WO2006079361A1 - Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede de fabrication d'une lame de rasoir - Google Patents

Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede de fabrication d'une lame de rasoir Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006079361A1
WO2006079361A1 PCT/EP2005/001526 EP2005001526W WO2006079361A1 WO 2006079361 A1 WO2006079361 A1 WO 2006079361A1 EP 2005001526 W EP2005001526 W EP 2005001526W WO 2006079361 A1 WO2006079361 A1 WO 2006079361A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
layer
razor blade
blade according
coating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/001526
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vassilis Papachristos
Michalis Karoussis
Dimitris Pissimissis
Cédric Ducros
Frédéric Sanchette
Original Assignee
Bic-Violex Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bic-Violex Sa filed Critical Bic-Violex Sa
Priority to PCT/EP2005/001526 priority Critical patent/WO2006079361A1/fr
Publication of WO2006079361A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006079361A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
    • B26B21/60—Razor-blades characterised by the material by the coating material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to razor blades , razor heads , shavers and methods for manufacturing razor blades .
  • the invention is related to a razor blade comprising a razor blade edge, said razor blade edge comprising: a substrate, and a coating, deposited on said substrate, said coating comprising a plurality of superimposed sets of layers , each of said sets comprising at least a first layer and a second layer, said first layer being mainly metallic .
  • Such razor blades have been studied for some time, and provide interesting strength properties , due to the particular structure of their coatings , which comprise alternating layers .
  • the invention provides a razor blade as previously defined, wherein said second layer is mainly metallic, and wherein said first layer is different from said second layer .
  • said first layer mainly comprises a first metal ; - said first layer further comprises a first component, said first component being different from said first metal ; said first component comprises a third metal, different from said first metal ; - said first component comprises carbon ; said first layer is made of a solid solution of carbon in said first metal; said first layer is made of a carbide of said first metal ; - said first layer is made of a mixture of a solid solution of carbon in said first metal and of a carbide of said first metal ; said first component comprises nitrogen ; - said first layer is made of a solid solution of nitrogen in said first metal; said first layer is made of a nitride of said first metal ; said first layer is made of a mixture of a solid solution of nitrogen in said first metal and of a nitride of said first metal
  • said second layer is made of a mixture of a solid solution of nitrogen in said second metal and of . a nitride of said second metal ; - said second layer comprises at least 50% of said second metal ; said second metal is taken in the following second list for the second metal : chromium, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, platinum, aluminium and copper ; said first metal is different from said second metal ; each set is made of only two layers ; the razor blade further comprises an interlayer between said substrate and said coating ; the razor blade further comprises a polymer coating over said coating ; the razor blade further comprises a top layer over said coating . - the razor blade further comprises a polymer coating over said top layer . said razor blade edge comprises two sides converging towards a cutting tip .
  • the invention is related to a razor head comprising such a razor blade .
  • the invention is related to a shaver comprising such a razor blade .
  • the invention is related to a shaver comprising such a razor head.
  • the invention is related to a method for manufacturing a razor blade comprising a razor blade edge, said razor blade edge comprising: a substrate, and - a coating, said coating comprising a plurality of superimposed sets of layers , each of said sets comprising at least a first layer and a second layer, said first layer being mainly metallic, said second layer being mainly metallic, said first layer being different from said second layer, said method comprising a step (a) wherein said coating is deposited on said substrate .
  • step (a) said substrate is moved alternately in front of a first source comprising a first metal and a second source comprising a second metal, and wherein said first and second sources are operated to form a first layer comprising at least said first metal and a second layer comprising at least said second metal, respectively, of said coating ;
  • said first source comprises a first compound of said first metal and wherein, during step (a) , said first source is operated to form a first layer comprising said first compound in said coating ;
  • said second source comprises a second compound of said second metal and wherein, during step (a) , said second source is operated to form a second layer comprising said second compound in said coating ;
  • step (a) said first source is operated in an atmosphere comprising at least one material reactable with said first metal to form a first layer comprising a first compound of said first metal and said material .
  • step (a) said second source is operated in an atmosphere comprising at least one material reactable with said second metal to form a second layer comprising a second compound of said second metal and said material .
  • step (a) said first source is operated in an atmosphere comprising at least one material reactable with said first compound to form a first layer comprising a compound of said first compound of said first metal and said material .
  • step (a) said second source is operated in an atmosphere comprising at least one material reactable with said second compound to form a second layer comprising a compound of said second compound of said second metal and said material .
  • said first and second sources are sputter targets, and said first and second sources are operated by bombardment of argon ions to release said first metal and said second metal, respectively ;
  • the method further includes a step (b) of depositing an interlayer between said substrate and said coating ;
  • the method further includes a step (c) of depositing a polymer layer over said coating ;
  • the method further includes a step (d) of depositing a top layer over said coating ;
  • the method further includes a step (e) of depositing a polymer layer over said top layer .
  • FIG. 1 is a view of a first embodiment of a razor blade edge
  • Fig . 2 is a view of a second embodiment of a razor blade edge
  • Fig . 3 is a view of a third embodiment of a razor blade edge
  • Fig . 4 is a view of an apparatus suitable for obtaining a blade edge according to any of Fig . 1 to 3 .
  • Fig . 5 is a schematic view of a shaver .
  • corresponding or similar elements have the same reference numbers .
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the edge 1 of a razor blade for a shaver .
  • the razor blade edge is formed from a razor blade edge substrate 2 , of for example stainless steel, ceramic, or other suitable material .
  • the razor blade edge substrate 2 might have previously been submitted to shaping operations, such as grinding operations, in order to provide the shape of a tip, of included angle about 10° to 50° , which is located at the junction of two adj acent sides 4 and 5 , which are for example straight as schematically shown on Fig . 1, or exhibit a gothic arch configuration .
  • the sides 4 , 5 and tip 3 of the razor blade edge substrate 2 are covered by a coating ⁇ which is made of a plurality of superimposed sets of at least two different alternating layers 7 , 8.
  • Each layer can be between 0.5 and 10 nm thick and more preferably between 2 nm and 5 nm.
  • the coating 6 can be as thin as about 20 to 200 nm thick and yet provide strength, hardness, durability and shaving performance similar or better than those of previous coatings .
  • the coating 6 could be further covered by a PTFE overcoat layer 9 , or another similar coating having lubricating properties .
  • both of first and second layers 7 , 8 of each set will mainly be metallic, said first and second layers being different .
  • the materials contained respectively in said first and second layers could be different, or these materials could be identical, but the composition of said first and second layers could be different .
  • “different" composition it is understood that the content of at least one of the materials of said first layer is different by at least 10%, and more preferably at least 50% from the content of the same material in the second layer .
  • the layers could be different by the physical state of compounds in respectively said first and second layers .
  • said first layer could be a mixture of chromium and chromium nitride
  • said second layer could be a solid solution of chromium in nitrogen.
  • first and second layers could be different even with the same material components in the same proportions, when the physical states of the two layers are different .
  • each layer preferably at least 60%, and more preferably at least 75% of the layer is metallic .
  • the percentages are given in atomic percents .
  • each set comprises a first layer 7 of a first metal, said first metal being taken in the list Chromium (Cr) , Tungsten (W) , Titanium (Ti ) , Vanadium (V) , Aluminium (Al) , Zirconium ( Zr) , Niobium (Nb) , Molybdenum (Mo) , Copper (Cu) or Platinium (Pt) .
  • Each set also comprises a second layer 8 of a second metal taken in the preceding list . According to a first type of coating, the first metal taken for forming the first layer 7 and the second metal taken in the second layer 8 are different .
  • the first layer 7 is still a metal
  • the second layer 8 is a metal compound, the metals still being taken in the above list, the second metal of the second layer 8 being the same or different from the first metal of the first layer 7.
  • the metal compound forming the second layer could be a mixture of the second metal with a fourth metal, taken in the above list . It could also be a mixture of the second metal with carbon, such as a carbide of the second metal, a solid solution of carbon in the second metal, or a mixture of at least two of the second metal, the fourth metal, a carbide of the second metal and a solid solution of carbon in the second metal . It could also be a mixture of the second metal with nitrogen, such as a nitride of the second metal, a solid solution of nitrogen in the second metal, or a mixture of at least two of the second metal, the fourth metal , a nitride of the second metal and a solid solution of nitrogen in the second metal .
  • metal carbides nitrides , solid solutions of carbon or nitrogen in metal
  • these compounds could be formed as compounds of the second metal alone, or as compounds of a mixture of second and fourth metals .
  • first and second layers could be taken as well as possible embodiments for the fist layer, with a first metal (and possibly a third metal) in place of the second metal (and the possibly fourth metal) , as long as the first and second layers are different, as herein described.
  • first layer 7 and the second layer 8 could be of the same thickness, or of different thicknesses .
  • first and second layers of two adj acent sets could have the same or different thicknesses .
  • a coherent super lattice structure may be obtained by the repetition of the sets of layers .
  • Such super lattice coatings form hard coatings , with their hardness depending of the thickness period, the properties of the individual layers , and of course the parameters of the used deposition method .
  • Such super lattice coatings can also exhibit reduced internal stresses of the whole coating when compared to single layers of the same constituents .
  • a second embodiment is shown schematically on Fig .
  • an interlayer 10 is deposited between the razor blade edge substrate and the coating 6.
  • the interlayer 10 is for example 10 to 50 nm thick and is made for example of a material or a mixture of the materials taken in the above list .
  • This interlayer could be totally metallic, or a compound of a metal of the above list . If it includes more than one component, the content of at least one of the components could increase, as the distance from the surface of the razor blade edge substrate increases, for example so as to form a smooth transition between the interlayer 10 and the first layer 7 of the adj acent set of the coating 6.
  • a third embodiment is shown schematically on Fig .
  • a top layer 11 is deposited between the coating 6 and the PTFE overcoat layer 9.
  • the top layer 11 is for example 5 to 30 nm thick and is made for example of a metal or a mixture of the metals taken in the above list, or a metallic compound . If it includes more than one component, it could include a decreasing content of at least one component, as the distance from the surface of the razor blade edge substrate increases, for example so as to form a smooth transition between the ultimate layer of the coating ⁇ and the adj acent PTFE overcoat layer 9.
  • Fig . 2 and Fig. 3 could be combined in order to obtain a razor blade comprising a razor blade edge substrate coated with an interlayer 10 , coating 6, a top layer 11 and PTFE overcoat layer 9.
  • Fig. 4 shows an apparatus that could be used for the deposition .
  • An enclosure 12 comprises two sources, for example first and second sputter targets 13, 14 , facing each other .
  • the first target 13 comprises a first metal to be deposited.
  • the second sputter target 14 comprises a second metal .
  • the first target 13 could be made of said first metal, or of a compound of said first metal, such as for example a solid solution of carbon in said first metal .
  • the second target 14 could be made of said second metal, or of a compound of said second metal, such as for example a nitride of said second metal .
  • the second metal could be the same as the first metal .
  • Each of the first and second sputter targets 13, 14 can be supported by a respective first and second magnetic device 23 , 24 for example of the type comprising two side magnets 23b, 23c, and a central magnet 23a of opposite polarity, as shown in detail for first magnetic device 23.
  • the second magnetic device 24 can be of opposite polarity, the central magnet 24a being of the same polarity as side magnets 23b and 23c, and the side magnets 24b and 24c being of the opposite polarity of the central magnet 24a .
  • the above description is purely exemplary, and more than two targets could be used.
  • Each sputter target 13, 14 can be operated by applying a DC current and voltage to the sputter target .
  • a gas source (not shown) delivers argon gas to form an atmosphere in the enclosure .
  • Argon ions Ar+ impinging on the targets will release the metals of the target into the enclosure .
  • the enclosure contains N2 or a carbon-containing gas the released material might at least partially react with the N 2 or carbon-containing gas in order to form a nitrogen compound or a carbon compound, respectively.
  • the razor blade substrates are stacked in bayonets of a rotating carousel 17 which can be moved so that the edge of the razor blade substrates are subsequently displaced in the vicinity of the four matter sources .
  • the released material and/or compounds deposit on the razor blade edge substrates .
  • a voltage bias of up to 1000 V can be applied on the razor blades in a DC mode or pulsed DC mode .
  • the sputter targets comprising the metal (s ) to be part of the interlayer or top layer are operated .
  • the concentration of nitrogen or carbon, respectively, in the interlayer or top layer can be varied .
  • the values of the applied current or power intensities on the targets , the relative speed of the blades with respect to the targets , the bias voltage applied and the N-containing or C-containing gas partial flow will define the properties of the coating.
  • a sputter etching step Prior to the deposition of the coating, a sputter etching step could be applied in order to clean the tip of the blade substrates . Another sputter-etching step could again be applied after the deposition of the coating 6 or top layer 11, when appropriate, and before the application of PTFE .
  • deposition methods are believed to be of possible use in order to obtain razor blades as exemplified on Fig . 1 to 3 , and including for example RF sputtering, ion plating, ion beam assisted deposition, or other deposition methods .
  • a PTFE overcoat layer 9 can be applied, for example by spraying PTFE on the coated blade, or by other suitable method .
  • the obtained blades could be mounted in a razor head containing one, two, three or more blades .
  • the razor head could be held fixedly or removably on a razor handle 16 in order to form a shaver 18.
  • Ar gas is inserted into the chamber up to a suitable pressure and both Cr 13 and Ti 14 targets are operated under DC current control .
  • a DC voltage is applied on the moving stainless steel blades for 4 minutes .
  • the enclosure pressure is adj usted for deposition .
  • Cr and Ti targets operate simultaneously, with the current being 3 Amps on both .
  • a DC voltage of 450 V is applied on the rotating blades .
  • Adj usting the deposition time a Cr/Ti nanolayered film 60 nm thick is deposited on the blade substrate .
  • the ratio of the layer thickness dCr/dTi in this nanolayered structure is 1 , 5 for the selected conditions and the bilayer period is 4 nm.
  • PTFE fluoropolymer final layer
  • the damage on the blade edge was quantified in terms of area of missing materials (i . e . material that has been broken and removed from the edge ) .
  • Cr/Ti coated blades resulted in an 80% decrease of the missing material area as compared with blades with standard production coatings . This result shows the increased durability of the blades with the new Cr/Ti coating .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne une lame de rasoir comprenant un bord de lame de rasoir (1), lequel bord de lame de rasoir comprend un substrat (2) et un revêtement (6) déposé sur ce substrat, lequel revêtement comprend une pluralité d'ensembles superposés de couches (7,8), lesquels ensembles comprennent chacun au moins une première couche et une deuxième couche, laquelle première couche est principalement constituée de métal, de même que la deuxième couche. La première couche est toutefois différente de la deuxième couche.
PCT/EP2005/001526 2005-01-27 2005-01-27 Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede de fabrication d'une lame de rasoir WO2006079361A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2005/001526 WO2006079361A1 (fr) 2005-01-27 2005-01-27 Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede de fabrication d'une lame de rasoir

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2005/001526 WO2006079361A1 (fr) 2005-01-27 2005-01-27 Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede de fabrication d'une lame de rasoir

Publications (1)

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WO2006079361A1 true WO2006079361A1 (fr) 2006-08-03

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7966909B2 (en) 2007-07-25 2011-06-28 The Gillette Company Process of forming a razor blade
CN103938157A (zh) * 2014-05-12 2014-07-23 重庆科技学院 一种ZrNbAlN超晶格涂层及制备方法
US9598761B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2017-03-21 The Gillette Company Strengthened razor blade
US11230024B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2022-01-25 Bic-Violex Sa Razor blade

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5776615A (en) * 1992-11-09 1998-07-07 Northwestern University Superhard composite materials including compounds of carbon and nitrogen deposited on metal and metal nitride, carbide and carbonitride
US6684513B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2004-02-03 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
WO2004018166A1 (fr) * 2002-08-21 2004-03-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Element de coupe a revetement en super-reseau

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5776615A (en) * 1992-11-09 1998-07-07 Northwestern University Superhard composite materials including compounds of carbon and nitrogen deposited on metal and metal nitride, carbide and carbonitride
US6684513B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2004-02-03 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
WO2004018166A1 (fr) * 2002-08-21 2004-03-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Element de coupe a revetement en super-reseau

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7966909B2 (en) 2007-07-25 2011-06-28 The Gillette Company Process of forming a razor blade
US9598761B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2017-03-21 The Gillette Company Strengthened razor blade
US9855665B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2018-01-02 The Gillette Company Llc Strengthened razor blade
CN103938157A (zh) * 2014-05-12 2014-07-23 重庆科技学院 一种ZrNbAlN超晶格涂层及制备方法
CN103938157B (zh) * 2014-05-12 2016-05-25 重庆科技学院 一种ZrNbAlN超晶格涂层及制备方法
US11230024B2 (en) 2014-12-22 2022-01-25 Bic-Violex Sa Razor blade

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