Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
  • B32B15/095—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
  • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
  • B29C67/246—Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
  • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C41/08—Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
  • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
  • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/552—Fatigue strength
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/08—Cars
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
  • Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing composite parts of fiber-reinforced plastics with an outer skin made of a plastic or thin metal foil with a high optical surface quality (also referred to as Class A surface).
• fibers are glass, carbon, natural or mineral fibers in question.
• composite parts may e.g. be used in the automotive industry as roof modules, side panels, trunk lids and hoods or other components with high demands on the surface quality.
• Another problem is that bubbles caused by air bubbles below the outer skin can adversely affect the surface appearance.
• the problem of thermal stresses is dealt with in a somewhat different context in DE-A-10161155. It is also about composite components made of an outer skin and a layer of fiber reinforced polyurethane, which, however, also contain inserts.
• the problem here was that the Einlegerbaumaschine have signed off on the surface of the outer skin after cooling.
• the solution according to the invention provides for a coating of the insert with a polymer layer, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient is preferably in the range of +/- 30 * 10 -6 K -1 in comparison to the thermal expansion coefficient of the surrounding support layer. But even this only reduces the additional problem of the negative influence of the insert parts and the fundamental problem due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the fiber-reinforced carrier layer and the outer skin remains.
• EP-A-1334878 it is proposed to also choose polyurethane as the material for the outer skin so as to avoid the thermal stresses between outer skin and carrier layer.
• the carrier layer contains glass fibers, this measure can not solve the problem.
• a backing layer e.g. Contains glass fibers, has a total of a completely different thermal expansion behavior than a layer containing no glass fibers, even if the polymer matrix in the support layer made of the same material as the outer skin.
• EP-A-1362770 alternatively mentions barrier layers in the form of a PU coating (for example 0.5 mm thick), as an injection-molded thermoplastic layer (0.2 to 1 mm thick) or of aluminum foil.
• the aluminum foil should counteract the so-called bimetal effect, which can lead to deformations of composite components under thermal stress due to the different coefficients of expansion.
• the expansion coefficient of the aluminum is very close to that of the carrier layer and significantly below that of a thermoplastic film, this seems questionable.
• a thermoplastic resin layer as a barrier layer, although the direct contact of the fibers with the outer skin, a reduction of the aforementioned bimetallic effect is given at best due to the slightly increased stiffness.
• the object of this intermediate layer is to absorb the stresses resulting from the different expansion behavior of the outer skin and the carrier layer such that on the one hand the mechanical strength of the composite and on the other hand the high optical quality of the outer skin is permanently maintained even under mechanical and thermal cycling.
• the intermediate layer must be able to reliably buffer away the unevenness which arises on the surface of the carrier layer due to the different shrinkage of the fibers and of the polymer matrix.
• the intermediate layer must prevent the composite part bends due to the different shrinkage of the outer skin relative to the support layer or, for example, waves due to the always somewhat inhomogeneous distribution of the fibers.
• the intermediate layer should be capable of intercepting surface defects due to air inclusions in the fiber-reinforced carrier component, which become noticeable inter alia during thermal cycling, in order to achieve a good visual appearance.
• Another function of the intermediate layer is z.
• surface imperfections are caused by internal stresses frozen in the skin, e.g. can result from the manufacturing process or downstream forming processes to avoid.
• Such internal stresses can be used in the further processing to form the finished composite component, e.g. due to elevated temperatures lead to the so-called memory effect, which causes a local shrinkage.
• the intermediate layer must therefore be able to absorb the resulting displacements, so that no corrugation or similar surface defects occur.
• thermoplastic outer skins of lower quality could also be used.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing composite parts of fiber reinforced plastics with an outer film (outer skin) of a plastic or thin metal foil with a high optical surface quality, on the one hand, the mechanical strength of the composite and on the other hand, the high optical quality of the outer film is permanently retained even under mechanical and thermal cycling.
• the invention relates to a method for the production of fiber-reinforced composite components, in which an outer film is bonded to a layer containing fiber-reinforced polyurethane, characterized in that
• At least one further layer is applied to the back of the intermediate layer, wherein at least one layer containing fiber-reinforced polyurethane is applied.
• outer films for example, coextruded films with a carrier layer of polycarbonate or ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and a surface layer of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) are used. But also possible are monofilms of ABS.
• the outer film may also consist of another plastic or a metal foil.
• the thickness of these films is in the range from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 0.3 mm to 3 mm and particularly preferably from 0.5 mm to 2 mm. They preferably have a modulus of elasticity above 800 MPa, preferably from 1000 MPa to 100000 MPa, so that its inherent rigidity provides a basic stability which counteracts the forces which the intermediate layer can exert by its elastic deformation.
• the intermediate layer is designed so that the maximum stresses in the boundary layers due to the different changes in length due to thermal shrinkage during cooling and / or reaction shrinkage and the expansion of air inclusions and the local changes in length in the film due to the memory effect are so low that The inherent rigidity of the film prevents waves or other noticeable inhomogeneities from forming on the surface. In addition, the stresses are so low that local detachment can occur neither at the interface between outer skin and intermediate layer nor at the interface between carrier layer and intermediate layer. Therefore, the intermediate layer has a modulus of elasticity of from 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa, preferably from 1 MPa to 10 MPa, and more preferably from 2 MPa to 5 MPa.
• the intermediate layer must not be too thin, since otherwise very elastic materials can no longer sufficiently reduce the tensions. But it should also not be too thick, otherwise the hydrostatic stiffening is no longer sufficient and the entire composite could be too soft. There is thus an optimum thickness of the intermediate layer.
• the intermediate layer therefore has a thickness of 0.3 mm to 6 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably from 1, 5 mm to 3 mm.
• the intermediate layer it is also possible for the intermediate layer to use a viscoelastic material which is capable of releasing stresses and yet provides sufficient strength to permanently bond the layers.
• the intermediate layer is made of an incompressible material as possible. Because if the outer film is pressed locally, the incompressible intermediate layer must be displaced, creating additional hydrostatic stiffness. This material behavior is described by the compression modulus of the intermediate layer, which should preferably be between 500 MPa and 5000 MPa, preferably about 1000 MPa to 2500 MPa and most preferably about 1200 MPa to 2000 MPa.
• Intermediate layer can act optimally, if preferred with the spray application a uniform
• Deviation of the mass of the intermediate layer based on surface elements of 5 cm 2 ie, that the weight of the intermediate layer of any surface elements by less than + / - 10% or + / - 5% from each other.
• the intermediate layer e.g. a carrier layer or a substrate
• the invention also provides a composite part comprising an outer film, an intermediate layer and at least one further layer, wherein at least one of the further layers contains fiber-reinforced polyurethane, characterized in that
• the outer foil has a thickness in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm
• the elastic intermediate layer has a Young's modulus of 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa and a thickness of 0.3 mm to 6 mm, the elastic intermediate layer containing at least one polyurethane elastomer obtainable by reacting
• At least one polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of from 800 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol, preferably from 800 to 14,000 g / mol, more preferably from 1000 to 8000 g / mol and with an average functionality of from 2.4 to
• polyether polyols having a number average molecular weight of from 800 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol, preferably from 800 to 14,000 g / mol, more preferably from 1,000 to 8,000 g / mol and with average functionalities, of 1.6 to 2.4, preferably from 1.8 to 2.4 and d) optionally polymer polyols having contents of 1 to 50 wt .-% of fillers based on the polymer polyol, and having OH numbers of 10 to 149 and average functionalities of 1.8 to 8, preferably from 1.8 to 3.5, and
• optionally chain extenders having average functionalities of 1.8 to 2.1, preferably 2, and having molecular weights of 750 g / mol and smaller, preferably from 18 g / mol to 400 g / mol, particularly preferably from 60 g / mol to 300 g / mol and / or crosslinkers having average functionalities of 3 to 4, preferably 3, and having molecular weights of up to 75O gZMoI, preferably from 18 g / mol to 400 g / mol, particularly preferably from 30 g / mol to 300 g / mol,
• the inventive composite parts can be obtained by the erf ⁇ ndungswashe method.
• the polyurethane elastomers (PU elastomers) which are contained in the intermediate layer or from which the intermediate layer consists are preferably prepared by the prepolymer process, it being expedient in the first step to use at least part of the polyether polyol b) or its Mixture with polyol component c) and / or d) and at least one diioder polyisocyanate a) a polyaddition adduct having isocyanate groups is prepared.
• massive PUR elastomers can be prepared from such isocyanate group-containing prepolymers by reaction with low molecular weight chain extenders and / or crosslinkers e) and / or the remaining part of the polyol components b) and optionally c) and / or d). If water or other blowing agents, or mixtures thereof, are used in the second step, microcellular PU elastomers can be prepared, the compression modulus of which should also be between 500 and 5000 MPa.
• Suitable starting components a) for the process according to the invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates, as described, for example, in US Pat. by W. Siefken in Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136. Examples are those of the formula
• ethylene diisocyanate 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanate, and also any desired compounds Mixtures of these isomers, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-tri-methyl-5-isocyanato-methyl-cyclohexane, 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, hexahydro-1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, perhydro-2,4'- and -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-durene diisocyanate (DDI), 4,
• triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, as obtained by condensation of aniline with formaldehyde and subsequent phosgenation and, for example, in GB-A 874 430 and GB-A 848,671, m- and p-isocyanatophenylsulfonyl isocyanates according to US Pat. No. 3,454,606, perchlorinated aryl polyisocyanates, as described in US Pat. No.
• the 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and any desired mixtures of these isomers are preferably used.
• polyisocyanates prepared by condensation of aniline with formaldehyde and subsequent phosgenation ("crude MDI"), and carbodiimide groups, uretonimine groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret polyisocyanates ("modified polyisocyanates”), especially such modified polyisocyanates, which are derived from 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate or from 4,4'- and / or 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Also suitable are naphthylene-l, 5-diisocyanate and mixtures of said polyisocyanates.
• Isocyanate group-containing prepolymers are particularly preferably used which are prepared by reacting at least one subset of the polyol component b) and / or c) and / or chain extenders and / or crosslinkers e) with at least one aromatic diisocyanate from the group TDI, MDI, TODI, DIBDI, NDI, DDI, preferably with 4,4'-MDI and / or 2,4-TDI and / or 1,5-NDI to a urethane group and isocyanate polyaddition product having an NCO content of 6 to 25 wt. -%, preferably from 8 to 20 wt .-%.
• mixtures of b), c), d) and e) can be used for the preparation of the prepolymers containing isocyanate groups.
• the prepolymers containing isocyanate groups are prepared without chain extenders or crosslinkers e).
• the isocyanate group-containing prepolymers can be prepared in the presence of catalysts. However, it is also possible to prepare the isocyanate group-containing prepolymers in the absence of catalysts and to add the catalysts to the reaction mixture only for the preparation of the PU elastomers.
• Suitable polyether polyols b) or c) for the preparation of the elastomers according to the invention can be prepared by known processes, for example by poly-insertion via the DMC catalysis of alkylene oxides, by anionic polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal alkoxides as catalysts and with the addition of at least one starter molecule containing 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 reactive hydrogen atoms bonded, or by cationic polymerization of alkylene oxides in the presence of Lewis acids such as Antimony pentacoride or borofluoride etherate.
• Suitable alkylene oxides contain 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical.
• Examples are tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2- or 2,3-butylene oxide, ethylene oxide and / or 1,2-propylene oxide are preferably used.
• the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as mixtures. Preference is given to using mixtures of 1,2-propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, the ethylene oxide being used in amounts of from 10 to 50% as endblock of ethylene oxide ("EO-cap”), so that the resulting polyols contain more than 70% primary OH end groups exhibit.
• EO-cap endblock of ethylene oxide
• Suitable starter molecules are water or dihydric and trihydric alcohols, for example ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-ethanediol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane.
• Suitable polyether polyols preferably polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyols, have average functionalities of from 2.4 to 8, particularly preferably from 2.5 to 3.5 (for polyether polyols b)) or average functionalities from 1.6 to 2.4, preferably 1.8 to 2.4 (for polyether polyols c)) and number average molecular weights of 800 g / mol to 25,000 g / mol, preferably from 800 to 14,000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 1,000 to 8,000 g / mol ( for polyether polyols b) and c)).
• polymer polyols d) are suitable except the o.g. Polyether polyols also polymer modified
• Polyetherpolyols preferably Pfropfpolyetherpolyole, in particular those on styrene and / or
• Polyethers - e.g. inorganic fillers, polyureas (PHD), polyhydrazides, tertiary amino groups bound containing polyurethanes and / or melamine.
• Di- and trifunctional polyether polyols having a number average molecular weight of from 800 to 25,000, preferably from 800 to 14,000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 1,000 to 8,000 g / mol, as components b) or c) are preferred in the preparation of the elastomers according to the invention. used.
• component e low molecular weight difunctional chain extenders, tri- or tetrafunctional crosslinkers or mixtures of chain extenders and crosslinkers.
• Such chain extenders and crosslinkers e) are used to modify the mechanical properties, in particular the hardness of the polyurethane elastomers.
• Suitable chain extenders such as alkanediols, dialkylene glycols and polyalkylene polyols and crosslinking agents, such as 3- or 4-hydric alcohols and oligomeric polyalkylene polyols having a functionality of 3 to 4, usually have molecular weights ⁇ 750 g / mol, preferably from 18 to 400 g / mol, particularly preferably from 60 to 300 g / mol.
• chain extenders are preferably alkanediols having 2 to 12, preferably 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms, for example ethanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol and in particular 1,4-butanediol and dialkylene glycols having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, for example diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol and polyoxyalkylene glycols.
• alkanediols having usually not more than 12 carbon atoms, such as 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-l, 3-propanediol, 2-butyl 2-ethyl-l, 3-propanediol, 2-butene-l, 4-diol and 2-butyne-l, 4-diol, diesters of terephthalic acid with glycols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as terephthalic acid bis-ethylene glycol or Terephthalic acid bis-l, 4-butanediol, hydroxyalkylene ethers of hydroquinone or resorcinol, for example, l, 4-di- (.beta.-hydroxyethyl) hydroquinone or l, 3- (.beta.-hydroxyethyl) -resorcinol, al
• the compounds of component e) can be used in the form of mixtures or individually. It is also possible to use mixtures of chain extenders and crosslinkers.
• the structural components b), c), d) and e) can be varied in relatively wide proportions, the hardness increasing with increasing content of component e) in the reaction mixture.
• the required amounts of the constituent components b), c), d) and e) can be determined experimentally in a simple manner.
• Advantageously used are 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 2.5 to 20 parts by weight of the chain extender and / or crosslinker e), based on 100 parts by weight of the higher molecular weight compounds b), c) and d) used.
• amine catalysts known to the person skilled in the art, for example tertiary amines such as triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenethene triamine and higher homologs (DE-A 26 24 527 and DE-A 26 24 528), 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, N-methyl-N'-dimethylaminoethylpiperazine , Bis (dimethylaminoalkyl) -piperazines, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, N 5 N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N-diethylbenzylamine, bis (N, N-diethylaminoethyl) adipate, N, N, N ', N'-tiary amines such as trie
• Mannich bases of secondary amines such as dimethylamine, and aldehydes, preferably formaldehyde, or ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone, and phenols, such as phenol, nonylphenol or bisphenol.
• Further catalysts which may be used are amines having carbon-silicon bonds, as described in US Pat. No. 3,620,984, for example 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-ol silamorpholine and 1,3-diethylaminomethyl-tetramethyldisiloxane. Also suitable are nitrogen-containing bases such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, furthermore hexahydro triazines.
• NCO groups and Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms is also greatly accelerated by lactams and azalactams.
• organic metal compounds of tin, titanium, bismuth, in particular organic tin compounds as additional catalysts.
• organic tin compounds besides sulfur-containing compounds, such as di-n-octyl-tin-mercaptide, preferably tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids, such as tin (II) acetate, stannous octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate , Tin (IT) laurate and tin (W) compounds, eg Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate.
• sulfur-containing compounds such as di-n-octyl-tin-mercaptide
• tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, stannous
• the reaction mixture for the preparation of the compact and cellular PU elastomers may optionally be provided with additives h).
• additives h Mention may be made, for example, of surface-active additives, such as emulsifiers, foam stabilizers, cell regulators, flame retardants, nucleating agents, antioxidants, stabilizers, lubricants and mold release agents, dyes, dispersing aids and pigments.
• suitable emulsifiers are the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or salts of fatty acids with amines such as diethylamine or diethanolamine stearic acid in question.
• alkali or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or Dinaphrylmethandisulfonkla or of fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid or of polymeric fatty acids can be used as surface-active additives.
• Suitable foam stabilizers are in particular polyethersiloxanes, especially water-soluble representatives. These compounds are generally designed so that a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is connected to a Polydimethylsiloxanrest. Such foam stabilizers are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 2,834,748, US Pat. No. 2,917,480 and US Pat. No. 3,629,308.
• branched polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymers according to DE-A 25 58 523, which are branched over allophanate groups.
• Other suitable organopolysiloxanes are oxyethylated alkylphenols, oxyethylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil or ricinoleic acid esters, Turkish red oil, peanut oil and cell regulators such as paraffins, fatty alcohols and polydimethylsiloxanes.
• Oligomeric polyacrylates having polyoxyalkylene and fluoroalkane radicals as side groups are also suitable for improving the emulsifying action, the dispersion of the filler, the cell structure and / or for stabilizing it.
• the surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the higher molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds b) and c). It is also possible to add reaction retardants, furthermore pigments or dyes and flame retardants known per se, furthermore stabilizers against aging and weathering, plasticizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances.
• FIGS. 1 a to 1 b show the essential method steps
• FIGS. 2 and 3 show by way of example two composite parts with a different construction.
• FIG. 1a the cover film or outer film 1 is inserted into the lower tool 2 and sucked in with a vacuum (not shown). Subsequently, as shown in Figure Ib, the intermediate layer is applied by spraying. Parallel or temporally offset something can then the carrier layer are prepared.
• Figure Ic shows an example of a carrier layer 3 with a honeycomb core 4, which is covered on both sides with glass fiber mats 5, which are sprayed with polyurethane binder or are.
• the polyurethane binder provides on the one hand for the composite of glass fiber mats with the honeycomb core 4 and on the other hand, for the composite with the intermediate layer 6, which is shown in Figure Id.
• the carrier layer 3 is then placed on the intermediate layer 6 connected to the outer film 1 in the mold 2, as shown in FIG.
• the tool cavity is closed with the upper tool 7 (FIG. 1e) 5, which on the one hand achieves the shape of the carrier layer 3 and the composite of the carrier layer 3 with the intermediate layer 6.
• the molded part 8 can then be removed, as shown in FIG.
• FIG. 2 shows the construction of such a composite part 8 removed from the mold and rotated by 180 °, the production of which is shown in FIGS. 1a to If.
• the outer visible end of the composite part forms the outer film 1.
• FIG. 3 shows an alternative construction of a composite part 8, in which the carrier layer 3 consists only of a glass-fiber-reinforced polyurethane matrix without honeycomb core. This may in turn be a glass fiber mat impregnated with polyurethane or else chopped glass fibers which are added only during the application of the polyurethane mixture.
• the composite part likewise has an outer film 1 and an intermediate layer 6 arranged between the outer film 1 and the carrier layer 3.

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• 2005
  • 2005-03-19 DE DE102005012796A patent/DE102005012796A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2006
  • 2006-03-07 EP EP06723253A patent/EP1863629B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2006-03-07 ES ES06723253T patent/ES2365157T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2006-03-07 US US11/886,619 patent/US7972676B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-03-07 JP JP2008502272A patent/JP2008532820A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-03-07 WO PCT/EP2006/002053 patent/WO2006099939A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2006-03-07 PL PL06723253T patent/PL1863629T3/pl unknown
  • 2006-03-07 AT AT06723253T patent/ATE509757T1/de active

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