WO2006073428A2 - Alliages de titane et de tungstene produits par addition de nanopoudre de tungstene - Google Patents

Alliages de titane et de tungstene produits par addition de nanopoudre de tungstene Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006073428A2
WO2006073428A2 PCT/US2005/013291 US2005013291W WO2006073428A2 WO 2006073428 A2 WO2006073428 A2 WO 2006073428A2 US 2005013291 W US2005013291 W US 2005013291W WO 2006073428 A2 WO2006073428 A2 WO 2006073428A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
beta
tungsten
titanium
product
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/013291
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English (en)
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WO2006073428A3 (fr
Inventor
Stanley Abkowitz
Susan M. Abkowitz
Harvey Fisher
Patricia Schwartz
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Dynamet Technology, Inc.
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Publication date
Application filed by Dynamet Technology, Inc. filed Critical Dynamet Technology, Inc.
Publication of WO2006073428A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006073428A2/fr
Publication of WO2006073428A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006073428A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/06—Titanium or titanium alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/022—Metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • titanium-tungsten alloys and composites are disclosed herein. Also disclosed is a method of making such alloys and composites using nanopowders of tungsten and optionally comprising slow-diffusing beta stabilizers, such as but not limited to V, Nb, Mo, and Ta.
  • beta stabilizers such as but not limited to V, Nb, Mo, and Ta.
  • Ti alloys strengthened by W are generally desirable because they are strong wear resistant alloys, such alloys are difficult, if not impossible, to prepare by typical techniques.
  • W generally completely dissolves in the molten Ti during the melting step. As the resulting ingot solidifies beta-rich large, elongated islands form between the dendrites of the solidified casting. These resulting defects lead to poor mechanical properties in the final product.
  • Ti-W alloys are mentioned in the literature for use as sputtering targets and in thin film applications; however, these alloys are tungsten (W) based with typically 10% or less Ti.
  • nanopowder is defined as powders less than 1 micron, such as powders ranging from about 8 angstroms (the detection limit of electron microscopy) to less than 1 micron.
  • W nanopowder in the preparation of Ti-W alloys allows the W to completely diffuse into the Ti matrix during a typical P/M sintering cycle.
  • completely diffused W nanopowder forms an alpha/beta or all beta microstructure, or as alpha/beta or all beta microstructure containing a dispersion described as "beta phase islands.”
  • Beta phase islands are a microscopic beta rich structure dispersed throughout an alpha, alpha/beta or all-beta microstructure.
  • These dispersions result in Ti/W alloys with properties that are superior to a dispersion of partially diffused W particulates produced using Ti powder 3 ⁇ m or larger.
  • the commercially pure (CP) Ti with 10% W containing dispersions of beta phase islands can have properties superior to Ti- 6AI-4V.
  • the Ti-6AI-4V with 10% W can have annealed properties equivalent to the highly alloyed all-beta alloys that require solution treatment and aging to fully develop their properties (e.g. Ti-13V-11 Cr-3AI).
  • W nanopowder can be blended with CP (commercially pure) Ti powder and, in the case of an alloy, blended with Ti powder, other elemental powders or with master alloy powders, which is defined as the mixture of starting metal powders used to form the resulting alloy by powder metallurgy processing.
  • the powder blend is compacted, sintered and may or may not be hot isostatic pressed.
  • the product may be subjected to additional processing, such as, forging, casting, or extrusion.
  • a casting billet may also be prepared in the manner described above and then cast to shape.
  • Ti-W master alloy additions can also be prepared by the methods disclosed in this invention. These master alloy additions can be used in casting of Ti-W or may be made into master alloy powder by attrition for use in P/M processing. Agent Ref. 1017.33-304
  • the total diffusion of W results in an alpha/beta phase microstructure in CP titanium typical of commercial alpha/beta alloys. In alpha/beta alloys the total diffusion of W results in a near beta or all beta microstructure.
  • the Ti-W alloys also have properties that are superior to conventional Ti-6AI-4V. Further the Ti-W alpha/beta and all-beta alloys can be solution treated and aged in much the same way as conventional heat treatable Ti alloys.
  • a method of making an alloy having a uniform dispersion of beta phase islands within a Ti matrix is disclosed herein.
  • this uniform dispersion of beta phase islands can be controlled within the Ti matrix by adjusting the P/M sintering time and/or by manipulating the W powder size to a range from 8 angstroms to less then 3 ⁇ m, such as less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the beta phase island dispersion results in improved room and elevated temperature properties.
  • the above-described method based on tungsten (W) can be used with other beta stabilizers, such as but not limited to V, Nb, Mo, and Ta.
  • the powder size of the particular beta stabilizer is related to the beta stabilizer's diffusivity at the sintering temperature of Ti.
  • the creation of a uniform dispersion of beta phase is dependent on, among other things, the size of the beta stabilizer powder.
  • the beta stabilizer powder is less then 3 ⁇ m, such as less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the powder size used according to the present disclosure is also related to the beta stabilizer's diffusivity at the sintering temperature.
  • the powder size range can depend on the desired matrix microstructure (i.e. alpha/beta or all beta), the size and number of beta phase islands and the desired amount of partially diffused beta stabilizer (residual undiffused particulate) with the beta phase islands, such as at the center of the beta phase islands.
  • Partially dissolved particles of the beta-stabilizing addition such as partially dissolved particles of W, V, Nb, Mo, or Ta, may be present within, such as Agent Ref. 1017.33-304
  • the beta phase islands may contribute to the strengthening mechanism.
  • Ti metal matrix composites containing particulate reinforcement of titanium carbide (TiC), titanium boride (TiB) or titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) can also be enhanced by W nanopowder additions or the addition of sub- sieve sized powder of other beta stabilizers.
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a titanium-tungsten alloy according to the present invention.
  • One aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a composition of a titanium based alloy comprising a titanium material and tungsten in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 40% by weight.
  • the W powder addition used to make the alloy has an average diameter of less then 3 ⁇ m in size, such as less than 1 ⁇ m, and ranging from 8 angstroms to less then 1 ⁇ m as measured by the Fisher sub-screen size method, electron microscopy and/or photon correlation spectroscopy.
  • the titanium in the Ti/W alloy described herein may comprise CP Ti powder or a Ti alloy, such as Ti-6AI-4V.
  • the composition may comprise an alternative or additional slow diffusing beta stabilizer chosen from but not limited to V, Nb, Mo, and Ta. Such stabilizers will lead to an alloy containing dispersions of beta phase islands or an all beta structure with dispersions of partially dissolved beta stabilizer. In one embodiment, the beta phase islands contain undiffused particulate beta stabilizer at the core of the islands. Agent Ref. 1017.33-304
  • Beta flecks are generally a form of beta phase islands that are well-known as a defect. See, for example, “Powder Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys,” by Froes and Smugeresky, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, PA 1980; ASM Online Handbook, “Wrought Titanium and Titanium Alloys - Wrought Titanium Processing,”; “Processing of Titanium and Titanium Alloys - Secondary Fabrication,” Y.G. Zhou, J. L. Tang, H.Q. Yu, and W. D.
  • beta fleck defects The occurrence of beta fleck defects is generally unpredictable, and usually results in poor properties, and thus may lead to the premature failure of a component. Contrary to the teachings of the prior art, the present disclosure provides for the creation of uniform dispersions of beta phase islands that can improve the mechanical properties of Ti and its alloys.
  • the beta fleck defect occurs in alpha-beta and near beta alloys where segregation of alloying elements results in localized regions depleted in alpha stabilizers (e.g. aluminum) or with an excess of beta stabilizers (e.g. molybdenum). These regions then transform to the beta phase resulting in beta flecks. Contamination of powder or castings by tramp particles of a beta stabilizer, such as W, can also result in beta flecks.
  • alpha stabilizers e.g. aluminum
  • beta stabilizers e.g. molybdenum
  • the alloy has a microstructure that comprises all-alpha phase, alpha/beta phases and all beta phase, or all-alpha phase and alpha/beta phases comprising a dispersion of beta phase islands.
  • the beta phase islands optionally include partially diffused beta stabilizer within the beta phase islands, such as at the center of the beta phase islands.
  • a titanium material powder with a tungsten powder to form a blended powder that comprises from 0.5% to 40% by weight of tungsten powder having an average diameter less then 3 ⁇ m in size, such as ranging from 8 angstroms to less than 1 ⁇ m, such as ranging from 10nm to 500nm; compacting the blended powder; and sintering the compacted and blended powder, wherein the sintered compact can then be hot isostatically pressed if necessary.
  • the part may be further processed by techniques including, but not limited to casting, forging, and extrusion.
  • the alloy described herein may be used in implantable medical devices, such as orthopedic implants, including spinal implants, disc prostheses, nucleus prostheses, bone fixation devices, bone plates, spinal rods, rod connectors, knees, and hip prostheses, dental implants, implantable tubes, wires, and electrical leads.
  • implantable medical devices such as orthopedic implants, including spinal implants, disc prostheses, nucleus prostheses, bone fixation devices, bone plates, spinal rods, rod connectors, knees, and hip prostheses, dental implants, implantable tubes, wires, and electrical leads.
  • the alloy may be used in drug delivery devices, including stents.
  • the alloy disclosed herein may also be formed into a product, such as a billet for further processing.
  • the product may be an automotive component such as valves, conrods, and piston pins.
  • the product may also comprise an armored vehicle component such as tank track center guides and undercarriage parts.
  • an armored vehicle component such as tank track center guides and undercarriage parts.
  • the product may comprise a tool or die material for metal casting.
  • the product may also be an aircraft component such as a turbine rotor, and a leading edge of a helicopter rotor blade.
  • a powder metallurgy technique was used to produce a tungsten containing titanium alloy. Using this method, beta phase island dispersions were created in CP Ti and in Ti-6AI-4V with 10% by weight W.
  • nanopowder 30 to 45 nanometers (.003 to .004 ⁇ m) in size with a specific surface area of between 7 to 10 m 2 /g was blended with CP Ti powder and processed as described above. These W nanopowders were also blended with CP Ti and master alloy powders to form the Ti-6AI-4V composition shown in Table 1.
  • the W nanopowder was taken into solution in the Ti matrix on sintering the compacted blend, forming an alpha/beta structure with a uniform beta phase island dispersion.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the W nanopowder completely diffused to form a beta phase island dispersion in the alpha/beta matrix.
  • the diffusion of the W nanopowder transformed the all alpha microstructure typical of CP Ti to alpha/beta containing a dispersion of beta phase islands. In this case there was no evidence of any undissolved W.
  • Table 1 shows that 10% W nano-sized powder addition substantially improved the strength of CP Ti resulting in twice the strength of CP Ti 1 as well as a higher strength then Ti-6AI-4V with roughly equivalent ductility.
  • the W nanopowder addition resulted in a 30% improvement in strength while maintaining satisfactory ductility.

Abstract

Alliages et matières composites de titane-tungstène dans lesquels le tungstène constitue 0,5 % à 40 % en poids de l'alliage. La présente invention concerne également un procédé de production desdits alliages et composites à l'aide de poudres de tungstène de taille inférieure à 3µm, telle que 1µm ou moins. Elle concerne également un procédé de production dudit alliage de titane par la métallurgie des poudres, et des produits obtenus à partir desdits alliages ou de billettes, qui peuvent être moulés, forgés ou extrudés. Ces procédés de production peuvent être utilisés pour produire des alliages de titane contenant d'autres stabilisants bêta à diffusion lente, tels, entre autres, que V, Nb, Mo et Ta.
PCT/US2005/013291 2004-04-19 2005-04-19 Alliages de titane et de tungstene produits par addition de nanopoudre de tungstene WO2006073428A2 (fr)

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US60/563,009 2004-04-19

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