EP1876311A2 - Roofing system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a building construction and is used for building slanted roofs of buildings for various purposes. The roof system according to the invention consists of roof tiles, horizontal, parallel base blocks and accessories. The visible, outer surfaces of the roof tiles are designed in several variants, which are united by a multi-purpose locking device, which are provided with similar configuration and connection dimensions. This makes it possible to create different roof patterns. Each roof tile is provided with mounting holes provided in the top and side portions of the tile, and with a cover strip disposed in the middle portion of the wedge flank of a shape-generating brick edge. The position of the mounting holes is selected such that the holes of each previous row coincide with the holes of each subsequent row of the roofing. The attachment of the tile is designed so that it is not visible and is attached to perforated wood or metal blocks. The roof tiles are arranged on these perforated metal blocks in a specific construction. This invention makes it possible to improve the quality and reliability of the roofing and to facilitate the formation of the roof.

Description

The invention belongs to the field of construction and relates to roof tiles and a building roof covering using the roof tiles according to the invention. The invention relates to a roof tile with wedge-shaped opposing ribs and a running in the plan as a symmetrical figure part with two arcuate grooves, wherein the grooves in the top with roof tiles overlying row covered invisible part and wherein the wedge-shaped ribs in their uniform Remove the height at the circumference of the tile shape along an axis of symmetry in the direction from bottom to top.

There are a tile and a roofing made of this tile known. The roof tile is an irregular hexagon in the top view. At its periphery, this tile has wedge-shaped edges (patent GB No. 2242696, 1991 ). The lack of this construction is the low quality of the roof covering and the lack of universality in the assembly and combination of tile shapes.

The reference product closest to the application is a roof tile and the roof covering made from this roof tile RU No. 2037042, 1995 Figure 8. The roof tile is in plan view a circular plate with two crescent-shaped symmetrical grooves and with wedge-shaped support ribs. The support ribs are arranged on the circumference of the plate. They are also directed upward along the crescent-shaped grooves and down along the circle. The roofing consists of parallel rows of such roof tiles. According to the cited document, the roof tiles of the even and odd rows in the horizontal direction are shifted against each other by half their width. Each roof tile of the following row partially overlaps with its rear surface with two roof tiles of the previous row.

The roofing of such a roof tile has some relevant defects. They are due to the fact that in the roofing installation two pairs of circles of the outer shape of the roof tiles used here in the formation of the roof covering touch each other in pairs. This happens when a pair is placed on the pair of pre-assembled row lying below in the roof. At the point of contact and intersection, the borders of the roof tiles form a point where the roofing does not form a cover. Also missing in this arrangement completely the cover of the attachment points of the tiles of the lower row with roof tiles of the top row. Due to the incomplete cover, leakage water can occur at several points of the roof. In addition, the mounting holes are projecting over the upper attachment point projecting during installation. These mounting holes lie on both sides of the symmetry axis. This can lead either to the roofing vibration under the wind load or to their breakage or to a roof tile deformation. This depends on the material used in making the tiles and the effectiveness of the fasteners on the tile body.

When assembling the roof tiles on a battens from the bottom up, a visible lower part of the roof tiles is created in each row as well as one of the above lying row of roof tiles. A major shortcoming of known designs is their low resistance to wind load due to a lack of attachment in the large visible part of the tile. Similarly, in the prior art, the possibility of capillary penetration of moisture at the points of play-free contact of the wedge-shaped outer and inner edges is a disadvantage.

The object of the invention is to provide a roof tile, which can be used to provide a roof covering for buildings with various uses with unlimited ceiling area. This includes the production of the multipurpose roof system, consisting of the roof tile, a substructure and fastening parts. According to the invention, these form a coordinated system and are particularly suitable for durable roofing.

• eine Bohrung zur Befestigung des Dachziegels an einem Stützbefestigungsteil (einer Klammer oder einer Metallplatte). Diese Bohrung ist im mittleren Teil der formbildenden Kante an der Symmetrieachse angeordnet;
• zwei Bohrungen im oberen Teil der Dachziegelform an der Befestigungsstelle links und rechts der Symmetrieachse. Sie sind zur Fixierung des Stützbefestigungsteils und seitlicher Teile der anliegenden Dachziegel bestimmt;
• Bohrungen in den seitlichen Teilen des Dachziegels.

The object of the invention is achieved by the outer wedge-shaped rib is a shape-forming edge of the visible surface of the tile and the wedge-shaped rib is given by the tangents to a roof tile form characterizing element. This characterizing element is an oval or a circle. The diameter of the circle is equal to the oval width. The invisible part of the roof tile is the same for all tile shapes and has an attachment point that extends beyond the boundaries of the characterizing element along the axis of symmetry upwards. The following fixing holes are provided in the tile:

• a hole for fixing the tile to a support fixing part (a clip or a metal plate). This bore is arranged in the middle part of the mold-forming edge on the axis of symmetry;
• two holes in the upper part of the roof tile form at the attachment point left and right of the axis of symmetry. They are intended for fixing the Stützbefestigungsteils and lateral parts of the adjacent roof tiles;
• Holes in the lateral parts of the tile.

The mounting holes are arranged so that an overlap of the holes in lateral parts of the roof tiles in an upper row can be achieved with corresponding holes at the attachment point of roof tiles of a lower row and fasteners penetrate the holes of the upper and the holes of the lower row successively. As a result, a displacement of the tiles is prevented against each other. In this case, the invisible part of the tile is designed so that a required Gegenkapillarabstand between the inner and outer wedge-shaped ribs is ensured. Furthermore, the roof tiles are shaped so that an overlap of the roof tiles of the lower row is guaranteed with roof tiles of the upper row.

The roof tiles according to the invention improve the quality of the roofing produced from them. This concerns the reliability and durability of the roof covering from the registered universal roof tile as well as facilitating the roof tile assembly in the roof forming and quality improvement of the installation itself. Different unique patterns and roofing profiles with different coverable area as well as patterns of roof tiles with different surface properties, shapes and appearance can be placed , The possibility of roof tile displacement relative to each other within the molded roof lining is excluded.

Said form-forming edge is given by the tangents to the element characterizing the roof tile shape. This characterizing element may be an oval or a circle. The diameter of the circle is equal to the oval width. In the end, roof tiles are formed with different outer shape, which can be combined with each other in the roof. It should be noted that as the number of tangents to the characterizing element increases, the outer shape of the roof tile figure becomes more and more the same as the characterizing element, ie oval or circle. One of the possible variants of the outer shape of the tile may be an oval or a circle.

The outer shape of the tile is determined in the lower, visible after assembly, part of the forming edge. The outer shape of the upper part of the roof tile, which is covered by the overlying row after installation, is the same for all roof tiles. In this case, an attachment point projecting upwards through the characterizing element is provided, which ensures that no gaps in the roofing occur.

The upper (invisible) part of the tile is designed to ensure the necessary counter-capillary distance between the inner and outer wedge-shaped ribs. The wedge-shaped ribs are formed by the arcuate edges of crescent-shaped grooves and wedge-shaped ribs of the forming edges. In addition, such design allows the required overlap. The term "overlap" is understood to mean such a roof tile layer in the roof covering, in which the lower roof tile parts of the upper row cover the upper roof tile parts of the lower row on the roof covering.

In one embodiment of the roof tile, the characterizing element for the lower roof tile part is a circle, for the upper part an oval.

In another embodiment of the tile, the characterizing element for the lower roof tile part is an oval, for the upper part a circle.

The roof tile can be made of metal, ceramic, plastic concrete or composite materials.

Another object of the invention is a roofing consisting of parallel horizontal rows of roof tiles. For this purpose, the roof tiles are mounted in the roof covering on parallel horizontal strips in rows from bottom to top. Roof tiles of the even and odd rows are shifted in a horizontal direction against each other by half their shape width. Each roof tile of the following upper row is placed with one part of its dorsal surface on two roof tiles of the preceding row below. The roof tiles have in planforms, which are designed as closed surfaces due to their defining characterizing geometric elements. The characterizing geometric elements may also be circles of equal diameter or ovals of equal dimensions or semi-ovals of equal dimensions in their lower and upper regions, and correspondingly semicircles in their upper or lower regions. The diameter of the circles coincides with the half-oval width when forming the lower and upper regions of the tile. The mentioned lower roof tile areas form in the roof their visible surface, the aforementioned upper areas form the invisible, covered with tiles of each overlying row, surface. The lower portion of the tile has the shape of a body whose outer shape-forming edge through the semicircle or semi-oval is formed. It determines the outer tile shape. The outer mold-forming edge is formed by at least two tangents to said semicircle or semi-oval in conjunction with arcuate portions of this semicircle or semivale. The arcuate areas may also be missing. The outer mold-forming edge of each tile is provided with a protruding in the side view of the rear roof tile surface wedge-shaped rib. The wedge-shaped rib is designed with a uniformly decreasing height from the bottom edge towards the top of the tile. The upper portion of each tile is symmetrical to a vertical axis. It is bounded by arcuate grooves. The edges of the grooves present in side view from the frontal surface of the tile forward protruding wedge-shaped ribs. The height of the ribs decreases evenly in the direction of the upper portion of the tile. They are congruent with the wedge-shaped ribs of the forming edges of the lower portion of the tile. There are mounting holes in the body of each tile. Two of them are in the lateral areas of the tile. Two additional holes are located at an attachment point formed as an extension of the upper portion of the tile. The attachment point extends beyond the boundaries of the characteristic element for the tile shape. The position of the mounting holes is selected so that an overlap of the holes in the lateral roof tile areas of the upper row of roofing with holes is reached at the attachment point of the tiles of the lower row of the roofing. The roofing is formed from the roof tiles, which have the same shape-forming edges of the lower area. They are derived from the above forms. The roofing can also be formed with tiles, which have different shape-forming edges of the lower area. Here, different tile shapes can be used both in successive rows and within a row.

In one embodiment of the roof tile used in the roofing, the characteristic element of the shape of the roof tile for the lower roof tile area is a circle and for the upper area an oval.

In another embodiment of the roof tile used in the roofing, the characteristic element of the shape of the roof tile for the lower roof tile area is an oval and for the upper area a circle.

The roof tile used in the roofing can be made of metal, ceramic, plastic concrete and composite material.

The wedge-shaped rib of the lower roof tile area is provided with a bore. This bore is arranged in the middle region of the rib. The bore is provided for the engagement of a fastener, for example a clamp.

After one of the variants specified in the description, the fastener has the shape of a Hackens. A rectilinear part of the hook is designed so that there is the possibility of inserting the clip into the bore in the wedge-shaped rib of the forming roof tile edge. A bent part of the hook allows the attachment of the hook between the attachment point of the tile and a bar on which the roof tile is attached.

According to another embodiment, the fastening element is designed as a plate with a rod mounted thereon. This rod is used for engagement of the fastener into the hole in the wedge-shaped rib of the forming roof tile edge. There are two holes in the plate, which are to the right and left of the rod. The positions of these holes are chosen so that an overlap of these holes is achieved with the mounting holes in the roof tiles.

In one embodiment, the strips on which the parallel rows of roof tiles are mounted are made of wood.

In a further embodiment, the strips to which the parallel rows of roof tiles are attached, can be designed as a metal profile. A supporting part (supporting body) of the strip, which bears against the roof tiles, is provided with bores or projections. The arrangement of the holes and projections is chosen so that an overlap of these holes or projections with mounting holes in the tile is achieved. Such an arrangement of the holes or projections universally fits all types of registered tile, regardless of its shape and material.

• Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 mögliche Modifikationen der äußeren Dachziegelform, welche durch Tangenten zur Basisfigur mit der Form eines Kreises gebildet sind;
• Fig. 5 Dachziegel mit einem Oval als Basisfigur;
• Fig. 6 Dachziegel mit einem Kreis als Basisfigur;
• Fig. 7 Ansicht des Dachziegels nach Fig.6 entlang der Symmetrieachse;
• Fig. 8 Ansicht des Dachziegels nach Fig. 6 von der linken Seite;
• Fig. 9 und 10 Befestigungselement (Klammer) und seine Anbringungsart;
• Fig. 11 und 12 Übergangsformen von Dachziegeln ;
• Fig. 13 Seitliche Ansicht der Bedachung (des Dachbelags);
• Fig. 14 Aufsicht auf eine Bedachung;
• Fig. 15 Darstellung des Prinzips der Dachziegelmontage;
• Fig. 16 einzelne Dachziegel mit verschiedenen formbildenden Kanten;
• Fig. 17 Bedachung mit Verwendung von Dachziegeln mit verschiedenen formbildenden Kanten;
• Fig. 18 Aufsicht auf eine Leiste aus Metallprofil mit Aufnahmebohrungen zum Verlegen der Dachziegel im Dachbelag;
• Fig. 19 Seitenansicht der Leiste aus Metallprofil mit Aufnahmebohrungen zum Verlegen der Dachziegel im Dachbelag;
• Fig. 20 Aufsicht einer Leiste aus Metallprofil mit Aufnahmevorsprüngen zum Verlegen der Dachziegel im Dachbelag;
• Fig. 21 Seitenansicht der Leiste aus Metallprofil mit Aufnahmevorsprüngen zum Verlegen der Dachziegel in Dachbelag;
• Fig. 22 Aufsicht auf ein Befestigungselement in Form einer Metallplatte mit einem an dieser befestigten Metallstab;
• Fig. 23 Seitenansicht des Befestigungselements nach Figur 22;
• Fig. 24 Lage des Befestigungselements (Klammer), nach Figur 22 bei Montage auf einem Metallprofil mit Aufnahmebohrungen;
• Fig. 25 Lage des Befestigungsteiles (Klammer), nach Figur 22 bei Montage auf einem Metallprofil mit Aufnahmevorsprüngen.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings. Show it:

• Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 possible modifications of the outer roof tile form, which are formed by tangents to the base figure with the shape of a circle;
• Fig. 5 roof tiles with an oval as a basic figure;
• Fig. 6 tile with a circle as a base figure;
• 7 shows a view of the roof tile according to FIG. 6 along the axis of symmetry;
• Fig. 8 View of the roof tile of Figure 6 from the left side.
• Fig. 9 and 10 fastener (clip) and its attachment;
• 11 and 12 transitional forms of roof tiles;
• Fig. 13 Lateral view of the roof (the roof covering);
• FIG. 14 shows a plan view of a roof; FIG.
• Fig. 15 representation of the principle of roof tile assembly;
• Fig. 16 individual roof tiles with different shape-forming edges;
• Fig. 17 Roofing with the use of roof tiles with different shape-forming edges;
• 18 is a plan view of a strip of metal profile with mounting holes for laying the tiles in the roof covering.
• Fig. 19 side view of the strip of metal profile with mounting holes for laying the tiles in the roof covering;
• FIG. 20 is a plan view of a strip of metal profile with receiving projections for laying the roof tiles in the roof covering; FIG.
• Fig. 21 side view of the strip of metal profile with receiving projections for laying the tiles in roof covering;
• FIG. 22 shows a plan view of a fastening element in the form of a metal plate with a metal rod fastened thereto; FIG.
• Fig. 23 side view of the fastener of Figure 22;
• Fig. 24 position of the fastener (clip), according to Figure 22 when mounted on a metal profile with mounting holes;
• Fig. 25 position of the fastening part (clip), according to Figure 22 when mounted on a metal profile with Aufnahmevorsprüngen.

A roofing consists of horizontal parallel rows of tiles 1. The roof tiles 1 are mounted in horizontal rows from bottom to top. In this case, the upper part of the already mounted row of roof tiles 1 is covered by the lower part of the tile 1 of the next row. The roof tiles 1 of straight rows 2 are horizontally shifted by half their width to the roof tiles 1 of odd rows 3 (Figures 14, 15).

The roof tiles 1 used in the roofing are formed in plan view by a symmetrical shape to a vertical axis. This is formed on the basis of a characterizing element. This characterizing element is a circle O 'of the same diameter for different embodiments (Figures 1 to 4) or an oval O "with the same dimensions of the horizontal axis as the circle diameter (Figure 5), or even half-oval with the same dimensions in the lower region and corresponding semicircles in the upper region (Figure 12), whose Diameter of Halbovalbreite is equal. These also include semifinals of the same dimensions in the upper region and, accordingly, semicircles in the lower region (FIG. 11) whose diameter is the same as the half-oval width. Each roof tile consists of a lower area 4 and an upper area 5 (in relation to the position of roofing tiles 1 on the roofing). The lower portion 4 is located on a side of a horizontal axis B, below this axis. The upper portion of the roof tile 1 is located on the other side of the axis B, above this axis. The lower regions 4 of the roof tiles 1 (arranged below the line B - see FIGS. 5 - 6, 11, 12) form the visible surface in the roofing. The upper areas 5 of the tiles 1 form their so-called invisible surface in the roof. This invisible surface is located under the roof tiles of the overlying row of roof tiles 1.

The lower region 4 of the roof tile 1 may have a shape whose outer shape-forming edge 6 has the shape of a semicircle 7 (FIGS. 4, 6, 11) or a half-oval 8 (FIGS. 5, 12).

The lower portion 4 of the roof tile 1 may have the shape of a figure body described below. Its outer mold-forming edge 6 is formed by at least two tangents to a semicircle 7 or a half oval 8 together with the arcuate portions of this semicircle or Halbovals or without these arcuate portions. In Figure 1, a roof tile 1 is shown, the outer shape-forming edge 6 is formed by two tangents 9 to the semicircle 7 and by arcuate portions 10 of this semicircle. In the figures 2 and 3 tiles 1 are shown, the forming edge 6 is formed by five or four tangents 9 to the semicircle 7.

The outer mold-forming edge 6 of each roof tile 1 represents a projecting, seen from the side of the dorsal surface 11 of the roof tile 1, wedge-shaped rib 12. The wedge-shaped rib 12 is executed with a uniformly to the upper region 5 tile 1 decreasing height of.

The upper region 5 of each roof tile 1 is symmetrical to a vertical central axis. This upper region 5 is bounded by lateral arcuate (sickle-shaped) grooves 13. The edges of the grooves 13 are formed as wedge-shaped ribs 15 projecting outwardly from the surface of the roof tile 1 from the roofing surface. The ribs 15 are designed with a height to the upper region 5 of the tile 1 uniformly decreasing. They are also congruent with the wedge-shaped ribs 12 of the forming edge 6 of the lower portion 4 of the roof tile 1. The wedge-shaped ribs 12, 15 used in the roof tile construction simultaneously fulfill the function of the inner and outer water-repellent systems.

The body of each roof tile 1 is provided with fastening bores 16, 17. Two mounting holes 16 are provided in lateral areas of the tile. Two further fastening bores 17 are provided at the upper boundary edge of the roof tile 1 at an attachment point 18. This attachment point 18 is an extension of the upper region 5 of the tile 1. It exceeds the limit of the tile shape of the defining closed curve (circle O 'or oval O "). It can be seen from FIGS. 1-6, 11 and 12 that the The arrangement of the fastening bores 16 and 17 is selected such that an overlap of the bores 16 in the lateral regions of the tiles 1 of the upper row of the roof covering with the holes 17 at the attachment point 18 of the tiles 1 of bottom row of the roof covering can be achieved.

The wedge-shaped rib 12 of the lower portion 4 of the roof tile 1 is provided with a bore 19. This bore 19 is executed in the central region of this rib 12 on the vertical axis of symmetry of the tile.

As a result, each roof tile 1, regardless of the outer surface form five holes (16, 17 and 19). They are precisely positioned on the tile shape, so that a self-balancing effect is achieved in the roofing installation. The mounting holes 16 in lateral areas of the upper row are at the assembly with corresponding mounting holes 17 in the upper region of the roof tile of the underlying row (Figure 15) covered. A passing through the body of two roof tiles fastener, for example, a screw 21, prevents the displacement of the tiles against each other.

The roof tiles 1 are mounted by means of brackets 20. According to one embodiment, the bracket 20 may be made as a hook of spring wire. This is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10. A rectilinear part 22 of the bracket 20 is designed so that it can engage in the bore 19. The bore 19 is present in the wedge-shaped rib 12. A bent portion 23 of the bracket 20 is designed to surround the attachment point 18 of the tile from its rear surface. The bent part 23 of the bracket 20 is fixed under the roof tile body between two screws 21 of the previously mounted row of roof tiles 1 (Figures 9, 10 and 15).

According to an embodiment variant shown in FIGS. 22, 23 and 24, instead of the clamp 20, a metal plate 24 with a rod 25 attached thereto, for example a metal rod, is used for fastening. The rod 25 is installed in the bore 19 which is provided in the wedge-shaped rib 12. In the metal plate 24, two holes 26 are provided, which lie laterally of the rod 25. The location of the holes 26 is chosen so that the overlap of these holes can be achieved with the mounting holes 16 and 17 in the roof tiles 1.

For the formation of the roofing, as shown in Figures 13 and 15, horizontal parallel rows of strips 27 is used, on which the parallel rows of roof tiles 1 are mounted. The strips 27 may be made of wood or a metal profile.

When machining the strips 27 from the metal profile (Figures 18, 19, 20, 21), a support member 28 of this profile with projections 29 or holes 30 is provided. The position of the projections 29 or holes 30 is selected so that a Covering these projections or holes with the mounting holes 16 and 17 in the roof tiles 1 is achieved.

The roof tile 1 may be made of metal, ceramic, plastic concrete or composite materials.

In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, examples of shapes of roof tiles 1 are shown. These forms are used in the roofing. As base elements on the basis of which tile shapes are formed, ovals or circles are used. With regard to these basic elements, individual areas of the tile shape are characterized. At the same time, the shape of the base element also characterizes the shape of the area of the roof tile 1 visible after installation. The following description applies analogously to all different basic shapes of the roof tiles 1 and is explained using the example of a circular basic shape.

The vertical axis A is an axis of symmetry and the horizontal axis B is normal (90 °) to the axis A. The axis B passes through the center of the circle and limits in the intersections with the circle the visible area of the tile shape. To ensure the interchangeability and combinability of roof tiles 1 of different shapes, the circle diameter is the same for all shapes.

The upper region 5 of the roof tile 1, ie that region which forms its so-called invisible surface in the roofing shaping, is shown in plan view as a composite form. This shape consists of a part which is formed by a semicircle lying above the axis B, namely after two circular segment-shaped, symmetrical to the symmetry axis A areas have been spared from the form. These circle segments have a radius R '. The radius R 'is smaller than the radius R of the circle forming the base element, namely by the total thickness of the wedge-shaped rib 15 (FIG. 6), the wedge-shaped rib 12 (FIG. 6) and the countercapping distance 31 (FIG. 9). Accordingly, this total thickness amounts to at least 2 to 3 mm. The centers of the radii R 'are located in the points C, which are on the tangents A' and A "below the Intersection with the tangent B 'lie. This distance from the intersection is the size h, where h = 1/20 of the diameter of the circle of radius R.

The attachment point 18, which exceeds the boundary of the figure, is an extension of the upper portion 5 of the shape of the tile 1. This attachment point 18 projects upwardly along the axis of symmetry A by a length of 2h from the intersection of the axis A with the tangent B ' beyond the tangent B '. Such a solution ensures the coverage of roof tiles 1 of the lower row by roof tiles 1 of the overlying row in the crucial joint by the size of at least 2h.

As a result of the above-mentioned constructions arise tile molds with different external shape. Here, the upper portion 5 of the roof tile 1 with the attachment point 18, which exceeds the limit of the forming mold, universal. That is, this upper portion 5 is the same for all the possible shapes of the lower roof tile area formed by the tangents to the forming shapes having a type and size.

In the manufacture of the roof tile 1 from a brittle material and using a bracket 20 for fastening, which is made in accordance with the first variant (Figures 9, 10), a recess for the bracket 20 on the rear side of the tile shape in the Fixing point 18 between the two mounting holes 17 provide. This recess is tuned to the length of the clamped bent portion 23 of the bracket 20 and the wire diameter used in the manufacture of the bracket.

When using roof tiles 1 made of metal or flexible composite materials and when mounted on wooden strips 27, the bracket 20 is simply hammered into the spread between the bar 27 and the attachment point 18 of the tile 1 from above.

The presence of the bracket 20, which holds the wedge-shaped rib 12 of the lower portion 4 of the roof tile 1, substantially increases the reliability of the roof covering. When manufacturing the roof tile made of metal or of the flexible composite material, this clip makes it possible to cover the curvilinear surfaces of the sloping roofs.

The roof construction from the tiles 1 begins with the attachment of Gesimselementen 32 shown in Figure 15, wherein these are aligned horizontally. The tightly aligned mounting holes that match the mounting holes 16, 17 on the roof tile are provided for the screws 21 and the brackets 20. In this case, each roof tile 1 of the bottom row is fastened by means of the bore 19 to a corresponding bracket 20 pre-assembled on the cornice element. The holes 16 in the lateral roof tile parts are adapted to corresponding holes in the Gesimselement 32 and attached to the Gesimselement 32 with screws 21. When mounting subsequent rows of tiles on the strips 27, which may be designed as squared timber or metal profiles, the match of mounting holes of the Gesimselemente, the tile and the strips 27 must be ensured.

The quality-oriented assembly of the Gesimselemente 32 and the first row of tiles ensures the conformity of all mounting holes 16 and 17 in the subsequent rows. This achieves a light and high-quality installation.

• alle Dachziegel 1, die im Dach verwendet werden, stellen in der Aufsicht Formen dar, die aufgrund der ihre Gestaltung festlegenden Kreise vom gleichen Durchmesser (Figur 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) gefertigt sind. Dabei haben die formbildenden Kanten 6 des unteren Teiles 4 der Dachziegel, die in denselben Reihen verwendet werden, die Form eines Halbkreises (Figur 4, 6). Die formbildenden Kanten 6 des unteren Teiles 4 der Dachziegel, die in den anderen Reihen verwendet werden, sind durch die Tangenten zum Halbkreis (Figur 1, 2, 3) gebildet. Solche Reihen können mit einer Verflechtung von einer, zwei oder mehreren Reihen gestaltet werden;
• alle Dachziegel 1, die im Dach verwendet werden, stellen in der Aufsicht Formen dar, welche aufgrund der ihre Gestaltung festlegenden Ovale (Figur 5) vom gleichen Maß gefertigt sind. Dabei haben die formbildenden Kanten 6 des unteren Teiles 4 der Dachziegel, die in denselben Reihen verwendet werden, die Form eines Halbovales. Die formbildenden Kanten 6 des unteren Teiles der Dachziegel, die in den anderen Reihen verwendet werden, sind durch die Tangenten zum Halboval gebildet. Solche Reihen können mit einer Verflechtung von einer, zwei oder mehreren Reihen gestaltet werden;
• alle Dachziegel 1, die im Dach verwendet werden, stellen in der Aufsicht Formen dar, welche aufgrund der ihre Gestaltung festlegenden Kreise (Figur 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) vom gleichen Maß gefertigt sind. Dabei werden in einigen Reihen oder in allen Reihen Dachziegel verwendet, die unterschiedliche formbildende Kanten 6 des unteren Teiles 4 innerhalb dieser Reihe haben;
• alle Dachziegel 1, die im Dach verwendet werden, stellen in der Aufsicht Formen dar, welche aufgrund der ihre Gestaltung festlegenden Ovale (Figur 5) vom gleichen Maß gefertigt sind. Dabei werden in einigen Reihen oder in allen Reihen Dachziegel verwendet, die unterschiedliche formbildende Kanten 6 des unteren Teiles 4 innerhalb dieser Reihe haben;

The ceiling can be made entirely of roof tiles 1, which have a same shape of their lower part 5. However, thanks to the universality of the roof tiles 1 used therein, the ceiling can also be made of tiles 1 having different shapes. It can be used as a basic form circles of the same diameter or ovals with the same horizontal axis or semi-oval with the same horizontal axis in the lower part or in the upper part and accordingly semicircles in the upper part or in the lower part, the diameter of the Halbovalbreite is equal , Furthermore, any Combinations possible both under the rows and within the rows. For example, the following combinations of roof tiles 1 in the roof are possible:

• all roof tiles 1, which are used in the roof, represent in the plan forms that are made due to the design of their defining circles of the same diameter (Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 6). The shape-forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 of the roof tiles, which are used in the same rows, have the shape of a semicircle (Figure 4, 6). The mold-forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 of the roof tiles, which are used in the other rows are formed by the tangents to the semicircle (Figure 1, 2, 3). Such rows can be designed with an interlacing of one, two or more rows;
• all roof tiles 1, which are used in the roof, represent forms in the plan, which are made of the same degree due to their design defining ovals (Figure 5). The shape-forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 of the roof tiles, which are used in the same rows, have the shape of a semi-oval. The forming edges 6 of the lower part of the roof tiles used in the other rows are formed by the tangents to the half-oval. Such rows can be designed with an interlacing of one, two or more rows;
• all roof tiles 1, which are used in the roof, represent in plan view forms, which are made of the same dimension due to the design of their defining circles (Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 6). In this case, roof tiles are used in some rows or in all rows, which have different shape-forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 within this series;
• all roof tiles 1, which are used in the roof, represent forms in the plan, which are made of the same degree due to their design defining ovals (Figure 5). This will be in some rows or in all Used rows of roof tiles that have different shape-forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 within this series;

• Dachziegelreihen 1, die aus einem Kreis als Basiselement (Figur 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) geformt sind,
• Dachziegelreihen 1, die die aus einem Oval als Basiselement (Figur 5) geformt sind,
• Reihen aus so genannten Übergangsdachziegeln (Figur 11 und 12), die aus einem Halboval als Basiselement in deren oberem Teil sowie aus einem Halbkreis als Basiselement in deren unterem Teil (Figur 11) geformt sind,
• Reihen aus Übergangsdachziegeln, die aus einem Halbovale als Basiselement in deren unterem Teil sowie aus einem Halbkreise als Basiselement in deren oberem Teil (Figur 12) geformt sind.

The following tile rows are used in the roof:

• Tile rows 1, which are formed from a circle as a base element (Figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 6),
• Tile rows 1, which are formed from an oval as the base element (FIG. 5),
• Rows of so-called transition roof tiles (FIGS. 11 and 12), which are formed from a semi-oval as a base element in its upper part and from a semicircle as a base element in its lower part (FIG. 11),
• Rows of transition roof tiles, which are formed from a Halboval as a base element in the lower part and a semi-circle as a base element in the upper part (Figure 12).

In the cases described above, the rows of transitional roof tiles (FIGS. 11 and 12) are used for the transition of circles as a basic element (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) to form roof tile rows formed by ovals (FIG. 5). In this case, following a series of tile rows formed on the basis of circles (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6), a row of transitional roof tiles are formed, which are formed in their lower part and half oval in their upper part (FIG. 11) due to the semicircles. This is followed by the series of tiles, which are formed by ovals (Figure 5). For the further transition from the rows of roof tiles formed on the basis of ovals (FIG. 5) to the rows of roof tiles formed by circles (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6), a number of transitional roof tiles are also used. In this case, according to the row of roof tiles built on the basis of ovals (FIG. 5), the row of transitional roof tiles is formed, which are shaped in the lower part thereof as well as by semicircles in their upper part (FIG. 12). This is followed by the row of tiles, which are formed by circles (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6). In this case, the combination of different shapes of the forming edges 6 of the lower parts 4 of the tiles 1 between the rows and within the row is possible.

The roof can only be made of rows of transitional roof tiles (Figure 11 and 12). In this case, the rows of transition roof tiles in the next but one row, which are built on the basis of the semicircles in the lower part and the semicircles in their upper part (FIG. 12), alternate with the rows built in the lower part and the semi-oval in the upper part (FIG. 11) the transition roof tile from. The combination of different shapes of the forming edges 6 lower parts 4 of the roof tile 1 between the rows and within the row is possible.

The rows of tiles can be put together arbitrarily from the described tile shapes, since the dimensions of the base elements circle and oval are chosen so that the roof tiles 1 have an equal distance between the holes 16, 17. The use of roof tiles 1 different outer shape and shape-forming edge 6 and transition roof tiles in the roof design makes it possible to put together various original images to a roof covering.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Roof tile characterizing element circle / oval

2

straight rows

3

odd rows

4

lower area

5

upper area

6

forming edges

7

semicircle

8th

9

tangent

10

11

dorsal

12

wedge-shaped rib

13

crescent-shaped groove

14

surface

15

wedge-shaped ribs

16

drilling

17

drilling

18

fastening point

19

drilling

20

clip

21

screw

22

rectilinear part

23

curved part

24

metal plate

25

Rod

26

drilling

27

Afford

28

supporting part

29

projection

30

drilling

31

Gegenkapillarabstand

32

Gesimselemente

Claims (19)

Roof tiles (1) with wedge-shaped ribs (12, 15) lying opposite one another and a part designed as a symmetrical figure in plan view with two arcuate grooves (13), the grooves (13) being in the upper one with roof tiles (1) overlying Row covered invisible part and the wedge-shaped ribs (12, 15) evenly decrease in height at the periphery of the roof tile form along an axis of symmetry (A) in the direction from bottom to top,
characterized in that
the outer wedge-shaped rib (12) is a forming edge (6) of the visible surface of the tile and the wedge-shaped rib (12) is defined by the tangents to a tile characterizing element such that this characterizing element is an oval or a circle the diameter of the circle of the oval width corresponds to the invisible part of the tile being the same for all tile shapes and having an attachment point (18) which projects upwards beyond the boundaries of the characterizing element along the axis of symmetry (A),
the following fixing holes are provided in the roof tile (1): - A hole (19) for fixing the tile to a support attachment part (a bracket 20 or a metal plate 24), wherein the bore (19) in the central part of the forming edge (6) on the axis of symmetry (A) is arranged; - Two holes (17) in the upper part of the roof tile form at the attachment point (18) left and right of the axis of symmetry (A), which are intended for fixing the Stützbefestigungsteils and lateral parts of the adjacent roof tiles (1); - Holes (16) in the lateral parts of the tile (1); - The mounting holes (16, 17) are arranged so that an overlap of the holes (16) in lateral parts of the tile (1) in an upper row with corresponding holes (17) at the attachment point (18) the roof tiles (1) of a lower row can be achieved and fasteners penetrate the holes (16) of the upper and the holes (17) of the lower row successively. This prevents a displacement of the tiles (1) against each other, in that the invisible part of the roof tile (1) is designed so as to ensure a required countercapillary distance (31) between the inner and outer wedge-shaped ribs (12, 15) that the roof tiles (1) are shaped so as to overlap the roof tiles the lower row with roof tiles of the upper row is ensured. Roof tile according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the characterizing member for the lower part of a circle and tile for the upper part is an oval. Roof tile according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the characterizing member for the lower part of an oval roof tiles and the top is a circle. Roof tile according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the roof tile (1) is made of metal. Roof tile according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the roof tile (1) is made of ceramic. Roof tile according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the roof tile (1) is made of plastic concrete. Roof tile according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the roof tile (1) is made of composite materials. Roofing with concurrent rows of tiles (1) with the following features: a) In these rows, the roof tiles (1) of the even and odd rows in the horizontal direction are shifted against each other by half their width. b) Each roof tile (1) of the next row is placed with one part of its dorsal surface on two roof tiles (1) of the previous row. c) The roof tiles (1) are limited in the plan by an outer shape, which are designed as a closed curves due to the defining characteristic element. d) The characteristic element is a circle of the same diameter for all roof tiles (1), an oval of the same dimensions, a half oval of the same dimensions in its lower and upper area and semicircles in its upper or lower areas. e) The diameter of the circle coincides with the half-oval width in forming a lower and an upper portion of the tile (1). f) The lower roof tile areas form a visible surface in the roof, the upper areas represent an invisible surface covered with roof tiles of the upper row. g) The lower portion of the roof tile (1) has the shape of a body whose outer shape-forming edge (6) is formed by the semicircle or the semi-oval. h) They fix the visible tile shape or the shape of the figure body, wherein the outer mold forming edge (6) of at least two tangents to said semicircle or half oval is formed in connection with arcuate portions of this semicircle or Halbovals. i) The arcuate areas may also be missing. j) The outer forming edge (6) of each tile is provided with a wedge-shaped rib (12) projecting beyond the rear roof tile surface. k) The rib (12) is designed with a uniformly decreasing height in the direction of the upper portion of the roof tile (1). l) The rib (12) is provided with a bore (19) for installation of a fastening part, a clamp (20). m) The hole (19) is housed in the middle part of the rib (12), while the upper part of each roof tile (1) is symmetrical to a vertical axis of symmetry (A). n) The roof tile is bounded by arcuate grooves (13). o) The edges of the grooves (13) form from the frontal surface of the tile (1) to the front outstanding wedge-shaped ribs (15). p) The height of the ribs (15) decreases evenly towards the upper portion of the tile (1). r) They are congruent to the wedge-shaped ribs (12) of the forming edges (6) of the lower portion of the roof tile (1). s) Each roof tile (1) has mounting holes, wherein two mounting holes (16) are arranged in the lateral areas of the tile (1), while two further holes (17) at an attachment point (18) are arranged, which is an extension of the upper Area of the tile is. t) The attachment point (18) protrudes beyond the boundaries of the characteristic element of the tile shape. u) The position of the mounting holes (16 and 17) is chosen so as to achieve an overlap of the holes (16) in the lateral roof tile areas of the upper row of roofing with holes (17) at the attachment point (18) of the lower row of the roof , v) The roofing is formed from roof tiles, which have the same shape-forming edges (6) of the lower area. They are derived from the above forms. w) The roofing can also be formed with roof tiles (1), which have various shape-forming edges (6) of the lower area. z) It may further be formed by roof tiles having mixtures of the above-mentioned forms in any combination both in rows and within the rows forming the roof. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
is that the characteristic element for the lower tile area is a circle and the upper portion an oval. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the characteristic element for the lower tile area, an oval, and for the upper section is a circle. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the roof tile used in the roofing is made of metal. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the roof tile used in the roofing is made of ceramic. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the roof tile used in the roofing is made of plastic concrete. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
that the roof tile used in the roofing is made of composite materials. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
in that a fastening part is designed as a clamp (20) in the form of a chipper and that a rectilinear part (22) of the clamp (20) is designed so that the clamp (20) can engage in the bore (19). This bore (19) is arranged in the wedge-shaped rib (12) of the forming edge (6) of the tile (1). A bent portion (23) of the clip (20) allows the attachment of the clip (20) to the attachment point (18) from the side of its rear surface. Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
in that the fastening part is designed as a plate (24) with a rod (25) mounted thereon. This rod (25) serves for installation of the fastening part in the bore (19). The bore (19) is located in the wedge-shaped rib (12) of the forming edge (6) of the tile (1). In the plate (24) two holes (26) are provided, which lie on opposite sides left and right of the rod (25). The distance between the holes (26) is chosen so that they can be mounted congruent to the mounting holes (16 and 17). Roofing according to claim 8,
characterized,
that for laying the parallel rows of roof tiles (1) parallel rows of strips (27) are provided. Roofing according to claim 17,
characterized,
that the strips (27) on which the parallel rows of roof tiles (1) are laid, are formed as a metal profile and that a supporting part (28) (supporting body) of the strips (27) which bears against the roof tiles (1), with Protuberances (29) is provided. The arrangement of the projections (29) is chosen so that they engage in the mounting holes (16 and 17) in the tile (1). Roofing according to claim 17,
characterized,
in that the strips (27) on which the parallel rows of roofing tiles (1) are laid are formed as metal profiles and in that the supporting part (28) (supporting bodies) of the strips (27) resting against the roof tiles have holes (30) having. The arrangement of the holes (30) is chosen so that the holes (30) with the mounting holes (16 and 17) in the roof tile (1) can be made to coincide with the assembly.

Images