made in the wedge-shaped rib 12. In the plate 24 there are two holes 26 located along different sides of the rod 25. The location of the holes 26 is selected from the condition

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the combination of these holes with the mounting holes 16 and 17. made in the tiles 1.

To form the roof, horizontal parallel rows of bars 27 are used, on which parallel rows of tiles 1 are laid. The bars 27 can be made of wood or of a metal profile.

When the bars 27 are made of a metal profile (Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21), the supporting part 28 of this profile is provided with protrusions 29 or holes 30. The location of the protrusions 29 or holes 30 is selected to ensure that these protrusions or holes are aligned with the mounting holes 16 and 17 made in shingles 1.

Tiles 1 can be made of metal, ceramic, polymer concrete or composite materials.

In FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shows the principle of constructing figures of tiles 1 used in the roof. The basic elements on the basis of which the figures of tiles are built are an oval or circle, relative to which the part of the figure of a tile is defined, which, when the roof is formed, forms its visible surface (i.e., a surface that is not covered by tiles of the overlying row when forming the roof).

There is no fundamental difference in the methods for calculating the visible parts of tile 1 around different generatrix figures.

An example is the construction of tiles around a circle.

Axis A is the axis of symmetry, and axis B is located at an angle of 90 ° to axis A, passes through the center of the circle and at the points of intersection with the circle limits the visible part of the tile shapes. To achieve universality, the diameter of the circles is the same for all figures.

The upper part 5 of tile 1 (that is, the part that, when forming the roof, forms its so-called invisible surface) in plan is a complex figure consisting of a part of the field, which is formed by a semicircle lying above axis B, after isolating two symmetrical sections from it circles with radius R. Radius R is less

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) radius R of the circumference of the total total thickness of the wedge-shaped ribs 15 (Fig. 6), the wedge-shaped ribs 12 (Fig. 6) and the anti-capillary gap 31 (Fig. 9), which is at least 2-3 mm. The centers of radii R ¹ are located at points C lying on the tangents A 'and A ", below the point of intersection with the tangent B ¹ by the value h, where h = 1/20 of the diameter of the circle having a radius R.

The fixing portion 18. extending beyond the forming figure is a continuation of the upper part 5 of the figure and straightly rises upward along the symmetry axis at a distance of 2h from the intersection point of axis A with tangent B '.

Such a solution provides shelter of the tiles of the underlying row with tiles of the overlying row in the most critical joint by at least 2h.

As a result of the above constructions, figures of tiles with various external shapes are obtained. In this case, the upper part 5 of the tile 1 with the fixing section 18 extending beyond the generatrix of the figure is universal, i.e. the same for all possible figures of the lower part of the tiles formed by tangents to the forming figures of the same type and size.

In the manufacture of tiles from brittle material and the use of a clammer made in accordance with the first option (Fig. 9, 10), it is necessary to provide flats under the clammer on the back of the tile figure between the two mounting holes 17. These flats should be made commensurate with the length of the clamped curved part 23 of the clammer and the diameter of the wire used in the manufacture of the clammer.

In the manufacture of metal tiles or composite flexible materials and the use of wooden blocks 27 during installation, the clamp is simply hammered in between the bars 27 and the fastening section 18 of the tile that extends beyond the forming figure.

The presence of a clammer holding the wedge-shaped rib 12 of the lower part 4 of the tile 1 significantly increases the reliability of the roofing, and when

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the manufacture of metal tiles or composite flexible material allows you to cover the curved surfaces of the roof slopes.

The formation of the roof from the tiles 1 begins with the installation on the cord of the cornice elements 32, in which strictly oriented mounting holes for screws 21 and clamps 20 are provided, which completely repeat the mounting holes on the tile. In this case, each tile 1 of the first row is hooked by the hole 19 to the corresponding clamp 20, pre-installed on the cornice element, and the holes in the lateral parts of the tile are combined with the corresponding holes on the cornice element, and fixed to the cornice element with screws 21 through the mounting holes 17. When mounting subsequent rows of tiles on wooden or metal bars 27 achieve the matching mounting holes of the cornice elements, tiles and bars.

A high-quality installation of the cornice elements 32 and the first row of tiles ensures the coincidence of all the mounting holes 16 and 17 in the subsequent rows, thereby achieving ease and quality of installation.

The roofing can be made of tiles 1, having the same shape of their lower part 5. However, the roofing, due to the versatility of the tiles 1 used in it, can be made of tiles having different shapes, and constructed on the basis of various closed curves defining their construction ( circles of the same diameter or ovals of the same size, or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part or in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part or in their lower part, diameter which is equal to the half-width), in any possible combination of them both in rows and inside rows. For example, the following combinations of roof tiles are possible:

- all the tiles 1 used in the roof are, in terms of figures, made on the basis of defining their construction circles of the same diameter (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6), while the forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 of the tiles used in in some rows, have the shape of a semicircle (Fig. 4, 6), and the forming edges 6 of the lower part 4

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) shingles used in other rows are formed by tangents to the semicircle (Fig. 1, 2, 3); moreover, such rows can be formed alternating through one, through two, etc .;

- all the tiles 1 used in the roof are, in terms of figures, made on the basis of the ovals (Fig. 5) of the same size that determine their construction, while the forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 of the tiles used in the same rows have the shape of a semi-oval, and the forming edges of the lower part of the tiles used in other rows are formed by tangents to the semi-shaft; moreover, such rows can be formed alternating through one, through two, etc .;

- all the tiles 1 used in the roof are, in terms of figures, made on the basis of defining their construction circles (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) of the same size, while in some rows or in all rows used tiles, having various forming edges 6 of the lower part 4, within this row;

- all the tiles 1 used in the roof are in terms of figures made on the basis of the ovals that determine their construction (Fig. 5) of the same size, while in some rows or in all rows, tiles with different forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 are used, within this row;

- in the roof used rows of tiles 1, built on the basis of circles (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6), and rows of tiles 1, built on the basis of ovals (Fig. 5), as well as rows of so-called transition tiles (Fig. 11 and 12), built on the basis of semi-overs in their upper part and semicircles in their lower part (Fig. 11), and rows of transition tiles, built on the basis of semi-oval in their lower part and semicircles in their upper part (Fig. 12) . In this case, for the transition from the rows of tiles built on the basis of circles (Fig. 1, 2, 3.4, 6) to the rows of tiles built on the basis of ovals (Fig. 5), rows of transition tiles are used (Fig. 11 and 12). Moreover, a number of transition tiles, built on the basis of the circle of tiles built on the basis of circles (Fig. 1, 2, 3.4, 6)

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) semicircles in their lower part and semi-ovals in their upper part (Fig. 11), and then a series of shingles built on the basis of ovals (Fig. 5). For the further transition from the rows of tiles built on the basis of ovals (Fig. 5) to the rows of tiles built on the basis of circles (Figs. 1, 2, 3. 4, 6), a number of transition tiles are also used. Moreover, a number of shingles built on the basis of ovals (Fig. 5) are followed by a series of transitional shingles built on the basis of semi-ovals in their lower part and semicircles in their upper part (Fig. 12), and then a series of shingles built on the basis of circles (Fig. 1, 2, 3.4, 6). In this case, a combination of various shapes of the forming edges 6 of the lower parts 4 of the tiles 1 both between the rows and within the row is possible;

- the roof can be formed only from the rows of transition tiles (Fig. 11 and 12). Moreover, the rows of transition tiles, built on the basis of semicircles in their lower part and semi-ovals in their upper part (Fig. 11), alternate through one with the rows of transition tiles, built on the basis of semi-circles in their lower part and semicircles in their upper part (Fig . 12). In this case, a combination of various shapes of the forming edges 6 of the lower parts 4 of the tiles 1 both between the rows and within the row is possible.

The rows of the roof can be composed of tiles made on the basis of determining their construction circles of the same diameter and / or tiles made on the basis of determining their construction ovals of the same size, and with the possible use of transition tiles, i.e. shingles made on the basis of semi-ovals of the same size determining their construction in their lower part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part and tiles made on the basis of the semi-ovals of their equal size determining their construction in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their lower part.

The use of shingles during the formation of the roof, built on the basis of various closed figures (circles, ovals), transition shingles, as well as the implementation of the forming edges of the lower part of the shingles of various shapes makes it possible to collect a variety of original roofing patterns.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAIM

1. A tile, including opposite wedge-shaped stiffening ribs (12, 15), and made in plan in the form of a symmetrical figure with two arcuate recesses (13) in the upper part, invisible, covered with tiles, of the overlying row (12, 15) uniformly decrease along the perimeter of the tile shape along the axis of symmetry (A) upwards, characterized in that the outer wedge-shaped rib (12) is the shaping edge of the visible surface of the tile, while the specified shaping edge is defined by tangents (9) to the forming figure representing an oval or circle, the diameter of which is equal to the width of the oval, resulting in figures of tiles with a variable external shape, moreover, with an increasing number of the mentioned tangents to the forming figure, the external shape of the tile figure tends to form a figure, that is, an oval or circle, and is considered as a variant of the external shape of the tile figure, while the invisible part of the tile with elements extending beyond the forming figures along the symmetry axis upwards is universal for all possible external figures the surface formed by tangents to the forming figures of the same type and size, and the tile has fixing holes: a hole (19) for fixing the tile to the supporting clamp (20), made in the forming edge in the middle part on the axis of symmetry, two holes (17) in the upper , along the axis of symmetry, the parts of the tile figure, intended for fixing the side parts of adjacent tiles, and the holes (16) in the side parts of the tile, while the location of the mounting holes (16, 17) is selected from the condition of ensuring the possibility of combining from holes (16) in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row with corresponding holes (17) in the upper part of the tiles of the underlying row, and fasteners pass through the body of the two tiles, avoiding displacement of the tiles relative to each other, and the invisible part of the tile is made with the possibility of the necessary

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the anticapillary gap (31) between the inner and outer wedge-shaped ribs (12, 15), as well as the necessary cover for the tiles of the underlying row with the tiles of the overlying row.

2. Roof tiles according to claim I ₅ characterized in that the circumferential shape for the lower part of the tile, and the oval for the upper part.

3. The tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming figure for the lower part of the tile is an oval, and for the upper part - a circle.

4. The tile according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of metal.

5. Roof tiles according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of ceramic.

6. Roof tiles according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of polymer concrete (is this the exact name?).

7. Roof tiles according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of composite material.

8. A roof consisting of parallel rows of tiles (1), in which the tiles of even and odd rows are shifted horizontally relative to each other by half of their figure and each tile of the next row is superimposed by a part of its back surface on two tiles of the previous row, and in which shingles are in terms of figures made on the basis of closed curves that determine their construction: circles of the same diameter or ovals of the same size, or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part or their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part or in their lower part, the diameter of which is equal to the width of the semi-oval, with the formation of the lower and upper parts, the first of which forms its visible surface in the roof, and the second - its invisible, covered with tiles of the overlying row, the surface, while the lower part of the tile has the shape of a body, the outer shaping edge of which is formed by a semicircle or semi-shaft, determining the construction of the figure of the tile, or the shape of a figured body, the outer shaping edge which is formed by at least two tangents to said semicircle or to said at poluovalu

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) combined with arched sections of this semicircle or semi-circular, or without these arcuate sections, and a wedge-shaped rib (12) extends along the outer forming edge of each tile, protruding from the back of the tile, made with uniformly decreasing height towards the top of the tile, and having an opening (19) to accommodate the fastener - clammer (20), located in the middle part of this rib (12), and the upper part of each tile is made symmetrical, and is limited by lateral arcuate patches (13), the edges of which are wedge-shaped ribs (15) protruding from the frontal surface of the tile with a height uniformly decreasing towards the upper part of the tile, congruent to the wedge-shaped ribs (12) of the forming edges of the lower part of the tile (1), while in the body of each shingles (1) there are fixing holes, two of which (16) are made in the lateral parts of the shingles, and two others (17) - in the fastening section (18), which is a continuation of the upper part of the shingles and extends beyond the skull determining the construction of the figure closed loop, and the location of the mounting holes (16 and 17) is selected from the condition of ensuring the possibility of combining holes (16) in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row of roofs with holes (17) in the mounting section (18) of the tiles of the underlying row of the roof, and the roof is formed from tiles having the same forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above forms, or formed using tiles having different forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above forms, in any combination as in rows, with nent roof and within these series.

9. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the forming figure for the lower part of the tile is a circle, and for the upper part - an oval.

10. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the forming figure for the lower part of the tile is an oval, and for the upper part - a circle.

11. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the tile used in it is made of metal.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

12. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the tile used in it is made of ceramic.

13. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the tile used in it is made of polymer concrete.

14. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the tile used in it is made of composite material.

15. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the fastening element - clamp (20) has the shape of a hook, the rectilinear part of which is made with the possibility of installation in the hole (19), made in the wedge-shaped rib (12) of the forming edge of the tile, and its curved part - with the possibility of covering the fastening section (18) of the tile from the side of its back surface.

16. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that the fastening element - clamp (20) is made in the form of a plate (24) with a rod (25) fixed on it, which serves for installation in the hole (19), made in a wedge-shaped rib (12 ) the forming edge of the tile, and in the plate (24) there are two holes (26) located on opposite sides of the rod (25), the location of which is selected from the condition of ensuring the alignment of these holes (26) with mounting holes (16 and 17) made in the tiles.

17. The roof according to claim 8, characterized in that for laying parallel rows of tiles, parallel rows of bars were used in it (27).

18. The roof according to claim 17, characterized in that each of the bars (27) on which parallel rows of tiles are laid is made in the form of a metal profile, the bearing part (28) of which, adjacent to the tiles, is provided with protrusions (29), location which are selected from the condition of ensuring the alignment of these protrusions with mounting holes (16 and 17) made in the tiles.

19. The roof according to claim 17, characterized in that each of the bars (27), on which parallel rows of tiles are laid, is made in the form of a metal profile, the bearing part (28) of which, adjacent to the tiles, has openings (30), location which are selected from the condition of ensuring the alignment of these holes (30) with mounting holes (16 and 17) made in the tiles.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)