WO2006079360A1 - Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede pour fabriquer une lame de rasoir - Google Patents

Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede pour fabriquer une lame de rasoir Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006079360A1
WO2006079360A1 PCT/EP2005/001522 EP2005001522W WO2006079360A1 WO 2006079360 A1 WO2006079360 A1 WO 2006079360A1 EP 2005001522 W EP2005001522 W EP 2005001522W WO 2006079360 A1 WO2006079360 A1 WO 2006079360A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
razor blade
nitrogen
layer
blade according
coating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/001522
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English (en)
Inventor
Vassilis Papachristos
Michalis Karoussis
Dimitris Pissimissis
Cédric Ducros
Frédéric Sanchette
Original Assignee
Bic Violex Sa
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Publication date
Application filed by Bic Violex Sa filed Critical Bic Violex Sa
Priority to PCT/EP2005/001522 priority Critical patent/WO2006079360A1/fr
Publication of WO2006079360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006079360A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/58—Razor-blades characterised by the material
    • B26B21/60—Razor-blades characterised by the material by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
    • C23C14/568—Transferring the substrates through a series of coating stations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • Razor blade razor head, razor and method of manufacturing a razor blade
  • the invention relates to razor blades and methods of manufacturing a razor blade .
  • the invention is related to a razor blade comprising a razor blade edge which comprises a substrate and a coating on said substrate, said coating comprising a plurality of superimposed sets of at least a first and a second layer .
  • Such razor blades have been studied for some time , and provide interesting strength properties due to the particular structure of their coatings , which comprise alternating layers of two materials .
  • the invention provides a razor blade comprising a razor blade edge which comprises a substrate and a coating on said substrate, said coating comprising a plurality of superimposed sets of at least a first and a second layer, wherein said sets comprise nitrogen . It has been noticed by the inventors that these particular razor blades provide improved combined hardness , wear resistance, strength, durability and shaving performance .
  • said first layer comprises a compound of nitrogen and at least a first material taken in the following list for a first material : Chromium, Tungsten,
  • said compound of the first layer is a nitride of said first material; said compound of the first layer is a solid solution of nitrogen in said first material; - said compound of the first layer is a supersaturated solid solution of nitrogen in said first material ; said compound of the first layer is a mixture of a nitride of said first material and of a solid solution of nitrogen in said first material ; said second layer includes said first material ; said second layer comprises a compound of nitrogen and at least a second material taken in the following list for a second material : Chromium, Tungsten,
  • said compound of the second layer is a nitride of said second material; - said compound of the second layer is a solid solution of nitrogen in said second material; said compound of the second layer is a supersaturated solid solution of nitrogen in said second material; - said compound of the second layer is a mixture of a nitride of said second material and solid solution of nitrogen in said second material; each set of the plurality of sets is made of only two layers ; - the sets are substantially identical ; said sets form a strengthening coating, said razor blade edge further comprising an interlayer between said substrate and said strengthening coating;
  • said interlayer comprises at least one material taken in the following list : Chromium, Tungsten, Titanium, Vanadium, Aluminium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Silicon, Boron or Carbon; said interlayer comprises a content of nitrogen increasing as a distance from the razor blade edge substrate increases ; said sets form a strengthening coating, said razor blade edge further comprising a top layer on said strengthening coating; said top layer comprises at least one material taken in the following list : Chromium, Tungsten, Titanium, Vanadium, Aluminium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Silicon, Boron or Carbon; said top layer comprises a content of nitrogen decreasing as a distance from the razor blade edge substrate increases; said razor blade edge further comprises an overcoat PTFE layer; said edge comprises two sides j oining at a tip; - each layer of said sets has a thickness comprised between 0.5 and 10 nm, preferentially comprised between 2 and 5 nm; said substrate is made of stainless steel; said
  • the invention provides a razor head comprising at least one such razor blade .
  • the invention provides a shaver comprising such a razor head .
  • the invention provides a method of manufacturing a razor blade comprising a razor blade edge which comprises a substrate and a coating covering said substrate, said coating comprising a plurality of superimposed sets of at least a first and a second layer, said method comprising a step (a) wherein, in an enclosure comprising at least a first and a second sources respectively comprising a first and a second material, and in which enclosure an atmosphere is established, said razor blade is submitted to a movement relative to said first and second sources so that it subsequently passes in front of said first and second sources , while said first and second sources are operated to release said first and second materials into said enclosure, wherein, at least one of said atmosphere, first and second matter sources includes nitrogen .
  • said first and second sources are sputter targets each comprising a material taken in the following list : Chromium, Tungsten, Titanium, Vanadium, Aluminium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Silicon, Boron or Carbon, wherein said sputter targets are operated by bombardment of argon ions in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere; said first and second sources are sputter targets at least one of which comprises a compound of nitrogen of a material taken in the following list : Chromium, Tungsten, Titanium, Vanadium, Aluminium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Silicon, Boron or Carbon, wherein said sputter targets are operated by bombardment of argon ions ;
  • a voltage bias is applied on the razor blade .
  • Fig . 1 is a view of a first embodiment of a razor blade edge
  • Fig . 2 is a view of a second embodiment of a razor blade edge
  • - Fig . 3 is a view of a third embodiment of a razor blade edge
  • Fig . 4 is a view of an apparatus suitable for obtaining a blade edge according to any of Fig . 1 to 3
  • Fig . 5 is a schematic view of a mechanical shaver .
  • Fig . 1 is a sectional view of the edge 1 of a razor blade for a mechanical razor .
  • the razor blade edge is formed from a razor blade edge substrate 2 , of for example stainless steel , ceramic, or other suitable material .
  • the razor blade edge substrate 2 might have previously been submitted to shaping operations , such as grinding operations , in order to provide the shape of a tip, of included angle about 10° to 50 ° , which is located at the j unction of two adj acent sides 4 and 5 , which are for example straight as schematically shown on Fig . 1 , or exhibit a gothic arch configuration .
  • the sides 4 , 5 and tip 3 of the razor blade edge substrate 2 are covered, by a coating 6 which is made of a plurality of superimposed sets of alternating layers 7 , 8 of at least two different materials .
  • Each layer can be between 0.5 and 10 nm thick and more preferably between 2 nm and 5 nm.
  • the coating 6 can be as thin as about 20 to 200 nm thick and yet provide strength, hardness , durability and shaving performance similar or better than those of previous coatings .
  • the coating 6 could be further covered by a PTFE overcoat layer 9 , or another similar coating having lubricating properties .
  • first and second layers 7 , 8 will comprise a nitrogen compound .
  • each set comprises a first layer 7 of a nitride of a first material , said first material being taken in the list Chromium (Cr) , Tungsten (W) , Titanium (Ti ) , Vanadium (V) , Aluminium (Al) , Zirconium ( Zr) , Niobium (Nb) , Molybdenum (Mo) , Silicon ( Si ) , Boron (B) or Carbon (C) .
  • Each set also comprises a second layer 8 of a second material taken in the preceding list .
  • the first material taken for forming the material nitride in the first layer 7 and the second material taken in the second layer 8 are the same . According to a second type of coating, they are different materials . Also, a suitable coating could be obtained with the second layer 8 containing a material nitride, and the first layer 7 containing a material .
  • the first layer 7 is still a material nitride
  • the second layer 8 is also a material nitride, the materials still being taken in the above list , the second material of the second layer 8 being different from the first material of the first layer 7.
  • the first layer 7 is a solid solution of nitrogen in a first material taken in the above list .
  • the second layer 8 is a second material taken in the above list .
  • Such a solid solution of nitrogen could be supersaturated, if an excess amount of nitrogen is introduced in the layer .
  • the first layer 7 could include some parts in material nitride phase .
  • the first material forming a compound with nitrogen in the first layer 7 could be the same as the second material of the second layer 8 , or a different one .
  • a suitable coating could be obtained with the second layer 8 containing the solid solution of nitrogen in a material , and the first layer 7 containing a material .
  • the first layer 7 includes a solid solution of nitrogen in a first material taken in the above list
  • the second layer 8 includes a solid solution of nitrogen in a second material taken in the above list, the second material being different from the first material .
  • the first layer 7 is a ( supersaturated) solid solution of nitrogen in a first material of the above list .
  • the second layer 8 includes a nitride of a second material of the above list, said second material being the same , or a different material from the first material of the first layer 7.
  • a suitable coating could be obtained with the second layer 8 comprising a solid solution of nitrogen in the material and the first layer 7 comprising a material nitride .
  • the first layer 7 and the second layer 8 could be of the same thickness , or of different thicknesses .
  • first and second layers of two adj acent sets could have the same or different thicknesses .
  • a coherent super lattice structure may be obtained by the repetition of the sets of layers .
  • Such super lattice coatings form hard coatings , with their hardness depending on the thickness period, the properties of the individual layers , and of course the parameters of the used deposition method .
  • Such super lattice coatings can also exhibit reduced internal stresses of the whole coating when compared to single layers of the same constituents .
  • a second embodiment is shown schematically on Fig .
  • an interlayer 10 is deposited between the razor blade edge substrate and the coating 6.
  • the interlayer 10 is for example 10 to 50 nm thick and is made for example of a material or a mixture of the materials taken in the above list .
  • This interlayer could be totally nitrogen free, or a compound of a material of the above list and nitrogen .
  • the first layer of the next set contains nitrogen, it can include an increasing content of nitrogen, as the distance from the surface of the razor blade edge substrate increases , so as to form a smooth transition between the interlayer 10 and the nitrogen-containing first layer 7 of the adj acent set of the coating 6.
  • a third embodiment is shown schematically on Fig .
  • a top layer 11 is deposited between the coating 6 and the PTFE overcoat layer 9.
  • the top layer 11 is for example 5 to 30 nm thick and is made for example of a material or a mixture of the materials taken in the above list .
  • This top layer could be totally nitrogen free, or a nitrogen compound . If the last layer of the last set contains nitrogen, it could include a decreasing content of nitrogen, as the distance from the surface of the razor blade edge substrate increases , so as to form a smooth transition between the ultimate nitrogen-containing layer of the coating 6 and the adj acent PTFE overcoat layer 9.
  • a razor blade comprising a razor blade edge substrate coated with an interlayer 10 , coating 6, a top layer 11 and PTFE overcoat layer 9. All coatings could be deposited by a PVD method, such as , for example , magnetron sputtering . Alternately, other suitable techniques could be used .
  • Fig . 4 shows an apparatus that could be used for the deposition .
  • An enclosure 12 comprises two sources , for example first and second sputter targets 13 , 14 , facing each other .
  • the first target 13 comprises a first material to be deposited
  • the second sputter target 14 comprises a possibly different second material .
  • Each of the first and second sputter targets 13, 14 can be supported by a respective first and second magnetic device 23 , 24 for example of the type comprising two side magnets 23b, 23c, and a central magnet 23a of opposite polarity, as shown in detail for first magnetic device 23.
  • the second magnetic device 24 can be of opposite polarity, the central magnet 24a being of the same polarity as side magnets 23b and 23c, and the side magnets 24b and 24c being of the opposite polarity of the central magnet 24a .
  • the above description is purely exemplary, and more than two targets could be used .
  • Each sputter target 13 , 14 can be operated by applying a DC current and voltage to the sputter target .
  • a gas source (not shown) delivers argon gas or a mixture of argon and N 2 gas to form an atmosphere in the enclosure .
  • Argon ions Ar+ impinging on the targets will release the material of the target into the enclosure . If the enclosure contains N 2 , the released material might at least partially react with the N 2 gas in order to form a nitrogen compound .
  • the razor blade substrates are stacked in bayonets on a rotating carousel 17 which can be moved so that the edge of the razor blade substrates are subsequently displaced in the vicinity of the two matter sources .
  • the released material and/or nitrogen compounds deposit on the razor blade edge substrates .
  • a voltage bias of up to 1000 V can be applied on the razor blades in a DC mode or pulsed DC mode .
  • some of the sputter targets 13, 14 hold one of the nitrogen-containing material to be deposited, or that targets are sputtered in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere, or both .
  • the sputter targets comprising the material ( s ) to be part of the interlayer or top layer are operated .
  • the concentration of nitrogen in the interlayer or top layer can be varied .
  • the values of the applied current or power intensities on the targets , the relative speed of the blades with respect to the targets , the bias voltage applied and the N 2 partial flow will define the properties of the coating .
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary deposition method is given here .
  • FIG. 1 Another in-line PVD apparatus could be used, wherein the razor blade substrates are stacked in a razor blade holder that is moved back and forth along a linear track passing in front of two or more sputter targets of the above-mentioned type .
  • a sputter etching step Prior to the deposition of the coating, a sputter etching step could be applied in order to clean the tip of the blade substrates .
  • Another sputter-etching step could again be applied after the deposition of the coating 6 or top layer 11 , when appropriate, and before the application of PTFE .
  • deposition methods are believed to be of possible use in order to obtain razor blades as exemplified on Fig . 1 to 3 , and including for example RF sputtering, ion plating, ion beam assisted deposition, or other deposition methods .
  • a PTFE overcoat layer 9 can be applied, for example by spraying PTFE on the coated blade , or by other suitable method .
  • the obtained blades could be mounted in a razor head containing one , two, three or more blades .
  • the razor head could be held fixedly or removably on a mechanical razor handle 16 in order to form a shaver 18.
  • Example 1 ( solid solution Cr (N) /Ti (N) coating) After loading the bayonets containing the blade substrates into the enclosure , the enclosure 12 is evacuated down to a base pressure . First , a sputter etching step is performed . Ar gas is inserted into the chamber up to a pressure suitable for sputter etching . Motion of the bayonets begins at a constant speed that brings the bayonets repeatedly in front of Cr 13 and Ti 14 targets . Both Cr and Ti targets are operated under DC current control and a DC voltage is applied on the blade substrates for 4 minutes .
  • the enclosure pressure is adj usted for the interlayer deposition step .
  • the Cr and Ti targets are operated under DC current control at 3 A while a DC voltage of 300 V is applied on the blade substrates .
  • Adj usting the deposition time and the traveling speed of the blade bayonets a Cr-Ti alloy interlayer 10 of 20 nm is deposited on the edges .
  • the current on Cr and Ti targets is adj usted to 6 and 10 A respectively, while at the same time N 2 is inserted inside the chamber .
  • the partial flow of N 2 (N 2 flow / total flow in seem) is adj usted to 0.16.
  • a negative DC voltage of 300 V is applied on the blade substrates moving at about 1.5 rpm.
  • Adj usting the deposition time and traveling speed a Cr (N) /Ti (N) coating consisting of a plurality of sets of alternate layers of crystalline Cr (N) and Ti (N) solid solutions is deposited on the Cr-Ti alloy layer .
  • the total thickness of the Cr (N) /Ti (N) coating is 72 nm and the combined thickness of a Cr (N) and a Ti (N) layer in the coating is 12 nm.
  • a fluoropolymer overcoat layer (PTFE) 500 nm is deposited, mainly to provide a lower friction of the blade surface .
  • the damage imposed on the blade edge after 10 cuts during the above-described test was also evaluated with the aid of an optical microscope .
  • the damage on the blade edge was quantified in terms of area of missing material (i . e . material that has been broken and removed from the edge) .
  • Cr (N) /Ti (N) coated blades resulted in 80 % decrease of the missing material area as compared with blades with standard production Cr-Pt coating . This result shows the increased durability of the blades with the new Cr (N) /Ti (N) coating .
  • Example 2 ( solid solution Ti (N) /C (N) coating) After loading the bayonets containing the blade substrates into the enclosure, the enclosure is evacuated down to a base pressure . Then Ar gas is inserted into the chamber up to a pressure suitable for sputter etching . Motion of the bayonets begins at a constant speed that brings the bayonets repeatedly in front of the Ti 13 and C 14 targets for a preliminary sputter etching step . Ti target is operated under DC current control and a DC voltage is applied on the blade substrates for 4 minutes .
  • the enclosure pressure is adj usted for the interlayer deposition step .
  • the Ti targets are operated under DC current control at 3 A while a DC voltage of 300 V is applied on the blade substrates .
  • Adj usting the deposition time a Ti interlayer 10 of 20 nm is deposited on the edges .
  • the current on Ti target is adj usted to 10 A and the C target is switched on at 12 A .
  • N 2 is inserted inside the enclosure .
  • the partial flow of N 2 (N 2 flow / total flow in seem) is adjusted to 0.2.
  • a negative DC voltage of 300 V is applied on the blade substrates rotating at about 1.5 rpm.
  • Adj usting the deposition time and traveling speed a Ti (N) /C (N) coating consisting of alternate layers of Ti (N) and C (N) solid solutions is deposited on the Ti interlayer .
  • the total thickness of the Ti (N) /C (N) coating is 70 nm and the combined thickness of a Ti (N) layer and a C (N) layer in the coating is 10 nm.
  • a fluoropolymer overcoat layer (PTFE) of 500 nm is deposited, mainly to provide a lower friction of the blade surface .
  • the damage imposed on the blade edge after 10 cuts during the above-described test was also evaluated with the aid of an optical microscope .
  • the damage on the blade edge was quantified in terms of area of missing material ( i . e . material that has been broken and removed from the edge ) .
  • C (N) /Ti (N) coated blades resulted in 90 % decrease of the missing material area as compared with blades with standard production Cr-Pt coating . This result shows the increased durability of the blades with the new Ti (N) /C (N) coating .
  • Example 3 (CrN/TiN nitride coating) After loading the bayonets containing the blade substrates into the enclosure , the enclosure is evacuated down to a base pressure . Then Ar gas is inserted into the enclosure up to a pressure suitable for sputter etching step . Motion of the bayonets begins at a constant speed that brings the bayonets repeatedly in front of the Cr 13 and Ti 14 targets for a preliminary sputter etching step .
  • Both Cr and Ti targets are operated under DC current control and a DC voltage is applied on the blade substrates for 4 minutes . After the end of sputter etching step the enclosure pressure is adj usted for the interlayer deposition step .
  • Cr and Ti targets are operated under DC current control at 3 A while a negative DC voltage of 300 V is applied on the blade substrates . Adjusting the deposition time and the traveling speed of the blade bayonets a Cr-Ti alloy interlayer of 20 nm is deposited on the edges
  • the current on Cr and Ti targets is adj usted to 6 and 10 A respectively, while at the same time N 2 is inserted into the chamber .
  • the partial flow of N 2 (N 2 flow / total flow in seem) is adjusted to 0.38.
  • a negative DC voltage of 300 V is applied on the blade substrates rotating at about 1.5 rpm.
  • Adj usting the deposition time and traveling speed a CrN/TiN coating consisting of alternate layers of crystalline CrN and TiN is deposited on the Cr-Ti alloy interlayer .
  • the total thickness of the CrN/TiN coating is 70 nm and the combined thickness of a CrN layer and a TiN layer in the coating is 5 nm.
  • a fluoropolymer overcoat layer (PTFE) 500 nm is deposited, mainly to provide a lower friction of the blade surface .
  • the damage imposed on the blade edge after 10 cuts during the above-described test was also evaluated with the aid of an optical microscope .
  • the damage on the blade edge was quantified in terms of area of missing material (i . e . material that has been broken and removed from the edge) .
  • CrN/TiN coated blades resulted in a 90 % decrease of the missing material area as compared with blades with standard production Cr-Pt coating . This result shows the increased durability of the blades with CrN/TiN coating .

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une lame de rasoir (1) dont le bord (2) comporte un substrat recouvert d'un revêtement (6). Ce revêtement contient une pluralité d'ensembles de première (7) et deuxième (8) couches, ces ensembles étant pourvus d'azote.
PCT/EP2005/001522 2005-01-27 2005-01-27 Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede pour fabriquer une lame de rasoir WO2006079360A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2005/001522 WO2006079360A1 (fr) 2005-01-27 2005-01-27 Lame de rasoir, tete de rasoir, rasoir et procede pour fabriquer une lame de rasoir

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2050840A3 (fr) * 2007-10-16 2010-07-14 Noma di Belleri F.LLI S.n.c. Porte -outil et plaquette de coupe ayant un revetement à base de zirconium
WO2016079148A1 (fr) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-26 Athanassios Alexiou Matériau de lame
US9598761B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2017-03-21 The Gillette Company Strengthened razor blade
EP2429777B1 (fr) 2009-05-15 2017-06-28 The Gillette Company LLC Revêtement du lame de rasoir

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1251814A (fr) * 1967-11-06 1971-11-03
GB1342071A (en) * 1970-04-17 1973-12-25 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
US3838512A (en) * 1971-04-13 1974-10-01 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
US5032243A (en) * 1988-09-19 1991-07-16 The Gillette Company Method and apparatus for forming or modifying cutting edges
US5232568A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-08-03 The Gillette Company Razor technology
US6399219B1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2002-06-04 Vapor Technologies, Inc. Article having a decorative and protective coating thereon
EP1287953A1 (fr) * 2000-06-05 2003-03-05 KAI R&D CENTER CO., LTD. Lame de coupe et procede de fabrication de cette lame
WO2005005110A1 (fr) * 2003-07-15 2005-01-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Element de coupe pourvu d'un revetement et presentant un substrat durci au nitrure

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1251814A (fr) * 1967-11-06 1971-11-03
GB1342071A (en) * 1970-04-17 1973-12-25 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
US3838512A (en) * 1971-04-13 1974-10-01 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
US5032243A (en) * 1988-09-19 1991-07-16 The Gillette Company Method and apparatus for forming or modifying cutting edges
US5232568A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-08-03 The Gillette Company Razor technology
US6399219B1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2002-06-04 Vapor Technologies, Inc. Article having a decorative and protective coating thereon
EP1287953A1 (fr) * 2000-06-05 2003-03-05 KAI R&D CENTER CO., LTD. Lame de coupe et procede de fabrication de cette lame
WO2005005110A1 (fr) * 2003-07-15 2005-01-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Element de coupe pourvu d'un revetement et presentant un substrat durci au nitrure

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2050840A3 (fr) * 2007-10-16 2010-07-14 Noma di Belleri F.LLI S.n.c. Porte -outil et plaquette de coupe ayant un revetement à base de zirconium
EP2429777B1 (fr) 2009-05-15 2017-06-28 The Gillette Company LLC Revêtement du lame de rasoir
EP2429777B2 (fr) † 2009-05-15 2022-06-01 The Gillette Company LLC Revêtement du lame de rasoir
US9598761B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2017-03-21 The Gillette Company Strengthened razor blade
US9855665B2 (en) 2009-05-26 2018-01-02 The Gillette Company Llc Strengthened razor blade
WO2016079148A1 (fr) * 2014-11-18 2016-05-26 Athanassios Alexiou Matériau de lame

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