WO2006073194A1 - Guide d'ondes optiques, dispositif optique et dispositif de communication optique - Google Patents

Guide d'ondes optiques, dispositif optique et dispositif de communication optique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006073194A1
WO2006073194A1 PCT/JP2006/300111 JP2006300111W WO2006073194A1 WO 2006073194 A1 WO2006073194 A1 WO 2006073194A1 JP 2006300111 W JP2006300111 W JP 2006300111W WO 2006073194 A1 WO2006073194 A1 WO 2006073194A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
mode
light
photonic crystal
refractive index
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2006/300111
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Akiko Gomiyou
Jun Ushida
Hirohito Yamada
Tou Thu
Original Assignee
Nec Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nec Corporation filed Critical Nec Corporation
Priority to JP2006550911A priority Critical patent/JPWO2006073194A1/ja
Publication of WO2006073194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006073194A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices

Definitions

  • Optical waveguide, optical device, and optical communication apparatus are Optical waveguide, optical device, and optical communication apparatus.
  • the present invention relates to an optical waveguide made of a photonic crystal obtained by arranging two or more kinds of substances having different refractive indexes in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional period, an optical device including the same, and an optical communication Relates to the device.
  • Photonic crystals in which two or more types of materials with different refractive indices are arranged in a multidimensional period in the order of the wavelength of light (usually 0.3 to 0.7 m) have strong light confinement due to the photonic band gap. It is expected to be effective, and it is expected to be applied to various optical devices and micro optical circuits using this. It is also known that an optical waveguide is formed inside a photonic crystal by providing a linear defect in the photonic crystal (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
  • Non-Patent Document 1 J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan Photonic Crystal: pu tting a new twist on light, Nature 386 ⁇ 143 pages 1997
  • Non-Patent Document 2 Proceedings of the 51st Joint Conference on Applied Physics, Kitagawa et al., 3rd pp. 1169, Lecture No. 31a-M-3
  • Non-Patent Document 3 Physical 'Review' Letters (2001), Notomi et al., No. 87, No. 25, 25 pages 3902 to 253905
  • An electromagnetic wave (light) in an optical waveguide made of a photonic crystal includes an optical waveguide mode that can be guided (light propagates) and a slab mode that cannot be guided (no light propagates). Or there is a radiation mode.
  • linear defect optical waveguide An optical waveguide obtained by providing a linear defect in the above-described photonic crystal (hereinafter referred to as a linear defect optical waveguide) is sandwiched between two slab mode bands obtained by providing a linear defect.
  • Line-defect waveguide mode formed in the photonic band gap It is common to use it.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 proposes a photonic crystal structure that realizes polarization independence in the photonic band gap.
  • optical waveguides made of photonic crystals a configuration capable of guiding both of the two optical waveguide modes orthogonal to the light traveling direction has been realized.
  • the present invention has been made in view of a serious problem, and it is possible to use two optical waveguide modes orthogonal to the traveling direction of light to improve the degree of design freedom. It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical waveguide and an optical device.
  • the optical waveguide according to the first invention of the present application is an optical waveguide comprising a photonic crystal obtained by arranging two or more kinds of substances having different refractive indexes in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional period.
  • a refractive index guide mode which is an optical waveguide mode with the lowest frequency.
  • the optical waveguide according to the second invention of the present application is such that light travels in an optical waveguide made of a photonic crystal obtained by arranging two or more kinds of substances having different refractive indexes in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional cycle.
  • an optical waveguide made of a photonic crystal obtained by arranging two or more kinds of substances having different refractive indexes in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional cycle.
  • a line defect waveguide mode is used for the first optical waveguide mode
  • the second optical waveguide mode is characterized in that light is propagated by using a refractive index guide mode which is an optical waveguide mode having the lowest frequency in the dispersion relationship of the photonic crystal. (See Figure 9 and Figure 11)
  • An optical waveguide according to the third invention of the present application is an optical waveguide made of a photonic crystal obtained by arranging two or more kinds of substances having different refractive indexes in a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional period. Light is propagated in two optical waveguide modes orthogonal to the traveling direction of light using a refractive index guide mode which is an optical waveguide mode of the lowest frequency in the dispersion relationship of the photonic crystal. (See Figure 10)
  • the refractive index guide mode which is the optical waveguide mode with the lowest frequency, is used for light propagation, so that the optical waveguide has a direction substantially perpendicular to the light traveling direction.
  • Two optical waveguide modes with electric field vectors can propagate.
  • two optical waveguide modes each having an electric field vector in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of light can be used in an optical waveguide made of a photonic crystal. Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing the optical waveguide and various optical devices using the optical waveguide is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a line defect optical waveguide provided in a photonic crystal.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of an electric field vector of light propagating in the line defect optical waveguide shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the dispersion relationship of the optical waveguide mode shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light transmission characteristics of the optical waveguide mode shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a second example of an electric field vector of light propagating in the line defect optical waveguide shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the dispersion relationship of the optical waveguide mode shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the light transmission characteristics of the optical waveguide mode shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another configuration example of a photonic crystal in which a line defect optical waveguide is formed.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another configuration example of a photonic crystal in which a line defect optical waveguide is formed.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing another configuration example of a photonic crystal in which a line defect optical waveguide is formed.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing another configuration example of a photonic crystal in which a line defect optical waveguide is formed.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing light transmission characteristics when TE-like mode light propagates in a line-defect waveguide mode in a line-defect optical waveguide formed in a photonic crystal.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing light transmission characteristics when TM-like mode light propagates in a line defect optical waveguide formed in a photonic crystal by a refractive index guide mode.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing light transmission characteristics including a wavelength band corresponding to a mode gap when TM-like mode light propagates through a refractive index guide mode in a line defect optical waveguide formed in a photonic crystal.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing light transmission characteristics including a wavelength band corresponding to a mode gap when TM-like mode light propagates in a waveguide by a refractive index guide mode.
  • FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a configuration example of an optical device including the optical waveguide of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of an optical switch including the optical waveguide of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a plan view showing a configuration example of an optical multiplexing / demultiplexing device including the optical waveguide of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of an optical communication device including the optical waveguide of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
  • This refractive index guide mode is an optical waveguide mode in which light is guided by a refractive index difference formed by providing a linear defect in a photonic crystal.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a line defect optical waveguide provided in a photonic crystal
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of an electric field vector of light propagating in the line defect optical waveguide shown in FIG. FIG.
  • the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 1 includes, as a photonic crystal 1, a slab layer having a large number of vacancies 10 and also having a silicon (Si) force, and a line in which no vacancies 10 are formed.
  • a defect region is provided.
  • the refractive index of the linear defect region is set to a value larger than the average refractive index of the photonic crystal.
  • This linear defect region becomes a line defect optical waveguide 2, and light travels in the direction of the arrow (Ei) in FIG.
  • the TE-like mode light propagates by the refractive index guide mode, which is an optical waveguide mode at the lowest frequency.
  • the reason why TE-like mode light propagates in the line defect optical waveguide 2 provided in the photonic crystal 1 by the refractive index guide mode is as follows.
  • Non-Patent Document 3 has already revealed that a refractive index guide mode based on the structure of a line-defect optical waveguide exists at the lowest frequency of the slab mode band.
  • This refractive index guide mode is formed by a refractive index difference in a direction orthogonal to the light traveling direction of the line defect optical waveguide 2.
  • the refractive index guide mode based on the structure of the line defect optical waveguide overlaps the frequency band force S slab mode band as shown in the graph of FIG. For this reason, it has been conventionally considered that the refractive index guide mode cannot be used as an optical waveguide mode with a large propagation loss of light (TE-like mode).
  • this refractive index guide mode has a dispersion relationship close to that of a simple thin-line optical waveguide using the material constituting the photonic crystal 1. Therefore, even if the refractive index guide mode frequency band is close to or within the slab mode, light propagates while feeling a weak refractive index difference on the plane orthogonal to the light traveling direction.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of calculating the light transmission characteristics of the line defect waveguide 2 shown in FIG. 1 using the FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) method.
  • FDTD Finite Difference Time Domain
  • the frequency band with a flat light transmission characteristic shown in FIG. 4 (a) is a line defect waveguide mode region, and the frequency band with a flat light transmission characteristic shown in FIG. 4 (b) is a refractive index guide mode. It is an area.
  • the refractive index guide mode is similar to the line defect waveguide mode (FIG. 4 (a)) formed in the well-known photonic band gap. Light can be propagated with little propagation loss. In other words, the refractive index guide mode can propagate light in a lower frequency band than the line defect waveguide mode. In particular, in the region where the standard wavenumber k is close to the edge of the Brillian zone, the difference between the wave number in the slab mode band becomes large, and the light propagates only in the refractive index guide mode because the coupling between the two modes is weak.
  • This refractive index guide mode is desirably used as an optical waveguide mode when the standard wavenumber k is in the range of 0.25 or more and 0.5 or less in the dispersion relationship of the photonic crystal. The reason is explained below.
  • the refractive index guide mode light propagating in the line defect optical waveguide 2 provided in the photonic crystal 1 is present in the vicinity of the frequency band slab mode or in the slab mode. However, it propagates while feeling a weak difference in refractive index on a plane orthogonal to the traveling direction of light.
  • This refractive index guide mode often exists in the slab mode in the region where the standard wavenumber k is less than 0.25.
  • the light confinement effect by the refractive index guide mode is weak, so the propagation loss of guided light becomes very large, and it propagates only by traveling a distance of about several meters. The light intensity drops from 1/100 to less than 1/1000.
  • the inventors of the present application have confirmed by simulation or the like that there is almost no propagation loss in the propagating light even after traveling through the optical waveguide more than several hundreds of meters.
  • the value of the standard wave number k is equivalent to the case where all wave numbers are considered, considering the values from 0 to 0.5 in the first Brillian zone. Therefore, it is desirable that the standard wavenumber k of the refractive index guide mode is 0.25 or more and 0.5 or less.
  • the electric field vector of the light propagating through the line-defect optical waveguide provided in the photonic crystal is perpendicular to the slab surface of the photonic crystal as shown in Fig. 5, which is only in the TE-like mode direction shown in Fig. 2. There is also a direction (Ex vector in Fig. 5) that is orthogonal to the traveling direction of light.
  • the line-defect optical waveguide provided in the photonic crystal 1 as shown in FIG. 6, it is further away from the lower end frequency of the continuous slab mode band, and is formed based on the structure of the line-defect optical waveguide. It is possible to propagate light by the refractive index guide mode.
  • the optical waveguide mode is called a TM-like mode.
  • the reason why TM-like mode light can be propagated in the refractive index guide mode is that the TE-like mode light described above is used. This is the same as the reason for propagation.
  • the TM-like mode light propagating in the refractive index guide mode also has a frequency band overlapping with the slab mode band as in the case of the TE-like mode light. For this reason, in the refractive index guide mode, it has been conventionally considered that TM-like mode light cannot be used as an optical wave mode because of its large propagation loss.
  • the well-known line-defect waveguide mode has an electric field vector in which a photonic band gap is formed between two optical waveguide modes orthogonal to the light traveling direction. Only one polarized light (TE-like mode) can be propagated, and TM-like mode light cannot be propagated.
  • TE-like mode Only one polarized light (TE-like mode) can be propagated, and TM-like mode light cannot be propagated.
  • the optical waveguide using the refractive index guide mode which is a feature of the present invention, not only the TE-like mode but also the TM-like mode light can be propagated, so the optical waveguide and the optical device using the optical waveguide are designed. The degree of freedom when doing so is improved.
  • the refractive index guide mode is an optical waveguide in which the normalized wavenumber k is in the range of 0.25 to 0.5. It is desirable to use it as a mode.
  • TE-like mode light can be propagated by using a well-known line defect waveguide mode.
  • light in the TE-like mode and the TM-like mode can be propagated by using the refractive index guide mode.
  • the band structure of photonic crystal 1 is optimized using the refractive index difference, periodicity (ratio of high refractive index material and low refractive index material, periodic structure) and slab layer thickness as parameters. By setting, it is possible to propagate the TE-like mode and TM-like mode light into the line defect optical waveguide 2 while maintaining the same light intensity. Like mode and TM-like mode light can be propagated in the same frequency band.
  • the SiO layer is formed with a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m.
  • the substrate has a plurality of holes.
  • a triangular lattice hole-type photonic crystal is formed.
  • This lattice constant is about 0.3
  • the line defect optical waveguide 2 is formed by providing a linear defect that does not form a hole in the light traveling direction. Then, the length of the line defect optical waveguide 2 is set to about 600 m with 20 m force. With such a structure, it is possible to propagate light in the TE-like mode and the TM-like mode to the optical waveguide made of the photonic crystal 1 that has been considered difficult.
  • TE-like mode is an example in which light in the TE-like mode and TM-like mode propagates in the same frequency band in the line defect optical waveguide 2 provided in the photonic crystal 1. It is also possible to propagate mode and TM-like mode light in different frequency bands.
  • the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 8 shows the configuration of an optical waveguide made of a general photonic crystal including the optical waveguide shown in FIG. Each of the photonic crystal regions 3 is formed. In such a configuration, the light traveling direction is the + y direction. Further, the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 8 has a configuration in which the refractive index distribution in the X direction in FIG. Furthermore, when looking at the slab structure of the photonic crystal region 3 and its refractive index distribution in the vertical direction (z-axis direction), the refractive index increases on the slab surface of the photonic crystal region 3.
  • the width and height of the line defect region 6 are appropriately determined, and the line defect region 6 Compared to 6, the slab layer of the photonic crystal region 5 is formed thinner. Even in such a configuration, similarly to the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 8, light having an electric field vector substantially parallel to the X direction and light having an electric field vector substantially parallel to the z direction can be propagated in the refractive index guide mode, respectively. .
  • the lattice constant is 0.38 ⁇ m
  • the hole diameter is 0.16 ⁇ m
  • the line defect region is The width of the slab is about 0.25 m and the slab layer thickness of the photonic crystal region is about 0.05 m.
  • the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 10 has a configuration using a square lattice rod type having a plurality of square lattice rods in the photonic crystal region 7 formed on both sides of the line defect region 8. Have. Even with such a configuration, light having an electric field vector substantially parallel to the X direction and light having an electric field vector substantially parallel to the z direction can be propagated in the refractive index guide mode, similarly to the optical waveguide shown in FIG.
  • the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 11 has a configuration using a three-dimensional photonic crystal structure in which a plurality of rod-shaped substances are laminated in the photonic crystal region 10 with a predetermined gap.
  • the line defect region 11 is formed by providing a material having a refractive index higher than that of the photonic crystal region 10 at a position surrounded by the photonic crystal region 10. Even with such a configuration, similarly to the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 8, two lights having an electric field vector in a direction substantially orthogonal to the light traveling direction can be propagated in the respective refractive index guide modes.
  • the sample used for the measurement has a so-called air bridge structure in which Si is used as the slab layer of the photonic crystal and a large number of vacancies are provided on both sides of the linear defect. SiO in each hole
  • TE-like mode light whose wavelength band is around 1550 nm and whose electric field vector direction is parallel to the slab surface of the photonic crystal is propagated in the sample by the line defect waveguide mode. .
  • the light transmission characteristics of the line defect optical waveguide at this time are as shown in FIG. In Fig. 12, the transmitted light level is about 20 dB overall.
  • the coupling loss between the recessed optical waveguide and the optical fiber for entering light into the line-defect optical waveguide is about 10 dB, and the optical fiber that receives light emitted from the line-defect optical waveguide and the line-defect optical waveguide The coupling loss is about -10dB. Therefore, there is almost no propagation loss of the line defect optical waveguide itself formed in the photonic crystal.
  • the direction of the electric field vector of the incident light is rotated by 90 degrees, and TM-like mode light orthogonal to the slab surface of the photonic crystal is incident on the sample.
  • the light transmission characteristics of the line defect optical waveguide at this time are as shown in FIG.
  • a line defect optical waveguide formed by providing a line defect in a photonic crystal has the same transmission characteristics for two lights having an electric field vector in a direction substantially orthogonal to the light traveling direction.
  • the light of the refractive index guide mode is folded (reflected) at the edge of the Brilliant zone in the wave number space of the refractive index guide mode shown in Figs. That is, a mode gap is formed at the end of the Brillian zone because a periodic structure with a refractive index in the traveling direction of light exists.
  • the mode gap when the optical waveguide mode is the TE-like mode is as shown in FIG. 3, and the mode gap when the optical waveguide mode is the TM-like mode is as shown in FIG.
  • the normalized wave number k is 0.25 or more in the dispersion relationship of the photonic crystal. In the range of 5 or less, light propagates with little loss. On the other hand, in the frequency band of the mode gap, light does not propagate through the line defect optical waveguide.
  • FIG. 14 shows the result of calculation by the FDTD method for the light transmission characteristics when light having an electric field vector orthogonal to the slab surface is incident in the line defect optical waveguide.
  • Figure 15 shows the results of measuring the over-characteristics.
  • Fig. 16 shows the ratio of the lattice constant (a) to the hole radius (r) (rZa) in a triangular lattice hole type photonic crystal as an example of controlling the mode gap frequency and gap width. This shows how the mode gap frequency changes when) is changed as a parameter.
  • Figure 17 shows how the gap width ( ⁇ ) changes when (r Za) is changed as a parameter.
  • Figures 16 and 17 both show the results calculated by the FDTD method.
  • band-2 in Fig. 16 is the standard frequency.
  • Figure 17 shows the change in the gap width ( ⁇ ) with respect to the change in the ratio (rZa) of the lattice constant (a) to the hole radius (r) when light in the 1550nm band is propagated.
  • the frequency and gap width of the mode gap can be controlled by changing the ratio (rZa) of the lattice constant (a) to the hole radius (r) so that the graph forces in Figs. 16 and 17 are also divided. . It can also be seen that a practically effective wavelength width of 1 nm or more and lOnm or less can be obtained as the gap width.
  • the optical waveguide shown in FIG. 18 is an SOI wafer having a SiZSiO ZSi structure on the substrate (Si layer
  • a photonic crystal on the Si layer with a thickness of about 0 ⁇ 25; z m and a SiO layer thickness of about 1 m
  • thin wire optical waveguides 131 and 132 made of Si are connected to the light input / output side of the line defect optical waveguide. Furthermore, trapezoidal interface portions 141 and 142 having a length of about 0.3 / zm are provided between the thin-line optical waveguides 131 and 132 and the line-defect optical waveguide in order to reduce the coupling loss of light.
  • the holes provided in the substrate are formed, for example, by forming a resist having an opening in a hole forming region by an electron beam exposure method and removing the Si layer by dry etching using the resist as a mask. . After that, SiO is embedded in the pores with a thickness of about.
  • a tip single-mode optical fiber is connected to the end faces of the thin-line optical waveguides 131 and 132, and light in the TE-like mode and TM-like mode with a wavelength of 1550 nm is guided through the refractive index.
  • the same results as in FIGS. 12 to 15 are obtained as the light transmission characteristics.
  • the optical waveguide using the refractive index guide mode which is a feature of the present invention, is used, the same transmission characteristics can be obtained for light in the TE-like mode and the TM-like mode, respectively. Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing an optical device including this optical waveguide is improved.
  • a material having a refractive index of about 3 or more such as GaAs, InP, a compound thereof (eg, GalnAsP) or an A1 compound, is selected instead of Si. It is also possible to do this. In that case, to set the light transmission wavelength to the 1550nm band, adjust the lattice constant and the hole diameter, respectively.
  • the optical switch includes two line-defect optical waveguides provided in the photonic crystal 22 and a thin-line optical waveguide connected to the input / output side of the two line-defect waveguides.
  • Spot size converters 241 and 242 for converting the spot size of light are connected to the tips of the thin optical waveguides 231 to 234 connected to the input and output sides of the line defect waveguide, respectively.
  • the thin-line optical waveguides 231 and 232 connected to the input side of the line defect waveguide have different spot sizes.
  • the thin-line optical waveguides 233 and 234 branched at the input end near the converter 241 and connected to the output side of the line defect waveguide are joined immediately before the spot size converter 242.
  • a micro heater 25 is provided in the vicinity of one of the line defect optical waveguides.
  • the light incident through the spot size converter 241 is branched in two directions by the thin-line optical waveguides 231 and 232 and is input to the line-defect optical waveguide made of a photonic crystal, respectively.
  • the light output from the two line defect optical waveguides is combined by the thin line optical waveguides 233 and 234 and output through the spot size change 242.
  • the temperature of the photonic crystal is changed by heating one of the line-defect optical waveguides with the microheater 25, and the effective refractive index of the line-defect optical waveguide is changed.
  • This change in refractive index makes it possible to change the phase difference of the output light from the two line-defect optical waveguide forces from 0 to ⁇ .
  • the output light of the line defect optical waveguide has the same light intensity as the input light, and when the phase difference is ⁇ , the output light of the line defect optical waveguide has a light intensity of zero.
  • an optical switch can be realized by forming two line-defect optical waveguides in a photonic crystal.
  • the above-described refractive index guide mode is used as the optical waveguide mode in the line defect optical waveguide! /.
  • the present embodiment it is possible to switch light in the TE-like mode and the TM-like mode by using the optical waveguide using the refractive index guide mode, which is a feature of the present invention. Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing the optical switch is improved.
  • the optical multiplexing / demultiplexing device includes two photonic crystals 321 and 322 arranged in parallel and forming a line defect optical waveguide, and an input / output side of the line defect waveguide, respectively. And thin wire optical waveguides 331 to 334 to be connected.
  • the thin optical waveguides 331 to 334 connected to the input / output side of the line defect waveguide respectively form a directional coupler by being partly arranged on the input side and the output side.
  • the distance between the cores of the thin optical waveguides 331 to 334 is about 0.2 m, and the length of the coupling site is 2 Set to about 5 ⁇ m. In this case, the complete coupling length is about 5 ⁇ m, and 3 dB couplers 341 and 342 are formed as directional couplers.
  • the light input from port 1 of the thin optical waveguide 331 is branched in two directions by the 3 dB force bra 341.
  • the branched light is reflected by the line defect optical waveguide, and further passes through the 3 dB force bra 341 to be multiplexed.
  • the output light is output as drop light from port 2 of the thin optical waveguide 332.
  • TE-like mode light and TM-like mode light can be multiplexed / demultiplexed by using an optical waveguide using the refractive index guide mode, which is a feature of the present invention.
  • the degree of freedom in designing an optical multiplexing / demultiplexing device is improved.
  • the photonic crystal 42 and the channel waveguide 43 are formed on the SOI substrate 41, and the line defect optical waveguide formed in the photonic crystal 42 is formed.
  • an optical fiber 44 is connected to the waveguide via a channel waveguide 43.
  • the direction of the electric field vector of the light incident on the line defect optical waveguide is indefinite.
  • the direction of the electric field vector of the light incident on the line-defect optical waveguide can be any direction (Ex) shown in (1), (2), and (3) of FIG.
  • a light beam having a line defect is generated without causing any propagation loss regardless of the direction of the electric field vector. Can propagate light.
  • FIG. 21 only the configuration of the light input side of the line defect optical waveguide formed in the photonic crystal 42 is shown, but this configuration is also possible in the configuration in which one optical fiber is connected to the output side of the line defect optical waveguide.
  • the electric field of light supplied to the fiber The direction of the vector can be set freely.
  • the optical waveguide made of the photonic crystal of the present invention is suitable for application to various optical devices including the optical waveguide.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

Un guide d'ondes optiques et un dispositif optique constitué d'un cristal photonique permettent d'utiliser deux modes de guide d'ondes optiques, qui sont perpendiculaires à la direction de propagation de la lumière, ce qui permet un degré de liberté en termes de motifs. La lumière se propage dans un guide d'ondes optiques constitué d'un cristal photonique utilisant un guide à indice de réfraction, qui est un mode de guide d'ondes optiques à une fréquence minimale dans une relation de dispersion avec le cristal photonique. En variante, la lumière se propage en utilisant un mode de guide d'ondes à défaut linéaire en tant que premier mode de guide d'ondes optiques parmi deux modes de guide d'ondes optiques, perpendiculaire à la direction de la lumière, et en utilisant le mode de guide d'indice de réfraction en tant que deuxième guide d'ondes optiques. En variante également, la lumière est propagée en utilisant un mode de guide à indice de réfraction qui est un mode de guide d'ondes optiques à une fréquence minimale dans une relation de dispersion avec le cristal photonique en tant que deux modes correspondants de guides d'ondes optiques, perpendiculaires à la direction de propagation de la lumière.
PCT/JP2006/300111 2005-01-06 2006-01-06 Guide d'ondes optiques, dispositif optique et dispositif de communication optique WO2006073194A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2006550911A JPWO2006073194A1 (ja) 2005-01-06 2006-01-06 光導波路、光デバイス及び光通信装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005-001882 2005-01-06
JP2005001882 2005-01-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006073194A1 true WO2006073194A1 (fr) 2006-07-13

Family

ID=36647671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2006/300111 WO2006073194A1 (fr) 2005-01-06 2006-01-06 Guide d'ondes optiques, dispositif optique et dispositif de communication optique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JPWO2006073194A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006073194A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010073708A1 (fr) * 2008-12-26 2010-07-01 日本電気株式会社 Filtre de longueur d'onde
JP2015162787A (ja) * 2014-02-27 2015-09-07 国立大学法人大阪大学 方向性結合器および合分波器デバイス
WO2023100343A1 (fr) * 2021-12-03 2023-06-08 富士通株式会社 Dispositif de guide d'ondes optique, dispositif d'opération quantique et procédé de fabrication de dispositif de guide d'ondes optique

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11218627A (ja) * 1998-02-02 1999-08-10 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> フォトニック結晶導波路およびその製造方法
JP2001281480A (ja) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-10 Nec Corp フォトニック結晶光導波路と方向性結合器
US20020150366A1 (en) * 2001-01-12 2002-10-17 Marko Loncar Methods for controlling positions of the guided modes of the photonic crystal waveguides
JP2002350657A (ja) * 2000-12-27 2002-12-04 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> フォトニック結晶導波路
JP2002365453A (ja) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-18 Nec Corp 導波路

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11218627A (ja) * 1998-02-02 1999-08-10 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> フォトニック結晶導波路およびその製造方法
JP2001281480A (ja) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-10 Nec Corp フォトニック結晶光導波路と方向性結合器
JP2002350657A (ja) * 2000-12-27 2002-12-04 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> フォトニック結晶導波路
US20020150366A1 (en) * 2001-01-12 2002-10-17 Marko Loncar Methods for controlling positions of the guided modes of the photonic crystal waveguides
JP2002365453A (ja) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-18 Nec Corp 導波路

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010073708A1 (fr) * 2008-12-26 2010-07-01 日本電気株式会社 Filtre de longueur d'onde
US8705920B2 (en) 2008-12-26 2014-04-22 Nec Corporation Wavelength filter
JP2015162787A (ja) * 2014-02-27 2015-09-07 国立大学法人大阪大学 方向性結合器および合分波器デバイス
WO2023100343A1 (fr) * 2021-12-03 2023-06-08 富士通株式会社 Dispositif de guide d'ondes optique, dispositif d'opération quantique et procédé de fabrication de dispositif de guide d'ondes optique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPWO2006073194A1 (ja) 2008-06-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6365855B2 (ja) 一連のベンドを備える導波路型偏光子のための装置および方法
US6728457B2 (en) Waveguides in two dimensional slab photonic crystals with noncircular holes
Niemi et al. Wavelength-division demultiplexing using photonic crystal waveguides
WO2014030575A1 (fr) Élément à guides d&#39;ondes optiques
JP6289401B2 (ja) スポットサイズ変換器
US7693384B2 (en) Waveguide structure
JPWO2008084584A1 (ja) 光導波路素子および偏光分離方法
JP2001281480A (ja) フォトニック結晶光導波路と方向性結合器
JP2007072433A (ja) 光集積素子及び光制御素子
Zhou et al. Hyperuniform disordered network polarizers
WO2014030578A1 (fr) Élément à guides d&#39;ondes optiques
WO2014030576A1 (fr) Élément à guides d&#39;ondes optiques
Dhingra et al. Ultralow loss and high extinction ratio TM-pass polarizer in silicon photonics
JP3800088B2 (ja) フォトニック結晶導波路
JP6798313B2 (ja) リブ型光導波路およびそれを用いた光合分波器
WO2006073194A1 (fr) Guide d&#39;ondes optiques, dispositif optique et dispositif de communication optique
Li et al. Hybrid plasmonic waveguide crossing based on the multimode interference effect
US20090285522A1 (en) Optical waveguide, optical device, and optical communication device
JP2004045709A (ja) 結合光導波路
Kabir et al. Anisotropic subwavelength grating perturbation enables zero crosstalk in a leaky mode
Sharkawy et al. Analysis and applications of photonic crystals coupled waveguide theory
JP2015191029A (ja) スポットサイズ変換器
Wei et al. Loss-induced high-density multi-mode integrated waveguides array
JP2009265123A (ja) 光波長フィルタ
JP6991259B2 (ja) 光導波路素子

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2006550911

Country of ref document: JP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 06702056

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1