WO2006054580A1 - CdTe系化合物半導体単結晶 - Google Patents
CdTe系化合物半導体単結晶 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006054580A1 WO2006054580A1 PCT/JP2005/021010 JP2005021010W WO2006054580A1 WO 2006054580 A1 WO2006054580 A1 WO 2006054580A1 JP 2005021010 W JP2005021010 W JP 2005021010W WO 2006054580 A1 WO2006054580 A1 WO 2006054580A1
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 55
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 35
- 229910004611 CdZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 59
- 229910000661 Mercury cadmium telluride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MODGUXHMLLXODK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].CO Chemical compound [Br].CO MODGUXHMLLXODK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/46—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
- C30B29/48—AIIBVI compounds wherein A is Zn, Cd or Hg, and B is S, Se or Te
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/09—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1828—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe
- H01L31/1832—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe comprising ternary compounds, e.g. Hg Cd Te
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/813—Of specified inorganic semiconductor composition, e.g. periodic table group IV-VI compositions
- Y10S977/824—Group II-VI nonoxide compounds, e.g. CdxMnyTe
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a group VI-VI compound semiconductor single crystal, and more particularly to a CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystal useful as a substrate for an optical device such as an infrared sensor.
- CdTe compound semiconductor single crystals are composed of Group 13 (3B) elements such as A1 (aluminum), Ga (gallium), In (indium), F (fluorine), C1 (chlorine), Br ( Contains a small amount of Group 17 (7B) elements such as bromine) and 1 (iodine), Group 14 (4B) elements such as Ge (germanium) and Sn (tin), and transition metal elements such as V (vanadium) In addition, it has the property of exhibiting n-type conductivity when a sufficient amount of a Group 13 (3B) element or a Group 17 (7B) element is doped.
- Group 13 (3B) elements such as A1 (aluminum), Ga (gallium), In (indium), F (fluorine), C1 (chlorine), Br ( Contains a small amount of Group 17 (7B) elements such as bromine) and 1 (iodine)
- Group 14 (4B) elements such as Ge (germanium) and Sn (tin)
- transition metal elements
- the high-resistance CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal thus obtained is used as a substrate for photorefractive elements, electro-optic elements (EO elements), and radiation detection elements.
- EO elements electro-optic elements
- radiation detection elements when used in the above applications, it is known that the higher the resistance of the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal substrate, the better the device characteristics, and the resistivity is desired to be 1 ⁇ 10 8 Q cm or more. ing.
- the dopant Ga concentration is set to 5 ⁇ 10 16 to 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm 3 and other impurity atom concentrations are set.
- CdTe single crystal is disclosed in which the 7 X 10 1 4 cm 3 or less.
- In or V is used as a dopant, high concentration is required to increase the resistance, and crystallinity deteriorates. Therefore, Ga is used as a dopant. According to the powerful technology, a high resistivity of IX 10 8 ⁇ cm or more can be realized in a CdTe single crystal.
- Patent Document 2 in C1 concentration in the crystal is 0. 1 ⁇ 5.
- Oppmwt, CdTe single crystal is disclosed a resistivity of 1. OX 10 9 ⁇ cm at room temperature .
- CdTe compound semiconductor single crystals are widely used as substrates for infrared sensors in the vicinity of the 2 to 20 ⁇ m band.
- a pn junction diode in which p-type and n-type HgCdTe epitaxial layers are formed on a CdZnTe substrate is used.
- CdZnTe substrates high-quality p-type and n-type HgCdTe epitaxial layers are important, and substrates that do not adversely affect the epitaxial layer are more important than the electrical characteristics of the substrate. Yes.
- impurities in the substrate may diffuse into the epitaxial layer and adversely affect the pn characteristics. For this reason, a technique for doping a small amount of impurities used to form a high resistance substrate for a radiation detector as described above is desired.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-5-70298
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-228299
- the substrate for an optical device is in terms of ohmic properties with an electrode as in the case of an optical device using GaAs or ⁇ , which is a III-V compound semiconductor single crystal.
- Low resistance is more advantageous, and is considered important in terms of increasing device productivity in the future.
- CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystals have the property of easily having low resistance when the first (1A) group element such as Li or Na is contained in the crystal.
- the first (1A) group element such as Li or Na
- impurities such as Group 1 (1A) elements and Group 13 (3B) elements are mixed in uncontrolled depending on the purity in the raw material. Therefore, in order to obtain the desired resistivity even if the Group 1 (1A) element is added to reduce the resistance of the crystal, the amount added must be adjusted for each raw crystal. This is thought to be due to the low resistance as a result of offsetting the effects of Group 1 (1A) elements and Group 13 (3B) elements. In such a case, the first (1A) group element and the thirteen (3B) group element are contained at a high concentration. There can be.
- such a CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystal has a resistivity within a predetermined range, but even if a large amount of impurities are contained in the crystal, there is a problem that device characteristics are deteriorated. is there. Therefore, it can be said that it is important as a substrate for optical devices that the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal has a low resistivity, taking into consideration the amount of impurities in a range that does not affect the epitaxial layer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal useful as a substrate for an optical device such as an infrared sensor by defining the resistivity and the amount of impurities contained in the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystal for optical devices, in which 5 X 10 14 to 6 X 10 15 cm 3 are contained in the crystal.
- the total amount of Group 13 (3B) elements and Group 17 (7B) elements contained in the crystal is less than 2 ⁇ 10 15 cm 3 1A) It should be less than the total amount of group elements, and the resistivity should be 10 ⁇ : ⁇ 0 4 ⁇ cm. That is, in order to use a CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystal as a substrate for an optical device, it is not possible to guarantee good device characteristics simply by keeping the resistivity within a predetermined range. The amount of impurities was specified.
- the CdTe-based compound semiconductor means a compound semiconductor containing Cd or Te as a main component in which part or all of Cd and Te are substituted. Examples thereof include CdTe, CdZnTe, and CdHgTe.
- the first (1A) group element is a force that means a group of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs.
- the crystal contains Ge, Sn as Group 14 (4B) elements, and Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni as transition metal elements, and is contained in the crystals.
- the total amount of 13 (3B) group elements, 17 (7B) group elements, 14 (4B) group elements Ge and Sn, and transition metal elements Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni are 2 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 and less than the total amount of the first (1A) group elements. Since these elements also have the property of making the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal high resistance like the Group 13 (3B) element, it is desirable that the concentration be lower than the Group 1 (1A) element concentration.
- the concentration of impurities contained in the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal is defined, but this may be reduced in resistance depending on the purity of the raw material when producing the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal. This is because it is difficult to remove undesired impurities (here, Group 13 (3B) elements, etc.) below the detection limit.
- the impurity concentration should be as low as possible! Desire! /, Noha!
- CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystals exhibit low-resistance p-type conductivity when they contain a small amount of Group 1 (1A) elements such as Li and Na, and dope the Group 1 (1A) elements.
- Group 1 (1A) elements such as Li and Na
- dope the Group 1 (1A) elements When the amount is increased, the resistivity decreases, and when the doping amount is decreased, the resistivity increases. Therefore, the present inventors examined the relationship between resistivity and device characteristics of CdTe compound semiconductor single crystals.
- a CdZnTe single crystal substrate which is one of CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystals, is used.
- a non-doped p-type conductive HgCdTe buffer layer is formed on the substrate, and an In-doped n layer is further formed thereon.
- a type HgCdTe active layer was formed and an epitaxy crystal with a simple optical device structure was fabricated.
- the mobility and current-voltage characteristics (IV characteristics) of the electrode formed on the surface of the epitaxial crystal are measured, and the gap between the electrode formed on the back surface of the substrate and the electrode on the surface of the epitaxial crystal is measured. The IV characteristics were evaluated.
- the concentration of impurities other than Group 1 (1A) in the CdZnTe single crystal was reduced as much as possible. That is, Al, Ga, In of Group 13 (3B) elements, F, Cl, Br, I, Group 17 (7B) elements, which are impurities that control CdZnTe single crystal to high resistance, 14 (4B) group of Ge, Sn, and transition metal elements of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni The total amount was less than 5 ⁇ 10 14 cm 3 .
- the resistivity of the CdZnTe single crystal is 10 to: L0 4 Qcm.
- the resistivity was 10 ⁇ cm when the concentration of the first (1A) group element was 6 ⁇ 10 15 cm 3 , and 10 4 ⁇ cm when the concentration was 5 ⁇ 10 14 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the concentration of the first (1A) group element in the single crystal must be 5X 10 14 to 6X 10 15 cm 3. It turned out to be.
- the Group 1 (1A) element and other impurity elements for example, Ga, which is a Group 13 (3B) element, and Ga
- C1, a 17 (7B) group element was mixed, and the relationship between the impurity content (concentration) in the obtained CdZnTe single crystal and the device characteristics was investigated.
- Sn, Ge of the group 14 (4B) element only by the group 13 (3B) element and the group 17 (7B) element, Ti, V, Cr of the transition metal element, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni also have the property of making CdTe compound semiconductor single crystals high resistance.
- the total amount of Group 1 (18) elements in the crystal is 5 10 14 to 6 10 15 and the total amount of Group 13 (3B) + Group 17 (7B) elements is Less than the total amount of Group 1 (1A) elements, Ge, Sn of Group 14 (4B) elements, and Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni of transition metal elements
- the total amount less than the total amount of Group 1 (1A) elements and making the total amount of impurities other than Group 1 (1A) elements less than 2 X 10 15 cm 3 , low resistance (10 to : L0 4
- the inventors have found that a p-type CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal with good electrical characteristics can be realized with a resistance of ⁇ cm), and have completed the present invention.
- the impurities other than the Group 1 (1A) element are mixed in exceeding the detection limit, if they are less than 2 X 10 15 cnf 3 and less than the Group 1 (1A) element, it will be profitable. This means that it does not affect the device characteristics of an optical device made from a compound semiconductor single crystal.
- the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal for optical devices is used in the scope of the claims of the present application, but the CdTe compound semiconductor single crystal is not only used as a substrate but on a different substrate such as Si.
- the first (1A) group contained in the crystal is a 5 X 10 14 ⁇ 6 10 15 « 11- 3, the total amount of the 13 (38) group element and second 17 (7B) group elements contained in the crystal 2 X 10 15 cm 3 And less than the total amount of the first (1A) group element to suppress a decrease in crystal purity due to dopants and other impurities, thereby avoiding a decrease in electrical characteristics due to a decrease in crystal purity. while, it is possible to realize a low resistivity (10 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ cm).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a crystal growth apparatus using a VGF method.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a CdZnTe single crystal substrate.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an epitaxy crystal in which an HgCdTe epitaxy layer is grown on a CdZnTe single crystal substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a crystal growth apparatus for growing the CdZnTe single crystal of this embodiment by the VGF method.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a high-pressure vessel, and a quartz ampule 11 having a reservoir portion 11 a is disposed at the center of the high-pressure vessel 10.
- a pBN crucible 13 is disposed in the quartz ampule 11, and a heater 12 is provided so as to surround the quartz ampule 11.
- the configuration of the heater 12 is not particularly limited. However, as in this embodiment, the portion corresponding to the crucible 13 and the portion corresponding to the reservoir portion 11a can be heated to different temperatures, and the inside of the high-pressure vessel 10 can be heated. For example, a three-stage multi-stage structure is desirable so that the temperature distribution can be controlled with great strength.
- CdTe and ZnTe polycrystals synthesized from raw materials obtained by purifying Cd, Zn, Te in advance by distillation or zone purification were used as CdZnTe single crystal growth raw materials.
- the impurity level can be changed depending on the method and man-hour (cost) required for high-purity raw materials.
- Cd 14 which is a readily volatile element is put in the reservoir 11a of the quartz ampule 11, and 3850g of CdZnTe raw material 15 is put in the pBN crucible 13 and placed in the quartz ampule 11 and then quartz. Ampoule 11 was sealed.
- a CdTe polycrystal containing a predetermined amount of Li which is a first (1A) group element produced according to the CdTe polycrystal production method disclosed in JP-A-2003-277197 is divided into blocks. And a granular ZnTe block was used as the CdZnTe raw material 15.
- the heater 12 is heated and heated to melt the CdZnTe raw material 15 in the crucible 13, and the heater 12 is heated to a predetermined temperature, for example, 770 to 830 ° C, to control the vapor pressure. At the same time, the crucible 13 was heated. [0040] Further, while controlling the amount of electric power supplied to each heater with a control device (not shown) so that a desired temperature distribution is generated in the high-pressure vessel 10, the temperature in the heating furnace is gradually lowered to reduce the CdZnTe unit. Crystals were grown. A CdZnTe single crystal ingot having a diameter of 110 mm and a length of 70 mm was obtained by growing for 300 hours at a growth rate of 0.24 mmZhr.
- the obtained CdZnTe single crystal was cut out to obtain a CdZnTe single crystal substrate 101, and the content of the impurity element was measured with a GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometer) against the substrate.
- the (1A) group element concentration was 4.2 X 10 15 cm— 3 , which was in the range of 5 X 10 ”to 6 X 10 15 cm— 3 .
- the 13th (3B) of Ga, In, A1 The total amount of group elements and 17 (7B) group elements such as C1 was 1.9 X 10 15 cm 3 , which was smaller than the concentration of group 1 (1A) elements.
- the CdZnTe single crystal substrate 101 was mirror-etched with a bromine methanol solution to sequentially form an In electrode 104 and an Au electrode 105 (see FIG. 2).
- the resistivity of the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was 5. OX lC ⁇ Q cm, and was in the range of 10 to: ⁇ 0 4 ⁇ cm.
- a 0.05 / zm HgCdTe buffer layer 102 and a 0.95 m In-dope n-type HgCdTe are formed on the substrate.
- the active layer 103 was sequentially grown by the MBE method to produce an epitaxial crystal.
- an In electrode 104 and an Au electrode 105 were formed in sequence (see Fig. 3), and the mobility was measured by the van der Bau method, and the voltage when the voltage was applied (current / z A level) IV Characteristics were measured.
- the mobility at the liquid nitrogen temperature of the epitaxy crystal was 125000 cm 2 ZV's, and there was no deterioration in the IV characteristics after a voltage was applied for 150 hours at room temperature. Furthermore, the IV characteristics between the electrode formed on the back surface of the substrate and the electrode on the epitaxial crystal surface were evaluated and confirmed to be ohmic.
- Example 1 As CdZnTe raw materials, a CdTe polycrystal containing a smaller amount of Li than in Example 1 and a granular ZnTe lump were used. A CdZnTe single crystal ingot having a diameter of 110 mm and a length of 70 mm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the obtained CdZnTe single crystal was cut out to obtain a CdZnTe single crystal substrate 101, and the concentration of the impurity element contained in the substrate was measured by GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometer).
- 8 X 10 was in the range of ⁇ 6 X 10 15 cm- 3.
- the total amount of Group 13 (3B) elements of Ga, In, A1 and Group 17 (7B) elements such as C1 is 4.6 X 10 14 cm 3, which is higher than the concentration of Group 1 (1A) elements. It was small.
- the CdZnTe single crystal substrate 101 was mirror-etched with a bromine methanol solution to sequentially form an In electrode 104 and an Au electrode 105 (see FIG. 2).
- the resistivity of the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was 7.6 7.10 3 ⁇ « ⁇ , and was in the range of 10 to: ⁇ 0 4 ⁇ cm.
- a 0.05 / zm HgCdTe buffer layer 102 and a 0.95 m In-dope n-type HgCdTe were formed on the substrate.
- the active layer 103 was sequentially grown by the MBE method to produce an epitaxial crystal.
- an In electrode 104 and an Au electrode 105 were sequentially formed (see Fig. 3), and the mobility was measured by the van der Pauw method, and the IV characteristics when a voltage was applied (current / zA level) were measured.
- the mobility at the liquid nitrogen temperature of the epitaxy crystal was 127000 cm 2 ZV's, and no deterioration was seen in the IV characteristics after 150 hours of voltage application at room temperature. Furthermore, the IV characteristics between the electrode formed on the back surface of the substrate and the electrode on the surface of the epitaxial crystal were evaluated and confirmed to be ohmic.
- a CdZnTe single crystal was grown while changing the concentration of Li contained in the CdTe polycrystal used as the CdZnTe raw material 15, and the resistivity and impurity concentration in the obtained CdZnTe single crystal were measured.
- the electrical characteristics of the epitaxial crystal obtained by growing the HgCdTe epitaxial layer on the CdZnTe single crystal substrate were measured.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of resistivity, group 1 (1A) element concentration, group 13 (3B) + group 17 (7B) element concentration of CdZnTe substrate, and mobility and IV degradation characteristics of epitaxy crystals.
- Table 4 shows the measurement results.
- the concentration of the first (1A) group element in the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was 8.7X10 cm " 3 and was in the range of 5 X 10 14 to 6 X 10 15 cm 3. 3B) + No. 17 (7B) group elements concentration was not size than the large instrument 2.
- the resistivity of the single crystal substrate is greatly affected by the 13th (3B) + 17th (7B) group elements, and the resistance is higher than that of Example 2 which is 4.5 10 4 0 «11 and 10 4 0« 11.
- the mobility of the epitaxial crystal at liquid nitrogen temperature is 111000 cm 2 ZV's, and the IV characteristics after applying voltage for 150 hours at room temperature are 75% higher than the current value at initial application. % And the crystallinity is inferior.
- the concentration of the first (1A) group element in the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was 4.1 X 10 15 cm “ 3 and was in the range of 5 X 10 14 to 6 X 10 15 cm 3 13 (3B) + Group 17 (7B) element concentration is 1.2X10 16 cm 3, which is larger than Group 1 (1A) element concentration 2.
- OX10 15 cm 3 The resistivity of the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was 8. OX 10 5 Qcm and 10 4 ⁇ cm higher than Comparative Example 1. The resistivity was an order of magnitude higher than that of Comparative Example 1.
- the 13 (3B) + 17 (7B) element concentration is large and the difference between the 1 (1A) group element concentration is large and the CdZnTe single crystal is made to have high resistance. (7B) group element This is thought to be due to the greater impact.
- the mobility at the liquid nitrogen temperature of the epitaxy crystal is 109000 cm 2 ZV's, and the IV characteristics after applying the voltage for 150 hours at room temperature are 55% compared to the current value at the initial application, and the deterioration of the IV characteristics is also significant. It can be seen that the crystallinity is further deteriorated as the total amount of impurities increases. From this, it can be seen that the electrical characteristics decrease as the resistivity of the CdZnTe single crystal substrate increases.
- the 1 (1A) group element concentration in the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was greater than 6 ⁇ 10 15 cm 3 at 8.5 X 10 15 cm "3. Also, the 13 (3B) + Group 17 (7B) element concentration is 1.8X10 15 cm 3, which is smaller than Group 1 (1A) element concentration 2. OX10 15 cm 3 is smaller than CdZnTe single crystal substrate The resistivity was 1.5 ⁇ cm, which was less than 10 ⁇ cm, and the mobility of the epitaxy crystal at liquid nitrogen temperature was 8700 Ocm 2 ZV's.
- the characteristics were not measurable, and it was found that the electrical characteristics were poor compared to the working examples, so that if the concentration of the first (1A) group element was too large, the crystallinity of the CdZnTe single crystal was reduced, and It is considered that the electrical characteristics deteriorate because the conductivity of the first (1A) group element diffuses into the n-type epitaxial crystal.
- the concentration of the first (1A) group element in the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was 5.1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ” 3 and was in the range of 5 10 14 to 6 10.
- 3B) +17 (7B) group element concentration was 2.5 10 and the group 1 (18) element concentration was also smaller than 2.
- OX10 15 cm “ 3 the resistivity of the CdZnTe single crystal substrate was in the range of 4.5X lC ⁇ Qc m becomes 10 to 10 4 Qcm.
- the mobility at the liquid nitrogen temperature of the epitaxial crystal is 112000cm 2 ZV's, and the IV characteristics after applying the voltage for 150 hours at room temperature is 70% compared to the current value at the initial application.
- the CdZnTe compound semiconductor single crystal for optical devices doped with the first (1A) group element to be p-type low resistance is included in the crystal.
- the total amount of Group 1 (1 A) elements is 5 X 10 14 to 6 X 10 15 cm 3
- the total amount of Group 13 (3B) + Group 17 (7B) elements contained in the crystal is 2 X 10 15 less than cm 3 and the first (1A) group element
- the resistivity can be 10 to 10 4 Q cm.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be changed without departing from the gist thereof.
- the present invention can also be applied to the case where other CdTe-based compound semiconductor single crystals (for example, CdTe single crystals) are made to have a low resistance.
- the force described for the Group 1 (1A) element and the Group 13 (3B) + Group 17 (7B) element contained in the CdZnTe single crystal is controlled to have a high resistance.
- the impurity concentration contained in the CdZnTe single crystal is large, the crystal purity is lowered and the electrical characteristics are lowered. Therefore, it is desirable to make the impurity concentration as small as possible.
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US7427382B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2008-09-23 | Redlen Technologies | Cold-walled vessel process for compounding, homogenizing and consolidating semiconductor compounds |
JP2017197413A (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Jx金属株式会社 | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
JP2020073444A (ja) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-14 | Jx金属株式会社 | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
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JP6149103B2 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-06-14 | Jx金属株式会社 | 光電変換素子用化合物半導体単結晶インゴット、光電変換素子、および光電変換素子用化合物半導体単結晶インゴットの製造方法 |
JP7133476B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-09 | 2022-09-08 | Jx金属株式会社 | テルル化亜鉛カドミウム単結晶基板およびその製造方法 |
US11552710B2 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-01-10 | Acacia Communications, Inc. | Resistivity engineered substrate for RF common-mode suppression |
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JPH035399A (ja) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-01-11 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | テルル化カドミウム結晶及びその製造方法 |
JPH11228299A (ja) * | 1998-02-12 | 1999-08-24 | Japan Energy Corp | 化合物半導体単結晶およびその製造方法 |
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JPS575325A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1982-01-12 | Junichi Nishizawa | Semicondoctor p-n junction device and manufacture thereof |
JPS6037076B2 (ja) * | 1980-06-11 | 1985-08-23 | 潤一 西澤 | 3−6族化合物半導体の温度液相成長法 |
US5204283A (en) * | 1986-12-12 | 1993-04-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of growth II-VI semiconducting compounds |
JPH0570298A (ja) | 1991-09-09 | 1993-03-23 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | フオトリフラクテイブ素子用のCdTe単結晶とその製造方法 |
US6043141A (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2000-03-28 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Method for in situ growth of p-type doped group II-VI semiconductor films |
JP4083449B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-19 | 2008-04-30 | 日鉱金属株式会社 | CdTe単結晶の製造方法 |
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JPH035399A (ja) * | 1989-05-31 | 1991-01-11 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | テルル化カドミウム結晶及びその製造方法 |
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Cited By (5)
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US7427382B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2008-09-23 | Redlen Technologies | Cold-walled vessel process for compounding, homogenizing and consolidating semiconductor compounds |
US7547425B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2009-06-16 | Redlen Technologies | Cold-walled vessel process for compounding, homogenizing and consolidating semiconductor compounds |
JP2017197413A (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Jx金属株式会社 | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
JP2020073444A (ja) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-14 | Jx金属株式会社 | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
JP7217715B2 (ja) | 2020-01-14 | 2023-02-03 | Jx金属株式会社 | 化合物半導体基板およびその製造方法 |
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