WO2006042715A1 - Lasermarkierbare flammgeschützte formmassen und daraus erhältliche lasermarkierbare und lasermarkierte produkte - Google Patents
Lasermarkierbare flammgeschützte formmassen und daraus erhältliche lasermarkierbare und lasermarkierte produkte Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006042715A1 WO2006042715A1 PCT/EP2005/011099 EP2005011099W WO2006042715A1 WO 2006042715 A1 WO2006042715 A1 WO 2006042715A1 EP 2005011099 W EP2005011099 W EP 2005011099W WO 2006042715 A1 WO2006042715 A1 WO 2006042715A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/28—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using thermochromic compounds or layers containing liquid crystals, microcapsules, bleachable dyes or heat- decomposable compounds, e.g. gas- liberating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel molding compositions based on engineering thermoplastics which are both halogen-free flameproof and laser-markable. Furthermore, the invention relates to moldings which are produced from such molding compositions.
- Thermoplastics have long been used as materials. In addition to their mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical properties, functionalities such as laser marking become increasingly important.
- halogen-containing flame-retardant polymers usually contain as synergists antimony-containing compounds, usually antimony trioxide. With such molding compositions intrinsically adequate laser inscribability is given.
- Halogen-free flame-retardant thermoplastics generally have antimony-free formulations. So far, these molding compounds could not be laser marked with sufficient contrast. Based on the cited prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide molding compositions based on engineering thermoplastics which can be marked with conventional lasers and which are equipped with halogen-free flameproofing.
- suitable molding compositions which contain halogen-free flame retardants and metal salts and in which the metal salts change color upon local irradiation with laser light by the introduced energy or in which the introduced energy leads to a color change in the molding composition.
- suitable molding compositions have been found by combining halogen-free flame retardants with small amounts of antimony trioxide.
- the present invention relates to laser-markable halogen-free flame-retardant molding compositions containing
- thermoplastic A) at least one thermoplastic and
- the molding composition contains as polymer component (A) one or more thermoplastics. At least one of the polymer components is preferably a semi-crystalline or liquid-crystalline thermoplastic.
- Light-sensitive salt-like compounds (B1) or light-sensitive or light-sensitizing oxides (B2) or their mixtures are used according to the invention as constituents which when blended into component (A) and without irradiation do not have the color of the molding composition, hardly or in a desired manner change, as well as, after the irradiation of the molding material at the irradiated points their brightness and possibly change their color.
- flame retardant component (C) phosphorus-containing compounds (C1), nitrogen-containing compounds (C2), hydroxyl-containing
- laser-inscribable flame-retardant molding compounds are characterized in that a change in color occurs when intense light is irradiated, preferably from a conventional laser light source, at the exposed location in comparison to the unexposed matrix.
- This color difference can be considered locally different luminance, as locally different color values, e.g. in the ClELab system or as locally different color values in the RGB system.
- laser-writable flame-retardant molding compounds are characterized in that they achieve class V-2, V-1 or V-O in the UL94 vertical fire test.
- the molding composition according to the invention contains from 20 to 99.95% by weight of thermoplastic polymer component (A).
- thermoplastics not particularly limited and are of the same order of magnitude as the comparable non-lichtbeschriftbarer molding materials.
- thermoplastics in (A) are polyacetals (A1), polyesters including polycarbonates (A2), polyamides (A3), polyarylene ethers and
- Polyarylene sulfides (A4), polyether sulfones and polysulfones (A5), polyaryl ether ketones (A6), polyolefins (A7), liquid-crystalline polymers (A8) and optionally other thermoplastic polymers as blend partners (AX).
- Polyacetals (A1) in the sense of this description are polymers which are known as
- Main repeat feature oxymethylene groups (CH 2 O-). They include polyoxymethylene homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers and
- polyesters (A2) are thermoplastic polymers having repeating ester groups in the main chain.
- examples are polycondensation products of naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids, mixtures of these carboxylic acids and ester-forming derivatives with dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-
- neopentyl glycol oligo- or polyethylene glycols
- oligo- or Polypropylene glycols oligo- or poly (tetramethylene) glycols
- polyesters are also to be understood as meaning polycarbonates which are obtained by polymerization of aromatic dihydroxy compounds, in particular bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) 2,2-propane (bisphenol A) or derivatives thereof, eg. B. with phosgene are available.
- bisphenol A bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) 2,2-propane
- phosgene phosgene
- Particularly preferred matrix components (A) are polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyether ester block copolymers.
- Polyamides (A3) in the sense of this description are thermoplastic polymers having repeating acid amide groups in the main chain. They include both
- polyamides (A3) are polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene azelaic acid amide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide,
- Lactams e.g. Polycaprolactam or Polylaurinlactam obtained products.
- Aucln polyamides based on terephthalic or isophthalic acid as the acid component and / or trimethylhexamethylenediamine or bis (p ⁇ aminocyclohexyl) propane as a diamine component and polyamide base resins which have been prepared by copolymerization of two or more of the aforementioned polymers or their components are suitable , An example of this is a copolycondensate of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, hexamethylenediamine and caprolactam.
- Polyarylene sulfides (A4) in the sense of this description are thermoplastic polymers with repeating sulfur groups in the far-reaching aromatic main chain. They include both homopolymers and aucxh copolymers.
- Liquid-crystalline polymers (A8) in the sense of this description are especially liquid-crystalline copolyesters and copolyesteramides based on p-hydroxybenzoic acid and / or 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.
- Particularly suitable liquid crystalline polymers are described, for example, in Saechtling, Kunststoff-Taschenbuch, Hanser Verlag, 27th Edition, pages 517 to 521.
- Thermoplastic polymers as blend partners (AX) in the sense of this description can be any further semicrystalline, liquid-crystalline and amorphous polymers.
- Light-sensitive compounds (B1) in the sense of this description are organic or inorganic salt-like compounds which change their color under the influence of a laser light source at the exposed position or lead to a color change in the plastic and contain the cations, of which at least one is selected from the A group consisting of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, La, Pr, Ta, W, Ce.
- the compounds (B1) may be classical salts of defined stoichiometry, but they may also be non-stoichiometric compounds.
- a mixed salt with at least two different cations is used.
- Elements whose cations can supplement the above are elements of the 3.-6. Period of the II. And III. Main group, the 5th-6th Period of the IV. Main group as well as the 4.-5. Period of the III- VIII. Subgroup and the Lanthanides, as well as elements from the 2.-5. Period of the I. main group.
- a mixture of salts is used which can be converted to at least one compound having two cations when heated.
- component (B1) are not subject to any
- Anions which contain at least two different elements are preferably used in component (B1).
- Particularly preferred components (B1) have, as anions, inorganic oxoanions and also the anions of the organic carboxylic acids and carbonic acid. Particularly preferred components (B1) have, as anions, phosphorus-containing oxoanions.
- the anions of component (B1) have the general formula A a O o (OH) y z ' , in which
- A trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus, tetravalent or hexavalent sulfur, tetravalent molybdenum or hexavalent tungsten, a, o, and z are independently integers having values of 1-20, and y is an integer of values between 0 and 10.
- component (B1) comprises anions of phosphoric (V) and / or phosphoric (III) acid and / or sulfur (IV) and / or sulfur (VI) acid and / or their condensation products.
- component (B1) contains as cations Cu, Sn, Fe or Sb or mixtures thereof.
- hydroxide ions and water may be included.
- Light-sensitive oxides (B2a) in the context of this application are inorganic particulate oxides which change their color under the influence of light radiation.
- Light-sensitizing oxides (B2b) in the context of this application are inorganic, particulate oxides, which under the influence of light radiation, the formation of color
- the color change in formulations with oxides (B2) can be either a change in the intrinsic color of these oxides or a catalytic contribution that correspondingly absorbent compounds are formed in their spatial proximity.
- oxides also includes compounds in which some of the oxygen atoms are in the form of hydroxyl groups. Again, these may be stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric compounds.
- Suitable inorganic oxides of component (B2) may be used on elements of the 3rd-6th period of III. and IV. Main Group, 5.-6. Period of the main group V. as well as the 4.-5. Period of the Ill. -Vlll. Subgroup and the lanthanides are based.
- Examples of such oxides (B2) are Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , silicate and aluminosilicate
- Particle size is a measure of the maximum particle-matrix interface that is good at
- Components B1) and B2) with a mean particle diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m prove to be suitable.
- Components B1) and B2) preferably have an average particle diameter of less than 5 ⁇ m.
- Quantitative data on the particle size refer in this application throughout the average particle size (d 5 o) and the particle size of the primary particles.
- the particle diameter is determined for the purposes of this invention by conventional methods such as light scattering (optionally with polarized light), microscopy or electron microscopy, and flow measurements on thin ones
- the unexposed component B1) and / or B2) has an inherent color of its own and the exposed component B1) and / or B2) has as distinct a color difference as possible. If this is a difference in color, this can mean a change from one hue to another, such as from yellow to red.
- this term also means a change in brightness, for example from white to gray, from gray to black or from light brown to dark brown.
- a change in opacity for example from transparent to white or black or brown, should be understood as a difference in color.
- the difference in color can be perceived by the human eye.
- Also according to the invention should be colored differences, so they are detected by optical measuring devices or are perceived at a wavelength outside the sensitivity range of the human eye by means of a detector. An example of this is the use of readers that use diode lasers in the NIR range.
- a high color contrast means that
- Index 1 stands for the unexposed, Index 2 for the exposed molding compound.
- the unexposed component B1) and / or B2) has the highest possible brightness (ie the highest possible brightness value L * in the ClELab color space) and the lowest possible inherent color (ie the smallest possible deviation from the black-and-white -Axis: amount a * as small as possible, as small as possible b *).
- the exposed component B1) and / or B2) should have the lowest possible brightness (lowest possible brightness value L *) and still have the lowest possible intrinsic color (as small as possible a *, as small as possible b *).
- the unexposed component B1) and / or B2) has the highest possible brightness (highest possible brightness value L * in the ClELab color space) and the lowest possible inherent color (the smallest possible deviation from the black-white axis: as small as possible in terms of amount a *, as small as possible b *).
- the exposed component B1) and / or B2) should have as distinct a color as possible (absolute maximum a * and / or b *).
- Suitable lasers generally have a
- Wavelength in the range of 157 nm to 10.6 microns preferably in the range of 532 nm to 10.6 microns.
- CO 2 lasers (10.6 ⁇ m) and Nd.AG lasers (1064 nm) or pulsed UV lasers.
- Typical excimer lasers have the following wavelengths: F 2 ⁇ excimer laser (157 nm), ArF excimer laser (193 nm), KrCl excimer laser (222 nm), KrF excimer laser (248 nm), XeCl excimer laser (308 nm), XeF excimer laser (351 nm), frequency-multiplied Nd: YAG lasers with wavelengths of 532 nm
- Nd.AG lasers (1064 or 532 nm) and CO 2 lasers.
- the energy densities of the lasers used according to the invention are generally in the range from 0.3 mJ / cm 2 to 50 J / cm 2 , preferably 0.3 mJ / cm 2 to 10 J / cm 2 .
- the pulse frequency is generally in the range of 1 to 30 kHz.
- the molding composition according to the invention contains from 0.1 to 10% by weight of component B1), preferably from 0.1 to 3% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 2% by weight. At lower levels the inscription contrast remains insufficient; higher levels are uneconomical and can affect the color of the matrix.
- the molding composition of the invention contains 0.1 to 20 wt .-% of component B2), preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.8 to 4 wt .-%. At lower levels the inscription contrast remains insufficient; at higher levels, the desired mechanical properties of the molding compound are difficult to achieve.
- Phosphorus-containing compounds (C1) for the purposes of this application are organic and inorganic phosphorus-containing compounds in which the phosphorus has the valence -3 to +5. Examples are aromatic phosphines, aromatic
- Diphosphines substituted phosphine oxides, elemental phosphorus in its modifications, salt hypophosphites or organic hypophosphorous acid esters, salt phosphites or organic phosphorous acid esters, salt phosphites or organic phosphorous acid esters, hypodiphosphates, salt phosphates or organic esters
- EP 0932643 cites further non-limiting examples of suitable phosphorus compounds.
- salts of the phosphinic acid of the formula (I) or salts of the dimerized or polymerized phosphinic acid of the formula (II) or mixtures thereof are used as the phosphorus-containing compound (C1).
- EP 00892829 gives examples thereof.
- R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl
- M is an m-valent metal ion, preferably an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion or an ion of a metal of the 3rd main group of the Periodic Table
- m is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3 and especially 2 or 3.
- R 1 and R 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, and R 3 is alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene or aralkylene
- M is an m-valent metal ion, preferably an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion or an ion of a metal of 3rd main group of the Periodic Table
- n is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, and in particular 2 or 3, and x is 1 or 2.
- R 1 and / or R 2 are alkyl, these are generally saturated monovalent alkyl radicals having from one to twenty carbon atoms.
- the alkyl radicals can be straight-chain or branched. Straight-chain alkyl radicals having from one to six carbon atoms are preferred. Particularly preferred are methyl and / or ethyl.
- R 1 and / or R 2 are cycloalkyl, these are generally saturated monovalent cycloalkyl radicals having five to eight, preferably five or six, ring carbon atoms. Preference is given to cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
- R 1 and / or R 2 are aryl, these are generally monovalent aromatic radicals which have one or two aromatic nuclei. Preference is given to phenyl.
- R 1 and / or R 2 are aralkyl, these are generally monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having one or two aromatic nuclei which furthermore have an alkylene chain. Benzyl is preferred.
- R 3 may be an alkylene radical. This is usually a group of the formula -C n Hb n -, where n is an integer from one to ten, preferably from two to six. These may be straight-chain or branched saturated divalent hydrocarbon radicals. Examples are ethylene,
- Nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms to be interrupted are divalent radicals of di-, tri- or tetraethylene glycol after removal of the terminal hydroxyl groups.
- R 3 is cycloalkylene, this is generally a saturated divalent cycloalkyl radical having five to eight, preferably five or six, ring carbon atoms. Preference is given to cyclopentylene or cyclohexylene.
- R 3 is aryl, it is usually a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical having one or two aromatic nuclei. Preference is given to phenylene.
- R 3 is aralkylene, then it is usually a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical having one or two aromatic nuclei, which also has an alkylene chain. Benzylene is preferred.
- the radicals R 1 to R 3 mentioned may additionally carry inert substituents, for example alkyl or alkoxy radicals having preferably one to six carbon atoms, or halogen atoms, such as chlorine.
- M is a cation of a metal, preferably a metal of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd main group of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
- M are cations of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and aluminum. Particularly preferred are calcium and / or aluminum.
- the phosphorus-containing compound (C1) used are organic phosphorus compounds, such as resorcinol tetraphenyl diphosphate.
- phosphorus-containing compounds C1 IVlischept containing phosphinic acid salts and organic phosphorus compounds, such as resorcinol tetraphenyl diphosphate.
- the molding composition of the invention contains 0 to 40 wt .-% of phosphorus-containing component (C1), preferably 5.0 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 10 to 25 wt .-%.
- Nitrogen-containing compounds (C2) in the context of this application are organic and inorganic nitrogen-containing compounds.
- flame-retardant additives are usually suitable heterocyclic compounds having at least one nitrogen atom as a heteroatom, which is adjacent to either an amino-substituted carbon atom or a carbonyl group. Examples are
- C2 Pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyrrolidone, aminopyridine and derivatives derived therefrom.
- Advantageous compounds (C2) are aminopyridines or aminotriazines and compounds derived therefrom, such as, for example, melamine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, substituted and dimeric aminopyridines and mixtures prepared from these compounds.
- Advantageous compounds (C2) are also polyamides and dicyandiamide, urea and its derivatives, and pyrrolidone and compounds derived therefrom.
- suitable pyrrolidones are imidazolidinone and compounds derived therefrom, such as hydantoin, allantoin and their derivatives.
- Particularly advantageous compounds (C2) are also triamino-1, 3,5-triazine (melamine) and its derivatives, for example melamine-formaldehyde condensates and methylolmelamine.
- melamine cyanurate as component (C2).
- This is a reaction product of preferably equimolar amounts of melamine and cyanuric acid or isocyanuric acid. You get it z. B. by reaction of aqueous solutions of the starting compounds at 90 to 100 0 C.
- the commercially available product is a white powder with an average particle size dso of 1, 5-7 microns.
- melamine derivatives are the condensation products of melamine (Meiern (dimer), melam (trimer) or higher oligomers), melamine borate and oxalate, primary or secondary melamine phosphate and secondary melamine pyrophosphate, neopentyl glycol boric acid melamine and polymeric melamine phosphate (CAS No. 56386-64-2).
- guanidine derivatives such as, for example, cyanoguanidine, guanidine carbonate, guanidine cyanurate, primary and secondary guanidine phosphate, primary and secondary guanidine sulfate,
- N2 Urea phosphate, urea cyanurate, ammeiin and ammelide.
- Further suitable nitrogen-containing compounds (C2) are benzoguanamine itself and its adducts or salts as well as the nitrogen-substituted derivatives and its adducts or salts.
- benzoguanamine compounds are also suitable, in particular their adducts with phosphoric acid, boric acid and / or pyrophosphoric acid.
- Particularly preferred nitrogen-containing compounds (C2) are melamine cyanurate, melamine phosphate and melamine polyphosphate.
- the molding composition of the invention contains 0 to 30 wt .-% of nitrogen-containing component (C2), preferably 2.0 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 3 to 10 wt .-%.
- C2 nitrogen-containing component
- Hydroxyl-containing compounds (C3) in the context of this application are alcohols and polyol compounds which can be used as flame retardant additives or synergists.
- Examples are aliphatic di- to hexahydric alcohols, such as alkylene glycols, for example ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol or butylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, such as polyethylene, -propylene or -butylene glycols, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, pentitols, such as xylitol, Hexites, such as sorbitol and ducitol.
- cyclic polyhydroxy compounds for example monosaccharides and / or disaccharides and / or derivatives thereof, such as sucrose hexaisobutyrate.
- partially esterified or ethoxylated derivatives of polyhydroxy compounds examples of these are glycerol or sorbitol monostearate, ethoxylated dimethylolpropane, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol or di-trimethylolpropane and lauryl, hexadecyl or stearyl esters with carbohydrates, such as sorbitan.
- hydroxyl group-containing organic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, including the copolymers with other monomers copolymerizable therewith, such as alpha-olefins, eg, ethylene, poly (2-hydroxyethyl-methyl methacrylate), poly (hydroxystyrene), poly (hydroxyalkyl acrylates), and poly- (Hydroxyalkylmethacrylate) including the comonomers with other dmit copolymerizable monomers, such as other (meth) acrylic acid esters or phenol-formaldehyde resins, such as novolacs, or hydroxyl-containing epoxy resins, polysaccharides, such as cellulose or starch, and hydroxyl-containing copolymers, such as poly (ethylene-co vinyl alcohol).
- alpha-olefins eg, ethylene, poly (2-hydroxyethyl-methyl methacrylate), poly (hydroxystyrene), poly (hydroxyalkyl acrylates), and
- Preferred components (C3) are polyvinyl alcohol, sorbitol monostearate and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol).
- the molding composition according to the invention contains 0 to 20% by weight of component (C3) containing hydroxyl groups, preferably 0 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 10% by weight.
- Inorganic synthetic compounds or mineral products (C4) within the meaning of this application include oxygen compounds of silicon, oxides or
- Salts of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zinc, as well as stannates and borates are included in Salts of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zinc, as well as stannates and borates.
- Oxygen compounds of silicon are, for example, salts and esters of orthosilicic acid and their condensation products (silicates).
- silicates An overview of O suitable silicates is described, for example, in Riedel, Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd edition, p.
- phyllosilicates foliar silicates, phyllosilicates
- talc kaolinite
- mica the group of bentonites and montmorinollites
- tectosilicates framework silicates
- silica in the form of highly dispersed silicic acid.
- the silica may be prepared by a pyrogenic or by a wet chemical process.
- the silicates or silicic acids mentioned may optionally be equipped with organic modifiers to achieve certain surface properties.
- oxygen compounds of silicon are glass, glass, ceramic and ceramic powders of different composition, as described, for example, in US Pat. In "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 5th Edition, Vol. A 12 (1989), pp. 372-387 (glass) and p. 443-448 (glass-ceramic) respectively.
- Corresponding ceramic materials are described in Vol. 6 (1986) on pages 12-18 (Commercial Ceramic Clays). Both glasses and / or ceramics with defined melting point can be used, as well as mixtures of products with a wide melting range, such as Kerarnik frits, as used for the production of glazes. Such frits or mixtures of several frits may additionally contain glass, basalt or ceramic fibers. Mixtures of this type are z. As described in EP 0 287 293 B1.
- suitable inorganics are magnesium compounds, such as magnesium hydroxide and hydrotalcites of the general formula Mg (1-a ) Ala (OH) 2 An a / 2 ' PH 2 O, where An for the anions is SO 4 2' or CO 3 2 " , a is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, and p represents the number of water molecules of the hydrotalcite and represents a value between 0 and 1.
- Hydrotalcites in which An represents CO 3 2 ' and in which 0.2 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.4 are preferred.
- the hydrotalcites may be both natural hydrotalcites, which may optionally be modified by appropriate chemical treatment, as well as synthetically produced products.
- Suitable inorganics are also metal carbonates of metals of the second main group of the periodic table and mixtures thereof.
- the IVIagnesium calcium carbonates and basic magnesium carbonates can be used both in hydrous and anhydrous form and with or without surface treatment occurring minerals such as huntite and hydromagnesite and mixtures thereof.
- suitable inorganics (C4) are further zinc compounds such as zinc oxide, stannate, hydroxystannate, phosphates and sulfides and zinc borates of the general formula f ZnO "g B 2 O 3 ⁇ h H 2 O, where f, g and h values between 0 and 14 mean.
- Suitable inorganics are also metal borates of metals of the first, second and third main group and the second subgroup of the periodic table and mixtures thereof. Particularly suitable are magnesium, calcium, aluminum and zinc borates of the general formula ## STR5 ## MgO.sup.k CaO.sup.I
- the borates can be used in both hydrous and anhydrous form. These types of compounds also include naturally occurring minerals such as colemanite and mixtures thereof. Also suitable are mixtures of the synthetic borates or mineral compounds which largely correspond to them.
- the molding composition according to the invention contains from 0 to 30% by weight of inorganic compounds (C4), preferably from 0 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably from 0 to 10% by weight.
- C4 inorganic compounds
- the novel molding composition contains 1-50% by weight, preferably 5-30% by weight, of at least one of the flame-retardant components (C1) to (C4). Lower levels usually do not give the desired flame retardant effect. Higher contents usually do not achieve the desired mechanical properties
- thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention are further customary additives (D).
- stabilizers to improve the resistance to light UV radiation and weathering
- D1 stabilizers to improve the thermal and thermal oxidative resistance
- D2 Stabilizers for improving the hydrolytic resistance
- D3> stabilizers for improving the acidolytic resistance
- D4 lubricants
- D5 lubricants
- D6 lubricants
- D6 lubricants
- D7 coloring additives
- D8 coloring additives
- D9 crystallization-regulating substances and nucleating agents
- D9 impact modifiers
- fillers D10)
- plasticizer plasticizer
- D11 plasticizer
- D12 other common additives
- the molding composition according to the invention may contain one or more substances from the group of (D1A) benzotriazole derivatives, (D1B) benzophenone derivatives, (D1C) oxanilic derivatives, (D1 D) aromatic benzoates, such as salicylates, (D1 E) cyanoacrylates,
- the molding composition according to the invention contains both at least one of the stabilizers of group (D1A) to (D1F) and sterically hindered amines of group (D1G).
- the molding composition according to the invention contains a benzotriazole derivative (D1 A) together with a hindered amine (D1 G).
- Examples of (D1A) benzotriazole derivatives are 2- [2'-hydroxy-3 ', 5'-bis (1, 1-dimethylbenzyl) phenyl] benzotriazole, 2- [2'-hydroxy-3'-tert. butyl-5'-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenzyl) -benzotriazole.
- benzophenone derivatives (D1 B) are 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-n-dodecyloxybenzophenone.
- sterically hindered amines are 2,2,6 1 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl compounds, such as for example bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-pipehdyl) sebacate or the polymer from succinic acid dimethyl ester and 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-hydroxy
- the weathering stabilizers (D1) mentioned are advantageously used in proportions of from 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the molding composition. Particular preference is given to contents of from 0.02 to 1.0% by weight of at least one of the stabilizers D1A to D1G.
- the molding composition of the invention antioxidants (D2) such as one or more substances from the group of (D2A) hindered phenols, (D2B) phenol ethers, (D2C) phenol esters organic or containing phosphorus-containing acids, such as pentaerythrityl tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], triethylene glycol bis [3- [3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy 5-methylphenyl) propionate], 3,3'-bis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionohydrazide), hexamethylene glycol bis [3- (3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, (D2D) hydroquino
- D2A hindered phenols
- D2B phenol
- a sterically hindered phenol (D2B) is used together with a phosphorus compound.
- the antioxidants mentioned (D2) can be used in proportions of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the molding composition. Preference is given to contents of up to 2% by weight.
- Ciba Irganox® 1010 with Irgafos® 126.
- the molding composition according to the invention can be hydrolysis stabilizers (D3), ie one or more anhydride substances such as (D3A) glycidyl ether or (D3B) carbodiimide contain.
- D3A hydrolysis stabilizers
- D3B hydrolysis stabilizers
- Examples are mono-, di- or optionally Mehrfachglycidylether of ethylene glycol, propoandiol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, glycerol and trimethylolpropane trisglycidyl ether.
- the stabilizers mentioned (D3) can be used in proportions of 0 to 3 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the molding composition. Preference is given to contents of up to 1.0% by weight. Particularly preferred are polymeric or monomeric carbodiimides.
- the molding composition according to the invention can be acid-evolving substances, ie one or more substances from the group of nitrogenous compounds (D4A), which
- Alkaline earth compounds D4B or bases (D4C).
- both nitrogen-containing compounds (D4A) and alkaline earth compounds (D4B) are used.
- Examples of nitrogen-containing compounds (D4A) are melamine, melamine-formaldehyde adducts and methylolmelamine.
- alkaline earth compounds examples are calcium propionate, tricalcium citrate and magnesium stearate.
- bases examples are Na 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 and NaHCO 3 .
- the cited acid scavengers (D4) are preferably used in proportions of 0.001 to 1.0
- Acid scavengers can also be used as mixtures.
- the molding composition according to the invention waxes, such as polyethylene waxes and / or oxidized polyethylene waxes whose esters and amides and fatty acid esters or
- Contain fatty acid amides Preference is given to mixed ethylene-bis-fatty acid amides and montan wax glycerides.
- Lubricant (D5) and mold release agents (D6) are preferably used in proportions of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the molding composition.
- lubricants can also act as mold release aids and vice versa.
- the molding composition according to the invention can contain coloring substances, so-called colorants. These can be both organic and inorganic pigments as well as dyes.
- the pigments and dyes are not particularly limited. However, pigments should be used which are distributed uniformly in the molding composition and do not accumulate at interfaces or individual domains, so that excellent color uniformity, color consistency and mechanical properties can be ensured.
- Examples include anthraquinone dyes and various pigments such as carbon black, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, quinacridone
- Pigments anthraquinone pigments, indoline pigments, titanium dioxide pigments, iron oxide pigments and cobalt pigments. Any suitable combinations of colorants may also be used within the present invention. When carbon blacks are used, in addition to the coloring effect, a contribution to weathering stabilization is often observed.
- the content of colorants is preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the molding composition, particularly preferably up to 5% by weight. If the contents are too low, the desired color depth is often not reached; higher contents are usually not necessary, economically unattractive and possibly degrade other properties "such as the mechanics of the molding compound.
- the molding composition according to the invention may contain homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleating agents, ie one or more substances from the group of solid inorganics and crosslinked polymers. Examples of (D8) nucleating agents are pyrogenic
- the molding composition according to the invention contains talc or branched or partially crosslinked polymers as nucleating agents.
- Nucleating agents are preferably used in proportions of 0.0001 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the molding composition. Levels of 0.001 to 2.0 wt .-% are preferred.
- the molding composition according to the invention may contain additives (D9) which are known as
- Impact modifiers favorably influence mechanical properties.
- particulate polymers which are often elastomeric or contain elastomeric components.
- EPM ethylene-propylene
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene
- diene monomers for EPDM rubbers for example, conjugated dienes such as isoprene and butadiene, non-conjugated dienes with 5 to 25 carbon atoms such as penta-
- cyclic dienes such as cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadienes, cyclooctadienes and dicyclopentadiene and alkenylnorbornenes such as 5-ethy
- the diene content of the EPDM rubbers is preferably 0.5 to 50, in particular 1 to 8 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the rubber ks.
- EPM or EPDM rubbers may preferably also be grafted with reactive carboxylic acids or their derivatives.
- reactive carboxylic acids or their derivatives e.g. Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and its derivatives, e.g. Glycidyl (meth) acrylate, as well as
- Another group of preferred rubbers are copolymers of ethylene with acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or the esters of these acids.
- the rubbers can still dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid and Fumar Text re or
- elastomers are also emulsion polymers whose preparation is described, for example, by Blackley in the monograph "Emulsion Polymerization".
- the emulsifiers and catalysts which can be used are known per se. Basically, homogeneously constructed elastomers or those with a shell structure can be used. The shell-like construction is by the
- the morphology of the polymers is also influenced by this order of addition.
- Representatives which may be mentioned here as monomers for the preparation of the rubber part of the elastomers are acrylates such as, for example, n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, corresponding methacrylates, butadiene and isoprene, and mixtures thereof. These monomers can be copolymerized with other monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl ethers and other acrylates or methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and propyl acrylate.
- the soft or rubber phase (with a glass transition temperature below 0 0 C) of the elastomers may be the core, the outer shell or a middle shell (in elastomers with more than two-shell construction); in the case of multi-shell elastomers, it is also possible for a plurality of shells to consist of a rubber phase.
- one or more hard components (with glass transition temperatures of more than 20 0 C) involved in the structure of the elastomer these are generally prepared by polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile,
- Methacrylonitrile, alpha-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, Acrylklareestem and Methacryl Acidestem such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate produced as main monomers.
- Methacrylonitrile, alpha-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, Acrylklareestem and Methacryl Acidestem such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate produced as main monomers.
- Methacrylonitrile, alpha-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, Acrylklareestem and Methacryl Acidestem such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate produced as main monomers.
- smaller proportions of other comonomers can also be used here.
- the particles of the rubber phase can also be crosslinked.
- monomers which act as crosslinkers are buta-1,3-diene, divinylbenzene, diallyl phthalate and dihydrodicyclopentadienyl acrylate, and the compounds described in EP-A 50,265.
- graft-linking monomers can also be used, ie monomers with two or more polymerizable double bonds, which react at different rates in the polymerization. Preference is given to using those compounds in which at least one reactive group polymerizes at about the same rate as the other monomers, while the other reactive group (or reactive groups), for example, polymerizes (polymerizes) much more slowly.
- the different polymerization rates entail a certain proportion of unsaturated double bonds in the rubber. If, subsequently, another phase is grafted onto such a rubber, the double bonds present in the rubber react at least partially with the graft monomers
- graft-linking monomers examples include allyl-containing monomers, in particular allyl esters of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as
- graft polymers having a multi-shell structure instead of graft polymers having a multi-shell structure, homogeneous, i. single-shell elastomers of buta-1,3-diene, isoprene and n-butyl acrylate or copolymers thereof are used. These products can also be prepared by concomitant use of crosslinking monomers or monomers having reactive groups.
- emulsion polymers examples include n-butyl acrylate / (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, n-butyl acrylate / glycidyl acrylate or n-butyl acrylate / glycidyl methacrylate copolymers, graft polymers having an inner core of n-butyl acrylate or butadiene-based and an outer shell of the above copolymers and copolymers of ethylene with comonomers providing reactive groups.
- the elastomers described can also be prepared by other customary processes, for example by suspension polymerization.
- Further preferred rubbers are polyurethanes, polyether esters and silicone rubbers.
- the novel thermoplastic molding compositions may contain fibrous, platelet or particulate fillers and reinforcing agents.
- Examples are carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, glass beads, amorphous silica, asbestos, calcium silicate (wollastonite), aluminum silicate,
- the fillers may be modified by organic components or silanization.
- the proportion of such fillers is generally up to 50 wt .-% j, preferably up to 35 wt .-%.
- the molding composition according to the invention may contain additives (D11) which influence the mobility of the chain in the amorphous phases or lower the glass transition temperature or otherwise act as a plasticizer.
- the molding composition according to the invention may comprise additives which ensure or improve functional properties of the molding compound (eg electrical conductivity and / or antistatic property) according to the respective prior art.
- a method of preparation of the molding composition or a suitable intermediate according to the invention is, for example, the mixing of all constituents at elevated temperature, i. above the melting or softening point of, some or all of the matrix polymers (A) in well-blended aggregates such as e.g. Brabenders, extruders, preferably twin-screw extruders, or on mixing rolls.
- well-blended aggregates such as e.g. Brabenders, extruders, preferably twin-screw extruders, or on mixing rolls.
- Another method of preparation is the mixing of components at room temperature and the subsequent melting of the matrix polymers in an extruder, preferably twin-screw extruders.
- the matrix A contains a polymer which is built up via a polycondensation reaction:
- additives for better dispersion can already be added during the molecular weight build-up.
- this variant offers advantages. If the matrix contains a polyester, such and other components can be added at the end of the transesterification or at the beginning of the polycondensation.
- the components individually or in combination, can first be processed into more highly concentrated masterbatches and these can then be processed further with other components to give the mixture according to the invention.
- the additives mentioned in this description can be added in any suitable steps.
- the final formulation of the molding composition can also be produced in such a way that individual or several additives are only briefly identified Production of the shaped body are added.
- the mixture of granules with an additive paste or the mixture of two or more types of granules, wherein m at least one of the molding composition according to the invention or they ultimately together give the composition of the invention are suitable.
- the erfindungsgernäße molding material is thermoplastic and thus the usual processing ways accessible.
- the processing is usually carried out by using a granulate, which in a known manner, e.g. by extrusion, injection molding, vacuum forming, blow molding or foaming is further processed to ForrnMechn.
- the erfindungsgernäße molding composition is suitable as a material for the production of semi-finished and finished parts. Also molded parts in irradiated and unirradiated form, which are produced from the molding composition according to the invention by means of conventional processing techniques, in particular by injection molding, are the subject of the present invention.
- the erfindungsgernä built moldings can be found in the computer, electrical, electronics, household goods and automotive industry application.
- the marking and labeling of molded parts according to the invention e.g. Keyboards, cables, lines, trim or functional parts in the heating, ventilation and cooling area or switches, plugs, levers and handles that contain the molding compound according to the invention can be achieved with the aid of laser light.
- the moldings according to the invention can be used as packaging.
- the present invention furthermore relates to a method for the laser marking of thermoplastic molded parts comprising the steps of: i) producing a molded part from a molding composition comprising a
- the present invention likewise relates to the use of the above-defined components B1) and / or B2) for laser marking and the components C) defined above for flameproofing of molded parts.
- the markings thus obtained are characterized by the fact that they wipe and scratch resistant, stable in subsequent sterilization processes and hygienically pure
- the example contained the entry Cu as component B1), 0.2% of copper hydroxide phosphate obtained from Aldrich was used as the light-sensitive compound. If the example as component B1) the entry Sn / Cu, as an additive powder was used as the light-sensitive compound, both SnCII) a 's and Cu (II) contained as cations and were obtained from Fa. Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG. The additive was used as an unreacted mixture of the individual salts (about 80% tin (II) phosphate with about 20% copper (II) hydroxide) for the preparation of the molding compositions.
- the light-sensitizing oxide used was 1.0% titanium dioxide as 0.3 ⁇ m rutile, such as types 2078, 2900 or 2220 from Kronos. If the example contained the entry Sb as component B2), the light-sensitive oxide used was 1.0% of antimony trioxide from Riedel-de-Haen or Campine.
- the phosphorus-containing flame retardant additive used was 13.3% of aluminum diethylphosphinate (Exolit OP 1230) from Clariant. If the example contained the entry RDP as component C1, the phosphorus-containing flame retardant additive was 5%.
- Resorcinol tetraphenyl diphosphate used.
- the example contained the entry MC as component C2, 6.7% melamine cyanurate was used as the nitrogen-containing flame retardant additive. If the example contained the entry MPP as component C2, then 5% melamine polyphosphate was used as the nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing flame retardant additive.
- the usual additives D were Irganox.RTM. 1010 and Irgafos.RTM. 126 (in each case Ciba) as antioxidant, talc as nucleating agent, flow aid and mold release agent
- Licolub® FA1 (Clariant GmbH) or bis-stearoylethylenediamide and used as saps ⁇ abstractors Stabaxol® (Rheinchemie Rheinau GmbH).
- the molding compounds were compounded in a twin-screw extruder with two kneading zones Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK25.
- the molding compositions were compounded in a twin-screw extruder with two kneading zones Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK25.
- the molding compositions were mixed in the twin-screw extruder at 250 to 280 0 C and extruded in a water bath. After granulation and drying, test specimens and 1 mm plates were injection-molded on an injection molding machine according to ISO 7792-2.
- the fire test was performed according to UL 94 (Underwriter Laboratories) on 1/32 ZoII test specimens. According to UL 94, the following fire classes result:
- V-O no afterburning for more than 10 seconds, total afterburning time for 10 flame treatments not greater than 50 seconds, no burning dripping, no complete burning off of the sample, no afterglowing of the samples for more than 30 seconds after end of flame
- V-1 no afterburning longer than 30 seconds after flaming end, sum of afterburning times for 10 flames not greater than 250 seconds, no afterglowing of samples longer than 60 seconds after flaming end, other criteria as in V-O
- V-2 ignition of the cotton by burning dripping; other criteria as in V-1. > V-2: does not meet fire class V-2
- the results are based on the compilation of the table.
- the table shows that the molding compositions according to the invention do not have inadequate evaluations, whereas in the comparative examples at least one criterion was consistently classified as insufficient.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05797296A EP1828312A1 (de) | 2004-10-15 | 2005-10-15 | Lasermarkierbare flammgeschützte formmassen und daraus erhältliche lasermarkierbare und lasermarkierte produkte |
US11/665,549 US20090048373A1 (en) | 2004-10-15 | 2005-10-15 | Laser-markable flameproof molding compounds and laser-markable and laser-marked products obtained from said molding compounds |
JP2007536109A JP2008517082A (ja) | 2004-10-15 | 2005-10-15 | レーザーマーキング可能な防炎性成形組成物、ならびに前記成形組成物から得られるレーザーマーキング可能な製品およびレーザーマーキングされた製品 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102004050555A DE102004050555B4 (de) | 2004-10-15 | 2004-10-15 | Lasermarkierbare flammgeschützte Formmassen und daraus erhältliche lasermarkierbare und lasermarkierte Produkte sowie Verfahren zur Lasermarkierung |
DE102004050555.1 | 2004-10-15 |
Publications (1)
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WO2006042715A1 true WO2006042715A1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
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ID=35427320
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PCT/EP2005/011099 WO2006042715A1 (de) | 2004-10-15 | 2005-10-15 | Lasermarkierbare flammgeschützte formmassen und daraus erhältliche lasermarkierbare und lasermarkierte produkte |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090048373A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1828312A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008517082A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101068884A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004050555B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006042715A1 (de) |
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EP0542115A1 (de) * | 1991-11-11 | 1993-05-19 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Thermoplastische Formmassen mit lasersensitiver Pigmentierung |
EP0675001A1 (de) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-10-04 | Ge Plastics Japan Limited | Harzzusammensetzungen für Laserbeschriftung |
EP0764683A1 (de) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-26 | Bayer Ag | Laserbeschriftbare Polymer-Formmassen |
EP0808866A2 (de) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-11-26 | Bayer Ag | Laserbeschriftbare Polymerformmassen |
EP0841186A1 (de) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-13 | Bayer Ag | Laserbeschriftbare Polymerformmassen |
WO1999055773A1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 1999-11-04 | General Electric Company | Composition for laser marking |
US5981640A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 1999-11-09 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Laser markable acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer for telecommunications terminals and keypads |
WO2001000719A1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-04 | Dsm N.V. | Laser-writable polymer composition |
WO2001060628A2 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-23 | Rona/Em Industries, Inc. | Methods and compositions related to laser sensitive pigments for laser marking of plastics |
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JP2008045051A (ja) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-28 | Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corp | レーザーマーキング用熱可塑性樹脂組成物及び熱可塑性樹脂成形体、並びにレーザーマーキング方法 |
US20100018957A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-01-28 | Siltech Limited | Laser marking |
US9498999B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2016-11-22 | Siltech Limited | Laser marking |
US20130289178A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2013-10-31 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Flame retardant laser direct structuring materials |
EP2291290B2 (de) † | 2008-05-23 | 2016-03-23 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Flammhemmende materialien für laser-direkt-strukturierung |
US10119021B2 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2018-11-06 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant laser direct structuring materials |
US10329422B2 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2019-06-25 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Flame retardant laser direct structuring materials |
WO2014203227A3 (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2015-04-16 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Flame retardant laser direct structuring materials |
WO2016132336A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Light colored thermally conductive polymer compositions with laser marking function |
CN110551360A (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-10 | 江苏金发科技新材料有限公司 | 一种用于直观检验焊接强度的组合物及其制备方法 |
CN110551360B (zh) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-06-01 | 江苏金发科技新材料有限公司 | 一种用于直观检验焊接强度的组合物及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004050555A1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
CN101068884A (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
EP1828312A1 (de) | 2007-09-05 |
US20090048373A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
JP2008517082A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
DE102004050555B4 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
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