WO2006061330A2 - Catalyseur permettant l'oxydation de particules contenant du carbone et dispositif pour purifier des melanges gazeux les contenant - Google Patents

Catalyseur permettant l'oxydation de particules contenant du carbone et dispositif pour purifier des melanges gazeux les contenant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006061330A2
WO2006061330A2 PCT/EP2005/056227 EP2005056227W WO2006061330A2 WO 2006061330 A2 WO2006061330 A2 WO 2006061330A2 EP 2005056227 W EP2005056227 W EP 2005056227W WO 2006061330 A2 WO2006061330 A2 WO 2006061330A2
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Prior art keywords
alloy
mixed compound
metals
catalyst according
content
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PCT/EP2005/056227
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2006061330A3 (fr
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Jörg Jockel
Wilhelm Maier
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Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Publication of WO2006061330A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006061330A3/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8986—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
    • B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/75—Cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
    • B01J23/8472—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
    • B01J23/882—Molybdenum and cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/8892—Manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/898—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with vanadium, tantalum, niobium or polonium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
    • B01J27/22—Carbides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/51—Spheres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0236—Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catalyst for the oxidation of carbonaceous particles, in particular of carbon black, and a device containing these and their use according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • Filter systems used. The challenge of optimizing such systems is primarily not in the filtration itself - many particulate filters allow a separation of more than 99 percent - but in the permanent and efficient use of the filter without clogging and without an associated excessive increase in flow resistance throughout the filter system.
  • Newer filter systems have instead of a porous ceramic body on a sintered metal-based filter element. These have the advantage that they show a much more homogeneous filtration behavior than conventional filter systems and can be used largely maintenance-free. Nevertheless, it can be used especially in long-term operation
  • the carbon deposited as carbon black must therefore preferably be removed oxidatively at regular intervals.
  • the direct oxidation of soot by oxygen takes place to a relevant extent only at temperatures above 600 0 C.
  • the temperature of exhaust gases of a Diesel engines are usually only 150 to 350 0 C.
  • the exhaust gas temperature must therefore be increased by motor or other types of regeneration measures. This results in increased fuel consumption, particularly in the case of engine measures, and can impair the service life of the internal combustion engine.
  • the corresponding filter systems are also damaged by the high temperatures. There is therefore the need to design filter systems so that the number of regeneration processes can be kept as low as possible.
  • Filter is improved in that in or on the surface of a catalyst is applied, which catalyzes the burning or the oxidation of the deposited soot.
  • the catalyst described may contain a variety of metallic components. The achieved in this way lowering the burning temperature of the deposited soot is not sufficient.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for the oxidation of carbon black, which ensures the oxidation of carbonaceous particles at the lowest possible temperatures.
  • This cobalt-containing catalyst lowers the temperature at which carbonaceous particles are oxidized to a significant extent or burn off so much that when using the same in an exhaust aftertreatment device, such as a soot filter, its regeneration in a gentle manner and avoiding the use of fuel additives can be done.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device is at least partially covered with the erf ⁇ ndungszelen catalyst on its side facing the exhaust gas to be treated.
  • the catalyst is designed as an alloy or mixed compound of cobalt with at least one other metal or semimetal.
  • the content of cobalt in the alloy or mixed compound is greater than 85 mol%.
  • a high content of cobalt in the catalyst leads to a particularly pronounced reduction in the oxidation temperature of carbonaceous particles.
  • an oxide, carbide or nitride of the cobalt and at least one further metal or semimetal is provided as mixed compound.
  • an alkali metal is used as a further metal in the alloy or mixed compound.
  • manganese, titanium, molybdenum or vanadium is chosen as the further metal in the alloy or mixed compound. In this way, highly active catalysts are obtained. This is a content of manganese, titanium, molybdenum or vanadium.
  • Molybdenum or vanadium in the alloy or mixed compound based on the total content of metals and semi-metals in the alloy or mixed compound between 2 and 9 mol% is particularly advantageous.
  • the catalytic effect can be further increased if the catalyst additionally contains platinum as another metal.
  • the catalyst additionally contains platinum as another metal.
  • a platinum content of 0.1 to 3% by volume, based on the total content of metals and semimetals in the alloy or mixed compound, is of particular advantage.
  • the catalyst can be advantageously integrated into a system for purifying gas mixtures, which in particular contain soot particles, for example in diesel particle filters.
  • soot particles for example in diesel particle filters.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a device in the form of a filter provided with a surface coating according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the catalyst according to the invention is designed as an alloy or mixed compound of cobalt with at least one further metal or semimetal, wherein the catalyst has a relatively high content of cobalt.
  • the content of cobalt in the alloy or mixed compound is more than 70 mol%, particularly more than 85 mol%, based on the total content of metals and semi-metals in the alloy or compound.
  • Catalyst can be a binary, ternary, quaternary or higher cobalt-containing substance. If the catalyst is designed as a mixed compound, it may, for example, contain an oxide, carbide or nitride of cobalt and at least one further metal or semimetal.
  • Another metal which may be present in the catalyst is an alkali metal, in particular cesium, rubidium or potassium. Its content in the alloy or mixed compound, based on the total content of metals and semimetals in the alloy or mixed compound, is preferably between 1 and 5 mol%, in particular between 2.5 and 4.0 mol%.
  • Such a catalyst containing cobalt and an alkali metal may also be known as ternary
  • Compound and then preferably contains one of the platinum metals rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver or gold, wherein the use of platinum is preferred.
  • a platinum content in the catalyst material of 0.1 to 3 mol%, in particular from 0.5 to 1.5 mol% based on the total content of metals and semi-metals in the alloy or mixed compound is preferred.
  • Cobalt and one of the elements containing manganese, molybdenum, titanium or vanadium is preferably carried out as a ternary compound and then additionally contains one of the platinum metals rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver or gold, wherein the use of platinum is preferred.
  • a platinum content in the catalyst material of 0.1 to 3 mol%, in particular from 0.5 to 1.5 mol% based on the total content of metals and semi-metals in the alloy or mixed compound is preferred.
  • a catalyst containing, in addition to cobalt, one of the elements manganese, molybdenum, titanium or vanadium and one of the Pt metals may also be in the form of a quaternary compound and contain as the fourth component one of the elements aluminum, silicon or germanium, the use of aluminum being preferred is.
  • the fourth component one of the elements aluminum, silicon or germanium, the use of aluminum being preferred is.
  • Component in the catalyst material of 0.1 to 3 mol%, in particular from 0.5 to 1.5 mol% based on the total content of metals and semi-metals in the alloy or mixed compound is preferred.
  • Anions the oxide, nitride or carbide ions are also not taken into account.
  • the preparation of the catalyst is preferably carried out by means of a sol-gel process, since, via sol-gel processes, metals are homogeneously distributed, for example as complexes, in oxide
  • Materials can be introduced. Furthermore, doping of the material by further catalytically active component in almost any amount can take place and high-quality ceramic optionally metal-oxide coatings can be produced, with which, for example, ceramic fibers can be coated.
  • ceramic optionally metal-oxide coatings can be produced, with which, for example, ceramic fibers can be coated.
  • soluble organometallic compounds such as, for example, alkoxides or alcoholates, often propionates, which form a gel by means of a condensation step with dehydration are used.
  • Co, Mn, Mo a metal hydroxide network.
  • This contains numerous metal hydroxide groups and is therefore hydrophilic and antistatic. When the temperature is raised, the metal hydroxide groups react with elimination of water to give metal oxide
  • fumed metal oxide or metal particles can be produced, which i.a. can be used as heterogeneous catalysts. They are characterized by very small, homogeneously distributed and non-agglomerated particles, narrow particle size distributions and a very variable degree of loading.
  • a further alternative representation can be carried out starting from metal salt solutions of nitrates, acetates, citrates or carbonates of the corresponding metals.
  • the solutions are dried and then calcined at temperatures> 600 0 C, the corresponding anions are thermally decomposed and formed the corresponding metal oxides.
  • the metal oxides formed can then be applied by printing processes to surfaces to be coated as a constituent of corresponding printing pastes.
  • the described embodiments of the catalyst show a significant reduction in the burnup temperature of carbonaceous particles such as carbon black.
  • DTA differential thermal analysis
  • the combustion temperature is understood to be the temperature at which soot in air or oxygen-containing gas mixtures oxidatively converts to combustion products such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide to an appreciable extent.
  • the catalyst described is suitable for use in systems which are exposed to carbonaceous particles.
  • These may be, for example, particle filters for cleaning combustion exhaust gases of motor vehicles, in particular with diesel engines, turbines or combustion processes in power plants.
  • the device for cleaning gas mixtures is preferably designed as a filter, as shown schematically in Figure 1.
  • the filter is integrated into a system in which a gas mixture charged with preferably soot-containing particles is conducted. This can be, for example, the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine. Alternatively, it is possible to arrange the filter in a bypass of the exhaust gas system.
  • the filter 10 depicted in FIG. 1 is preferably designed as a stainless steel or sintered metal filter and has a first side 11 facing the gas mixture to be cleaned and a second side 12 facing the cleaned gas mixture.
  • the laden with particles, in particular with soot gas mixture 13 is supplied to the filter 10 on the first side 11.
  • the filter 10 comprises a housing 16, in which the actual filter structure is integrated.
  • the filter structure comprises pockets 15, which are open at their end facing the first side 11 for access of the particle-laden gas mixture and are closed at their end facing the second side 12.
  • the pockets 15 are on their long sides preferably limited by walls 18, which are made porous so that they allow the passage of the gas mixture while retaining the particles contained in the gas mixture.
  • the gas mixture penetrating the walls 18 passes into second pockets 20, which are closed at their end facing the first side 11 and open at their end facing the second side 12, so that the gas mixture freed from particles can escape.
  • the housing 16 and the walls 18 are made of a metallic material such as a sintered metal or stainless steel. Furthermore, it is possible to make the housing 16 and the walls 18 of different materials.
  • Ceramic fibers consist, for example, of an aluminum oxide or of an aluminum silicate, if appropriate with the addition of zirconium dioxide.
  • Fibers have an average diameter of 3 to 10 .mu.m, in particular of 5 .mu.m, and an average length of 150 to 400 .mu.m, preferably 250 .mu.m. Such fibers are available, for example, from Saffil Ltd, Cheshire, WA8 ORY, UK.
  • Surface coating 22 takes place in such a way that the pore structure of the porous walls 18 is not bonded and the resulting fiber composite is distributed homogeneously on the walls 18. Furthermore, the individual fibers of the surface coating 22 are bonded to one another in such a way that no fibers can be released from the fiber composite even at high flow velocities of the gas mixture 13 to be cleaned. As sticky
  • Component are aluminum or aluminosilicates, which are initially present as liquid brine or colloidal solutions. These initially largely soluble or dispersed compounds form by a condensation step with elimination of water corresponding gels.
  • An advantage of this sol-gel process is that ceramic coatings can be easily produced.
  • the surface coating 22 in addition to the ceramic fibers additionally contains spherical particles. These serve as spacers for the ceramic fibers and allow the targeted adjustment of the porosity or the permeability of the layer 22.
  • the addition of spherical particles is the mechanical stabilization of the surface coating 22.
  • the spherical particles are preferably made of the same material as the ceramic fibers 26. Alternatively, it is possible to carry out the spherical particles of alumina, zirconia, titania or mixed oxides of transition metals.
  • the spherical particles preferably have a diameter of 5 to 50 microns.
  • a catalyst of the type according to the invention is preferably applied to the spherical particles or the ceramic fibers or to the wall 18.
  • the fibers and the spherical particles may contain the same or different catalytically active substances.
  • the application of the catalytically active substances to the fibers or spherical particles is preferably carried out before they are introduced to produce the layer 22 in a suspension. This allows the application of different catalytically active materials to the fibers 26 and the spherical particles 28.
  • the application can be carried out, for example, by impregnation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un catalyseur permettant l'oxydation de particules contenant du carbone, en particulier des particules de suie, ledit catalyseur comprenant un alliage ou un mélange de cobalt et d'au moins un matériau supplémentaire ou d'un métalloïde, la teneur en cobalt dans l'alliage ou le mélange, correspondant à la teneur globale en métaux et en métalloïdes dans l'alliage ou le mélange, étant supérieure à 70% en moles.
PCT/EP2005/056227 2004-12-07 2005-11-25 Catalyseur permettant l'oxydation de particules contenant du carbone et dispositif pour purifier des melanges gazeux les contenant WO2006061330A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004058780A DE102004058780A1 (de) 2004-12-07 2004-12-07 Katalysator zur Oxidation kohlenstoffhaltiger Partikel und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Gasgemischen diesen enthaltend
DE102004058780.9 2004-12-07

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WO2006061330A2 true WO2006061330A2 (fr) 2006-06-15
WO2006061330A3 WO2006061330A3 (fr) 2006-09-14

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FI121531B (fi) * 2007-07-23 2010-12-31 Ecocat Oy Katalyytti poiste- tai prosessikaasuissa olevien haitallisten hiilivetyjen poistamiseksi sekä menetelmä tällaisen katalyytin valmistamiseksi ja käyttämiseksi

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5320999A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-06-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Exhaust gas cleaner and method of cleaning exhaust gas
US5502019A (en) * 1994-07-15 1996-03-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Conversion of carbon monoxide using cobalt-based metal oxide catalysts
US5981608A (en) * 1995-06-16 1999-11-09 Shell Oil Company Catalyst and process for the preparation of hydrocarbons
WO2004058401A1 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-15 Conocophillips Company Masse catalytique resistant a l'usure et ses procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation
US20050049143A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-03 Asako Eguchi Exhaust gas treatment catalyst and exhaust gas treatment method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6078640A (ja) * 1983-10-04 1985-05-04 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd 排ガス浄化用触媒およびその製法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5320999A (en) * 1991-05-31 1994-06-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Riken Exhaust gas cleaner and method of cleaning exhaust gas
US5502019A (en) * 1994-07-15 1996-03-26 Philip Morris Incorporated Conversion of carbon monoxide using cobalt-based metal oxide catalysts
US5981608A (en) * 1995-06-16 1999-11-09 Shell Oil Company Catalyst and process for the preparation of hydrocarbons
WO2004058401A1 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-15 Conocophillips Company Masse catalytique resistant a l'usure et ses procedes de fabrication et d'utilisation
US20050049143A1 (en) * 2003-08-28 2005-03-03 Asako Eguchi Exhaust gas treatment catalyst and exhaust gas treatment method

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 198524 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class J01, AN 1985-144001 XP002385611 -& JP 60 078640 A (NIPPON SHOKUBAI KAGAKU KOGYO CO LTD) 4. Mai 1985 (1985-05-04) *
QUERINI C A ET AL: "Catalytic combustion of diesel soot on Co,K/MgO catalysts. Effect of the potassium loading on activity and stability" APPL CATAL B ENVIRON; APPLIED CATALYSIS B:ENVIRONMENTAL MAR 8 1999 ELSEVIER SCI B.V., AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, Bd. 20, Nr. 3, 8. M{rz 1999 (1999-03-08), Seiten 165-177, XP002368181 *

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WO2006061330A3 (fr) 2006-09-14

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