WO2006057269A1 - センサ装置およびセンサ付き転がり軸受装置 - Google Patents
センサ装置およびセンサ付き転がり軸受装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006057269A1 WO2006057269A1 PCT/JP2005/021521 JP2005021521W WO2006057269A1 WO 2006057269 A1 WO2006057269 A1 WO 2006057269A1 JP 2005021521 W JP2005021521 W JP 2005021521W WO 2006057269 A1 WO2006057269 A1 WO 2006057269A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- load
- contact area
- rolling element
- rolling
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
- F16C19/522—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to load on the bearing, e.g. bearings with load sensors or means to protect the bearing against overload
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
- F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0004—Force transducers adapted for mounting in a bore of the force receiving structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor device integrated with a rolling bearing and suitable for detecting various types of information on the rolling bearing and a rolling bearing device with a sensor.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-45370
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sensor device that has few restrictions on the material selection of the detected portion and that does not require additional addition to the detected portion, and a rolling bearing device with a sensor equipped with such a sensor device. It is to provide.
- the sensor device includes a movable body that contacts each other and a detected portion in which a contact area between the movable body and the detected body changes according to an external load, and a contact area of the detected portion attached to the fixed body. Correlation between contact area detection sensor to detect and external load and contact area It is characterized by having a processing means for obtaining an external load from the sensor output using the relationship.
- the contact area the "true contact area”, that is, the contact area between the convex parts when microscopically contacted surfaces with concavo-convex force S are used. It is preferable to do.
- the contact area between the movable body and the fixed body increases when the load in the direction perpendicular to the contact surface increases, and decreases when the load in the direction perpendicular to the contact surface decreases.
- the load applied to the detected part can be detected. Therefore, the relationship between the true contact area and the rolling element load is proportional.
- the movable body has a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a rod shape, a needle shape, a conical shape, a barrel shape, or other shapes that are easy to reflect changes in the contact area.
- the material of the movable body and the fixed body is usually a metal, but may be a solid.
- the electrical resistance of the detected part and thus the current flowing through the circuit including the detected part changes as the contact area increases and decreases. It can be used as a contact area detection sensor.
- the ultrasonic sensor since the echo detected by the ultrasonic sensor changes according to the change in the contact area, the ultrasonic sensor can also be used as the contact area detection sensor. According to the ultrasonic sensor, the change in the contact area can be obtained even when the non-detection part is not metal. In any case, it is possible to detect the load acting on the detected portion without reducing the restriction on the material selection of the detected portion and without performing additional processing on the detected portion.
- the movable body may be a rolling element of a rolling bearing
- the fixed body may be a fixed ring of the rolling bearing.
- the rolling bearing device with a sensor which can detect the load which acts on a bearing is obtained.
- a sensor-equipped rolling bearing device may be used as a sensor-equipped hub unit with a fixed wheel attached to the vehicle body and a rotating wheel attached to the wheel.
- any rolling bearing such as a deep groove ball bearing, an anguilla ball bearing, a roller bearing, a needle bearing, or a thrust bearing can be used, and a double row bearing is not limited to a single row bearing. It can also be applied to.
- the bearing material can be a magnetic material such as bearing steel. Of course, it may be a magnetic metal or a ceramic.
- the contact area between the fixed ring and the rolling element changes due to this load change. Since the relationship between the contact area and the load acting on the bearing can be found theoretically, the sensor output force can also be applied to the rolling bearing by obtaining the relationship between the contact area and the sensor output experimentally in advance. The acting load can be determined. Thus, the load acting on the rolling bearing can be obtained without processing the detected portion (the contact surface between the fixed ring and the rolling element).
- the processing means stores a theoretical expression that stores the theoretical expression indicating the relationship between the rolling element load and the contact area, and an experimental expression storage that stores an experimental expression that indicates the relationship between the sensor output and the contact area.
- a contact area calculation unit that obtains a contact area from the sensor output using an empirical formula and a rolling element load calculation unit that obtains a rolling element load using the contact area force theoretical formula.
- the contact area detection sensor is preferably an ultrasonic sensor that measures a change in the contact area with an ultrasonic echo.
- the ultrasonic sensor may of course be a normal one (single-vibrator ultrasonic sensor), but the ultrasonic sensor has a plurality of transducers arranged at a predetermined pitch (multi-ultrasound ultrasonic sensor). )Sometimes.
- An ultrasonic sensor may be attached to a fixed ring of a rolling bearing.
- the ultrasonic sensor is held by the housing or the like and Try to face the contact surface with the housing.
- the relationship between the rolling element load and the contact area can be obtained easily and accurately.
- the change in the contact area is obtained with an ultrasonic sensor, the relationship between the sensor output and the contact area is obtained. It can be obtained easily and accurately.
- the detection of the contact area by the ultrasonic sensor is excellent in that it is not limited to the case where the movable body and the fixed body are metal.
- the contact area detection sensor is provided at, for example, a total of four force points on the top, bottom, front, and rear of the rolling bearing. These four data forces are three-way component of the load acting on the rolling bearing (vertical direction) Load, longitudinal load, and lateral load).
- the sensors may be provided at four power points other than the above-described arrangement with equal distribution.
- the contact area detection sensor may be omitted by omitting either the top or the bottom, or three sensors may be arranged at an arbitrary distribution on the circumference. Also good. Also on the circumference It is not always necessary that the contact area detection sensors are arranged at equal positions in an arrangement of five or more contact area detection sensors. If only the absolute value of the load is to be obtained, the number of contact area detection sensors that require only one contact area detection sensor will be changed appropriately according to the number of required loads (including moments). The
- a rolling bearing device with a sensor includes a rolling bearing, a contact area detection sensor attached to the rolling bearing, an experimental formula storage unit, a theoretical formula storage unit, a contact area calculation unit, a rolling element load calculation unit, and And a processing means having a three-direction component force calculation unit.
- the contact area detection sensor is an ultrasonic sensor that measures changes in the contact area with ultrasonic echoes
- the theoretical formula storage unit stores a theoretical formula indicating the relationship between the rolling element load and the contact area.
- the empirical equation storage unit accumulates empirical equations indicating the relationship between the sensor output and the contact area. Then, in the contact area calculation unit, the sensor output is converted into the contact area, in the rolling element load calculation unit, the contact area is converted into the rolling element load, and in the three-way component force calculation unit, the rolling element load is 3 Converted to directional component (vertical load, longitudinal load, and lateral load).
- the contact area is obtained by using the relationship between the output and the contact area accumulated in the empirical formula calculation unit, and the contact area and the load of the theoretical formula are calculated.
- the load can be obtained from the sensor output.
- this “contact area” is different from the above “true contact area” and is an “apparent contact area”
- the area of the contact surface (ellipse) between the rolling element and the raceway groove of the outer ring Ti ab is determined by: a: the major radius of the contact ellipse and b: the minor radius of the contact ellipse is the principal curvature of the contact object p, p, p, p
- the sensor output and the contact area in this specification, "contact area” other than “(apparent) contact area” in the first method is "
- a third method is to directly calculate the rolling element load from the sensor output without involving the contact area. This method is more preferable in that it reduces the calculation man-hours by combining the relationship of the second method and obtaining the rolling element load directly from the sensor output (echo ratio).
- This rolling bearing device with a sensor may be used as a sensor-equipped hub unit for an automobile, with the fixed-side raceway member attached to the vehicle body side and the rotation-side raceway member attached to the wheel side.
- the three-way component force calculation method in this sensor-equipped rolling bearing device includes a step of emitting ultrasonic waves to the contact surface between the rolling element and the raceway groove of the contact area detection sensor force rolling bearing, and a contact area calculation unit.
- the calculation unit uses the relationship between the load accumulated in the theoretical equation storage unit and the contact area to convert the contact area obtained in the contact area calculation unit into rolling element load, and three-way component force
- the calculation unit includes a step of calculating a three-way component force using the rolling element load obtained by the rolling element load calculation unit.
- the rolling element load is obtained, for example, from an echo ratio obtained by the following equation.
- Echo ratio 100 X (HO—Hl) ZHO
- HO Echo intensity when rolling element is half pitch away from ultrasonic sensor
- HI Echo intensity when the rolling element is located directly below the ultrasonic sensor
- the formula for calculating the rolling element load may be the following temperature correction formula to reduce the temperature dependence.
- Echo ratio 100 X (HO— Hl) ZHOi
- the conventional definition of the echo ratio is HO as the denominator.
- this temperature correction formula introduces a newly introduced “reflected echo intensity when the rolling element at a given temperature (for example, room temperature) is separated from the ultrasonic sensor force by half a pitch. Is used as the denominator.
- the reflected echo intensity HO and HI in the ultrasonic sensor both depend on temperature, but (HO-HI) is almost independent of temperature. Therefore, according to this temperature compensation formula, by dividing (H 0- H 1), which does not depend on temperature, by HO, which depends on temperature, temperature dependence is high! The temperature dependence can be eliminated by taking advantage of the correlation between load and load.
- the configuration of the processing means of the sensor-equipped rolling bearing device can be simplified (reduction in the number of man-hours), and the sensor-equipped rolling bearing device is a rolling bearing.
- An ultrasonic sensor an empirical accumulation unit that accumulates the relationship between the echo ratio measured beforehand using the ultrasonic sensor and the rolling element load, an echo specific force rolling element load calculation unit that calculates the rolling element load, And a processing means having a three-direction component force calculation unit based on the rolling element load.
- a rolling bearing device with a sensor is a rolling bearing device with a sensor provided with a rolling bearing having a fixed side race member, a rotary side race member and a rolling element, and a sensor device.
- the device is installed at at least two force points at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the fixed-side track member and detects the rolling element load (the force acting between the rolling element and the fixed-side track member) as an echo ratio.
- the rolling element load the force acting between the rolling element and the fixed-side track member
- the ultrasonic sensor has, for example, a cylindrical case having a threaded portion formed on the outer periphery and a vibrator disposed in the case, and has a bottomed bottom provided on the fixed-side track member. It is preferable that a predetermined preload is set at the tip of the case by screwing the male screw portion of the case into the female screw portion.
- the intensity of the reflected echo obtained with an ultrasonic sensor varies depending on the sensor mounting method, mounting surface roughness, contact medium difference, and sensor pressing force.By changing the screwing amount of the male thread, The echo intensity at a predetermined location can be set to a predetermined value, thereby improving the load detection accuracy.
- the ultrasonic sensor can be attached by various methods capable of setting the echo intensity to a predetermined value.
- the ultrasonic sensor has a cylindrical case having a flange portion for attaching to the fixed-side track member. And a vibrator arranged in the case, and the bolt through hole provided in the flange is inserted into the bottomed female screw provided in the fixed race member.
- a predetermined preload may be set at the case tip.
- a nut (for preventing rotation of the case) is screwed onto the proximal end portion of the male thread portion of the case of the ultrasonic sensor, and between the nut and the fixed-side track member, More preferably, an O-ring that prevents water from entering is interposed. In this way, like a hub unit for automobiles, the vibration is large and water from the outside easily enters, and the performance can be maintained even if installed in a place.
- the echo ratio (or echo intensity) is not only dependent on the bearing load, but at a position relative to the rolling element sensor. Therefore, even if the bearing load is the same, the echo ratio changes depending on the position of the rolling elements.
- the rotational speed at which the bearing load changes drastically is fast, there is no problem with the detection accuracy of the rolling element load even with a single vibrator ultrasonic sensor, but when the rotational speed at which the bearing load changes rapidly is slow, simple vibration In the child ultrasonic sensor, there may be a problem in detecting the rolling element load. Since the limit load fluctuation frequency that can be detected increases in proportion to the number of vibrators, the use of a multi-vibrator is effective when the bearing load fluctuates rapidly and the rotation speed is slow. Accurate detection even for severe dynamic loads Can do.
- the multi-vibrator ultrasonic sensor has, for example, a cylindrical case having a threaded portion formed on the outer periphery thereof and a plurality of transducers arranged in the case, A predetermined preload is set at the tip of the case by screwing the male thread of the case into the bottomed female screw provided on the part.
- a plurality of transducers may be arranged at an equal pitch along the circumferential direction of a circle concentric with the rolling bearing.
- a signal pulse number signal
- the interval between adjacent transducers may be shifted by a fixed increment.
- the rolling bearing is an automobile hub unit
- the following formula (1) is provided in the processing means as a formula for obtaining a load to be applied to the rolling bearing from the rolling element load.
- the 6 component force of the load can be obtained with high accuracy.
- various measures can be taken in consideration of the cost increase accompanying the increase in the number of sensors.
- the following processing means can be configured by taking into account the equations that hold for the wheels.
- the number of sensors is two, and the processing means uses the appropriate two formulas of formula (1) and formula (2) below, and the vertical component and the right and left components of the load acting on the rolling bearing. The direction component is determined.
- the number of sensors is four, and the processing means obtains six component forces acting on the rolling bearing from the appropriate four expressions of expression (1), expression (2), and expression (3) below. It is supposed to be requested.
- k echo ratio due to hub unit preload
- 1, m, n coefficient independent of external force
- FX, Fy, Fz longitudinal (X-axis) direction component, left-right (y-axis) direction component and vertical ( z-axis) direction component
- Mx, My Mz: x-axis, y-axis, moment around z-axis
- jl to j8 echo ratio at each sensor position
- r wheel rolling radius
- e Fz in y- axis direction Deviation of the center of operation and hub unit center.
- the movable body that contacts each other and the detected area in which the contact area between the movable body and the stationary body changes depending on the external load, and the contact area of the detected section that is attached to the fixed body For example, when detecting a load acting on a rolling bearing, a contact area detection sensor for detecting the load and a processing means for obtaining the external load from the sensor output using the correlation between the external load and the contact area are provided. Further, there are few restrictions on the material selection of the detected part, and it is also possible to eliminate the need for additional processing on the detected part.
- the three-way component force acting on the rolling bearing can be calculated such that there are few restrictions on the material selection of the rolling bearing and no additional processing is required. it can. Therefore, when this is applied to a sensor-equipped hub unit of an automobile, the three-way component force of the tire ground contact load can be obtained, which can contribute to improvement in vehicle control accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of a sensor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of processing means of the sensor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship (theoretical formula) between rolling element load and contact area.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship (empirical formula) between the contact area and the echo ratio of the ultrasonic sensor.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a method of calculating a three-way component force in a rolling bearing device with a sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of a rolling bearing device with a sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of the same.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of FIG. 6 showing the structure for attaching an ultrasonic sensor.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an echo waveform obtained by an ultrasonic sensor.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between echo amplitude and mounting surface roughness obtained by an ultrasonic sensor.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the echo ratio obtained by the ultrasonic sensor and the rolling element load.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing processing means of the sensor-equipped rolling bearing device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining another embodiment of the three-way component force calculation method in the sensor-equipped rolling bearing device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG. 8, showing another embodiment of an ultrasonic sensor mounting structure.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second embodiment of the rolling bearing device with sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the main part of FIG. 15, showing the structure for attaching the ultrasonic sensor.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a third embodiment of the rolling bearing device with sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between the rotation speed and the echo ratio.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a relationship between pulses obtained by each ultrasonic sensor and pulses obtained by all ultrasonic sensor forces.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing the detection limit frequency for a single transducer ultrasonic sensor and a multi-vibrator ultrasonic sensor.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a rolling bearing device with a sensor provided with the sensor device of the present invention.
- left and right and top and bottom refer to left and right and top and bottom of the figure.
- the sensor-equipped rolling bearing device includes a rolling bearing (1), a contact area detection sensor (2) attached to the rolling bearing (1), and a contact area detection. It is equipped with processing means for processing the output of sensor (2) (not shown in Fig. 1; see Fig. 2).
- the rolling bearing (1) includes an outer ring (fixed body) (3), an inner ring (4), a plurality of rolling elements (movable bodies) (5) disposed therebetween, and a cage (6). It has. Although not shown, the outer ring (3) is fixed to a housing or the like, and the rotating shaft or the like is fixed to the inner ring (4). The outer ring (3) and the housing may be integrated.
- the contact area detection sensor (2) is an ultrasonic sensor that obtains an echo of an ultrasonic wave by receiving a reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave output from the vibrator at a receiving unit.
- the ultrasonic sensor (2) has a cylindrical case (7) having a threaded portion formed on the outer periphery and a vibrator (not shown) disposed in the case, and includes a rolling element (5) and an outer ring.
- the contact surface with the raceway groove in (3) (Detected part) (D) faces from the direction perpendicular to it.
- the outer ring (3) is provided with a bottomed female thread, and the amount of screwing of the male thread of the case (7) can be adjusted.
- a nut (8) for locking the case (7) is screwed onto the male thread of the case (7), and an O-ring (9) is provided between the nut (8) and the outer ring (3). ) Is interposed.
- the output of the ultrasonic sensor is obtained as an echo ratio shown below.
- Echo ratio 100 X (HO—Hl) ZHO HO: Reflected echo intensity when the rolling element is half a pitch away from the ultrasonic sensor H 1: Reflected echo intensity when the rolling element is located directly under the ultrasonic sensor
- the ultrasonic sensor (contact area detection sensor) (2) is provided not only on the top of the outer ring and the bottom of the outer ring, but also on the front of the outer ring and the rear of the outer ring. Therefore, the three-way component of the load acting on the rolling bearing (1) (vertical load, longitudinal load and lateral load) is required.
- the processing means (10) includes an empirical equation storage unit (11) for storing an empirical equation indicating the relationship between the output (echo ratio) of the ultrasonic sensor (2) and the contact area, Theoretical equation storage unit (12) that stores the theoretical formula indicating the relationship between the rolling element load and the contact area, and the contact area calculation unit (13) that calculates the contact area using the output force experimental formula of the ultrasonic sensor (2)
- the rolling element load calculation unit (14) for calculating the rolling element load (the rolling element load at each sensor position) using the theoretical formula from this contact area, and the rolling element load obtained from each ultrasonic sensor (2) It has a three-way component calculation unit (15) that calculates the three-way component force (vertical load, front-rear load, left-right load) that acts on the rolling bearing (1).
- the contact area between the rolling element (5) and the raceway groove of the outer ring (3) changes, and the output of the ultrasonic sensor (2) changes.
- the output Pi of the ultrasonic sensor (2) is converted into the area Si by using the relationship between the output and the area stored in the empirical equation storage section (11) in the contact area calculation section (13).
- the contact area Si is converted into a load Li using the relationship between the load and the area accumulated in the theoretical equation accumulating section (12).
- the three-way component force calculation unit (15) obtains the three-way component force using the plurality of rolling element loads Li obtained from the respective ultrasonic sensors (2).
- the calculation formula for the three-way component force is obtained in advance by experiments.
- Figure 4 shows the relationship between the contact area and the echo ratio when using the ultrasonic measurement method using the ultrasonic sensor (2).
- Y ax
- y echo ratio
- X contact area
- a regression coefficient.
- the relationship between the output (echo ratio) of the ultrasonic sensor (2) and the contact area obtained in this way is stored in the empirical equation accumulator (11).
- the force that can make the relation between the echo ratio and the contact area a straight line is not limited to a straight line.
- Fig. 5 shows the three-way distribution of the rolling bearing load (for example, the tire ground load applied to the knob unit) as an example of the processing in the processing means (10) shown in Fig. 2 of the rolling bearing device with sensor. It is a flowchart which shows a force calculation method. Next, an example of processing is shown with reference to this flowchart.
- the rolling bearing load for example, the tire ground load applied to the knob unit
- step S 1 when obtaining the three-way component force of the rolling bearing load, first the contact surface between the rolling element (5) of the rolling bearing (1) and the raceway groove (D ) Is emitted (step S 1), and then, in the contact area calculation unit (13) of the processing means (10), the output accumulated in the empirical equation storage unit (11) is compared with the contact area. Using the relationship, the ultrasonic output from the contact surface (D) between the rolling element (5) and the raceway groove is converted to the contact area (step S2), and then in the rolling element load calculation unit (14) Using the relationship between the load accumulated in the theoretical equation storage unit (12) and the contact area, the contact area obtained in the contact area calculation unit (13) is converted into rolling element load.
- the three-way component force of the rolling bearing (1) is calculated using the rolling element load obtained in the rolling element load calculation unit (14). Calculated (step S4).
- the rolling radius of the wheel it is possible to obtain moments in three directions (moments about the upper and lower axes, moments about the front and rear axes, and moments about the left and right axes) from the three-way component force.
- the calculation of the three-way component force can be performed in steps shown in Fig. 13 by obtaining the rolling element load from the sensor output (echo ratio) in advance. That is, the ultrasonic sensor (Sti) (Sbi) (St oXSbo) force is also emitted to the contact surface (D) between the rolling element (5) of the rolling bearing (1) and the raceway groove (Step S1).
- the rolling element load calculation unit (14) of the processing means (10) performs an echo that has been measured in advance.
- the rolling element load is calculated using the relationship between the ratio and the rolling element load (step 3), and the three-way component calculation unit (15) of the processing means (10) calculates the six-way component force (3 Directional load and 3-way moment) are calculated (step 4).
- the three-way or six-way component force can be calculated directly from the sensor output (echo ratio), reducing the number of calculation steps. it can.
- the sensor device is provided on the ball bearing and used as a rolling S-slide bearing device with a sensor.
- the sensor device according to the present invention is other than a rolling bearing. It can also be used in combination with rolling bearings, and of course, it can also be used in rolling hubs other than ball bearings, which are application examples of rolling bearing devices.
- the ultrasonic sensor may be a single vibrator or a multi-vibrator.
- the rolling bearing device with a sensor shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 is used as a hub unit with a sensor for a vehicle, and also has a force for a hub unit (21) for a vehicle and a sensor device (22).
- the left and right refer to the left and right in FIG. The left is inside the vehicle and the right is outside the vehicle.
- the hub unit (21) is arranged in two rows between a stationary race member (23) fixed to the vehicle body side, a rotary race member (24) to which wheels are attached, and both members (23X24). Multiple rolling elements ) (25), and a cage (26) for holding each row of rolling elements (25).
- the fixed-side raceway member (23) has a bearing outer ring (fixed ring) function, and includes a cylindrical portion (31) in which two rows of outer ring raceways are formed on the inner peripheral surface, and a cylinder And a flange portion (32) provided near the left end of the portion (31) and attached to the suspension device (vehicle body side portion) with a bolt.
- the rotation-side raceway member (24) includes a large-diameter portion (34) having a first raceway groove (34a) and a small-diameter portion having an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the first raceway groove (34a) ( 35), and the inner shaft (33) and the small diameter portion (35) of the inner shaft (33) are fastened to the outer diameter, and the right surface is in close contact with the large diameter portion (34) of the inner shaft (33). It consists of the inner ring (36). Near the right end of the inner shaft (33) is provided a flange portion (37) to which a plurality of bolts (38) for mounting a wheel are fixed.
- a raceway groove (36a) is formed on the right side of the inner ring (36) so as to be parallel to the raceway groove (34a) of the inner shaft (33).
- a seal device (39) is provided between the right end portion of the fixed-side track member (23) and the inner shaft (33).
- a male thread portion is provided at the left end of the small diameter portion (35) of the inner shaft (33), and the inner ring (36) is connected to the inner shaft (33 by a nut (40) screwed to the male thread portion. ).
- a cover (41) is covered with the left end of the fixed race member (23).
- the sensor device (22) is a multi-vibrator ultrasonic sensor (StiXSbi) that detects a force (rolling element load) acting between the fixed-side raceway member (23) and the rolling elements (25) in the inner row. And ultrasonic sensors (StoXSbo) for detecting the rolling element load of the rolling elements (25) in the outer row, and processing means (see FIG. 12) for processing the outputs of these ultrasonic sensors (StiXSbiXStoX Sbo). Yes.
- StiXSbi multi-vibrator ultrasonic sensor
- the number and arrangement of ultrasonic sensors are not limited to this.
- the ultrasonic sensor (Sti) (Sto) (Sbi) (Sbo) has a cylindrical shape with a threaded part (51a) formed on the outer periphery as shown in Fig. 8 (shown inside the top).
- Case (51) and a vibrator (52) disposed in the case (51), and perpendicular to the contact surface between the ball (5) and the raceway groove (3a) of the stationary raceway member (3). From the direction of The fixed-side raceway member (3) is provided with a bottomed female thread portion (3b) so that the screwing amount of the male thread portion (51a) of the case (51) can be adjusted.
- a rubber cushion sheet (53) for protecting the tip of the ultrasonic sensor (Sti) is interposed between the tip of the case (51) and the bottom of the female screw (3b).
- a nut (54) for preventing rotation of the case (51) is screwed onto the proximal end portion of the male thread portion (51a) of the case (51).
- an O-ring (55) that prevents water from entering the female threaded portion (3b) is interposed.
- the ultrasonic sensor (StiXStoXSbiXSbo) obtains the reflected echo as shown in Fig. 9 by receiving the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave output from the transducer at the receiving unit.
- the output is as follows. It is obtained as the echo ratio shown.
- Echo ratio 100 X (H0—H1) ZH0
- This echo ratio has the relationship shown in FIG. 11 with the rolling element load, and by using this, the rolling element load can be obtained from the echo ratio. If the load acting on the rolling element (25) is large, the contact area becomes large and the reflected wave becomes small. Therefore, when the rolling element load is large, a large echo ratio is output.
- the echo ratio may be obtained as follows in order to eliminate the temperature dependence.
- Echo ratio 100 X (H0— Hl) ZH0i
- the ground load applied to the tire varies with changes in the speed and posture of the traveling vehicle, and the rolling element load varies according to the tire ground load variation.
- the degree of influence on the sensor varies depending on the components of longitudinal load, lateral load, and vertical load acting on the tire.
- the corresponding echo ratio, rolling element load when left and right load is strong, and this
- the ultrasonic ratio (Sti) (Sto) (Sbi) (Sbo) can be obtained by obtaining the echo ratio corresponding to, the rolling element load when the vertical load is strong, and the corresponding echo ratio.
- the three-way component force of the tire contact load can be obtained from the echo ratio.
- the processing means of the sensor device (2) includes an echo ratio equation, each ultrasonic sensor (Sti) (Sto) (Sbi) (Sbo) force, and the obtained echo ratio force also determines the rolling element load at the sensor position.
- the equations to be obtained and the equations for obtaining the vertical component, longitudinal component and lateral component of the tire ground contact load from these rolling element loads are stored.
- the ultrasonic sensor (StiXStoXSbiXSbo) is installed at a total of 8 force points inside and outside the top, bottom, front and rear of the fixed-side track member (3), so that the three-way component force can be obtained accurately.
- the moment about the longitudinal axis and the moment about the vertical axis can be obtained.
- the echo intensity (echo amplitude) obtained by the ultrasonic sensors (Sti), (Sto), (Sbi), and (Sbo) varies greatly depending on the sensor mounting method, the mounting surface roughness, and the contact medium.
- Fig. 10 shows the relationship between the mounting surface roughness and the echo amplitude. From this graph, it can be seen that the echo amplitude decreases as the mounting surface becomes rough. The intensity of the echo also changes depending on the pressing force of the sensor. For this reason, the relationship between the echo ratio and the rolling element load varies for each ultrasonic sensor (StiXStoXSbi) (Sbo), and there is a possibility that the accuracy of tire ground contact load detection is lowered.
- the pressing force of the sensor (Sti) can be changed by changing the screwing amount of the male thread (31a) of the case (31). Therefore, by finely adjusting the screwing amount while observing the echo waveform shown in FIG. 9, the echo intensity H0 can be changed and set to a predetermined value.
- variations in the relationship between the echo ratio and the rolling element load for each of the ultrasonic sensors (St i) (Sto) (Sbi) (Sbo) can be suppressed, and the accuracy of tire contact load detection can be improved.
- the number of force sensors in which the total number of sensors is eight is not limited to this. As the number of sensors increases, the cost increases accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to consider obtaining as useful data as possible by reducing the number of sensors. Less than Figure 2 shows the load detection method using a small number of sensors (when two sensors obtain load components in two directions and four sensors obtain three load components) (see Figure 12).
- the left-right direction component Fy and the up-down direction component Fz can be obtained by using fl and f3 of equation (1) and equation (2). That is, by setting fl + f3, Fy is obtained, and by setting fl f3, a linear expression including Fz and Mx is obtained, and Fy in expression (2) is obtained. By substituting, Eq. (2) also becomes a linear expression including Fz and Mx, and Fz and Mx can be obtained by combining these two linear expressions.
- Mx is obtained by setting fl + f7, and linear expressions of Fy and Fz are obtained by setting fl f7.
- Mx, Fy and Fz can be obtained.
- f2 ⁇ f8 the linear expressions of Fy and Fx can be obtained, and the remaining Fx can be obtained by substituting the already obtained Fy into this linear expression. If Fx is obtained, Mx is also obtained.
- Mz can be obtained by setting f2 + f8.
- force using fl, f2, f7, and f8 can be used other than this combination (for example, fl, f2, f3, and f6).
- k is the echo ratio due to the preload of the knob unit
- 1, m and n are coefficients that do not depend on external force
- Fx, Fy, and Fz are the front and rear (X-axis) direction components and left and right ( y-axis) direction component and vertical (z-axis) direction component
- Mx, My, Mz are x-axis and y-axis, respectively
- Jl ⁇ j8 is the echo ratio that can also obtain the output force of the ultrasonic sensor (Sti) (Sto) (Sbi) (Sbo) (jl is the output of the sensor (Sti) inside the top
- J2 is due to the output of the sensor inside the rear
- j3 is due to the output of the sensor inside the bottom (Sbi)
- j4 is due to the output of the sensor inside the front
- j5 is the sensor outside the
- 6 component forces can be obtained by using 4 formulas from jl to j8.
- 6 components are calculated as follows.
- Step 1 Find the left-right component Fy.
- Two appropriate equations (here, jl and j3) are selected from equation (4), and are calculated by eliminating Fz and Mx by adding or subtracting (here, adding) the two equations.
- Fy is obtained by the following equation.
- Step 2 Calculate the vertical component Fz. Obtained by eliminating Fy from two of the equations (4)
- Fz is obtained from the linear equation of Fz and Mx obtained and the linear equation of Fz and Mx obtained by substituting Fy into equation (5).
- Fz is obtained by the following equation.
- Fz ⁇ (1-nr) j 1-(1 + nr) j 3 + 2knr ⁇ / 21 (m + ne)
- Step 3 Find the moment about the x-axis (moment about the direction of travel) Mx. Using Fy obtained in step 1 and Fz obtained in step 2, find Mx. Mx is obtained by the following equation.
- Step 4 Find the front-rear direction component Fx.
- Two appropriate equations (here, j23 ⁇ 46) are selected from Equation (4), and are calculated by eliminating Fx and Mz by adding or subtracting (here, adding) the two equations.
- Fx is obtained by the following equation.
- Step 5 Find the moment about the y-axis (wheel rotation torque) My. Find My using Fx from step 4. My is obtained by the following equation.
- Step 6 Find the moment Mz around the z axis (vertical direction). Select two appropriate expressions (here, jl and j3) from equation (4), add or subtract (here, subtract) the two expressions, eliminate Fy, and change the linear expression of Fx and Mz to Then, select two appropriate expressions (here j 2 and j6) from Expression (4), and add or subtract (subtract here) the two expressions to eliminate Fy, Find a linear expression. Mz is obtained by erasing Fx from two linear equations. Mz is calculated by the following equation.
- Mz ⁇ -jl + j2-j3-j6 + 2k ⁇ / 2n
- the ultrasonic sensor (Sti) includes a cylindrical case (61) provided with a flange portion (61a) to be attached to the fixed-side track member (3), and a vibration disposed in the case (61).
- a plurality of internal thread portions (3c) are provided on the portion to which the flange portion (61a) of the fixed side raceway member (3) is applied, and the flange portion (61a)
- the bolt (63) through which the bolt through hole provided on the screw is threaded is screwed onto the female thread (3c).
- a sensor (StiXStoXSbiXSbo) is attached to the fixed-side track member (3).
- the configuration of the hub unit can be changed to eliminate the strength reduction accompanying the sensor installation.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 6 to 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the number and arrangement of the ultrasonic sensors are not limited to this.
- the fixed-side track member (23) is provided with a sensor installation protrusion (42) having an isosceles right triangle shape in cross section so that the right angle portion comes to the tip of the protrusion (42).
- An ultrasonic sensor (StiXSto) is attached to each of two surfaces sandwiching the right angle portion of the projecting portion (42). Since this mounting structure is the same as that shown in FIG. 8 in an enlarged manner, the same components as those in FIG. Of course, the configuration shown in FIG. 14 may be used instead of the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 8, or other configurations may be used.
- the sensor installation location is reinforced by the projecting portion (42), so that strength reduction due to sensor installation is prevented.
- the projecting part (42) is continuous in the circumferential direction even if it is provided only at the sensor installation position (the uppermost part, the lowermost part and the upper and lower intermediate parts of the fixed-side track member (23)) (the cross-sectional shape is constant). It is not limited to).
- the ultrasonic sensor (2) (Sti) (Sbi) (Sto) (Sbo) in the above an ordinary single vibrator is used. Instead of this single-vibrator ultrasonic sensor, as shown in FIG. 17, there are a total of 10 multi-vibrator ultrasonic sensors (50) (each ultrasonic sensor (StiXSbiXStoXSbo) is generically referred to by reference numeral (50)). Are arranged in the case (50a) so that they are arranged at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction of a circle concentric with the PCD of the rolling element (25). ) Can output an ultrasonic wave and receive the reflected wave at the receiving unit, and the reflected echo can be obtained.
- Each transducer (50b) from 1 to 10 is arranged at intervals of pZlO, where p is the pitch of the rolling element (25). [0111]
- the output of each transducer (50b) from 1 to 10 is obtained as the above echo ratio.
- the relationship between the echo ratio and the rolling element load has the relationship shown in FIG. 11 as in the case of the single vibrator. By using this, the echo specific force can also determine the rolling element load.
- the echo ratio has the relationship shown in FIG. 18 with the rotational speed, and the rotational speed can be obtained by measuring the number of pulses of the echo ratio within a certain time.
- each of the vibrators (50b) from 1 to 10 detects one pulse at a time, and as a whole, the transducer is 10 times larger than a single ultrasonic sensor.
- the number of pulses (composite pulse signal) is obtained. Note that the absolute value of the echo ratio is not affected by changes in the rotational speed.
- the sensor (2) (2) (2) (5) (25) is not only the echo ratio depends on the bearing load. It also depends on the position for 50). Therefore, even if the bearing load is the same, the echo ratio changes depending on the position of the rolling elements (5) and (25).
- the rotational speed at which the bearing load changes rapidly is high, there is no problem with the detection accuracy of the rolling element load even with the single-vibrator ultrasonic sensor (2), but when the rotational speed is low at which the bearing load changes rapidly. In the case of a single-vibrator ultrasonic sensor (2), there may be a problem in detecting the rolling element load.
- the limit load fluctuation frequency that can be detected is simply expressed as inner ring rotation speed (1Z sec) X number of vibrators X number of rolling elements Z2, and increases in proportion to the number of vibrators, so the number of rolling elements is nine.
- the load fluctuation frequency that can be detected is as shown in Fig. 20. Therefore, when the rotational speed is slow and the bearing load fluctuates rapidly, it is effective to use the multi-vibrator (50b) ultrasonic sensor (50) as shown in Fig. 17. It is possible to accurately detect even a mechanical load.
- the processing means of the sensor device (2) is composed of a pulse number counting unit that counts the number of pulses of each vibrator (50b) from 1 to 10, a revolution speed calculation unit, and a rotation speed conversion unit.
- the rotation speed calculation unit By providing a rotation speed calculation unit that obtains the rotation speed using the obtained pulse number, in the pulse number counting unit, Each time the echo ratio exceeds a predetermined threshold, the number of times (number of pulses) is counted, and the rotation speed calculation unit can use this number of pulses to obtain the rotation speed.
- the rolling element revolution speed required to obtain the rotational speed is a function of the circumferential length of the rolling element pitch or P.C.D., the number of pulses and time.
- the arrangement of the vibrator (50b) is shifted by pZlO corresponding to the pitch p of the rolling element (25). Therefore, in the revolution speed calculation unit, each of 1 to 10 arranged in the circumferential direction is arranged.
- the number of pulses from the oscillator (50b) is used to determine the revolution speed of the rolling element (25).
- the rotation speed conversion unit converts the revolution speed into the rotation speed based on a well-known formula.
- all oscillators (1) to 10 (50b) force can be used to obtain the rotational speed that changes with time using the number of pulses obtained.
- the rotational speed of the rotation side raceway member (24) can be obtained by the ultrasonic sensor (50) for obtaining the three-way component force, and the pulsar ring is provided on the rotation side raceway member (24). Rotation information can be obtained.
- the sensor device of the present invention when detecting the load acting on the rolling bearing, there are fewer restrictions on the material selection of the detected part, and no additional processing is required on the detected part. In addition, when this is applied to a hub unit with a sensor of an automobile, the three-way component force of the tire contact load can be obtained, which contributes to improvement of vehicle control accuracy.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05809605A EP1816458B1 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Sensor device and rolling bearing with sensor |
US11/720,132 US7854169B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Sensor device and rolling bearing with sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP2004-338586 | 2004-11-24 | ||
JP2004338577 | 2004-11-24 | ||
JP2004338586 | 2004-11-24 | ||
JP2004-338577 | 2004-11-24 |
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WO2006057269A1 true WO2006057269A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
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PCT/JP2005/021521 WO2006057269A1 (ja) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | センサ装置およびセンサ付き転がり軸受装置 |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US7854169B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1816458B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006057269A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006292027A (ja) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-26 | Jtekt Corp | センサ付き転がり軸受装置 |
CN114026342A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-02-08 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 用于确定负载的滚子轴承组件 |
Families Citing this family (8)
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JP2006258711A (ja) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-28 | Ntn Corp | センサ付車輪用軸受 |
FR2929674B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-03 | 2010-09-10 | Snr Roulements Sa | Palier a roulememnt comprenant au moins une zone instrumentee en deformation qui est orientee. |
US8695405B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-04-15 | Bestsens Ag | Bearing, arrangement for determining properties of a lubricant in a bearing and method for determining properties of a lubricant in a bearing |
US8876393B2 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2014-11-04 | Safran Power Uk Ltd. | Bearing enclosure with integrated wear detection |
WO2013057273A1 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Method and device for determining the load onto a roller bearing |
WO2014154258A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Bearing including sensor unit |
CN106769039B (zh) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-11-08 | 西安交通大学 | 一种适用于滚动轴承旋转部件监测的安装组件 |
CN114354190B (zh) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-05-14 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | 一种电机轴承随机动载荷测试装置及测试方法 |
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- 2005-11-24 US US11/720,132 patent/US7854169B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-24 EP EP05809605A patent/EP1816458B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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CN114026342A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-02-08 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 用于确定负载的滚子轴承组件 |
US12049920B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2024-07-30 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Roller bearing assembly for determining loads |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20080037920A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
EP1816458B1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
EP1816458A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
EP1816458A4 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
US7854169B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
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