WO2006051589A1 - 熱式流量測定装置 - Google Patents
熱式流量測定装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006051589A1 WO2006051589A1 PCT/JP2004/016721 JP2004016721W WO2006051589A1 WO 2006051589 A1 WO2006051589 A1 WO 2006051589A1 JP 2004016721 W JP2004016721 W JP 2004016721W WO 2006051589 A1 WO2006051589 A1 WO 2006051589A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow rate
- signal
- response
- response recovery
- backflow
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/696—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters
- G01F1/6965—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters comprising means to store calibration data for flow signal calculation or correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6845—Micromachined devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/72—Devices for measuring pulsing fluid flows
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal flow rate measuring device for detecting a flow rate of a fluid such as air.
- a thermal air flow measurement device using a temperature sensitive resistor such as a heating resistor or temperature compensation resistor with temperature characteristics can directly detect the mass air volume. It is widely used to measure the intake air flow rate of an internal combustion engine such as a car. The detected air flow signal is used to calculate the fuel injection amount of the electronically controlled fuel injection device.
- a temperature sensitive resistor such as a heating resistor
- a hot wire type in which a platinum wire is wound around a bobbin and coated with glass has been widely put into practical use, and in recent years, a thin film resistor is mounted on a ceramic substrate.
- a thin film type formed on a silicon substrate and a semiconductor type such as polysilicon have been proposed.
- the flow rate detection method is a method in which the heating resistor installed in the flow path is heated so that the temperature difference between the temperature compensation resistor and the temperature compensation resistor becomes a predetermined difference, and the current flowing through the heating resistor is directly detected.
- a temperature detection resistor is placed upstream and downstream of the heating resistor, and the flow rate is detected by the temperature difference of the temperature detection resistor.
- the resistance temperature characteristics that change when the temperature-sensitive resistor exchanges heat with the fluid are used.
- the former is an example of digitally correcting the characteristics of a flow meter (sensor), and the latter is a method used on the engine control unit side to improve measurement errors due to sensor response delays. It is an example. Both are used to improve response delay when using sensors with large response delay.
- the thermal flow sensor has a non-linear output characteristic and may be accompanied by pulsation due to blowback of an engine or the like. Since these are error factors of the output signal, an example in which the output signal is digitally corrected digitally on the sensor circuit side and output to the engine control unit side is described in JP-A-11 94620 and the like.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-62012
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11 14418
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-10752
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-13789
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-94620
- Ih is the current flowing through the heating resistor
- Rh is the resistance value of the heating resistor
- Th is the surface temperature of the heating resistor
- Ta is the air temperature
- Q is the air flow rate
- Cl and C2 are determined by the heating resistor. Is a number.
- the output of the air flow meter detects the heating current Ih as a voltage value using a detection resistor.
- the relational force of equation (1) also converts the output voltage value of the sensor into a flow rate value to control the ratio of air and fuel in the internal combustion engine.
- the relationship between the output signal of the thermal flow meter and the actual flow rate is a non-linear relationship (the fourth root of the flow rate is a voltage value) as shown in Equation (1).
- the fourth root of the flow rate is a voltage value
- some linear means are required.
- variable inertia intake system has been proposed in order to increase the output in a high engine speed range.
- This method increases the intake air pulsation that tends to occur in the low engine speed range even in the high engine speed range (for example, by changing the effective length of the intake pipe in the high engine speed range, causing engine intake resonance)
- the intake pulsation is increased), and the air intake efficiency in the high rotation range is increased to increase the output.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a flow meter according to the magnitude of the pulsation and the frequency thereof in a situation where intake pulsation or backflow occurs in the engine. It is to reduce the pulsation error.
- the present invention basically relates to an output from the flow rate detecting element in a thermal type flow rate measuring device having a flow rate detecting element capable of detecting the flow rate of the fluid and detecting forward and reverse flow of the pulsating flow.
- Response recovery means for performing response recovery processing for a response delay of a signal to be generated, and determining whether or not the response recovery processing is performed according to the pulsation state of the output signal of the flow rate detection element, or parameter value for response recovery And means for changing.
- the pulsation state of the output signal of the flow rate detecting element is, for example, the presence or absence of backflow generation or an estimated amount of backflow.
- the response delay compensation parameter (leading gain) in the operation region for only the forward flow and the pulsation operation region in which the reverse flow is generated is adjusted so as to be suitable for each, and the intake air Response delay compensation of the flow rate signal can be performed.
- the accuracy of flow rate measurement during pulsation or response is improved without losing the characteristics of the original signal of the sensor.
- by reducing the measurement error during pulsation at high revolutions, when used for engine control it is possible to perform power-up and more accurate control, thereby reducing exhaust gas and improving fuel efficiency. .
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of a flow rate measuring apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of arithmetic processing executed by the digital processing device of the flow rate measuring device.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing digital processing of the engine control unit used in the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of backflow determination according to the above embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an intake passage and a bypass passage used in the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow rate error due to pulsation generated in the bypass passage.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing frequency characteristics of the flow sensor.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing reduction of pulsation error according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a flow rate measuring device used in the above embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a pattern of a resistor formed on a silicon substrate.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the silicon substrate and the resistor.
- FIG. 12 is a system configuration diagram of a flow rate measuring apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a digital processing apparatus in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram of digital processing by the engine control unit used in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a digital processing device used in a flow rate measuring device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of backflow determination according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram of a backflow correlation used in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an output selection operation algorithm according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an output selection correction operation algorithm by the controller in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a system configuration diagram of a flow rate measuring apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram of arithmetic processing executed by the digital processing device of the flow rate measuring device.
- FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing digital processing of the engine control unit used in the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a system configuration of a flow rate measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a controller (control unit: signal) by preprocessing the output of the air flow rate sensor 4 of the first embodiment. (Processing unit) Digital processing device 2 sent to 5 is shown.
- the flow rate measuring device can concentrate the components only on the force flow rate sensor 4 that is constituted by the flow rate sensor 4 and a part of the engine controller 5.
- a sensor 4 includes a drive circuit 1 for a thermal flow rate detecting element (flow rate measuring element), a power source 10, and a digital processing device 2.
- the drive circuit 1 is connected to the power supply 10 and controls the current flowing through the heating resistor 11, so that the temperature difference between the heating resistor 11 and the temperature compensation resistor 12 is maintained at a predetermined temperature difference.
- the heating resistor 11 is heated and controlled.
- the heating resistor 11 is arranged in the intake passage to be measured for flow rate, and exchanges heat with the fluid according to the flow rate (flow velocity). As the flow rate increases, the amount of heat taken away by the heating resistor 11 increases, so the temperature difference from the temperature compensation resistor 12 is reduced. Heating current for keeping constant increases.
- thermoelectric detection resistors (not shown in FIG. 1) are provided upstream and downstream of the heating resistor 11. These are shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 11), and the signals of the output differences of these temperature detection resistors are used.
- the temperature of the temperature detection resistor positioned upstream of the heating resistor is decreased as the flow rate is increased as compared with the temperature detection resistor positioned downstream of the heating resistor, based on the fluid flow. Focusing on the above, the air flow rate is obtained from the difference between the output signals of the two temperature detection resistors. This method has the advantage that the directionality of the fluid can also be detected.
- the output of the flow rate detection element is a non-linear output and includes a pulsation component. Such non-linearity and pulsation cause a flow rate error of the output signal.
- the digital processing device 2 corrects such an error, and serves as a preprocessing unit for the engine controller (signal processing unit) 5 at the subsequent stage.
- the digital processing device 2 is composed of digital means such as a microcomputer and dedicated logic.
- the output signal (flow signal) Vin of the drive circuit 1 is converted into a digital value by analog / digital conversion (AZD conversion) 21.
- the arithmetic circuit 22 performs error correction (for example, linearization processing) using correction data prepared in the rewrite memory 23.
- the corrected digital signal is digital
- the output signal is output to the engine controller 5 via the output signal selection means (switching switch) 27.
- the switching switch 27 performs a switching operation in response to a selection signal Qset from the engine controller 5 input via the input / output port (I / O) 26.
- a selection signal Qset from the engine controller 5 input via the input / output port (I / O) 26.
- either the reference clock signal fck of the oscillator (OSC) 25 or the output Vout of the digital / analog conversion (DZA conversion) 24 can be selected and output.
- the output signal Vout of the flow rate measuring device 4 is converted into a digital value by the analog / digital converter 51 and used for calculation of engine control.
- the controller 5 inputs the output signal Vout via the input / output port (IZO) 52.
- IZO input / output port
- signals other than the normal output signal Vout such as the reference clock fck are also required. Input accordingly.
- the response recovery processing 43 advances and corrects the response delay of the sensor output signal by correcting using the adjustment parameter T1 (47) for response recovery.
- the parameter T1 will be described with only T1 as a representative time constant, but there may be a plurality of parameters.
- the output-adjusted signal is then converted to an analog signal by a digital-to-analog conversion process 45 (executed by the D / A converter 24 in Fig. 1) and, if necessary, soft switch 49 (Fig. 1). Is output to the engine controller 5 via the switch 27).
- the output selection processing 46 selects the presence / absence of the response recovery processing 43 via the soft switch 48, and selectively outputs the output signal Vout and the reference clock signal fck via the soft switch 49.
- This output selection processing 46 is executed by the I / O 26 and I / O 52 shown in FIG. 1 based on the control signal Qset from the engine controller 5.
- the air flow rate sensor 4 can output different signals such as the normal voltage output Vout and the reference clock fck through one switch 49 via the switch 49. This selection can be executed when the digital processing device 2 itself satisfies a certain condition instead of the external selection signal Qset such as the engine controller.
- the analog output signal Vout from the sensor 4 side is converted into a digital value by an analog / digital conversion process 62 (performed by the AZD converter 51 in FIG. 1) after passing through the analog filter 61.
- the output signal Vout is converted to the flow rate value Q1 by (1) V-Q conversion (voltage-flow rate conversion) processing 63 or (2) response recovery processing by the soft switch 67 for output switching.
- 64 improves responsiveness (In other words, this improved signal is also called a signal whose response has been restored or a signal whose response delay has been corrected, and the voltage corresponding to this improved signal is Vsp).
- Vsp is converted to flow rate value Q2 by V-Q conversion (voltage-flow rate conversion) 65.
- the signal Q1 is obtained without any special processing as the flow rate signal Qan.
- the signal Q2 whose response is adjusted by the adjustment parameter T2 for response recovery is obtained as the flow rate signal Qan.
- T2 will be described as a single time constant, but there may be multiple parameters. Selection of Ql and Q2 is performed by soft switch 67.
- the switching of the soft switch 67 is executed based on the determination result of the backflow determination processing 68.
- the reverse flow determination processing 68 is an output of the flow sensor 4 when the engine is stopped (for example, when the engine key switch is turned on and before the engine is started or when the engine is stopped). V-Q conversion (voltage-flow rate conversion) 66 and input as zero point flow rate value Q0, and further input the flow rate signals Ql and Q2 obtained in the conversion process (1) and (2) above.
- the reverse flow determination processing 68 uses Ql, Q2, and Q0, so that a reverse flow is generated in the pulsating air flow flowing in the engine intake passage, and a state and a reverse flow are generated! / Can be detected with high accuracy. This backflow determination process will be described with reference to FIG.
- Fig. 4 (a) shows the case where both the flow rate values Ql and Q2 including the pulsating component are larger than the zero flow rate Q0.
- the flow rate value Q2 shown by a dotted line
- the flow rate value Q1 shown by a solid line
- the determination processing 68 determines that there is no backflow.
- Such a state corresponds to, for example, a pulsating flow of an intake flow in a low engine speed range.
- the judgment process 68 determines that there is a backflow. In this way, the state where the backflow occurs can be reliably detected immediately before the backflow occurs, and the accuracy (that is, the detection sensitivity) of the backflow generation detection can be improved.
- the backflow occurs when, for example, an engine like the variable inertia intake system described above. It is conceivable that pulsation is generated in order to increase the intake efficiency at a high engine speed range.
- the soft switch 67 is controlled to be switched according to the determination of whether or not the pulsating flow of the air flow (fluid) includes a reverse flow. Specifically, when there is no backflow determination, the flow is a pulsating flow when the engine is in the low speed range, and there is almost no response delay in the output of the flow rate detection element. Response switch 43 is not selected, and soft switch 67 selects flow rate value Q1. When there is a backflow judgment, since the pulsating flow is generated when the engine is in the high speed range, the flow rate detection element selects response recovery processing 43 and 64 via the soft switches 48 and 67, and the flow rate value Select Q2.
- the engine controller 5 selects the response recovery processing 43 on the sensor 4 side via the switch 48 according to the Qset signal, and the engine controller 5 side
- the response recovery process 64 is selected by the switch 67.
- both response recovery processes are executed at a predetermined rate.
- the advantages of performing both of these response recovery processes simultaneously are as follows. In an actual device, depending on the characteristics of both the sensor and the engine controller, the sensor side, engine control port, etc. In some cases, it may be possible to obtain desirable results (good performance) by performing response recovery processing little by little.
- the ratio of the response recovery processing of both sides is set to 5: 5 (50% each), force 7: 3, force, and 3: 7 force on the sensor side and controller side.
- the values of Q1 and Q2 used for the backflow determination process 68 are different from those before selection of the response recovery process due to the effect of the response recovery process 43. Therefore, at least when the response recovery process 43 is selected, it is easy to make excessive backflow determination. Therefore, to prevent this situation, the zero-flow level QO for backflow determination is set to zero. The force is also decreased by a certain value in the negative direction. In this way, excessive misjudgment of backflow judgment can be prevented.
- the response recovery processing 43 on the sensor 4 side is mainly used, and the response recovery processing on the controller 5 side 64. Therefore, the latter response recovery process 64 can also focus on the backflow determination process 68.
- the response recovery parameter T2 used in the response recovery process 64 on the controller 5 side is rewritten to a small value (the recovery process is a small value).
- the recovery process is a small value.
- hysteresis is provided for the timing of response recovery processing switching on the sensor side and parameter change on the controller 5 side.
- the controller 5 determines the occurrence of a backflow, it can be selected as one of the response recovery processes of the flow rate sensor 4 and the controller 5.
- the flow rate measuring device of the present embodiment is suitable for an engine that generates pulsation in order to increase the intake efficiency even in a high engine speed range.
- the engine has a low engine speed range where response delay hardly occurs (pulsation frequency is low! /,), Select “No response recovery process”, while high engine speeds where response delay is a problem. If it is within the range, select “With response recovery process”.
- the response recovery parameter is switched between the low speed range and the high speed range (the response recovery parameter in the high speed range is set to be larger than that in the low speed range). You may do it. In this way, the measurement error can be improved (reduced) by the responsiveness according to the engine operating state as described above. Further, the response recovery parameter may be changed according to the degree of the backflow, that is, the estimated amount of backflow.
- the reference clock signal fck is input from the output terminal of the sensor 4 as necessary, such as at the time of startup, instead of Vout relating to the normal flow rate signal by switching the switch 27.
- the response parameter detection process 65 on the controller 5 side can detect variations in the reference clock fck by detecting the frequency of the reference clock and the number of pulses counted within a certain time. If the variation of the reference clock is known, the parameters used for the response recovery process 64 can be automatically adjusted. [0056]
- the fluctuation and variation of the clock fck can be optimized by reducing the influence of the fluctuation and optimizing the pulsation error by changing the adjustment parameter of the response recovery according to the force clock that causes the fluctuation of the response recovery process. At the same time, the detection accuracy of the backflow state can be improved.
- FIG. 5 shows a passage structure of a bypass passage 401 arranged in a main passage 402 in a general engine intake passage, and a flow rate detecting element 211 (a heat generating resistor 11, temperature compensation) arranged in the bypass passage 401. Resistor 12, temperature detection resistor, etc.).
- the bypass passage 401 has a bent passage structure (for example, a substantially L-shaped passage structure) that allows easy passage of the forward flow and difficulty of the reverse flow. By using such a bypass passage structure, it is possible to reduce the flow rate error during fluid pulsation.
- a bent passage structure for example, a substantially L-shaped passage structure
- FIG. 6 shows the effect of improving the pulsation error at a low rotational speed by the bypass passage 401.
- the horizontal axis is the pulsation rate indicating the magnitude of pulsation
- the vertical axis is the magnitude of pulsation error in the flow rate measurement value.
- the flowmeter When the nopass passage 401 is not provided, the flowmeter has a characteristic that a minus error of the flow rate measurement value increases as the pulsation increases due to a response delay such as the heat capacity of the heating resistor 11. In particular, when a backflow occurs, a minus error increases.
- the flow rate detecting element 211 is arranged in the bypass passage 401, the error can be corrected to the plus side by the correction characteristic by the bypass, and the pulsation error corrected by the no-pass is Error characteristics with relatively little fluctuation.
- FIG. 7 shows the frequency characteristics of a thermal flow meter with the pulsation frequency on the horizontal axis and the gain characteristics on the vertical axis.
- the basic frequency characteristic fl of the thermal flow meter is a gain characteristic equivalent to a low-pass filter in which the gain decreases according to the pulsation frequency.
- the pulsation frequency gain characteristic can be improved by the characteristic f2 of the response recovery means, and the characteristic f3 after the response recovery can be obtained.
- FIG. 8 shows the characteristics of this example using the characteristics after response recovery.
- the error in the flow rate value in the region of the pulsation rate after the occurrence of backflow increases to the minus side.
- the rotation speed (pulsation circumference If the pulsation error changes greatly depending on the wave number)
- the error is reduced due to the characteristics corrected by the bypass, and further correction may not be necessary! /.
- the optimum value of the correction parameter for improving the response may be different between the low rotation speed and the high rotation speed. Therefore, if the correction parameters are uniformly unified, the following problems occur. For example, if response delay correction is uniquely performed with a correction parameter suitable for improving flow rate measurement errors in the high speed range, the flow rate measurement plus error in the low speed range without backflow will be increased. End up.
- the parameter (correction parameter) for improving the response is changed at the high speed and the low speed, in other words, the correction parameter is set before and after the occurrence of the backflow. It can be optimized by changing it.
- the temperature detection resistor 21 Id-21 lg is arranged at a position (upstream and downstream positions of the heating resistor 11) affected by the heating resistor 11.
- Such a structure can obtain a flow rate with directionality by a voltage signal corresponding to the temperature difference between the upstream and downstream temperature detection resistors, and is a typical configuration example of a so-called temperature difference type flow meter. It is.
- This method is suitable for detecting a flow rate that includes large pulsations, such as detecting the reverse flow rate by detecting the flow direction.
- the drive circuit 1 for the flow rate detection element is connected to a power source 10.
- the drive circuit 1 has a Wheatstone bridge circuit composed of a heating resistor 11, a temperature compensation resistor 12, and resistors 13, 14, 17, and a differential amplifier 15, a transistor 16 so that the potential difference at the midpoint of the bridge becomes zero.
- the exothermic resistor is configured to control the current flowing through the antibody 11! Speak.
- the output of the differential amplifier 15 increases and operates to further heat.
- the current flowing through the heating resistor 12 is controlled so that the resistance value of the heating resistor 11 is constant regardless of the air flow rate, that is, the temperature is constant.
- the temperature detection resistors 21 ld, 211e, 21 If, and 211 g arranged upstream and downstream of the heating resistor 11 constitute a bridge, and the temperature difference of the resistor is determined by the difference between the midpoint potentials Vbl and Vb2. Is detected. In this method, an output corresponding to the direction of flow can be obtained.
- the temperature detection resistors 21 ld, 211 e, 21 If, 211 g are driven at a constant voltage by the power supply voltage Vref 1.
- This method of detecting the temperature difference between the resistors is suitable for detecting bidirectional flow such as backflow with good sensitivity on the low flow rate side because it is detected differentially.
- the flow rate detection elements such as the heating resistor and the temperature detection resistor are formed as thin films on the silicon semiconductor substrate 21 la, and an example of the pattern is shown in FIG.
- the heat generating resistor 11 is a vertically long and folded resistance pattern, and has a structure in which temperature detecting resistors 211d, 211e, 21 If, and 21 lg are arranged on both sides thereof.
- the heating resistor 11 and the temperature detecting resistors 211d, 211e, 21 If, and 211g are arranged in a diaphragm structure portion having a small heat capacity by etching the back surface of the silicon substrate 211a, for example.
- the temperature compensation resistor 12 is disposed in a place that is not easily affected by the temperature of the heating resistor 11.
- Figure 11 shows the cross-sectional structure. The location with the temperature sensing resistor and temperature compensation resistor pattern is the thickest structure.
- the potentials Vbl and Vb2 at the bridge midpoints of the temperature detection resistors 21 ld, 211 e, 21 If and 21 lg are input to the digital processing device 2.
- the digital processing device 2 has two analog 'digital converters 21a and 21b, converts the voltage value corresponding to the flow rate into a digital value, reads it, adjusts it as a digital quantity by the CPU 22, and adjusts the digital value.
- the digital processing device 2 has the same configuration as that of the previous embodiment.
- the voltage Vcc supplied from the outside is input to the internal power source / protection circuit 228 as a power source.
- the power supply protection circuit 228 supplies the power supply voltage Vref 1 depending on the external voltage Vcc as a reference voltage to the analog digital converters 21a and 21b and the digital digital converter 24 through the switch 225a.
- the switch 225a switches between the voltage Vref 2 generated in the reference voltage circuit 229 inside the digital processing device 2 and the power supply voltage Vref 1 depending on the previous external voltage Vcc.
- the analog / digital converters 2 la and 21b require the accuracy because they directly input the bridge circuit outputs Vbl and Vb2. Ensure accuracy and reduce circuit scale
- a ⁇ type analog 'digital transformation ⁇ may be used.
- the reference voltage can be changed by the switch 225a. This is to freely select the standard for interfacing with analog values. If the reference voltage of the analog 'digital converter on the engine controller side connected to the digital processor 2 and the voltage Vcc supplied from the outside fluctuate in the same or synchronous manner, the controller uses the power supply voltage Vrefl as a reference. If it is not relevant, select an independent reference voltage Vref2. As a result, the correspondence between the digital controller 2 and the corresponding controller is easy, and errors due to the unmatching of the analog interface can be reduced.
- the heating resistor 11 is obtained by forming a platinum or tungsten thin film or thick film, a polysilicon resistor, or the like as a heating element on a plate-type glass, ceramic, silicon, or other substrate.
- a platinum or tungsten thin film or thick film, a polysilicon resistor, or the like as a heating element on a plate-type glass, ceramic, silicon, or other substrate.
- the surface of a cylindrical or columnar bobbin made of an insulating material with good thermal conductivity such as ceramic is wound with platinum or tungsten heat wire as a heating element, and coated with glass or ceramics as a coating material. It may be what was done.
- the heating resistor 11 and the temperature detection resistor 21 Id—21 lg, and the temperature compensation resistor 12 are provided in the intake passage of an internal combustion engine such as an automobile, for example, and correspond to the flow rate of air flowing through the intake passage.
- the output is output through a differential amplifier. This output voltage is input to an analog / digital converter 21 built in the digital processing device 2 composed of a microcomputer dedicated logic and converted into a digital quantity.
- the CPU 22 in the digital processing device 2 performs response recovery processing on the converted digital value as necessary, and then performs output adjustment processing to absorb individual variations in sensor characteristics. After that, the sensor voltage signal is converted into a flow rate by an arbitrary first conversion formula fxl and smoothed, and non-uniform linearization processing such as adjusting the sensitivity by the second conversion formula fx2 is performed. The output after unequal linearization is linearized again if necessary, and outputs a non-linear voltage value to the engine controller etc. using digital 'analog conversion 24'.
- the digital processing device 2 also includes individual difference information such as non-volatile memory 222c having built-in programs, flow rate conversion maps and programs such as various flow rate conversion formulas, resistance value variations of the heating resistor 11, and smoothing. Smoothness of processing (frequency characteristics, etc.) and non-uniform linearization Rewritable memory (PROM) 23 that records adjustment parameters for changing various functions, the degree of response recovery processing, etc., and random access memory (RAM) 222b, which is used for the calculation work area of CPU22 Consists of an oscillator (OSC) 25 that generates an internal clock.
- OSC oscillator
- the rewritable PROM 23 does not need to be built in the digital processing device 2, but if it can be written more than once, it can be a fuse-type ROM, an electrically erasable EEPROM, or a flash ROM for batch erasure. It can also be a high-speed nonvolatile memory that uses the polarization phenomenon of a ferroelectric film.
- the difference from the previous embodiment is that instead of the DZA converter 24, a digital 'frequency converter ( 28 is used to output the signal, and it is easy to superimpose the signal by handling the signal on the pulse.
- the controller 5 is provided with a timer 53 for counting the frequency, and a reference signal Tref such as an engine crank angle can be input. Similar to the previous embodiment, it is possible to select the response of the output signal fout having a sensor force and to switch to the reference clock signal fck or the like.
- the detailed calculation process flow will be described with reference to FIG.
- the digital processing device 2 inputs the output Vin of the sensor 1, converts the input signal into an analog digital value by analog-to-digital conversion processing 41, and performs response recovery processing 43 as required by digital means.
- the output adjustment process 44 is executed.
- the parameter T1 of the response recovery process 43 is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and the parameter T1 will be described by using only T1 as one time constant, but there may be a plurality of parameters.
- the parameter T1 may be changed according to the state of reverse flow (engine speed).
- the presence or absence of the response recovery processing 43 can be selected by the soft switch 48.
- Response recovery processing The signal that has undergone 43 and is subjected to output adjustment 44 is converted into a frequency signal by digital 'frequency conversion processing 45 (executed by D / f conversion 28), and then output through switch 49.
- the flow rate signal (frequency-converted) is output by the output selection process 46 that operates according to the control signal Qset from the controller 5 (or the sensor internal signal). Output) It is possible to switch between fout and reference clock signal fck for output, and to select 43 response recovery processing.
- the senor 4 In response to a selection command from the outside (or when the digital processing device 2 itself repeats processing when a certain condition is satisfied), the sensor 4 outputs a normal frequency-converted output fout and a different signal such as a reference clock fck. It is possible to output with one signal line.
- the controller 5 receives the output (frequency) fout from the sensor 1, converts it to a digital value fqaf by the synchronous sampling process 71, and converts the digitally converted frequency signal fqaf into an fQ conversion (frequency-flow rate). Conversion) Process 73 converts to flow rate value Qfl.
- a response recovery process 74 to the frequency signal fqaf, a signal fsp corresponding to a frequency with improved responsiveness is obtained, and an fQ conversion (frequency-flow rate conversion) process 75 is applied to the fsp.
- the flow values Qf2 and Qfl can be selectively output via a switching switch (soft switch) 77.
- the response recovery process 74 in this case is performed using the adjustment parameter T2 for response recovery described above.
- T2 is described as a typical time constant, but there may be multiple parameters.
- the backflow determination processing 78 can be performed by using a signal whose responsiveness has been recovered.
- the state of backflow per cycle is particularly accurately measured by the simultaneous signal Tref. It becomes possible to do.
- the backflow determination processing 78 can be performed by using a signal whose responsiveness has been recovered as in the first embodiment.
- the signals used for backflow judgment processing 78 are Qfl, Qf2, QfO It is. Qfl, Qf2 force If the flow rate value is greater than QfO (Qfl>QfO;Qf2> QfO), determination processing 78 determines that there is no backflow.
- the determination processing 78 determines that there is a backflow.
- the presence / absence of backflow is determined. Similar to the first embodiment, the reference flow rate value QfO is reduced or the response parameter T2 is rewritten to a small value. That is, in the first and second embodiments, the former is a flow signal based on voltage, the latter is a flow signal based on frequency, and the rest basically performs the same operation.
- FIG. 15 shows the contents of the arithmetic processing of the digital processing device 2 on the flow sensor 4 side in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the flow sensor 4 itself (digital processing device 2) determines whether or not there is a backflow.
- the digital processing device 2 inputs the output Vin of the drive circuit 1 and converts it into a digital value by analog / digital conversion processing 41.
- the converted digital value is subjected to output adjustment processing 44 as it is as Vinl by the soft switch (switching switch) 48, or after response recovery processing 43 by digital means (the response recovered signal is defined as Vin2).
- Output adjustment processing 44 is performed.
- the signal subjected to the output adjustment process 44 is converted into an analog signal by the digital / analog converter 45 and output.
- the backflow determination processing 47 for selecting the presence or absence of the response recovery processing 43 obtains the maximum value and the minimum value of the pulsation waveform in the output value Vinl of the analog / digital variation 41, and the correlation kg based on it. To determine the backflow. The correlation is obtained from the maximum and minimum values of the voltage value Vinl and the difference between the maximum and minimum values as shown in FIG.
- Correlation Kg (minimum value) Z (maximum value minimum value)-(2)
- a correlation as shown in FIG. 17 can be obtained. If the slope of this correlation is below a certain level, it can be determined (estimated) that a backflow occurs in the pulsating flow.
- the correlation value kg of the backflow determination criterion is set to a value that makes it possible to estimate that Vin2 is lower than Voff even if Vin1 is not lower than Voff as shown in FIG. 16 (b).
- Figure 16 (a) shows Vinl and Vin2 in the case of the determination without backflow.
- the flow measurement accuracy can be improved by making a self-judgment on the pulsation error and selecting the presence or absence of the response recovery process.
- the compatibility of the conventional engine control device as a pre-processing device is enhanced because the software change of the engine controller is not necessary due to a slight software load on the sensor 4 side.
- the maximum and minimum voltages Vinl and Vin2 are obtained and correlated, but instead, the output after response recovery is converted to a flow rate by V-Q conversion, and the maximum It is also possible to obtain the minimum correlation. In that case, the correlation function is different.
- the presence or absence of backflow determination and response recovery processing is basically the same as in the above-described embodiments.
- the state of the sensor clock used degradation with time, etc.
- the type of signal transmission voltage output, frequency output
- the signal SCI serial “communication” interface
- an external controller such as an engine controller, etc.
- FIG. 18 A specific operation will be described with reference to FIG. The operation shown in Fig. 18 is performed on the sensor side or the controller side.
- the battery voltage VB The period of time Tvbl immediately after is determined from the operation of the digital processing device 2 described above as immediately after starting VB.
- the output selection signal Qset reaches the fixed time Hi (Tset 1)
- the clock signal fck is selected as the output Vout and input to the controller 5.
- a high-frequency digital signal equivalent to the clock signal is output as the output signal.
- the output selection signal Qset goes Low, the clock selection is completed and normal output operation is resumed.
- the selected value Qset is 1 (Hi)
- the normal operation mode of output is maintained. This is the case when the output is voltage, but the same can be said for frequency.
- step 401 the output selection value Qset is set to 1 (Hi) immediately after starting VB to set the clock mode. Thereafter, in step 402, the clock signal is read.
- Controller 5 sets the output selection value Qset to either 1 (Hi) force 0 (Lo) (50 1) to determine the response determination mode by itself (502) and select the output.
- the value Qset is 1 (Hi)
- various processing is performed on the assumption that there is no response recovery processing.
- it is assumed that, for example, the response recovery process is not performed, and the exhaust correction amount in the case is learned (505).
- FIG. 20 shows a configuration in the case where the adjustment at the time of manufacture is made possible by the external adjustment device 80 in the flow rate measurement device according to the embodiment described above.
- the external adjustment device 80 is communicably connected to the digital processing device 2 for flow measurement in the adjustment stage at the time of manufacturing the flow measurement device, and uses the output signal Vout from the digital processing device 2 to connect the processing device. Adjustment of 2 is performed.
- the external adjustment device 80 can change the operation mode in the digital processing device 2 and rewrite the data in the rewrite memory 23 by communicating with the digital processing device 2 through serial communication, for example. It is a thing.
- the input circuit 82 of the external adjustment device is composed of an analog / digital conversion, a frequency counter, or the like, and inputs data necessary for adjustment from the digital processing device 2 using this.
- Optimum adjustment data is calculated by optimizing the input signal within the external adjustment device 80 to a predetermined characteristic or by optimizing it according to a clock signal or the like.
- the calculated adjustment data transmits a signal to the serial communication interface (SCI) 26b of the digital processing device 2 via the communication device 81, and rewrites the adjustment parameter 47 in the internal rewrite memory 23.
- SCI serial communication interface
- FIG. This shows the soft operation in the previous digital processor 2.
- the signal data (data) sent by serial communication is interpreted by the communication processing 47b, and the adjustment parameter 47 is changed based on the interpretation.
- Various operations related to the response recovery processing 43 are the same as those in the previous embodiment. In the above embodiment, it is possible to optimize the response variation by reading the clock signal of the arithmetic processing 40 and optimizing the adjustment constant of the response recovery processing according to the individual flow rate measuring device 4.
- FIG. 22 shows another example of the engine controller 5 connected to the flow rate measuring device 2 after adjustment.
- the response recovery process 43 is performed by the digital processing device 2 on the sensor 4 side, and the engine controller 5 does not perform the! / Configuration.
- the determination of the backflow for determining the presence or absence of the response recovery process is as follows. line It has become.
- the backflow generation region can be predicted by mapping the throttle opening and the engine speed (no correction !, turning the engine in a state to distinguish the region where the flow rate error is large, etc.). If the intake pipe negative pressure (boost pressure) is used for this, it can be predicted more accurately.
- the presence or absence of response recovery processing on the sensor 4 side is determined, or Change the response recovery process parameters.
- FIG. 22 shows the processing on the engine controller 5 side.
- the controller 5 of the present embodiment when noise is removed by the analog filter 61 and then the voltage signal digitized by the normal analog-digital conversion process 62 is converted into a flow rate by the V-Q conversion process 63, Easy processing. According to the present invention, a response recovery process with good reproducibility can be obtained, and a system merit can be obtained such that a certain effect can be obtained even if no special process is required on the engine control side.
- the pulsation error can be easily reduced without greatly changing the characteristics of the intake system or the sensor itself. Can do. As a result, the development period of the engine intake system measurement system and the like can be greatly shortened.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04822389.5A EP1813918B1 (en) | 2004-11-11 | 2004-11-11 | Thermal flow rate measuring device |
PCT/JP2004/016721 WO2006051589A1 (ja) | 2004-11-11 | 2004-11-11 | 熱式流量測定装置 |
US11/667,456 US7613582B2 (en) | 2004-11-11 | 2004-11-11 | Thermal type flow rate measurement apparatus |
CN2004800443860A CN101057126B (zh) | 2004-11-11 | 2004-11-11 | 热式流量测定装置 |
JP2006520551A JP4602973B2 (ja) | 2004-11-11 | 2004-11-11 | 熱式流量測定装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/JP2004/016721 WO2006051589A1 (ja) | 2004-11-11 | 2004-11-11 | 熱式流量測定装置 |
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WO2006051589A1 true WO2006051589A1 (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
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PCT/JP2004/016721 WO2006051589A1 (ja) | 2004-11-11 | 2004-11-11 | 熱式流量測定装置 |
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US (1) | US7613582B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1813918B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4602973B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101057126B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006051589A1 (ja) |
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JP2018009889A (ja) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 流量センサ |
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US11608618B2 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2023-03-21 | Sentinel Hydrosolutions, Llc | Thermal dispersion flow meter with fluid leak detection and freeze burst prevention |
US9146172B2 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2015-09-29 | Sentinel Hydrosolutions, Llc | Non-invasive thermal dispersion flow meter with chronometric monitor for fluid leak detection |
US11814821B2 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2023-11-14 | Sentinel Hydrosolutions, Llc | Non-invasive thermal dispersion flow meter with fluid leak detection and geo-fencing control |
CN104412076B (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2017-06-13 | 日立汽车系统株式会社 | 流体测量装置 |
JP5961592B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-06 | 2016-08-02 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 熱式質量流量計 |
CN106133484B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2019-10-15 | 日立金属株式会社 | 热式质量流量测定方法、流量计以及流量控制装置 |
JP6354538B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2018-07-11 | 株式会社デンソー | 通信システム、流量測定装置および制御装置 |
JP6506681B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-13 | 2019-04-24 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 空気流量測定装置 |
WO2019239726A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 物理量検出装置 |
US11365699B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2022-06-21 | Hitachi Astemo, Ltd. | Internal combustion engine control device |
US10934960B2 (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2021-03-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and system for estimating mass airflow using a mass airflow sensor |
US11467015B2 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-10-11 | Hitachi Astemo, Ltd. | Physical quantity measurement device |
JP7268533B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-23 | 2023-05-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | エンジン制御装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1813918A4 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
CN101057126B (zh) | 2010-10-06 |
US20080092645A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
EP1813918A1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
CN101057126A (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1813918B1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
JPWO2006051589A1 (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
US7613582B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 |
JP4602973B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
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