Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
  • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
  • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
  • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
  • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an "alcohol based fuel and/or biof ⁇ el composition" having as a main feature the capacity of totally or partially substituting traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, in conventional internal combustion engines.
• the "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” can be used for the total or partial substitution of burning oils.
• the invention described herein is presented as a new product and the description includes the techniques, method or procedure that are required for its use as an alternative for the traditional fuels.
• the biofuel composition described in the present patent application is a novel product industrially applicable in the fields of biological fuel technology and energy; that improves the state of the art by providing an alternative product to replace traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel.
• the "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” described herein comprises the following three components: (A) dimethoxymethane, that can be replaced, totally or partially, with one or more of the less preferred compounds, capable of improving combustion speed, such as di-tert-butyl peroxide, ethyl nitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, meta- nitrobenzoctadecylamide and other compounds, such as the ones used for reducing cetane number in diesel; (B) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and/or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether, that can be replaced with one or more of the following less preferred compounds: propoxyalcohol and/or butoxyalcohol wherein said alcohol contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, polioxipropylene glycol monoalkyl ether or polioxibutylene glycol monoalkyl ether with a boiling point in the range from 39 to 190 Celsius degrees for the substitution of gasoline, or, in the range from 39 to
• the three components of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” could be obtained from vegetal matter or organic waste (biomass).
• said components can be mixed in a defined proportion according to the kind and amount of fuel that will be replaced or mixed.
• OiI resources are not renewable unlike alcohols, such as ethanol and methanol, which can be produced in most countries from renewable resources such as agricultural crops or organic waste. Due to their convenience, there is interest to use alcohols as main fuels in conventional and preferably non-modified internal combustion engines.
• the EP No. 0019340 A1 shows a method of operating a diesel engine using methanol or ethanol as the main fuel, by adding organic compounds such as dimethoxymethane, methoxymethanol, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, or methyl propyl ether.
• the JP Patent No. 1259091 discloses a biofuel composition made with methanol and an alcohol ether or an aromatic carbon additive, such as dimethoxymethane, diethoxyethane, methyl-tert-butyl ether, and other fuels such as xylene and toluene, etc.
• JP Patent No. 2000026871 discloses a fuel composition comprising methanol, heavy gasoline and an additive agent such as dimethoxymethane mixed with methyl-tert- butyl ether.
• an additive agent such as dimethoxymethane mixed with methyl-tert- butyl ether.
• glycol ethers as a constituent of a fuel additive composition
• the US Patent No. 4,753,661 describes the use of a fuel conditioner to avoid phase separation, having average molecular weights between 250 and 500.
• the conditioner includes a glycol mono ether (diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) mixed with mineral oil hydrocarbons, to decrease fuel consumption and carbonaceous deposits, and to lower octane number requirements.
• the AU Patent No. 8425207 discloses the use of methylal, trioxane and/or triethylene glycol dinitrate, as good ignition enhancers and suitable for alcohol or diesel applications.
• the RU Patent No. 2165957 describes a method to produce gasoline, wherein the methylal-methanol fraction is considered as a part of the fuel that helps to reduce the toxicity of gasoline combustion products.
• the US Patent No. 4,668,245 discloses a fuel composition wherein the main component is an alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, gasoline or gasoline individual components, or dimethoxymethane. In addition, it discloses an additive obtained from reaction of a carboxylic acid and amine
• the GB Patent No. 2071140 describes the use of methanol, 2-methoxyethanol and glycol ethers of the class of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, as additives ' or as additive contituents, to prevent fuel freezing.
• the JP Patent No. 02194089 A discloses the use of a methanol additive, to prevent the attachment of carbonaceous deposits to the inyectors nozzles.
• Said additive is an polyoxyalkylene glycol mono ether.
• the GB Patent No 766,591 describes mixtures of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether with alcohols, acetals and other ethers, to improve the gasoline for avoiding engine choking when moisture is present.
• An "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” with a very high combustion efficiency generated by the synergistic effect produced by compounds such as propylene glycol monoalkyl ether or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether when mixed in a defined proportion with dimethoxymethane.
• This effect occurs when the production of propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide is triggered in a precise moment before the combustion process, generating a maximal pressure near to the expansion cycle start.
• the propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide are produced by the thermal decomposition of component (B) when compressed at high temperature at the end of the compression cycle. In addition to being produced, they burn and help to burn the remaining fuel, and also induce a rapid volumetric expansion of the gas.
• An "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” that uses compounds, such as propylene glycol monoalkyl ether or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether, mixed in a defined proportion with dimethoxymethane and an alcohol, and allows for the adjustment of the ignition temperature, flame speed, level of explosivity and cetane or octane numbers.
• the low energy content alcohols can be competitive on a "liter to liter" basis with high energy content fuels, using conventional engines, with competitive costs, avoiding phase separation when small amounts of water are present in the hydrocarbons, producing less contaminants and carbon dioxide emissions, increasing the octane number when used as gasoline substitute and reducing opacity when used as diesel substitute.
• This invention describes a novel technical approach to solve the above-mentioned problems and makes novel and revolutionary improvements to the state of the art. This is done by providing a product capable of substituting or replacing traditional fuels, such as gasoline, diesel and burning oils, in conventional internal combustion engines without requiring any modification of the engine's structure, design and dynamics.
• the present invention provides an "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition" that comprises the following three components:
• said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” components could be obtained from products derived from vegetal matter or organic waste (biomass).
• Said composition composed by the three mentioned components, mixed in a defined proportion according to the kind and amount of fuel that will be replaced or mixed, has the following features:
• propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide are produced from component (B), that when compressed at high temperature at the end of the compression cycle, experiences thermal decomposition and releases propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide which, in addition to being produced, they burn and help to burn the remaining fuel, and also induce a rapid volumetric expansion of the gas that reduces the available space for the combustion of the remaining fuel.
• Such reduction of the available space for the combustion of the remaining fuel produces some effects in the engine that are similar to increasing the compression ratio.
• the flame propagation speed is increased; there is a reduction in the needs for lowering the ignition temperature of the alcohol and for having a distillation curve similar to commercially available hydrocarbons.
• very high combustion efficiency is obtained with low energy content alcohols.
• the component (A) of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” used in the present invention is dimethoxymethane. It is also known as methylene dimethyl ether and is commercially known as methylal. It belongs to a class of compounds known for their use to decrease contaminants in the emission gases of diesel combustion, without forming peroxides. Its molecular formula is C 3 H 8 O 2 and its structural formula is CH 3 O-CH 2 - OCH 3 .
• Said component is totally miscible with diesel and gasoline and, in presence of an alcohol, it is totally miscible with water, it has good thermal stability properties, and it does not affect the quality of conventional fuels or the engine components.
• such compound has low toxicity and can be obtained from biomass.
• methane gas is obtained from the thermal decomposition of organic materials, such as agricultural waste.
• Such gas with high pressure and temperature and using steam, can be transformed into methanol by means of the process known as "steam methane reforming".
• steam methane reforming In the following step, methanol is oxidized with oxygen to produce formaldehyde.
• the last step involves the combination of formaldehyde and methanol in a low-temperature chemical reaction to yield dimethoxymethane by means of a process known as "reactive distillation.”
• dimethoxymethane can be obtained at a lower cost, when compared to the previously mentioned process, by means of direct electrolysis of methanol. This process does not require the step of converting methanol into formaldehyde.
• Dimethoxymethane can be replaced, totally or partially, with one or more of the less preferred compounds, capable of improving combustion speed, such as di-tert-butyl peroxide, ethyl nitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, meta-nitrobenzoctadecylamide and other compounds, such as the ones used for reducing cetane number in diesel.
• the less preferred compounds capable of improving combustion speed, such as di-tert-butyl peroxide, ethyl nitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, meta-nitrobenzoctadecylamide and other compounds, such as the ones used for reducing cetane number in diesel.
• the component (B) of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” of the present invention is propylene glycol mono-alkyl ether and/or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether, with the formula ##STR1##, wherein R is an alkyl group, having fromi to 10 carbon atoms, Ri is an Ci-C 2 alkyl group, R 2 is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 1 to 5.
• Some examples of these compounds are: propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-amyl ether, propylene glycol mono-t-amyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono- n-amyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-t-amyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl mono
• Derivatives corresponding to 1 ,2-butylene oxides can be used, including dibutylene glycol mono methyl ether, dibutylene glycol monoethyl ether, dibutylene glycol mono-n- propil ether, dibutylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, dibutylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, dibutylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether, tributylene glycol mono methyl ether, tributylene glycol monoethyl ether, tributylene glycol mono-n-propil ether, tributylene glycol mono- isopropyl ether, tributylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, tributylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether and other compounds of the same class.
• derivatives corresponding to 2,3- butylene and propylene oxides can be used.
• Propylene glycol monoalkyl ether or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether can be replaced with the following less preferred compounds: i) propoxyalcohols and/or butoxyalcohols wherein said alcohols have from 1 to 4 carbon atoms: propoxymethanol, butoxymethanol, propoxyethanol, butoxyethanol, propoxy-n- propanol, propoxy-iso-propanol, butoxy-n-propanol, butoxy-iso-propanol, propoxy-n- butanol, propoxy-sec-butanol, propoxy-iso-butanol, propoxy-tert-butanol, butoxy-n- butanol, butoxy-sec-butanol, butoxy-iso-butanol, butoxy-tert-butanol; and ii
• the propylene glycol monomethyl ether or butylene glycol mono methyl ether can be produced from biomethanol and glycols obtained from agricultural crops such as sugar cane, tapioca, corn, sorghum, etc.
• the chemical process for the production of said glycols involves two basic steps. In the first step, there is a catalytic hydrogenation to convert glucose or a monosaccharide into sorbitol.
• the second step is a continuous catalytic process known as hydrocracking, which uses steam to convert sorbitol molecules into glycols, which are purified by distillation.
• the component (C) of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” of the present invention consists of one or more alcohols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms: ethanol, methanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol and tert- butanol.
• a small amount of water can be present in said component or in the "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” of the present invention.
• the most preferred alcohols are methanol, ethanol, or a mixture thereof. In this moment, methanol is preferred over ethanol for its lower price and its higher ability to lower HC emissions.
• the advantages of ethanol over methanol are its lower toxicity, its higher energy content per kilogram and its ability to prevent phase separation when water and hydrocarbons are present. From an agricultural point of view, ethanol production is easier than methanol production.
• Ethanol can be obtained from agricultural crops such as sugar cane, using distillation processes.
• Methanol can be obtained by thermal decomposition of organic matter, such as agricultural waste. Said thermal decomposition produces methane gas. Such gas, with high pressure and temperature and using steam, can be transformed into methanol by means of the process known as "steam methane reforming"
• steam methane reforming The following example shows how the "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” of the present invention can be obtained with competitive costs.
• a mixture of the "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” with 50% of regular gasoline is prepared using the following proportions: 2% propylene glycol mono methyl ether, 10% dimethoxymethane, 38% methanol and 50% regular gasoline.
• the maximum power yield and the lower cost of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition" for the substitution of gasoline are obtained when the defined proportion for the mixture with gasoline is used and gasoline is present in a range from 50.00 to 92.00% v/v; and the maximum power yield and the lower cost of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition" when used as diesel substitute, are obtained when the defined proportion for the mixture with diesel and said diesel is present in a range from 50.00 to 92.00% v/v.
• alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition is used as burning oils substitute, the name is Cleanerfuel O. If said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” is mixed with another fuel, the number representing the percentage (v/v) corresponding to the fuel in such mixture, is placed at the end of the name.
• the full name is Cleanerfuel G 50
• a 50% (v/v) of diesel is added to said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition”
• the full name is Cleanerfuel D 50
• 50% (v/v) of burning oil is added to said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition”
• the full name is Cleanerfuel O 50.
• Figure 1 shows the higher combustion efficiency obtained with Cleanerfuel mixed with 85% of regular gasoline, when compared to 100% of Premium gasoline
• Figure 2 shows the cost reduction obtained with Cleanerfuel mixed with 85% of regular gasoline, when compared to 100% of Premium gasoline, in January 2004
• Figure 3 shows the higher octane number of Cleanerfuel mixed with 85% of regular gasoline, when compared to 100% of Premium gasoline
• Figure 4 shows the lower emission of CO gas with Cleanerfuel mixed with 50% of regular gasoline, when compared to 100% of Premium gasoline
• Figu l evre 5 shows the lower HC gas emission of Cleanerfuel mixed with 50% of regular gasoline, when compared to 100% of Premium gasoline.
• Figure 6 shows the lower NOx gas emission of Cleanerfuel mixed with 50% of regular gasoline, when compared to 100% of Premium gasoline
• Figure 7 shows the lower opacity of Cleanerfuel mixed with 50% of commercial grade diesel, when compared to 100% of commercial grade diesel
• the conventional additives and agents for conventional fuel mixtures can be present in the "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition" of the present invention.
• said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” of the present invention may contain additives or fuels, such as: friction modifiers, detergents, corrosion inhibitors, lubricants, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, cetane number improvers, etc.
• additives di-tert-butyl peroxide, ethyl nitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, aniline, gasoline or diesel, vegetal oil, morpholine, amines or polyamines, meta- nitrobenzoctadecylamide, nitrobenzoctadecylamide and benzoctadecylamide.
• the last three compounds have corrosivity lowering and lubrication enhancing properties. Their manufacturing method and effectiveness are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,668,245 filed on May 26, 1987.
• said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” may be used in a mixture with a fuel such as diesel, one or more of the hydrocarbon components of gasoline, burning oil, mineral oil, vegetal oil, alkoxy-terminal polyoxymethylenes mixtures, etc.
• a fuel such as diesel, one or more of the hydrocarbon components of gasoline, burning oil, mineral oil, vegetal oil, alkoxy-terminal polyoxymethylenes mixtures, etc.
• the preferred fuels are alkoxy-terminal polyoxymethylenes mixtures with boiling points in a range from 40 to 188 Celsius degrees for the substitution of gasoline or in the range from 40 to 350 Celsius degrees for the substitution of diesel or oils. These mixtures are preferred due to the fact that the boiling point and molecular weight may be adapted for the use in gasoline engines, or may be adapted for the use in diesel engines.
• Another reason for being preferred is that they may be obtained from dimethoxymethane and methanol, two of the three biocomponents of the "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition" of the present invention.
• Some U.S. Patents such as the U.S. Patent No. 5,314,511 describe the conversion process of methanol and dimethoxymethane into a mixture of alcoxy terminal polyoxymethylenes, using a closed vessel with high temperature and pressure.
• Said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” may increase the octane number by increasing the alcohol proportion.
• Said “alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” may reduce the cetane number by increasing the proportions of dimethoxymethane and propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and/or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether.
• Said “alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” may increase the level of explosivity and flame speed by increasing the proportion of dimethoxymethane and propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and/or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether.
• Said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” may decrease the ignition temperature by increasing the proportion of propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and/or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether. Therefore, the ignition temperature, level of explosivity and, cetane or octane numbers, may be changed by varying the proportion of the components of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition", with the purpose of obtaining the defined proportion, required to trigger the release of propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide in a precise moment, near to the expansion cycle start, at the moment of maximal pressure and prior to the combustion process.
• propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide are produced by the thermal decomposition of propylene glycol monoalkyl ether or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether, as a result of the confinement, inside the combustion chamber, at high pressure and temperature.
• Such oxides are responsible for the high combustion efficiency.
• Some racing cars have used propylene oxide for increasing the engine's power yield. However, this was prohibited due to the high toxicity for humans and the extreme care required for handling this compound.
• Propylene glycol monolakyl ether or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether when used as described herein, work as a carrier to "transport and release" said oxides without the associated toxic effects, during of after the combustion process.
• the defined proportion for each one of the three components in said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” according to the operational conditions of the combustion chamber.
• the operational conditions of the combustion chamber in a diesel engine are different to the operational conditions of the combustion chamber in a gasoline engine.
• the defined proportion for each one of the three components is selected according to the kind and amount of said fuel in the mixture. Therefore, the defined proportion of each one of the three components of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” is different for a mixture containing 50% of diesel for a diesel engine, when compared to the proportion in a mixture containing 50% of gasoline for a gasoline engine.
• the process of obtaining the three components mixtures of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” involves the mixing of the three components simultaneously or sequentially without any particular order.
• the additives can be added before, at the same time or after the preparation of said mixtures.
• the present invention can be used in any of the internal combustion engines produced by the automotive industry, therefore allowing the automotive plants to keep the same equipment for engine production.
• compositions of the present invention and the method for their use offer many advantages over the use of traditional fuels in internal combustion engines.
• the present invention provides:
• an "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” that, with defined proportions of its components, reduces contaminants production, allows a lower fuel consumption, generates new opportunities for increasing alcohol production from biomass and agricultural crops, and gives countries an opportunity to use this technology to increase their energetic independence from oil producers, reducing unemployment, increasing agro-industrial activities, reducing imports in many undeveloped countries, lowering poverty, producing less contaminants, without increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and contributing to avoid global warming.
• the present invention relates to a "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” that comprises the following three components: (A) dimethoxymethane, which can be replaced, totally or partially, with one or more of the less preferred compounds, capable of improving combustion speed, such as di-tert-butyl peroxide, ethyl nitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, meta-nitrobenzoctadecylamide and other compounds, such as the ones used for reducing cetane number in diesel; (B) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and/or butylene glycol monoalkyl ether, that can be replaced with one or more of the following less preferred compounds: propoxyalcohol and/or butoxyalcohol wherein said alcohol contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, polioxipropylene glycol monoalkyl ether or polioxibutylene glycol monoalkyl ether with a boiling point in the range from 39 to 190 Celsius degrees for the substitution of gasoline, or, in the
• the three components of said "alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” can be obtained from vegetal matter or organic waste (biomass), and when said components are mixed in the defined proportions, according to the kind and amount of fuel that will be replaced or mixed, it has the following features:
• propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide are produced from coinponent (B), which when compressed at high temperature at the end of the compression cycle, experiences thermal decomposition and releases propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide which, in addition to being produced, burn and help burn the remaining fuel, and also induce a rapid volumetric expansion of the gas that reduces the available space for the combustion of the remaining fuel.
• B coinponent
• Such reduction of the available space for the combustion of the remaining fuel produces some effects in the engine that are similar to increasing the compression ratio.
• the flame propagation speed is increased, there is a reduction in the needs for lowering the ignition temperature of the alcohol and for having a distillation curve similar to the obtained with commercially available hydrocarbons. Finally, very high combustion efficiency is obtained.

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• 2004
  • 2004-11-11 CR CR7573A patent/CR7573A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2005
  • 2005-10-28 WO PCT/IB2005/003699 patent/WO2006051424A1/en active Application Filing
• 2006
  • 2006-08-11 US US11/463,963 patent/US20070130822A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2007
  • 2007-05-10 US US11/746,803 patent/US20070204506A1/en not_active Abandoned

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