RU52888U1 - ROOF - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of construction and is intended to create roof coatings for buildings for various purposes.

The roof consists of parallel rows of tiles, in which the tiles of even and odd rows are shifted in the horizontal direction relative to each other by half of their figure. Each tile of the next row is superimposed by a part of its back surface on two tiles of the previous row. Roof tiles are, in terms of figures, made on the basis of closed curves that determine their construction. Such curves can be circles of the same diameter or ovals of the same size, or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part or in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part or in their lower part. The outer forming edge of the tile is formed by a semicircle or semi-shaft or tangent to a semicircle or semi-shaft. In the body of each tile there are mounting holes, the location of which is selected from the condition of ensuring the possibility of combining the holes in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row of roofs with the holes in the mounting section of the tiles of the underlying row of roofs. The roof is formed from tiles having the same forming edges of the lower part taken from the above forms, or formed using tiles having different forming edges of the lower part taken from the above forms, in any combination both in the rows making up the roof and inside these rows .

The utility model allows to improve the quality and reliability of the roofing, facilitates the installation of tiles during the formation of the roof, makes it possible to collect various original patterns of the roofing.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction and is intended to create roof coatings for buildings for various purposes.

A roof is known from tiles, which is in plan an irregular hexagon having wedge-shaped ribs around the perimeter of the figure (see GB patent No. 2242696, class E 04 D 1/12, 1991). A disadvantage of the known design is the low quality of roofing and the lack of versatility.

The closest analogue to the claimed utility model is a roof, consisting of parallel rows of tiles, in which the tiles of even and odd rows are displaced in the horizontal direction relative to each other by half of their figure and each tile of the next row is superimposed by a part of its back surface on two tiles of the previous row, each tile is a plate made in plan in the form of a circle with two sickle-shaped symmetrical recesses and with wedge-shaped stiffening ribs placed about the perimeter of the plate and directed upward along the length of the crescent-shaped recesses and downward along the length of the circle (see patent RU No. 2037042, class E 04 D 1/12, 1995, Fig. 8). Known roofing has several significant drawbacks due to the fact that when laying the roof two pairs of circles of tiles used in it when forming a roofing, pairwise touching each other, when applying one pair to another, at the point of contact and intersection give a point. In this regard, there is a complete absence of overlap on the slope of the roofing in the attachment points, which will inevitably lead to leaks in the most critical places, moreover, the attachment holes located on both sides of the axis of symmetry during installation will be extended cantilever above the upper attachment point, which can lead either to vibration of the roof under wind loads, or to its destruction or

deformations of tiles, depending on the material used in the manufacture and the strength of the fasteners on the body of the tiles.

Significant disadvantages of the known design are also the low resistance of the roof to wind loads due to the lack of fastening in the greater visible part of the tile, as well as the possibility of capillary penetration of moisture in the places of contactless contact of the outer and inner wedge-shaped ribs.

The inventive utility model is aimed at solving the problem of creating a roof of tiles, which can be used for roofing of buildings for various purposes with unlimited coverage area.

The technical result that can be achieved using the claimed utility model is to improve the quality, including reliability, roofing, to facilitate the installation of tiles during roofing and to improve the quality of installation, the ability to collect various original patterns of roofing with different surfaces to be coated and from shingles with different external surfaces, excluding the possibility of displacement of shingles relative to each other in the formed roofing.

To achieve the technical result, a roof is proposed consisting of parallel rows of tiles, in which the tiles of even and odd rows are shifted horizontally relative to each other by half of their figure, and each tile of the next row is superimposed by a part of its back surface on two tiles of the previous row, and in which tiles are in terms of figures made on the basis of closed curves that determine their construction: either circles of the same diameter or ovals of the same p sizes, or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part or in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part or in their lower part, whose diameter is equal to the width

half-open, with the formation of the lower and upper parts, the first of which forms its visible surface in the roof, and the second - its invisible surface, covered with tiles of the overlying row. The lower part of the tile has the shape of a body, the outer forming edge of which is formed by a semicircle or semi-oval, determining the construction of the figure of the tile, or the shape of a figured body, the external shaping edge of which is formed by at least two tangents to the said semicircle or to the said semi-oval in combination with arched sections of this semicircle or semi-circle, or without these arched sections. The external shape-forming edge of each tile is a wedge-shaped rib protruding from the back of the tile, made with a uniformly decreasing height towards the top of the tile. The upper part of each tile is made symmetrical, and is limited by lateral arcuate recesses, the edges of which are wedge-shaped ribs protruding from the frontal surface of the tile with uniformly decreasing height towards the upper part of the tile, congruent to the wedge-shaped ribs of the forming edges of the lower part of the tile. The body of each tile has fixing holes, two of which are made in the lateral parts of the tile, and two others are in the fixing section, which is a continuation of the upper part of the tile and extends beyond the closed curve determining the shape of the tile, and the location of the fixing holes is selected from the condition of provision the possibility of combining the holes in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row of roofs with the holes in the mounting section of the tiles of the underlying row of the roof. The roof is formed from tiles having the same forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above forms, or formed using tiles having different forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above

forms, in any combination, both in the rows making up the roof, and inside these rows.

The wedge-shaped rib of the lower part of the tile has a hole located in its middle part and serves to accommodate the fastener - clammer.

The Klyammer has the shape of a hook, the rectilinear part of which is made with the possibility of installation in the mounting hole in the wedge-shaped rib of the lower part of the tile, and its curved part - with the possibility of covering the fastening section of the tile from the back surface.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

- figure 1, 2, 3, 4 shows some possible modifications of the outer surface of the tiles, formed by tangents to the circle;

- figure 5 shows the basic figure of the tile, forming an oval;

- figure 6 shows the basic figure of the tile, the forming of which is a circle;

- Fig.7 is the same bottom view along the axis of symmetry;

- in Fig.8 is the same, left view;

- figure 9 and 10 shows the clamp and the method of installation;

- figure 11 and 12 show the transitional figures of tiles;

- Fig.13 shows a section of the roof (roofing);

- Fig.14 is the simplest construction of the roof pattern;

- on Fig shows the principle of installation of tiles;

- in Fig.16 - individual tiles with various shaping edges;

- Fig.17 - the roof using tiles with various shaping edges.

The proposed roof consists of parallel rows of tiles 1, in which the tiles of even rows 2 and odd rows 3 are offset in the horizontal direction relative to each other by half

figures. Moreover, each tile 1 of the next row is superimposed by a part of its back surface on two tiles 1 of the previous row.

The tiles used in the roof are symmetrical in plan, made on the basis of their construction: circles of the same diameter (Figs. 1-4) or ovals of the same size (Fig. 5), or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part (Fig. 12), whose diameter is equal to the width of the semi-oval, or semi-ovals of the same size in their upper part and, accordingly, the semicircles in their lower part (Fig. 11), whose diameter is equal to the width of the semi-oval. The lower parts of the 4 tiles 1 form its visible surface in the roof, and the upper parts of the 5 tiles 1 form its invisible surface, covered with tiles of the overlying row, in the roof.

The lower part 4 of the tile 1 may be in the form of a body, the outer forming edge 6 of which has the shape of a semicircle 7 (Figs. 4, 6, 11) or semi-circle 8 (Figs. 5, 12), which determine the construction of the figure of the tile.

The lower part 4 of the tile 1 may be in the shape of a figured body, the outer forming edge 6 of which is formed by at least two tangents to the semicircle 7 or to the semi-shaft 8 in combination with arched sections of this semicircle or semi-circular, or without these arcuate sections. Figure 1 shows the tile, the outer forming edge 6 of which is formed by two tangents 9 to the semicircle 7 and the arcuate sections 10 of this semicircle, and Figures 2 and 3 show the tiles, the outer forming edge 6 of which is formed respectively by five and four tangent 9 to the semicircle 7.

The external forming edge 6 of each tile 1 is a protruding from the back surface 11 of the tile

a wedge-shaped rib 12, made with evenly decreasing in the direction of the upper part 5 of the tile height.

The upper part 5 of each tile 1 is made symmetrical, and is limited by lateral arcuate recesses 13, the edges of which are wedge-shaped ribs 15 protruding from the front of the tile surface 14 of the tile, with a uniformly decreasing height towards the upper part of the tile 1, congruent with wedge-shaped ribs 12 of the forming edges 6 of the lower part 4 tiles.

The opposite wedge-shaped stiffening ribs used in the construction of tiles simultaneously serve as internal and external water-repellent devices and uniformly decrease to zero along the perimeter of the tile shape, upward along the symmetry axis.

In the body of each tile 1 there are mounting holes. Two fixing holes 16 are made in the lateral parts of the tile, and two more fixing holes 17 are made in the fixing section 18, which is a continuation of the upper part 5 of the tile 1 and goes beyond the closed curve determining the shape of the tile. The location of the mounting holes 16 and 17 is selected from the condition of ensuring the possibility of combining the holes 16 in the lateral parts of the tiles of the overlying row of roofs with the holes 17 in the mounting section 18 of the tiles of the underlying row of the roof.

The wedge-shaped rib 12 of the lower part 4 of the tile 1 has an opening 19 made in the middle of this rib. The hole 19 is used to place a fastening element in it - a clammer 20.

As a result, each tile 1, regardless of the external shape of the surface, has five mounting holes strictly oriented on the figure of the tile, thereby achieving the self-leveling effect when laying the roof, since the holes 16 in the lateral parts of the overlying row are aligned with the corresponding holes 17 in the upper part of the underlying tile row (Fig.15), with each fixing screw 21

passes through the body of two tiles, avoiding the displacement of tiles relative to each other. The hole 19, made in the middle of the wedge-shaped ribs 12, is located on the axis of symmetry of the tiles. When mounting the tile, a clamp 20 is inserted into the hole 19. The clamp 20 is made in the form of a spring wire hook, the rectilinear part 22 of which can be installed in the mounting hole 19 in the wedge-shaped rib 12, and its curved part 23 is made with the possibility of covering the fastening section 18 of the tile from the side of its back surface and is fixed under the body of the tile between two mounting screws of the previous row (Figs. 9, 10 and 15).

Tiles 1 can be made of metal, ceramic, polymer concrete or composite materials.

Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shows the principle of constructing figures of tiles 1 used in the roof. The basic elements on the basis of which the figures of the tile are built are the oval or circle, relative to which the part of the figure of the tile, which during the formation of the roof forms its visible surface, is defined.

There is no fundamental difference in the methods for calculating the visible parts of tile 1 around different generatrix figures.

An example is the construction of tiles around a circle.

Axis A is the axis of symmetry, and axis B is located at an angle of 90 ° to axis A, passes through the center of the circle and at the points of intersection with the circle limits the visible part of the tile shapes. To achieve universality, the diameter of the circles is the same for all figures.

The upper part 5 of tile 1 (that is, the part that, when forming the roof, forms its invisible surface) in plan is a complex figure consisting of a part of the field, which is formed by a semicircle lying above axis B, after isolating two symmetric sections of circles from it, the radii R 'of which

less than the radius R of the circumference by the total total thickness of the wedge-shaped rib 15, the wedge-shaped rib 12 and the anticapillary gap 24 of at least 2-3 mm, and the centers of the radii are at points C lying on the tangents A 'and A ", below the intersection with tangent B 'by the value of h, where h = 1/20 of the diameter of the generatrix of the circle.

The fixing portion 18 extending beyond the forming figure is a continuation of the upper part 5 of the figure and straightly rises upward along the symmetry axis at a distance of 2h from the intersection of axis A with tangent B '.

This solution provides an overlap of the overlying shingles in the most critical joint by a value of at least 2h.

As a result of the above constructions, figures of tiles with various external shapes are obtained. In this case, the upper part 5 of the tile 1 with the fixing section 18 extending beyond the generatrix of the figure is universal for all possible shapes of the outer surface of the tiles.

In the manufacture of tiles from brittle material, it is necessary to provide flats under the clammer on the back of the tile figure between the two mounting holes and make them commensurate with the length of the clamped part of the clammer and the diameter of the wire used in its manufacture.

In the manufacture of metal tiles or composite flexible materials, the clammer is simply clogged when mounted in a spacer between the crate and the invisible part of the tile extending beyond the circle.

The presence of a clammer holding the wedge-shaped edge of the visible part of the tile significantly increases the reliability of the roofing, and in the manufacture of tiles from metal or composite flexible material, it allows covering the roof surfaces, which form a circle.

The formation of the roof from the tiles 1 begins with the installation of the cornice elements 25 on the cord, in which strictly oriented mounting holes are provided for the screws 21 and the chambers 20. Then each tile 1 is hooked by the hole 19 to the corresponding clamp 20 and fixed to the cornice by the screws 21 through the fixing holes 17 .

A high-quality installation of the cornice elements and the first row of tiles ensures that all the mounting holes in the subsequent rows are in alignment, thereby achieving ease and quality of installation.

The roofing can be made of tiles having the same shape of their lower part 5. However, the roofing, due to the versatility of the tiles used in it, can be made of tiles having a different shape and constructed on the basis of various closed curves that define their construction (circles of the same diameter or ovals of the same size, or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part or in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part or in their lower part, the diameter of which is equal to the half-width), in any possible combination of them both in rows and inside rows. For example, the following combinations of roof tiles are possible:

- all the tiles used in the roof are in terms of figures made on the basis of circles of the same diameter that determine their construction, while the forming edges of the lower part of the tiles used in some rows have the shape of a semicircle, and the forming edges of the lower part of the tiles used in others the rows are formed by tangents to the semicircle; moreover, such rows can be formed alternating through one, through two, etc .;

- all the tiles used in the roof are, in terms of figures, made on the basis of the ovals of the same size that determine their construction, while the forming edges of the lower part of the tiles used in the same rows are semi-oval, and

the forming edges of the lower part of the tiles used in other rows are formed by tangents to the semi-shaft; moreover, such rows can be formed alternating through one, through two, etc .;

- all the tiles used in the roof are in terms of figures made on the basis of defining their construction circles of the same size, while in some rows or in all rows used tiles with different shape-forming edges of the lower part within this row;

- all the tiles used in the roof are in terms of figures made on the basis of the ovals of the same size that determine their construction, while in some rows or in all rows, tiles with different shape-forming edges of the lower part within this row are used;

- in the roof used rows of tiles built on the basis of circles, and rows of tiles built on the basis of ovals, as well as the so-called rows of transition tiles (11 and 12), built on the basis of semi-ovals in their upper part and semicircles in their lower parts, and rows of transition tiles, built on the basis of semi-ovals in their lower part and semicircles in their upper part; in this case, to move from the rows of shingles built on the basis of circles to the rows of shingles built on the basis of ovals, the rows of transition shingles are used, while a number of shingles built on the basis of circles are followed by a series of transition shingles built on the basis of semicircles in them the lower part and semi-ovals in their upper part, and then a series of shingles built on the basis of ovals; for the further transition from the rows of shingles built on the basis of ovals to the rows of shingles built on the basis of circles, a number of transition shingles are also used, while a number of shingles built on the basis of ovals are followed by a series of transition shingles built on the basis of semi-ovals in their lower parts and semicircles in their upper part, and

then a series of tiles built on the basis of circles; in this case, a combination of various forms of the forming edges of the lower parts of the tiles both between the rows and within the row is possible;

- the roof can only be formed from rows of transition tiles, while rows of transition tiles built on the basis of semicircles in their lower part and semi-overs in their upper part alternate through one with rows of transition tiles built on the basis of semi-circles in their lower part and semicircles in their upper part, while a combination of various shapes of the forming edges of the lower parts of the tiles both between the rows and within the row is possible.

The rows of the roof can be composed of tiles made on the basis of determining their construction circles of the same diameter and / or tiles made on the basis of determining their construction ovals of the same size, and with the possible use of transition tiles, i.e. shingles made on the basis of semi-ovals of the same size determining their construction in their lower part and, accordingly, semicircles in their upper part and tiles made on the basis of the semi-ovals of their equal size determining their construction in their upper part and, accordingly, semicircles in their lower part.

Using roof tiles, built on the basis of different closed shapes (circles, ovals), transition tiles, as well as performing the forming edges of the lower part of the tiles of various shapes, makes it possible to assemble the original pattern on the roofing carpet from tiles with different external surfaces.

Claims (3)

1. The roof, consisting of parallel rows of tiles, in which the tiles of even and odd rows are shifted horizontally relative to each other by half of their figure, and each tile of the next row is superimposed part of its back surface on two tiles of the previous row, and in which the tiles represent themselves in terms of figures, made on the basis of closed curves that determine their construction: circles of the same diameter or ovals of the same size, or semi-ovals of the same size in their lower part or in x the upper part and, accordingly, the semicircles in their upper part or in their lower part, the diameter of which is equal to the width of the semi-oval, with the formation of the lower and upper parts, the first of which forms its visible surface in the roof, and the second - its invisible, covered with tiles of the overlying row, the surface, while the lower part of the tile has the shape of a body, the outer forming edge of which is formed by a semicircle or semi-shaft, determining the construction of the figure of the tile, or the shape of the figured body, the external forming edge is formed by at least two tangents to the said semicircle or to the said semi-shaft in combination with arched sections of this semicircle or semi-circular, or without these arcuate sections, the outer forming edge of each tile being a wedge-shaped rib protruding from the back of the tile, made with height evenly decreasing towards the upper part of the tile, and the upper part of each tile is symmetrical, and is limited by lateral arched containers, the edges of which are wedge-shaped ribs protruding from the front of the tile surface with a uniformly decreasing height towards the upper part of the tile, congruent to the wedge-shaped ribs of the forming edges of the lower part of the tile, there are mounting holes in the body of each tile, two of which are made in the side parts of the tile and two others - in the fastening section, which is a continuation of the upper part of the tile and extends beyond the limits of the closed curve that determines the construction of the tile shape, and the location of the mounting holes is selected from the condition that the holes in the lateral parts of the shingles of the overlying row of roofs can be combined with holes in the fastening section of the shingles of the underlying row of the roof, the roof is formed from tiles having the same forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above forms, or formed using tiles, having different forming edges of the lower part, taken from the above forms, in any combination, both in the rows making up the roof, and inside these rows. 2. The roof according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge-shaped rib of the lower part of the tile has a hole located in its middle part and serves to accommodate the fastener - clamp. 3. The roof according to claim 2, characterized in that the clammer has the shape of a hook, the rectilinear part of which is made with the possibility of installation in the mounting hole in the wedge-shaped rib of the lower part of the tile, and its curved part - with the possibility of covering the fastening section of the tile from the side of its back surface .